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Human helminth care manual: Difference between revisions
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=== Antifungals === | === Antifungals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungals] === | ||
==== ✅ Safe unless otherwise marked ==== | |||
<blockquote> | |||
The antifungal drugs, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluconazole fluconazole] (Diflucan and Trican) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystatin nystatin], both appear to be safe for use with human | |||
helminths, as does the fatty acid, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprylic_acid caprylic acid]. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/935151783207444/?comment_id=935208789868410&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] However, anyone with a coconut allergy/intolerance should | |||
note that '''caprylic acid''' is a coconut/palm kernel derivative. The enzyme-based anti-candida product, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candex candex], is also | |||
worm-safe, and one hookworm host took 4 '''Candex''' capsules twice a day for over a month without any obvious harm to his worms. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/821478984574725/?comment_id=821502387905718&offset=0&total_comments=1&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] | |||
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965638 Some probiotics] may help to control candida, especially [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_boulardii Saccharomyces boulardii], which significantly inhibits | |||
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20629753 adhesion by C. albicans], thus [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19732158 preventing the formation of biofilms and filamentation], and it is as [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23703468 effective as nystatin] in reducing fungal colonization and invasive fungal infection. '''S. boulardii''' has also been taken by at least | |||
two helminth hosts without any obvious effect on their worms. However, there has been one report [https://www.facebook.com/groups/bacteriotherapy/permalink/665492340153123/?comment_id=665494473486243&offset=0&total_comments=9] in an online group of a very slow increase in intestinal inflammation while taking it. | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_butyrate Sodium butyrate] is a powerful antifungal that inhibits pathogenic yeast growth[http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/2573.long]. It is available as a food | |||
supplement and is also manufactured in the human intestines by the fermentation of vegetables. The bacteria | |||
responsible for butyrate production are vulnerable to antibiotics, but can be reintroduced, or supplemented, by | |||
means of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_bacteriotherapy fecal microbiota transplants] (FMT), or the addition of the butyrate-producing bacterial species, | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_butyricum clostridium butyricum], which generates butyrate directly in the gut. C. butyricum is available as the probiotic, | |||
Miyarisan Tablets[https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152806891616155&set=p.10152806891616155&type=1&theater], in Japan, and is available online, e.g., from eBay[http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/251578568400] and Amazon[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000FQUNBU?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=B000FQUNBU&linkCode=xm2&tag=tyfs19-20], and in the probiotic formulations, | |||
Bifilac and Bifilac HP[http://www.indiamart.com/abpl/probiotic-dietary-supplements.html], the first of which is available from [http://www.internationaldrugmart.eu/pharmacy/over-the-counter-meds/bifilac.html here]. C. butyricum is also available as an animal feed additive[http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/probiotic-clostridium-butyricum_1589202110.html]. Nutrients that help to increase butyric acid concentrations in the colon include pectin[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectin] and larch | |||
arabinogalactan[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabinogalactan], which is available as a supplement[http://www.iherb.com/Thorne-Research-Arabinex-3-5-oz-100-g/18737], although arabinogalactan can worsen rheumatic conditions. | |||
[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/797203453668945/?comment_id=797204570335500&offset=0&total_comments=1], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/797203453668945/?comment_id=797261090329848&offset=0&total_comments=3] | |||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascorbic_acid Ascorbic acid] (vitamin C) may interfere with the yeast-to-hypha transition[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084864] of candida. | |||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar Apple cider vinegar] has been revealed[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25219289] as a possible treatment for Candida species involved in denture stomatitis, | |||
and there have been suggestions[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150608151952.htm] that, if ingested, vinegar might induce the body's gut defence system to help | |||
