Helminthic Therapy wiki - Recent changes [en]

Helminthic therapy and cancer

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:15:56 GMT

Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma

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	* 2016 Apr [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309965511_Antiproliferative_activity_against_tumour_cells_of_biologically_active_substances_isolated_from_livers_of_healthy_and_Trichinella_Spiralis_infected_rats Antiproliferative activity against tumour cells of biologically active substances isolated from livers of healthy and Trichinella Spiralis infected rats]		* 2016 Apr [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309965511_Antiproliferative_activity_against_tumour_cells_of_biologically_active_substances_isolated_from_livers_of_healthy_and_Trichinella_Spiralis_infected_rats Antiproliferative activity against tumour cells of biologically active substances isolated from livers of healthy and Trichinella Spiralis infected rats]

	* 2015 Feb 1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25527786 Intestinal helminths regulate lethal acute graft-versus-host disease and preserve the graft-~~versustumor~~ effect in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297687/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297687/pdf/nihms644178.pdf PDF] (Helminths improve the outcome of bone marrow transplantation in mice)		* 2015 Feb 1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25527786 Intestinal helminths regulate lethal acute graft-versus-host disease and preserve the graft-versus-tumor effect in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297687/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297687/pdf/nihms644178.pdf PDF] (Helminths improve the outcome of bone marrow transplantation in mice)

	* 2013 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23433602/ An anti-tumor protein produced by Trichinella spiralis induces apoptosis in human hepatoma H7402 cells]		* 2013 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23433602/ An anti-tumor protein produced by Trichinella spiralis induces apoptosis in human hepatoma H7402 cells]

Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:08:03 GMT

Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1)

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	* 2016 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26621566/ Relationship Among Strongyloides stercoralis Infection, Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection, and Cancer: A 24-Year Cohort Inpatient Study in Okinawa, Japan]		* 2016 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26621566/ Relationship Among Strongyloides stercoralis Infection, Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection, and Cancer: A 24-Year Cohort Inpatient Study in Okinawa, Japan]
	* 2013 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23843560/ Treatment of strongyloidiasis in HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis coinfected patients is associated with increased TNFα and decreased soluble IL2 receptor levels]		* 2013 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23843560/ Treatment of strongyloidiasis in HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis coinfected patients is associated with increased TNFα and decreased soluble IL2 receptor levels]
			* 2013 Apr 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23592987/ Strongyloidiasis and infective dermatitis alter human T lymphotropic virus-1 clonality in vivo]
	* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22237002/ Helminthic infection and the risk of neurologic disease progression in HTLV-1]		* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22237002/ Helminthic infection and the risk of neurologic disease progression in HTLV-1]
	* 2011 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21800110/ Combined infection with HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis] (French)		* 2011 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21800110/ Combined infection with HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis] (French)

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:05:39 GMT

Alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) / M2 macrophages

Deworming debunked

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:55:29 GMT

Other studies

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	* 2012 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23158229/ Effects of maternal worm infections and anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy on infant motor and neurocognitive functioning]		* 2012 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23158229/ Effects of maternal worm infections and anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy on infant motor and neurocognitive functioning]

			* 2011 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176950/ Effect of single-dose anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on an infant's response to immunisation and on susceptibility to infectious diseases in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial] (Comment: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176948/ Wormy mothers, healthy babies: case closed or conundrum?])
			:{{Quote\|indent}}These results do not accord with the recently advocated policy of routine antenatal anthelmintic treatment, and the value of such a policy may need to be reviewed{{Quote\|/indent}}

	* 2002 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12066130/ The possible link between de-worming and the emergence of immunological disease]		* 2002 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12066130/ The possible link between de-worming and the emergence of immunological disease]

Helminthic therapy research

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:51:11 GMT

2011

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	* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21159556/ To B or not to B: B cells and the Th2-type immune response to helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/pdf/nihms259426.pdf PDF]		* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21159556/ To B or not to B: B cells and the Th2-type immune response to helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/pdf/nihms259426.pdf PDF]
	* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044628 Trichinella spiralis: infection reduces airway allergic inflammation in mice]		* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044628 Trichinella spiralis: infection reduces airway allergic inflammation in mice]
	* 2011 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176948/ Wormy mothers, healthy babies: case closed or conundrum?]		* 2011 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176950/ Effect of single-dose anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on an infant's response to immunisation and on susceptibility to infectious diseases in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial] (Comment: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176948/ Wormy mothers, healthy babies: case closed or conundrum?])
	* 2011 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283177048_Lipid_profile_of_subjects_infected_with_Schistosoma_Haematobium_in_South-Western_Nigeria Lipid profile of subjects infected with Schistosoma Haematobium in South-Western Nigeria]		* 2011 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283177048_Lipid_profile_of_subjects_infected_with_Schistosoma_Haematobium_in_South-Western_Nigeria Lipid profile of subjects infected with Schistosoma Haematobium in South-Western Nigeria]
	* 2011 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20428947/ Schistosoma mansoni infection but not egg antigen promotes recovery from colitis in outbred NMRI mice]		* 2011 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20428947/ Schistosoma mansoni infection but not egg antigen promotes recovery from colitis in outbred NMRI mice]

Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:50:20 GMT

Infectious diseases

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	* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22237002/ Helminthic infection and the risk of neurologic disease progression in HTLV-1]		* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22237002/ Helminthic infection and the risk of neurologic disease progression in HTLV-1]
	* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21771686/ Prevalence and co-infections of schistosomiasis/hepatitis B and C viruses among school children in an endemic areas in Taiz, Yemen] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995764511601132 Full text]		* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21771686/ Prevalence and co-infections of schistosomiasis/hepatitis B and C viruses among school children in an endemic areas in Taiz, Yemen] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995764511601132 Full text]
	* 2011 Jan 1 -[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176950/ Effect of single-dose anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on an infant's response to immunisation and on susceptibility to infectious diseases in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial]		* 2011 Jan 1 -[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176950/ Effect of single-dose anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on an infant's response to immunisation and on susceptibility to infectious diseases in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial] (Comment: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176948/ Wormy mothers, healthy babies: case closed or conundrum?])
	* 2009 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19392635/ Coinfections with Schistosoma haematobium, Necator americanus, and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar in children: chemokine and cytokine responses and changes after antiparasite treatment]		* 2009 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19392635/ Coinfections with Schistosoma haematobium, Necator americanus, and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar in children: chemokine and cytokine responses and changes after antiparasite treatment]
	* 2008 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/b4d03304-fe8d-4064-814c-e6122baf4a7a The relationship between Ascaris lumbricoides and malaria in children aged 1-4 years] (Thesis)		* 2008 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/b4d03304-fe8d-4064-814c-e6122baf4a7a The relationship between Ascaris lumbricoides and malaria in children aged 1-4 years] (Thesis)

Helminthic therapy and vaccines

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:50:15 GMT

Scientific publications

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	* 2012 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23272112/ Chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection reduces immune response to vaccine against hepatitis B in mice]		* 2012 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23272112/ Chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection reduces immune response to vaccine against hepatitis B in mice]
	* 2011 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21900178/ Pathogenic nematodes suppress humoral responses to third-party antigens in vivo by IL-10-mediated interference with Th cell function]		* 2011 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21900178/ Pathogenic nematodes suppress humoral responses to third-party antigens in vivo by IL-10-mediated interference with Th cell function]
			* 2011 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176950/ Effect of single-dose anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on an infant's response to immunisation and on susceptibility to infectious diseases in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial] (Comment: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176948/ Wormy mothers, healthy babies: case closed or conundrum?])
	* 2010 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20544012/ Helminth coinfection does not affect therapeutic effect of a DNA vaccine in mice harboring tuberculosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2882318/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2882318/pdf/pntd.0000700.pdf PDF]		* 2010 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20544012/ Helminth coinfection does not affect therapeutic effect of a DNA vaccine in mice harboring tuberculosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2882318/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2882318/pdf/pntd.0000700.pdf PDF]
	* 2010 Apr 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20188676/ Helminth infection impairs the immunogenicity of a Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine, but not irradiated sporozoites, in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2846978/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2846978/pdf/nihms-183063.pdf PDF]		* 2010 Apr 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20188676/ Helminth infection impairs the immunogenicity of a Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine, but not irradiated sporozoites, in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2846978/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2846978/pdf/nihms-183063.pdf PDF]

Helminthic therapy research

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:49:25 GMT

2011

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	* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21159556/ To B or not to B: B cells and the Th2-type immune response to helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/pdf/nihms259426.pdf PDF]		* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21159556/ To B or not to B: B cells and the Th2-type immune response to helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/pdf/nihms259426.pdf PDF]
	* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044628 Trichinella spiralis: infection reduces airway allergic inflammation in mice]		* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044628 Trichinella spiralis: infection reduces airway allergic inflammation in mice]
			* 2011 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176948/ Wormy mothers, healthy babies: case closed or conundrum?]
	* 2011 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283177048_Lipid_profile_of_subjects_infected_with_Schistosoma_Haematobium_in_South-Western_Nigeria Lipid profile of subjects infected with Schistosoma Haematobium in South-Western Nigeria]		* 2011 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283177048_Lipid_profile_of_subjects_infected_with_Schistosoma_Haematobium_in_South-Western_Nigeria Lipid profile of subjects infected with Schistosoma Haematobium in South-Western Nigeria]
	* 2011 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20428947/ Schistosoma mansoni infection but not egg antigen promotes recovery from colitis in outbred NMRI mice]		* 2011 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20428947/ Schistosoma mansoni infection but not egg antigen promotes recovery from colitis in outbred NMRI mice]

