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These classification codes are intended as a general guide only. The effects of a substance can vary considerably depending on
These classification codes are intended as a general guide only. The effects of a substance can vary considerably depending on
factors such as quantity, concentration and, in the case of herbal extracts, the part of the plant used. Even the
factors such as quantity, concentration and, in the case of herbal extracts, the part of the plant used. Even the
method of extraction can make a difference, so it is important to read the details for each item. The following character symbols are searchable in this document.
method of extraction can make a difference, so it is important to read the details for each item.  
 
The following character symbols are searchable in this document.<br>
eg. Sections marked "safe" indicates that everything listed in that section is "safe" unless marked otherwise.


  ❌ Red - Will or may kill, or cause the loss of, human helminths.
  ❌ Red - Will or may kill, or cause the loss of, human helminths.
Line 621: Line 624:
likely cause a rebound effect that could result in a flare and, potentially, a loss of worms. This is explained in more
likely cause a rebound effect that could result in a flare and, potentially, a loss of worms. This is explained in more
detail here[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/480176928704934/?qa_ref=pp&comment_id=480224828700144&offset=0&total_comments=4&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R2%22%7D&hc_location=ufi].
detail here[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/480176928704934/?qa_ref=pp&comment_id=480224828700144&offset=0&total_comments=4&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R2%22%7D&hc_location=ufi].
=== ✅ Immunotherapy ===
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen_immunotherapy Allergen immunotherapy] -- In the form of sublingual drops/tablets, subcutaneous injections, and allergy “shots”,
this is safe to be used concurrently with helminthic therapy. In fact, many who have used the two therapies together have been very pleased with the combined effects.
=== Laxatives ===
It is possible to lose hookworms to diarrhoea/diarrhea, but only if this is very severe, or severe and prolonged, i.e.,
lasting for several weeks. (More detail here[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/10756]) People who get diarrhoea/diarrhea as a side effect following their first
inoculation with hookworms don't lose all their worms as as result of this, and hookworms are able to withstand
the typical colonoscopy prep.
It would seem logical to assume that hookworms might be better able to resist being flushed out after the point at
which they attach to the gut wall, which is towards the end of the third week, post inoculation.
While adult hookworms do move around to feed, and are therefore theoretically more likely to be lost if diarrhoea/
diarrhea strikes while they are on the move, this is unlikely to lead to any significant loss. So, as long as laxatives
are taken in the recommended amounts, they should not pose a problem for hookworms.
It is unlikely that laxatives would dislodge whipworms once these are mature and embedded in the colonic mucosa,
but laxatives could potentially flush them out before this, especially around 21-22 days post inoculation. It may
therefore be best to avoid the use of laxatives around this time. After 28 days, they should not be affected at all.
=== Recreational drugs ===
==== ❌ Piperazine-based recreational drugs ====
<blockquote>
[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13102818.2008.10817529 Piperazine-based recreational drugs] are a group of stimulant drugs with similar effects to ecstasy.
(See separate entry for details on piperazine) The main piperazine-derivatives that have been used for
recreational purposes include
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzylpiperazine BZP] (Benzylpiperazine, A2, Frenzy, Nemesis)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine TFMPP] (1-[3-(trifluoro-methyl) phenyl]piperazine)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine mCPP] (meta-chlorophenylpiperazine, 1- [3-Chlorophenyl]-piperazine).
These drugs were frequently mixed with caffeine and a range of vitamins and binders to make party pills that were marketed as
“natural” or “herbal” highs, but were actually purely synthetic. Other piperazine-derived designer drugs include:
* '''AcBZP''' (4-Acetyl-1-benzylpiperazine, AceticBenzylPiperazine)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylbenzylpiperazine MBZP] (1-methyl-4-benzylpiperazine)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2C-B-BZP 2C-B-BZP] (4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-1-benzylpiperazine)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibenzylpiperazine DBZP] (1,4-Dibenzylpiperazine) and MDBZP (3,4 Methylenedioxy-1-benzylpiperazine)
</blockquote>
==== ❌ Yaga (Ayahuasca) ====
<blockquote>
It has been opined that anything that enters the bloodstream and disorients a host has a potential to do the same
to hookworms - since they feed on their host’s blood - and that, if the disorientation is excessive, it may cause the
worms to lose their grip on the mucosa and possibly be flushed away from their home base in the small intestine,
and be lost. However, the assumption that the worms will become inebriated by anything that inebriates their host
has been questioned because the 'nervous system' of helminths is quite different from that of mammals.