combat a Candida albicans infection. Advice on using apple cider vinegar as part of an anti-candida treatment | |||
regimen can be found here: [http://www.onegreenplanet.org/natural-health/how-to-treat-chronic-yeast-overgrowth-with-apple-cider-vinegar/] and [http://www.candida-cure-recipes.com/apple-cider-vinegar-cure.html]. | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine Iodine] appears to have antifungal properties, is worm-friendly, and has proved effective against candida for one hookworm host.[https://gettinghealthiernow.wordpress.com/2014/11/29/iodine-protocol-destroying-candida/] | |||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D Vitamin D] turns on genes that make antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathelicidin], which has been shown to kill | |||
Candida. However, dosage with this vitamin may be critical, and excessive amounts might be counter-productive[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25612733]. | |||
Aiming for the optimum blood level[http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitamin-d/how-do-i-get-the-vitamin-d-my-body-needs/] of vitamin D would therefore appear to be ideal. | |||
Some foods[http://www.thecandidadiet.com/candida-fighting-foods.htm], eaten in normal dietary amounts, may help support an anti-candida programme, but see the separate | |||
notes on ⚡'''cayenne''', ⚡'''coconut''' and ⚡'''ginger'''. Fresh '''garlic''' may be particularly helpful[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC538912/], and dietary forms of garlic are | |||
known to be worm-safe. However, we don’t yet know what effect a garlic extract might have on helminths. | |||
Some herbal antifungal products may adversely affect helminths, especially if they are in a concentrated form, so | |||
any herbal medicine that claims to have antifungal properties should be approached with caution. | |||
When candida is a problem, very low carbohydrate (VLC) diets are best avoided because these cause ketosis, and | |||
yeasts love ketones. | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolaurin Monolaurin] (also known as lauric acid, glycerol monolaurate, glyceryl laurate and 1-Lauroyl-glycerol) is a fatty acid | |||
found naturally in coconut oil and human breast milk. Shown in test tube studies to have antibacterial and antiviral | |||
activity, it is commonly used as a surfactant in cosmetics, including deodorants, and as an emulsifier in foods. | |||
While it is active against candida[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20008774], one subject has reported that taking two teaspoons of monolaurin daily, for a | |||
few weeks, produced no obvious effect on his worms. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/872052362850720/?comment_id=872137176175572&offset=0&total_comments=10&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R7%22%7D], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/872052362850720/?comment_id=872142719508351&offset=0&total_comments=10&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R4%22%7D] Another believes that she probably ingested a | |||
significant dose of monolaurin by drinking full fat coconut milk daily, but that her hookworms and whipworms | |||
both survived this. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/872052362850720/?comment_id=872162672839689&offset=0&total_comments=10&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] Others have also confirmed that monolaurin is worm-safe. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/974642915924997/?comment_id=975547445834544&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D] | |||
❔ '''Cellular silver'''. The manufacturers of Advanced Cellular Silver (ACS) 200 Extra Strength[http://www.resultsrna.com/products/acs_200_overview/] claim that this product | |||
achieves a 99.9989% kill against C. albicans. Although there have been no reports to date of its possible effect on | |||
human helminths, its similarity to ❓'''colloidal silver''' suggest that it may not kill the worms but only cause a | |||
temporary reduction of benefits. | |||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll Chlorophyll]. A chlorophyll-based solution has been found to be effective against candida albicans and there have | |||
been no reports to suggest this might be harmful to helminths. (Also see ❔ '''Chlorophyllin'''.) | |||
❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactoferrin Lactoferrin] (also known as lactotransferrin [LTF]) is found naturally in secretory fluids, such as milk, saliva, tears | |||
and nasal secretions. It has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic properties, and is effective against | |||
candida. It’s antimicrobial properties are enhanced by the peptide, ❔ '''lactoferricin''', the anti fungal effects of which | |||
exceed those of lactoferrin. However, there have been no reports so far of the possible effect of lactoferricin on | |||
helminths. | |||
❔ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavandula Lavender] has antifungal activity and may be of value in treating candida. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26550521] | |||
❔ '''Propolis'''. Candida has been shown to be susceptible to propolis extract [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149083], and to red propolis alcoholic extract. | |||
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26154370] | |||
❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygodial Polygodial], which has both antifungal and antimicrobial properties and is used as an insecticide, is an active constituent of | |||
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmannia_stipitata Dorrigo pepper], | |||
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmannia mountain pepper], | |||
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudowintera horopito], | |||
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudowintera_colorata mountain horopito], | |||
* ❌[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudowintera_colorata Kolorex], | |||
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drimys_winteri canelo] (Drimys winteri, winter's bark) | |||
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmella_oleracea paracress] and | |||
* ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persicaria_hydropiper water pepper]. | |||
Whilst polygodial has been shown to be effective against single-celled parasites such as protozoa, the only report so far that it might also have an adverse effect on helminths comes | |||
from a hookworm host who suspects that she killed her colony by taking '''Kolorex''', which contains a mixture of horopito and ⚡'''aniseed'''. | |||
❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambucus Sambucus], a form of elderberry, contains ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinoresinol pinoresinol], which has antifungal properties[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20657496]. However, the European elder, ❔ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambucus_nigra sambucus nigra], also known as European elderberry, European black elderberry, elder, elderberry and black | |||
elder, may not contain pinoresinol, so may not be an effective antifungal. There have been no reports as yet about | |||
the effect on helminths of any form of elderberry. | |||
⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undecylenic_acid Undecylenic Acid]. This is the common name for 10-Undecenoic Acid, which is used in the Thorne Research | |||
product, [https://www.thorne.com/products/dp/formula-sf722-reg Formula SF722]. It is a potent antifungal mono-unsaturated fatty acid extracted from coconut and the | |||
castor bean. It has been shown to be 11 times stronger than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprylic_acid caprylic acid], and is also claimed to have antiparasitic | |||
properties, although there have been no reports about this from hosts of therapeutic helminths. | |||
⚡ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumin Curcumin] inhibits candida[http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/2/337.long], even at low concentrations, but see this separate entry below on curcumin for more details. | |||
❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigella_sativa Black cumin] (nigella sativa). Also known as blackseed, black caraway, fennel-flower, nutmeg flower, Roman | |||
coriander, and 'Love in the Mist'. Extracts of this herb have shown antifungal effects[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642442/] against different strains of | |||
Candida albicans, but it has also been used as an anthelminthic since ancient times. In India, today, nigella seeds are | |||
combined with various purgatives to help kill and expel intestinal parasites. | |||
❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnema_sylvestre Gymnema sylvestre] is effective against candida[http://www.k-state.edu/media/newsreleases/jun13/vediyappan91213.html], but hydroalcoholic extracts of this herb have been found to have anthelminthic activity against the Indian earthworm, Pheretima posthuma. [http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/525_pdf.pdf] Even though the research worm, C. | |||
elegans, appears to be unaffected by gymnema[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gymnema+sylvestre+candida] and there are genetic similarities[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11812491] between C. elegans and N. | |||
americanus, one helminth host suspects that gymnema was responsible for the loss of his hookworm colony. | |||
❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufenuron Lufenuron] is a benzoylurea pesticide used on crops and in veterinary medicine (in flea control, heartworm | |||
treatments and other anthelminthic products). Its powerful anti-fungal effects may be due to its ability to inhibit | |||
the synthesis of chitin, which is unfortunately an important constituent of the mouthparts of the hookworm. | |||
Some foods are coated with edible films containing antifungal compounds such as ❔[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natamycin natamycin] (pimaricin) and | |||
❌ '''oregano oil''', but the quantities used in this application are probably insufficient to affect helminths, and there is no evidence[http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v48je06.htm] to date that natamycin harms intestinal flora. | |||
NB. Prolonged treatment with antifungal drugs can disrupt commensal fungal populations and cause an increase in | |||
the severity of disease states, as seen in one study[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27237365] in acute and chronic models of colitis and allergic airway | |||
disease. | |||
</blockquote> | |||
=== Antihistamines === | |||