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:12:49 GMT

IL-4

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	* 2019 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30919955/ Recruitment of hepatic macrophages from monocytes is independent of IL-4Rα but is associated with ablation of resident macrophages in schistosomiasis] (Comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31267552/ Macrophages assemble! But do they need IL-4R during schistosomiasis?]		* 2019 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30919955/ Recruitment of hepatic macrophages from monocytes is independent of IL-4Rα but is associated with ablation of resident macrophages in schistosomiasis] (Comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31267552/ Macrophages assemble! But do they need IL-4R during schistosomiasis?]
	* 2019 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30500088/ IL-4Rα-expressing CD11c+ cells contribute to driving optimal cellular responses during Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice]		* 2019 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30500088/ IL-4Rα-expressing CD11c+ cells contribute to driving optimal cellular responses during Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice]
			* 2018 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30379806 The Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population requires IL-4Rα signaling to control inflammation during helminth infections]
	* 2018 Oct 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30375396/ Helminth-induced IL-4 expands bystander memory CD8+ T cells for early control of viral infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207712/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207712/pdf/41467_2018_Article_6978.pdf PDF]		* 2018 Oct 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30375396/ Helminth-induced IL-4 expands bystander memory CD8+ T cells for early control of viral infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207712/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207712/pdf/41467_2018_Article_6978.pdf PDF]
	* 2018 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30238872/ Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion]		* 2018 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30238872/ Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion]
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	* 2017 Feb 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28169282/ Anti-apoptotic effects of Sonic hedgehog signalling through oxidative stress reduction in astrocytes co-cultured with excretory-secretory products of larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis]		* 2017 Feb 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28169282/ Anti-apoptotic effects of Sonic hedgehog signalling through oxidative stress reduction in astrocytes co-cultured with excretory-secretory products of larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis]
	* 2017 [https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/handle/10396/15285 Estudios de los mecanismos de inmunomodulación por Fasciola hepática: Apoptosis y linfocitos T reguladores] (Spanish, Thesis)		* 2017 [https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/handle/10396/15285 Estudios de los mecanismos de inmunomodulación por Fasciola hepática: Apoptosis y linfocitos T reguladores] (Spanish, Thesis)
	* 2017 [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=134529 Estudios de los mecanismos de inmunomodulación por Fasciola hepáticaApoptosis y linfocitos T reguladores ] (Spanish, Thesis)
	* 2016 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28036393/ Soluble Egg Antigens of Schistosoma japonicum Induce Senescence of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells by Activation of the FoxO3a/SKP2/P27 Pathway]		* 2016 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28036393/ Soluble Egg Antigens of Schistosoma japonicum Induce Senescence of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells by Activation of the FoxO3a/SKP2/P27 Pathway]
	* 2016 Aug 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27489164/ Soluble egg antigens of Schistosoma japonicum induce senescence in activated hepatic stellate cells by activation of the STAT3/p53/p21 pathway]		* 2016 Aug 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27489164/ Soluble egg antigens of Schistosoma japonicum induce senescence in activated hepatic stellate cells by activation of the STAT3/p53/p21 pathway]
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	* 2014 Aug 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25144704/ Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens facilitate hepatic stellate cell apoptosis by downregulating Akt expression and upregulating p53 and DR5 expression]		* 2014 Aug 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25144704/ Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens facilitate hepatic stellate cell apoptosis by downregulating Akt expression and upregulating p53 and DR5 expression]
	* 2014 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24487000/ Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens induce apoptosis and inhibit activation of hepatic stellate cells: a possible molecular mechanism]		* 2014 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24487000/ Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens induce apoptosis and inhibit activation of hepatic stellate cells: a possible molecular mechanism]
			* 2013 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23787700/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus antigens inhibit the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by overexpression of survivin and Bcl-2 protein in CD4 T cells]
	* 2013 Jun 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23861729/ Nematode-derived proteins suppress proliferation and cytokine production of antigen-specific T cells via induction of cell death]		* 2013 Jun 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23861729/ Nematode-derived proteins suppress proliferation and cytokine production of antigen-specific T cells via induction of cell death]
	* 2013 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277021/ Cell apoptosis induced by hookworm antigens: a strategy of immunomodulation]		* 2013 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277021/ Cell apoptosis induced by hookworm antigens: a strategy of immunomodulation]
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	* 2013 Aug 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23964850/ Suppression of ovine lymphocyte activation by Teladorsagia circumcincta larval excretory-secretory products]		* 2013 Aug 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23964850/ Suppression of ovine lymphocyte activation by Teladorsagia circumcincta larval excretory-secretory products]

	* 2013 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23787700/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus antigens inhibit the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by overexpression of survivin and Bcl-2 protein in CD4 T cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3904318/ Full text]

	* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21172351/ Characterisation of hookworm heat shock factor binding protein (HSB-1) during heat shock and larval activation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3062737/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3062737/pdf/nihms260269.pdf PDF]		* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21172351/ Characterisation of hookworm heat shock factor binding protein (HSB-1) during heat shock and larval activation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3062737/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3062737/pdf/nihms260269.pdf PDF]

Helminthic therapy and cancer

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 13:56:52 GMT

Various

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	* 1997 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8980372/ Effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and eosinophilia on age at onset and prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia]		* 1997 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8980372/ Effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and eosinophilia on age at onset and prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia]

			* 1982 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7053850/ Induction of lymphoma in antigenically stimulated athymic mice]

	* 1979 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/437839/ Studies of macrophage function during Trichinella spiralis infection in mice]		* 1979 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/437839/ Studies of macrophage function during Trichinella spiralis infection in mice]

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 13:49:17 GMT

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways

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	* 2013 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23495757/ Fasciola hepatica tegumental coat antigen suppresses MAPK signalling in dendritic cells and up-regulates the expression of SOCS3]		* 2013 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23495757/ Fasciola hepatica tegumental coat antigen suppresses MAPK signalling in dendritic cells and up-regulates the expression of SOCS3]
	* 2012 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22579699/ Predominance of IL-10 and TGF-β production from the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, in response to crude antigens from Clonorchis sinensis]		* 2012 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22579699/ Predominance of IL-10 and TGF-β production from the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, in response to crude antigens from Clonorchis sinensis]
			* 2010 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19903537/ Syphacia obvelata modifies mitogen-activated protein kinases and nitric oxide synthases expression in murine bone marrow cells]

	=== mTOR pathway ===		=== mTOR pathway ===
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	* 2012 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22287718/ Concurrent bacterial stimulation alters the function of helminth-activated dendritic cells, resulting in IL-17 induction]		* 2012 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22287718/ Concurrent bacterial stimulation alters the function of helminth-activated dendritic cells, resulting in IL-17 induction]
	* 2012 Aug 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23072152/ Immune response of Th17 cells in mesenteric lymph node of mice infected by Schistosoma japonicum] (Chinese)		* 2012 Aug 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23072152/ Immune response of Th17 cells in mesenteric lymph node of mice infected by Schistosoma japonicum] (Chinese)
			* 2006 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16325460/ Hematopoietic changes and altered reactivity to IL-17 in Syphacia obvelata-infected mice]

