Helminth therapy studies in murine models

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    This page is still under construction. Please see Helminthic therapy research.

    Also see Helminthic therapy clinical trials.

    Murine studies by disease[edit | edit source]

    Allergy and asthma[edit | edit source]

    Atherosclerosis[edit | edit source]

    Bronchiolitis by Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)[edit | edit source]

    Colitis[edit | edit source]

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    ... administration of recombinant N. brasiliensis SPI-I8 significantly reduced the impact of colitis on colon length, with no side effects detected.

    Diabetes type 1[edit | edit source]

    Diabetes type 2[edit | edit source]

    Dyslipidemia[edit | edit source]

    Eczema / Dermatitis[edit | edit source]

    Cancer[edit | edit source]

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    Together, these findings show that helminth infection can protect against distal viral infection and suppress the growth and cancer cell behaviour of HPV associated cervical cancer
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    No effect of the helminth H. diminuta was observed. (N.B. The same experiment needs to be done with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri.)

    Negative effects of helminths

    Crohn's[edit | edit source]

    Gastric Ulcer[edit | edit source]

    Infectious diseases[edit | edit source]

    Multiple Sclerosis[edit | edit source]

    Myocardial infarction[edit | edit source]

    Neuroprotection[edit | edit source]

    Obesity[edit | edit source]

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    Collectively, these observations demonstrate that helminth infections alter the structure of duodenal lacteals and compromise duodenal lymphatic lipid uptake, leading to lipid accumulation in epithelial cells and, under high-fat diet conditions, decreased weight gain.

    Psoriasis[edit | edit source]

    Rheumatoid arthritis[edit | edit source]

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    N. brasiliensis infection suppresses inflammatory arthritis.

    Salmonella[edit | edit source]

    Sepsis[edit | edit source]

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    Treatment with recombinant Nb-SPI-I8 significantly increased the probability of survival of mice from lethal sepsis.

    Others studies[edit | edit source]

    Negative effects[edit | edit source]

    Therapeutic helminth counterparts for murine models[edit | edit source]

    This table shows the therapeutic helminths that correspond with each murine model helminth.

    Murine models    Therapeutic helminths   
    Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri [2] Necator Americanus
    Trichuris muris Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris suis
    Hymenolepis diminuta Hymenolepis diminuta

    Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have a similar cycle than Necator Americanus. It is a rat helminth, which is also used on mouse models but does not survive. Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri has a shorter cycle that is adapted to mice. Studies with these two model species complement each other.

    Rat with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis are an interesting model similar to Necator americanus, while it doesn't survive in mouse model.

    Other good animal models are

    • Syrian hamsters: Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Necator Americanus.
    • Sheep and goats: Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda), Trichuris ovis (Whipworm), Moniezia benedeni (Tapeworm)
    • Rabbits: Taenia pisiformis (Cysticercus pisiformis) (Tapeworm)

    Methodology[edit | edit source]

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    Trichuris muris, depending on the infectious dose, can generate either chronic persistent infections, characterized by a Th1 response and the production of the cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ (low dose infection with ∼25 eggs), or acute infections cleared by a strong Th2 response with the production of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-9, and IL-13 in response to high amounts of eggs (∼150 eggs).[3],[4],[5]:

    The reintroduction to the digestive tract of a controlled number of specially domesticated, mutualistic helminths (intestinal worms) in the form of microscopic eggs or larvae to reconstitute a depleted biome to treat or prevent chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other immune-related disorders, including allergy.

    the ova (eggs) of the porcine (pig) whipworm, Trichuris suis

    Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids (Hi-men-o-lep'is dim-a-nu-ta sis-ti-sur-koid) - the larval cysts of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta

    An intestinal worm which grows large enough to be seen with the naked eye when mature but which is microscopic when administered in helminthic therapy. Wikipedia:Helminths

    a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.

    A murine (rat) tapeworm used in helminthic therapy that generally does not mature in humans and is taken as cysticerci (HDC) in a drink every 2 or 3 weeks.

    An intestinal worm which grows large enough to be seen with the naked eye when mature but which is microscopic when administered in helminthic therapy. Wikipedia:Helminths

    The human whipworm used in helminthic therapy and taken periodically as microscopic eggs (TTO) in a drink.

    The porcine (pig) whipworm used in helminthic therapy and taken as microscopic eggs (TSO) in a drink every two weeks.

    A murine (rat) tapeworm used in helminthic therapy that generally does not mature in humans and is taken as cysticerci (HDC) in a drink every 2 or 3 weeks.

    The species of human hookworm used in helminthic therapy. Its microscopic larvae are applied periodically to the skin.

    A category of worms with slender, unsegmented, cylindrical bodies that include roundworms and threadworms.

    A helminth with a tapering whiplike body that lives in the colon. In helminthic therapy, the microscopic eggs of either the human Trichuris trichiura (TTO) or pig Trichuris suis (TSO) are taken in a drink.

    A helminth with a flat, ribbon-like, segmented body. Only the murine (rat) tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, is used in helminthic therapy and this generally does not reach adulthood in humans so requires regular dosing of HDC.

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