There is one recreational drug in particular that might produce this effect and cause the loss of hookworms, and
this is the South American drug yaga
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yage yage] (also known as '''ayahuasca''' as well as by a number of other names[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayahuasca%23Nomenclature])
This psychedelic brew, which is concocted by combining a variety of plant materials, was used as part of S. American
native religious rituals and, since being commercialised, has become much more mainstream. Available in Europe
and N. America through "churches" set up for its import, this drug causes a deep and immersive hallucinogenic
experience during a “trip” lasting 4-8 hours, or 12-18 hours if the subject is re-dosed, which is not uncommon.
Ayahuasca can also cause severe diarrhoea.
</blockquote>
==== ✅ Safe for worms unless marked ====
<blockquote>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotic Hypnotics] are generally worm-safe, e.g.
** '''propofol''' (see Anaesthetics section) is an ultrashort-acting sedative with amnesiac effects
** anything in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine benzodiazepine] class of drugs (e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valium valium])
** the short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolpidem zolpidem] (e.g. Ambien [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/865157116873578/?comment_id=866638886725401&offset=0&total_comments=6&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D], Ambien CR, Intermezzo, Stilnox, Stilnoct, Sublinox, Hypnogen, Lunata, Zonadin, Sanval, Zolsana, Zolfresh)
** the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic_analgesic opioids] (e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeine codeine], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene dextropropoxyphene], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodone hydrocodone], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycodone oxycodone], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramadol tramadol] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine morphine])
** along with any of their synthetic or time release variants (e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl fentanyl]); [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1080879281968026/?comment_id=1081015631954391&reply_comment_id=1081726205216667&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]
** and the morphine-like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa kratom] (kratum and ketum). [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/868935276495762/], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/868935276495762/?comment_id=869019499820673&offset=0&total_comments=2&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] <br> (NB. The FDA has warned consumers not to use any products labeled as containing kratom. [http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/304821.php])
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium Opium], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin heroin], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug) cannabis]/[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)%23Marijuana marijuana]/[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashish hashish], quat, etc., are all commonly and regularly used in areas where helminths are endemic - Africa, S.E. Asia, S. America, etc. If any of these were harmful to helminths they would have been identified as such long ago and would have become a folk remedy for one worm or another. One host of both hookworms and whipworms has confirmed the presence of eggs from both species after cannabis use, and another hookworm host who used 10 drops of hemp '''CBD''' ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol cannabidiol]]) oil twice daily, plus a few drops of '''THC''' ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol tetrahydrocannabinol]) oil to help with sleep, has reported that her hookworms were unaffected. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1037560152966606/?comment_id=1037577039631584&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine Cocaine], in its pure, unadulterated state, could be added to this list of worm-safe drugs, but it is commonly adulterated with other substances that might harm helminths, particularly ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levamisole levamisole].
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel Betel leaves] -- The leaves of the Piper betle vine (part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperaceae Piperaceae] family, which includes pepper and ⚡kava) are used as a mild stimulant and are thought likely to be safe for human helminths, although there have been no reports from helminth hosts to confirm or contradict this.