	=== IL-18 ===		=== IL-18 ===

Helminthic therapy and cancer

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 12:58:00 GMT

Various

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	* 2020 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32935510/ Polarization of human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells-derived macprophages induced by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis proteins in vitro] (Chinese)		* 2020 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32935510/ Polarization of human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells-derived macprophages induced by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis proteins in vitro] (Chinese)

			* 2019 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30961822/ Intestinal parasite infections in dogs affected by multicentric lymphoma and undergoing chemotherapy]

	* 2019 Mar [https://www.astctjournal.org/article/S1083-8791(18)31492-7/fulltext Intestinal Immune Conditioning with Helminths Employs Host T Helper 2 (Th2) Pathway to Induce Mixed Chimerism and Regulate Graft-Versus-Host Disease] -- [https://www.astctjournal.org/article/S1083-8791(18)31492-7/pdf PDF]		* 2019 Mar [https://www.astctjournal.org/article/S1083-8791(18)31492-7/fulltext Intestinal Immune Conditioning with Helminths Employs Host T Helper 2 (Th2) Pathway to Induce Mixed Chimerism and Regulate Graft-Versus-Host Disease] -- [https://www.astctjournal.org/article/S1083-8791(18)31492-7/pdf PDF]
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	* 2010 Mar 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20204135/ Anti-inflammatory protein of Schistosoma japonicum directs the differentiation of the WEHI-3B JCS cells and mouse bone marrow cells to macrophages]		* 2010 Mar 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20204135/ Anti-inflammatory protein of Schistosoma japonicum directs the differentiation of the WEHI-3B JCS cells and mouse bone marrow cells to macrophages]

			* 2007 May 1 [https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/67/9_Supplement/SY20-01/535833/The-hygiene-hypothesis-and-lymphoma-risk-Too-clean The hygiene hypothesis and lymphoma risk: Too clean or too dirty?]

	* 1997 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8980372/ Effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and eosinophilia on age at onset and prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia]		* 1997 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8980372/ Effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and eosinophilia on age at onset and prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia]

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 05:36:08 GMT

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s)

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:36, 27 April 2026
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	* 2022 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35757689/ ILC2s Control Microfilaremia During Litomosoides sigmodontis Infection in Rag2-/- Mice]		* 2022 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35757689/ ILC2s Control Microfilaremia During Litomosoides sigmodontis Infection in Rag2-/- Mice]

			* 2022 May 5 [https://www.pas.va/en/publications/scripta-varia/sv153pas/locksley.html Innate Allergy and Intestinal Cell Fate] (Working group "Stem Cells and Their Promise for Regenerative Medicine")

	* 2022 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35501356/ The neuropeptide VIP potentiates intestinal innate type 2 and type 3 immunity in response to feeding] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41385-022-00516-9 Full text] (also [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0248866324012281 in French here])		* 2022 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35501356/ The neuropeptide VIP potentiates intestinal innate type 2 and type 3 immunity in response to feeding] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41385-022-00516-9 Full text] (also [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0248866324012281 in French here])
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	=== IL-10 ===		=== IL-10 ===

			* 2026 [https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/stu_dist/133/ The Effects of Adiposity, Age, and Anthelmintic Administration on Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 in Equines] (Licence, Otterbein, Ohio)
	* 2025 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40895302/ IL-10/STAT5 axis suppresses miR-140 to upregulate B7-H4 expression in RAW264.7 cells]		* 2025 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40895302/ IL-10/STAT5 axis suppresses miR-140 to upregulate B7-H4 expression in RAW264.7 cells]
	* 2024 Jun 20 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/host-parasite-interactions-in-trichuris-infections/ Host parasite interactions in Trichuris infections] (Thesis, Manchester)		* 2024 Jun 20 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/host-parasite-interactions-in-trichuris-infections/ Host parasite interactions in Trichuris infections] (Thesis, Manchester)
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	* 2026 Jan 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41513004/ Trained ILC2 prevent IL-17-associated lung injury during helminth infection through a serotonin-dependent mechanism]		* 2026 Jan 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41513004/ Trained ILC2 prevent IL-17-associated lung injury during helminth infection through a serotonin-dependent mechanism]
			* 2026 [https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/stu_honor/220/ The Effect of Dewormer on Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-17 Levels in Serum from Horses] (Licence, Otterbein, Ohio)
	* 2026 [https://ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/957 The Protective Role of IL-17 Against Parasitic Infections: A Meta-Analysis Study]		* 2026 [https://ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/957 The Protective Role of IL-17 Against Parasitic Infections: A Meta-Analysis Study]
	* 2025 Feb 20 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/chitinase-like-proteins-as-regulators-of-il-17-in-the-context-of-/ Chitinase-like proteins as regulators of IL-17 in the context of helminth infection and LPS induced inflammation] (Thesis, Manchester)		* 2025 Feb 20 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/chitinase-like-proteins-as-regulators-of-il-17-in-the-context-of-/ Chitinase-like proteins as regulators of IL-17 in the context of helminth infection and LPS induced inflammation] (Thesis, Manchester)
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	=== IFNγ ===		=== IFNγ ===

			* 2026 [https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/stu_honor/218/ The effect of deworming horses with fenbendazole or moxidectin on serum interferon-gamma values] (Licence, Otterbein, Ohio)
	* 2025 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40267906/ A type 1 immune-stromal cell network mediates disease tolerance against intestinal infection] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00395-2 Full text]		* 2025 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40267906/ A type 1 immune-stromal cell network mediates disease tolerance against intestinal infection] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00395-2 Full text]
	* 2025 Jun [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/85453/ Investigating the role of intestinal IFN-γ expression on barrier immunity during enteric helminth infection] (Thesis, Glasgow)		* 2025 Jun [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/85453/ Investigating the role of intestinal IFN-γ expression on barrier immunity during enteric helminth infection] (Thesis, Glasgow)

Helminthic therapy and arthritis

John — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:02:01 GMT

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)

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	:Update 15/04/23. "She still takes her antidepressant about once a week. However, she's totally thrilled about her hands. It has been "years and years" since she was able to get through a winter without excruciating pain and swelling. She doesn't need meloxicam at all; her hands occasionally get sore or swollen but it doesn't require any medication. And her feet have had zero issues at all this winter. She is amazed."		:Update 15/04/23. "She still takes her antidepressant about once a week. However, she's totally thrilled about her hands. It has been "years and years" since she was able to get through a winter without excruciating pain and swelling. She doesn't need meloxicam at all; her hands occasionally get sore or swollen but it doesn't require any medication. And her feet have had zero issues at all this winter. She is amazed."
	:Update 13/09/23. "She continues to take 10 NA, generally every 4-6 weeks. She gets a minimal rash and minimal itching from this and feels no need for any intervention. She considers it extremely mild. She has an old ongoing issue with insomnia which seems be be improving very slowly." (Reported by a friend. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5567934879929088])		:Update 13/09/23. "She continues to take 10 NA, generally every 4-6 weeks. She gets a minimal rash and minimal itching from this and feels no need for any intervention. She considers it extremely mild. She has an old ongoing issue with insomnia which seems be be improving very slowly." (Reported by a friend. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5567934879929088])

			* "My friend (with PsA) got relief for her hands within a couple weeks. And the next winter she said she hadn't had a winter so pain-free in 10 years." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/26464028496559755?comment_id=26472801645682440]<!--LF-->

	== Osteoarthritis ==		== Osteoarthritis ==

Helminth providers

MBT — Sun, 26 Apr 2026 20:46:57 GMT

removed intro discount

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	Full customer support is offered throughout the treatment, and consultation calls are available.<br>		Full customer support is offered throughout the treatment, and consultation calls are available.<br>
	Supplies doses of various sizes on a pay-per-dose basis according to individual requirements. <br>		Supplies doses of various sizes on a pay-per-dose basis according to individual requirements. <br>
	'''NA'''. A single dose of NA is $150 USD. Four doses are $450 ~~USD and six doses are $600~~ USD, valid for 2 years from the date of purchase.~~<br> '''Special offer from 2025: NEW CLIENTS receive first dose of 3 - 5NA for US$80.'''~~<br>		'''NA'''. A single dose of NA is $150 USD. Four doses are $450 USD, valid for 2 years from the date of purchase.<br>
	'''Further discounts''' are also available for children and families, and for those facing financial difficulties. <br>		'''Further discounts''' are also available for children and families, and for those facing financial difficulties. <br>
	'''TTO'''. Doses of 50, 100 or 250 ova are shipped in lots of 6 vials. (Minimum order: 6 vials of 50 TTO.) 300 ova for $250 USD / 600 ova for $450 USD / 1200 ova for $750 USD. TTO have a long shelf-life so unused doses can be stored in a refrigerator until required.<br>		'''TTO'''. Doses of 50, 100 or 250 ova are shipped in lots of 6 vials. (Minimum order: 6 vials of 50 TTO.) 300 ova for $250 USD / 600 ova for $450 USD / 1200 ova for $750 USD. TTO have a long shelf-life so unused doses can be stored in a refrigerator until required.<br>
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	:4. '''Cleaning'''. Providers clean their larvae before shipping for the protection of customers, but this process reduces the worms' shelf life. Variation between the cleaning protocols used by different providers results in differing lengths of shelf life. For example, one hookworm provider ([https://web.archive.org/web/20221209070413/http://wormswell.com/ Wormswell] [2014-2018]) said that their larvae had a shelf life of 3 to 4 weeks after rinsing, whereas those from a different provider (Worm Therapy) only had a stated shelf life of 2 weeks.		:4. '''Cleaning'''. Providers clean their larvae before shipping for the protection of customers, but this process reduces the worms' shelf life. Variation between the cleaning protocols used by different providers results in differing lengths of shelf life. For example, one hookworm provider ([https://web.archive.org/web/20221209070413/http://wormswell.com/ Wormswell] [2014-2018]) said that their larvae had a shelf life of 3 to 4 weeks after rinsing, whereas those from a different provider (Worm Therapy) only had a stated shelf life of 2 weeks.

	:One supplier has been reported anonymously in a [[~~media~~:Socio-~~medical_studies_of_individuals_self~~-~~treating_with_helminths_provide_insight_into_clinical_trial_design_for_assessing_helminth_therapy~~.pdf \| medical study (PDF)]] to have claimed that extensive washing of NA can reduce its effectiveness, but there is no evidence for this. The claim may have been based on the testimony of self-treaters who had observed a less robust skin response following inoculation with washed larvae, and who had assumed, incorrectly, that this would indicate a likely reduction in therapeutic effect, unaware that there is no correlation between the strength of skin response and eventual therapeutic benefit. However, anyone with a preference for unwashed larvae can purchase their first dose from a provider, then [[Helminth incubation#Hookworm incubation \| grow their own supply]] from this colony and use them unwashed.		:One supplier has been reported anonymously in a [[Media:Socio-medical studies of individuals self-treating with helminths provide insight into clinical trial design for assessing helminth therapy.pdf\| medical study (PDF)]] to have claimed that extensive washing of NA can reduce its effectiveness, but there is no evidence for this. The claim may have been based on the testimony of self-treaters who had observed a less robust skin response following inoculation with washed larvae, and who had assumed, incorrectly, that this would indicate a likely reduction in therapeutic effect, unaware that there is no correlation between the strength of skin response and eventual therapeutic benefit. However, anyone with a preference for unwashed larvae can purchase their first dose from a provider, then [[Helminth incubation#Hookworm incubation \| grow their own supply]] from this colony and use them unwashed.