* ❌ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areca_nut betel nut] (or areca nut) seed of the areca palm (and also known as the areca nut palm, betel palm, Pinang palm and Indian nut) is often chewed wrapped in betel leaves - a combination known as '''paan''' that is used for its stimulant and psychoactive effects. Betel nuts contain the anthelminthic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecoline arecoline] and have been used as a tapeworm remedy. Fresh betel nuts are also known to be used very effectively by Torres Straight Islanders as a treatment for all types of intestinal worm, and surveys have found that the betel chewers were almost all worm-free, while others weren't. (Prolonged use of the betel nut can create addiction and the World Health Organization classifies the betel nut as a carcinogen.)
Most other recreational drugs should be safe for use by helminth hosts, including '''tobacco''', '''nicotine''' and most forms of '''alcohol'''.
* ❓ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage Alcohol] -- Normal social drinking should not have any adverse effect on helminths, but there have been hints[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/848418981880725/] that overindulging in alcohol may cause a temporary reduction in worm benefits, although this clearly isn’t the case for everyone and the effect is likely to be dose-dependent. Excessive consumption of alcohol that results in the user going into a coma due to alcohol poisoning may incur a greater risk to helminths.
** ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absinthe Absinthe] is one alcoholic drink that might present more of a risk, as it was traditionally made using herbs reported to have antiparasitic properties, including ❌'''wormwood'''. (See separate entry). However, the risk from absinthe has been questioned because it only contains the essential oil of wormwood, while the anthelminthic activity of this herb has been linked more to the bitter principles and the alkaloids, which are not included in absinthe.
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA MDMA] (ecstasy) -- As primarily a serotonin and dopamine agonist, this is thought unlikely to have much effect on helminths. However, serotonin agonism increases peristalsis, so using MDMA may not be a good idea until after the worms have attached to the intestinal mucosa. Once they are attached, the increased peristalsis alone would not dislodge them.
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N,N-Dimethyltryptamine DMT] (N,N-Dimethyltryptamine or N,N-DMT) is a psychedelic compound with powerful hallucinogenic effects. While this may be safe for use while hosting human helminths, there have been no reports to confirm this, and it is possible that high doses may have an impact on helminths.
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSD LSD] (Lysergic acid diethylamide) is unlikely to harm helminths, although there have been no reports to confirm this.
* ❔ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myristicin Myristicin] -- This psychoactive drug, which is the traditional precursor for the psychedelic and empathogenic drug [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMDA_(drug) MMDA], is found in very small quantities in vegetables, herbs and fruits consumed by humans on a daily basis, e.g., parsley, celery, lemons, figs, carrots, grape juice, Earl grey tea, nutmeg and dill, but this dietary intake is unlikely to be harmful to helminths. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5004179/]
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyote Peyote] (Lophophora williamsii) -- This cactus, which contains psychoactive alkaloids, including mescaline, is thought unlikely to harm helminths, but there have been no reports to confirm this.
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin Psilocybin], a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substituted_tryptamine substituted tryptamine], is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by more than 200 species of mushroom. Although illegal in most countries/states, psilocybin is used for the [https://clusterbusters.org/treatments-options-choices-and-more/psilocybin-and-lsd-in-the-treatment-of-cluster-headache/ self-treatment of cluster headaches], and one hookworm host has reported using this compound for two months to treat severe migraines, without noticing any apparent effect on his worms. However, it is possible that higher doses of this hallucinogenic may disorient hookworms for long enough to cause their loss.
</blockquote>
== Miscellaneous pharmaceuticals and chemicals ==
==== ✅ Safe for worms unless marked otherwise ====
<blockquote>
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zovirax Aciclovir] (Cyclovir, Herpex, Acivir, Acivirax, Zovirax, Zoral, Xovir and Imavir). There have been no reported problems with this drug so far. See also the related drug, Valaciclovir/valacyclovir.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baclofen Baclofen] (Kemstro, Lioresal, Liofen, Gablofen, Beklo and Baclosan) is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). One host who took 20-30mgs of baclofen daily reported no loss of worm benefits.
* ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate Barbiturates] have now largely been replaced in routine medical practice by ✅ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepines benzodiazepines], but they may still be encountered in general anaesthesia, for epilepsy, and in the treatment of acute migraines. These drugs depress the central nervous system, producing effects ranging from mild sedation to total anaesthesia, so, taken in sufficient quantity, they may disorient hookworms sufficiently to cause them to lose their grip on the intestinal mucosa and be flushed away from their feeding site.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepines] (BZD, benzos). There have been no reports of this type of drug having any adverse effect on helminths. The short-acting anti-anxiety drug, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alprazolam alprazolam] (Xanax), was taken by one hookworm host (0.5 mg 3 or 4 times over the course of a month) without any apparent effect on his worms. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/912662098789746/?comment_id=912671848788771&offset=0&total_comments=2&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/912662098789746/?comment_id=912703545452268&offset=0&total_comments=4&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] and the tranquillizer, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam clonazepam] (Klonopin), was found to be worm-safe by another helminth self-treater. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/912662098789746/?comment_id=912711478784808&offset=0&total_comments=7&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorazepam Lorazepam] (Ativan) has also been reported to be worm-safe. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/912662098789746/?comment_id=1099405830115371&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate Bismuth subsalicylate] (pink bismuth, the active ingredient in various stomach-settling medications such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepto-Bismol Pepto-Bismol] and Kaopectate)<br>There has been one suggestion that bismuth may have a temporary adverse effect on human helminths, similar to that caused by local anaesthetics/anesthetics, but this has not been confirmed by others. Pepto-Bismol is [http://www.reyessyndrome.org/pdfs/medicationscontainingaspirin.pdf listed] as containing aspirin (acetylsalicylate) or an aspirin-like substance (see ✅ Anticoagulants section regarding this ingredient).
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegretol Carbamazepine] (Tegretol, Equetro). This appears to be worm-safe. One host who took this for two weeks was still producing ample hookworm ova at the end of this period.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine Chlorine], as a constituent of chlorinated water at swimming baths is no threat to helminths, as explained here[http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/topics/4685].
* [http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=36f623df-2ae3-4858-9783-c058097951f4&type=display Cortifoam], a hydrocortisone rectal aerosol, uses propane and isobutane as propellants, neither of which is known to have any adverse effect on helminths.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COX-2_inhibitors COX-2 inhibitors], e.g., [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celecoxib&redirect=no celecoxib] (Celebrex), are safe for use with helminths.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid Cromoglicic acid] (cromolyn, cromoglycate or cromoglicate, sodium cromoglicate [Nalcrom] or cromolyn sodium)<br>is a mast cell stabiliser with anti-allergy effects. One hookworm host has taken 8x100mg capsules of Nalcrom daily for periods of up to 10 days without any adverse effect on her colony. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/952539741468648/?comment_id=953466358042653&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R1%22%7D]
* ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry5B Cry5B]. This is one of a family of proteins produced by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis] (Bt), a bacterium that has been engineered into food crops such as corn and rice to render them pest resistant, and residues of B. thuringiensisbased insecticides have been found on fresh fruits and vegetables. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16672488] Cry5B can kill intestinal worms and is used as a natural insecticide on crops on some organic farms. The probiotic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, can also be engineered to express the Cry5B protein, a small dose of which has been shown to kill intestinal nematode parasites, achieving a 93 percent elimination of human hookworms in hamsters. [https://www.asm.org/index.php/asm-newsroom2/journal-tipsheets/88-news-room/journal-tipsheets/91749-natural-pest-control-protein-effective-against-hookworm-a-billion-could-benefit], [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23835175] Although researchers may be pursuing this development as a means of delivering anthelminthics via foods and food supplements, the strain of Bacillus subtilis currently used in probiotics that have been manufactured for human consumption is not known to have been modified in this way, and one hookworm host has reported that his worms were unaffected after eating a lot of natto (made using Bacillus subtilis) and taking the Bacillus subtilis-containing probiotic product, Megasporebiotic. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1084149894974298/?comment_id=1084177824971505&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R6%22%7D]
* ❔ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic_acid DMPS] (Dimercapto-propane sulfonate/2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid) and its sodium salt, Unithiol. There have been no reports so far about possible anthelminthic effects following the use of this drug, but there do appear to be some serious risks attached to its use.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimercaptosuccinic_acid DMSA] (Dimercaptosuccinic acid, also called succimer). The meso isomer form of this organosulfur compound is used as a chelating agent for the treatment of heavy metal toxicity. One hookworm host has taken 25 mg DMSA every 3 hours around the clock for 5 days, and repeated this every 3 weeks for a year without harming her hookworm colony. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/860154964040460/?comment_id=991229547599667&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D] DMSA is apparently such an effective chelator that it may deplete levels of beneficial minerals, so should arguably be used under the guidance of a practitioner. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/860154964040460/?comment_id=860226537366636&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R1%22%7D]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide DMSO] (Dimethyl sulfoxide) has been used by one helminth host without adverse effect.