	Concern is sometimes expressed about the possibility that the hookworm larvae available from the suppliers may have become weakened as a result of a genetic bottleneck in the domesticated hookworm stock. However, there is no evidence of any reduction in therapeutic effect from the hookworms available from the providers today. See: [[Self-treating with NA#Is there genetic degradation in laboratory-reared hookworms? \| '''Is there genetic degradation in laboratory-reared hookworms?''']]		Concern is sometimes expressed about the possibility that the hookworm larvae available from the suppliers may have become weakened as a result of a genetic bottleneck in the domesticated hookworm stock. However, there is no evidence of any reduction in therapeutic effect from the hookworms available from the providers today. See: [[Self-treating with NA#Is there genetic degradation in laboratory-reared hookworms? \| '''Is there genetic degradation in laboratory-reared hookworms?''']]

Introduction to helminthic therapy

John — Sun, 26 Apr 2026 16:20:36 GMT

The rewards of re-worming

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	{{Quote\|indent}}We think of these worms as kind of big probiotics. (Dr Paul Giacomin, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine.) [http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/nights/audio/201819018/hookworms-to-treat-coeliac-disease]{{Quote\|/indent}}		{{Quote\|indent}}We think of these worms as kind of big probiotics. (Dr Paul Giacomin, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine.) [http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/nights/audio/201819018/hookworms-to-treat-coeliac-disease]{{Quote\|/indent}}

	People living in developed countries gradually lost contact with this type of organism during the 20th century as a result of the introduction of "systems hygiene" in the form of indoor flush toilets and sewage treatment as well as water purification facilities and food processing plants, plus innovations such as mass-produced shoes, canned food, artificial refrigeration and anthelmintic drugs. [~~https://helminthictherapywiki~~.~~org/wiki/The_history_of_helminthic_therapy#The_origins_of_helminth_deficiency_in_industrialised_populations]~~		People living in developed countries gradually lost contact with this type of organism during the 20th century as a result of the introduction of "systems hygiene" in the form of indoor flush toilets and sewage treatment as well as water purification facilities and food processing plants, plus innovations such as mass-produced shoes, canned food, artificial refrigeration and anthelmintic drugs. See[[The history of helminthic therapy \| '''The origins of helminth deficiency in industrialised populations''']].

	By reconstituting and enriching the intestinal biome, helminthic therapy counteracts this loss of biodiversity, as well as halting the immune-related disorders that result from it.		By reconstituting and enriching the intestinal biome, helminthic therapy counteracts this loss of biodiversity, as well as halting the immune-related disorders that result from it.
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	Since it is not a medical treatment, doctors are not normally involved in its use, although many naturopathic physicians and practitioners of functional medicine recommend their patients to use it.		Since it is not a medical treatment, doctors are not normally involved in its use, although many naturopathic physicians and practitioners of functional medicine recommend their patients to use it.

	In order to experience optimum benefits from helminthic therapy, the self-treater must fully understand how to use it '''''before''''' commencing, and there is a lot to learn, with a choice of four different organisms, each with different characteristics and somewhat different effects. Fortunately for anyone who is new to this therapy, all the information they need is presented on this site, and this page is ~~the main~~ doorway into that information.		In order to experience optimum benefits from helminthic therapy, the self-treater must fully understand how to use it '''''before''''' commencing, and there is a lot to learn, with a choice of four different organisms, each with different characteristics and somewhat different effects. Fortunately for anyone who is new to this therapy, all the information they need is presented on this site, and this page is a doorway into that information.

	* [https://www.youtube.com/@HelminthTherapy '''Helminthic therapy in practice'''] - Key aspects of the therapy explained in a series of YouTube videos.		* [https://www.youtube.com/@HelminthTherapy '''Helminthic therapy in practice'''] - Key aspects of the therapy explained in a series of YouTube videos.
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	* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737071/ Socio-medical studies of individuals self-treating with helminths provide insight into clinical trial design for assessing helminth therapy] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576921002063 Full text] \| [[media:Socio-medical_studies_of_individuals_self-treating_with_helminths_provide_insight_into_clinical_trial_design_for_assessing_helminth_therapy.pdf \| PDF]]		* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737071/ Socio-medical studies of individuals self-treating with helminths provide insight into clinical trial design for assessing helminth therapy] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576921002063 Full text] \| [[media:Socio-medical_studies_of_individuals_self-treating_with_helminths_provide_insight_into_clinical_trial_design_for_assessing_helminth_therapy.pdf \| PDF]]

	~~For over~~ a thousand anecdotal reports of success using helminths to treat over 170 different conditions, see the following page.		To access more than a thousand anecdotal reports of success using helminths to treat over 170 different conditions, see the following page.

	* [[Helminthic therapy personal stories \| '''Helminthic therapy personal stories''']]		* [[Helminthic therapy personal stories \| '''Helminthic therapy personal stories''']]

Helminthic Therapy wiki:Sandbox

John — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 23:22:02 GMT

Medical doctors

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	== Medical doctors ==		== Medical doctors ==

			This is not an exhaustive list. It only contains the names of the few individuals who have revealed their profession in some way. Many, if not most, doctors keep quiet about their profesional role when interracting within the HT community.

	* '''Andrea McBeth ND''' - US		* '''Andrea McBeth ND''' - US

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 21:59:48 GMT

General E/S analysis

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	=== General E/S analysis ===		=== General E/S analysis ===

			* 2026 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42023754/ First analysis of Spirometra mansoni excretory-secretory proteins by the 4D-DIA method]

	* 2026 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41906940/ Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Show Minimal Role for ST2 on MCPT5-Expressing Mast Cells in Primary Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection]		* 2026 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41906940/ Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Show Minimal Role for ST2 on MCPT5-Expressing Mast Cells in Primary Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection]

Helminthic therapy and allergy

Jlm — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 21:51:37 GMT

Helminths that promote allergies

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	=== Helminths that promote allergies ===		=== Helminths that promote allergies ===

			* 2026 Apr 22 [https://uniconflix.com/index.php/ICHT/article/view/4497 Immunological and allergic reactions associated with helminth infections in preschool children in Khorezm region]
	* 2026 Mar 31 [https://uniconflix.com/index.php/ICMA/article/view/4136 Development of allergic reactions and atopic diseases in children with helminth infections]		* 2026 Mar 31 [https://uniconflix.com/index.php/ICMA/article/view/4136 Development of allergic reactions and atopic diseases in children with helminth infections]
	* 2020 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31284858/ Allergen-like Molecules from Parasites]		* 2020 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31284858/ Allergen-like Molecules from Parasites]

Stool testing (egg counting)

Jlm — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 20:59:21 GMT

Stool testing for helminth hosts

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	For the purposes of helminthic therapy, it is only necessary to test for the presence of the human helminths, Necator americanus (NA) and Trichuris trichiura (TT). The non-human helminths, Trichuris suis (TS) and Hymenolepis diminuta (HD) do not normally survive for long enough in humans to produce eggs. (The exceptions to this are a small percentage of very young children and severely immunocompromised patients, in whom HDC can [[The HDC experience#Risk of HD maturation and persistence \| develop and persist]].)		For the purposes of helminthic therapy, it is only necessary to test for the presence of the human helminths, Necator americanus (NA) and Trichuris trichiura (TT). The non-human helminths, Trichuris suis (TS) and Hymenolepis diminuta (HD) do not normally survive for long enough in humans to produce eggs. (The exceptions to this are a small percentage of very young children and severely immunocompromised patients, in whom HDC can [[The HDC experience#Risk of HD maturation and persistence \| develop and persist]].)

	A DNA [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] stool analysis is the ideal method of determining whether any helminths are present, as was shown in a 2023 study that found PCR testing to be superior to traditional microscopy for identifying soil-tranmitted helminth infections. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37945120/]. A PCR test can be ordered internationally online from [https://www.diagnosticsolutionslab.com/tests/pathogens-panel-stool Diagnostic Solutions] in Atlanta Georgia, US. Make sure your clinician specifically asks for the helminth test.		A DNA [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] stool analysis is the ideal method of determining whether any helminths are present, as was shown in a 2023 study that found PCR testing to be superior to traditional microscopy for identifying soil-tranmitted helminth infections. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37945120/].

			A PCR test can be ordered internationally online from [https://www.diagnosticsolutionslab.com/tests/pathogens-panel-stool Diagnostic Solutions] in Atlanta Georgia, US. Make sure your clinician specifically asks for the helminth test.

			[https://www.seegene.com/assays/allplex_gi_helminth_i_assay Allplex™ GI-Helminth(I) Assay] is routinely used in many medical laboratories. "Simultaneous detection and identification of 9 parasitic gastrointestinal pathogens using real-time PCR" (resell by [https://www.biologiste365.fr/2868-eurobio-scientific-lance-son-nouveau-panel-allplex-gi-helminthes/ Eurobio Scientific in France]) (see 2021 Apr 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33812465/ Evaluation of the Allplex™ GI-Helminth(I) Assay, the first marketed multiplex PCR for helminth diagnosis])

	Other DNA tests exist, such as the highly sensitive and specific [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40198671/ fluorescent recombinase polymerase amplification test]. However, this particular test, which was developed primarily for surveillance in the field, may not be readily accessible to clinicians.		Other DNA tests exist, such as the highly sensitive and specific [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40198671/ fluorescent recombinase polymerase amplification test]. However, this particular test, which was developed primarily for surveillance in the field, may not be readily accessible to clinicians.

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 06:17:59 GMT

IL-22

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	* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35692479/ Mitigation of Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis by Trichinellaspiralis infection pinpointing immunomodulation]		* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35692479/ Mitigation of Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis by Trichinellaspiralis infection pinpointing immunomodulation]

			* 2022 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35559665/ BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia]

	* 2022 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35233023/ Intestinal permeability before and after albendazole treatment in low and high socioeconomic status schoolchildren in Makassar, Indonesia]		* 2022 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35233023/ Intestinal permeability before and after albendazole treatment in low and high socioeconomic status schoolchildren in Makassar, Indonesia]
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	* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37038837/ The abundance and morphology of human large intestinal goblet and tuft cells during chronic schistosomiasis]		* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37038837/ The abundance and morphology of human large intestinal goblet and tuft cells during chronic schistosomiasis]

			* 2022 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35559665/ BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia]