* ❔ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid EDTA] (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). There are, as yet, no reports from helminth hosts about the possible effects on intestinal worms of this heavy metal chelator.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_oil Essential oils]. These are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea, or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted. Certain essential oils contain some of the most potent antimicrobial compounds available and can be considered to be [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/01/the-new-antibiotics-might-be-essential-oils/384247/ natural antibiotics]. For example ❌'''oregano oil''' and ⚡'''peppermint oil''' can affect human helminths if ingested. However when essential oils are diffused into the air using a nebuliser, heated over a candle flame or burned, these should not harm helminths, even when using blends containing oregano or peppermint oil. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/807989739256983/?comment_id=808058079250149&offset=0&total_comments=3], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/807989739256983/?comment_id=809316062457684&offset=0&total_comments=6&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]
* ⚡ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid GABA] (gamma-aminobutyric acid). It has been reported[http://www.livestrong.com/article/216236-medications-to-treat-human-worms/] that the anthelminthic drug, ivermectin, causes paralysis in worms by increasing GABA, and a hookworm host has mentioned[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/9826] that she “used to do really well with GABA, but worms don't like it.” On the other hand, a child with Type 1 diabetes was given GABA (750mg x4 per day) alongside hookworm therapy without any indication that the worms were affected by this [https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/topics/10126], and another hookworm host who took 20-30mgs per day of ✅'''baclofen''' (a derivative of GABA) reported no loss of worm benefits.
* ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genistein Genistein] is an isoflavone (phytoestrogen) with antioxidant and anthelminthic properties that has been found to be the main substance responsible for the deworming activity of the root-tuber peel extract of Felmingia vestita, the plant traditionally used as an anthelminthic by the Khasi tribes of India. Genistein is a potent cestocide, being highly effective against several species of tapeworm, as well as a pork trematode and a sheep liver fluke. Given the strength of its effect against these other helminths, it is reasonable to assume that concentrated or synthesised forms of genistein (such as KBU2046 and B43-genistein) may also harm or even kill therapeutic human helminths, although there is no evidence that eating soy products might be harmful to human helminths as a result of the naturally occurring genistein they contain.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaifenesin Guaifenesin]. This oral expectorant and muscle relaxant is sold under various brand names, including Mucinex, and is added to many other medicines. There have been no reports of this drug having any ill effect on helminths, and one hookworm host has reported[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/10844] that he regularly takes between 2 and 6 x 400 mg guaifenesin tablets to treat congestion, without any apparent effect on his worms.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium Helium] appears to be worm-safe, based on the experience of one hookworm host who deliberately inhaled a small volume of the gas (to enjoy the timbre-changing effect on his voice!) while blowing up balloons, and had no loss of effect from his worm colony.
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide Hydrogen peroxide] (H2O2). This may kill helminths in a petri dish but it is so highly reactive that, if ingested, there is likely to be little left by the time it reaches the stomach. It is therefore thought to be unlikely to be a problem for helminths, although no one has reported on this, one way or the other, so it may pay to be cautious with H2O2 until there is more certainty.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine Iodine]. This appears not to have any anthelminthic effect in the case of [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02356443?no-access=true some species of roundworm and lungworm] and no reports of adverse effects have been posted by helminth hosts who are taking iodine supplements.
* ❔ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotretinoin Isotretinoin] (13-cis retinoic acid, Roaccutane, Accutane, Amnesteem, Claravis, Absorica, Isotroin and Epuris) is used to treat acne and other skin conditions. Although there have been no reports of harm to helminths as a result of taking this drug, anyone considering its use might appreciate knowing that it has been linked to autoimmune disease, which is of course what many readers of this document are already dealing with. The link is controversial, but this paper[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110532/] sets out the facts.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose Lactulose]. This synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation and as a test for small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has not been reported to have any untoward effects on human helminths.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loperamide Loperamide] (Immodium, Lopex, etc.) This drug has been taken by numerous worm hosts and there have been no reports of it harming their worms.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-dose_naltrexone Low dose naltrexone] (LDN). This is compatible with helminthic therapy and several people have had good results [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/topics/5491] from this combination, although this drug doesn’t suit everyone. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/816239688431988/?comment_id=816349231754367&offset=0&total_comments=4&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]
* ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mepacrine Mepacrine] (quinacrine [Atabrine]). This is an antiprotozoal drug that has also been used against tapeworms, so it could harm hookworms and whipworms. No one has so far reported any problem with it, but it's likely that few, if any, helminth hosts will have taken it, especially as, "Mepacrine is not the drug of choice because side effects are common, including toxic psychosis, and may cause permanent damage."
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin Metformin] [Glucophage], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenformin phenformin], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiglitazone rosiglitazone] [Avandia] are [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-diabetic_medication anti-diabetic medications] (also known as oral hypoglycemic or antihyperglycemic agents) that have been shown to have antibiotic properties[http://www.cysonline.org/article.asp?issn=2229-5186;year=2011;volume=2;issue=4;spage=219;epage=221;aulast=Dash], so might therefore have some degree of anthelminthic effect when used in higher doses. However no reports of such an effect have been posted so far by hosts of therapeutic human helminths.
* ⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methotrexate Methotrexate]. Some people are able to take methotrexate alongside HT without any problem[http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/topics/9081], but one individual got no benefit from his worms for over a year, until he stopped taking this drug.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montelukast Montelukast] (Singulair, Montelo-10, Monteflo, Lukotas, Arokast and Pulmikast). This leukotriene receptor antagonist has been taken intermittently, in 10 mg doses, by one hookworm hosts with no apparent effect on her colony. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/904649709590985/?comment_id=904760852913204&offset=0&total_comments=5&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R3%22%7D], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/904649709590985/?comment_id=904793842909905&offset=0&total_comments=5&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]
* ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_relaxant Muscle relaxants]. Anything that relaxes a worm host has the potential to do the same to his or her human helminths, conceivably affecting the ability of hookworms to maintain their grip on the host’s mucosa, and therefore possibly causing their expulsion, although this effect will likely be dose-dependent. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carisoprodol Carisoprodol] (Soma, Sanoma and Carisoma) was suspected[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/1534] by one worm host of causing the loss of his hookworm population, although ✅'''Guaifenesin''' appears to be safe. Whipworms may not be as vulnerable as hookworms, due to the fact that they do not feed directly from the bloodstream and they anchor themselves in the colonic mucosa.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs] (NSAIDS, NSAIAs or NSAIMs) e.g: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin aspirin], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenac diclofenac] (sold under many trade names[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenac%23Trade_names]), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen ibuprofen] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naproxen naproxen], are safe for use with helminths, but see Anticoagulants section regarding aspirin.
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone Ozone]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_therapy Ozone therapy] is used as an alternative treatment for various diseases in humans but is still controversial. Ozone is also used to kill microorganisms, in some instances being employed in place of chlorine as a bactericide. It is also used to eradicate water borne parasites such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium, and to kill insects in stored grain. So there would appear to be a potential for ozone to have an adverse effect on human helminths, although this may depend on dosage and there have been no reports to date of the use of ozone by helminth hosts, so caution would seem to be warranted until more is known.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen Paracetamol] (acetaminophen). This is safe for use with helminths
* ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentobarbital Pentobarbital] (US), pentobarbitone (UK), e.g., Nembutal, is a short-acting '''barbiturate''' that has been used as a sleep aid, as well as to euthanise animals and to execute humans. It’s possible that the dosages used to encourage sleep might not have any deleterious effect on human helminths, but, if this drug were to disorientate hookworms, they could lose their grip on the intestinal mucosa and be flushed away. So far, there have been no reports about this drug from any helminth host, although few, if any, will have taken it.
* ⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracetam Piracetam]. This nootropic, cognition- and memory-enhancing drug (Nootropil, Qropi, Myocalm, Dinagen) was suspected as the cause in one case of sudden worm loss.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor Proton-pump inhibitors] (PPIs, such as omeprazole (e.g., Losec) and lansoprazole (e.g., Prevacid). These gastric acid inhibiting drugs appear to be safe for use with helminths.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine] is a stimulant nasal decongestant[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decongestant] that is sometimes added to antihistamine preparations and other products, including some formulations sold under the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafed Sudafed] brand. Pseudoephedrine has not been reported to have any adverse effect on helminths.
* ❓ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-131 Radioactive iodine] (also known as radioiodine), which is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, can adversely affect hookworms, at least temporarily. One worm host found that '''isotope I-128''' (used in diagnostics) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/830004963722127/ put her colony out of action for a week or two], and has suggested that '''isotope I-131''' (used to kill thyroid tissue) may have a similar effect.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viagra Sildenafil] (Viagra). This does not kill hookworms[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/topics/2144].
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simethicone Simethicone]. This anti-foaming agent is used in different dosages, and in combination with a variety of other drugs, in a huge number of products, including Gas-X, to reduce bloating and the discomfort caused by excessive gas. Simethicone has been tested directly on pig whipworm ova (TSO) and found to have no effect on them, but there have been no reports so far to suggest whether or not it might affect human helminths.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_oxybate Sodium oxybate] (Xyrem, Alcover) is the sodium salt of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid γ-hydroxybutyric acid] (GHB), which is unlikely to harm helminths because it’s an endogenous substance found naturally in the human body[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/813700862019204/?comment_id=815965665126057&offset=0&total_comments=23&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D], and one hookworm/whipworm host has confirmed that it did not affect her worms.[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/813700862019204/?comment_id=815975511791739&offset=0&total_comments=24&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone Steroid hormones]. One host of both hookworms and whipworms takes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone progesterone] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone testosterone] with no adverse effect on her worms.
* ⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus_vaccine Tetanus vaccine]. Three helminth hosts have claimed that they may have lost their hookworms after a tetanus shot, although others have had tetanus shots without any worm loss, and no problems have been reported with other vaccines.
* ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpentine Turpentine]. Also known as spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine and, colloquially, turps, this is distilled from pine tree resins. If applied topically to the skin - for example as a treatment for lice - it is unlikely to harm helminths. However, it has been used traditionally as an anthelminthic, so it may be harmful to human helminths if taken internally. It may, however, also be toxic to humans!
* [http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/lung-problems/medicines/vicks-first-defence.html Vicks First Defence]. This cold preventative nasal spray does not contain antiviral chemicals, but forms a microgel that coats the lining of the nose to trap the cold virus and prevent this from reaching, and infecting, the cells within the nose. The microgel also reduces the pH inside the nose, which further helps by making it harder for the cold virus to multiply. It seems unlikely that any of this product’s ingredients would harm helminths, although there have been no reports to confirm this.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_Organic_Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds] (VOCs), as found in paints, felt tip markers, etc., are unlikely to harm helminths. One helminth host who regularly worked with organic solvents (including CH2Cl2 and CHCl3) has reported that his helminths have not been affected.
</blockquote>
== Medical procedures  ==
Robert
2,344

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