	* 2022 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35417668/ Expelliarmus helminthus! Harry Helminth and the Goblet of Alarmins] -- [https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(22)00137-6 Full text]		* 2022 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35417668/ Expelliarmus helminthus! Harry Helminth and the Goblet of Alarmins] -- [https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(22)00137-6 Full text]
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	* 2022 Sept 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057627/ Sirtuin 6 maintains epithelial STAT6 activity to support intestinal tuft cell development and type 2 immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9440928/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9440928/pdf/41467_2022_Article_32846.pdf PDF]		* 2022 Sept 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057627/ Sirtuin 6 maintains epithelial STAT6 activity to support intestinal tuft cell development and type 2 immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9440928/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9440928/pdf/41467_2022_Article_32846.pdf PDF]
	* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35288645/ The IL-25-dependent tuft cell circuit driven by intestinal helminths requires macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705247/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705247/pdf/41385_2022_Article_496.pdf PDF]		* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35288645/ The IL-25-dependent tuft cell circuit driven by intestinal helminths requires macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705247/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705247/pdf/41385_2022_Article_496.pdf PDF]
			* 2022 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35559665/ BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia]
	* 2022 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35385697/ Epithelial STAT6 O-GlcNAcylation drives a concerted anti-helminth alarmin response dependent on tuft cell hyperplasia and Gasdermin C] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109499/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109499/pdf/nihms-1791543.pdf PDF]		* 2022 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35385697/ Epithelial STAT6 O-GlcNAcylation drives a concerted anti-helminth alarmin response dependent on tuft cell hyperplasia and Gasdermin C] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109499/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109499/pdf/nihms-1791543.pdf PDF]
	* 2022 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35237268/ Tuft Cells and Their Role in Intestinal Diseases~~] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8884241/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8884241/pdf/fimmu-13-822867.pdf PDF~~]		* 2022 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35237268/ Tuft Cells and Their Role in Intestinal Diseases]
	* 2022 [https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/items/86366bca-6e7f-4f40-996b-5266bd01effd Differentiation and activation of tuft cells tunes type 2 immunity in the small intestine] (Thesis, Washington)		* 2022 [https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/items/86366bca-6e7f-4f40-996b-5266bd01effd Differentiation and activation of tuft cells tunes type 2 immunity in the small intestine] (Thesis, Washington)
	* 2022 Jan 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34779829/ Intestinal epithelial tuft cell induction is negated by a murine helminth and its secreted products] (Comment: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34846536/ Helminths make themselves at home])		* 2022 Jan 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34779829/ Intestinal epithelial tuft cell induction is negated by a murine helminth and its secreted products] (Comment: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34846536/ Helminths make themselves at home])
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	* 2026 Mar 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41903550/ Tuft cells promote reactivation of memory Th2 cells and are required for protective immunity to intestinal helminth re-infection] (Online ahead of print)		* 2026 Mar 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41903550/ Tuft cells promote reactivation of memory Th2 cells and are required for protective immunity to intestinal helminth re-infection] (Online ahead of print)
			* 2022 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35559665/ BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia]
	* 2021 Nov 29 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/characterising-the-peritoneal-and-hepatic-response-to-enteric-nem/ Characterising the peritoneal and hepatic response to enteric nematode infection] (Thesis, Manchester)		* 2021 Nov 29 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/characterising-the-peritoneal-and-hepatic-response-to-enteric-nem/ Characterising the peritoneal and hepatic response to enteric nematode infection] (Thesis, Manchester)
	* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495875/ Macrophage function in tissue repair and remodeling requires IL-4 or IL-13 with apoptotic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/pdf/nihms892778.pdf PDF] (Science)		* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495875/ Macrophage function in tissue repair and remodeling requires IL-4 or IL-13 with apoptotic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/pdf/nihms892778.pdf PDF] (Science)
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	* 2025 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41124406/ Concomitant immunity against superimposed homologous Echinostoma caproni infections in mice is mediated by interleuquin-25]		* 2025 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41124406/ Concomitant immunity against superimposed homologous Echinostoma caproni infections in mice is mediated by interleuquin-25]
	* 2025 May 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40446079/ Profiling of human IL-22+ T cell clones from patients affected with Schistosoma mansoni: Insights into macrophage regulation and liver fibrosis]		* 2025 May 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40446079/ Profiling of human IL-22+ T cell clones from patients affected with Schistosoma mansoni: Insights into macrophage regulation and liver fibrosis]
			* 2022 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35559665/ BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia]
	* 2015 Jun 10 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/the-role-of-interleukin-1-signaling-in-the-immune-defense-and-in-/ The role of Interleukin -1 signaling in the immune defense and in the development of the T helper cell lineage] (Thesis, Manchester)		* 2015 Jun 10 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/the-role-of-interleukin-1-signaling-in-the-immune-defense-and-in-/ The role of Interleukin -1 signaling in the immune defense and in the development of the T helper cell lineage] (Thesis, Manchester)
	* 2013 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24130494/ IL-22 Mediates Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Worm Expulsion in Intestinal Helminth Infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3795034/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3795034/pdf/ppat.1003698.pdf PDF]		* 2013 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24130494/ IL-22 Mediates Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Worm Expulsion in Intestinal Helminth Infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3795034/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3795034/pdf/ppat.1003698.pdf PDF]
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	== Others yet to be classified ==		== Others yet to be classified ==

	* 2026 ~~Mar 7~~ [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1720183/abstract Susceptibility of mice to primary Echinostoma caproni infections is associated with metabolic and structural changes] ~~(Online ahead of print)~~		* 2026 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42020424/ Host insulin hijacking by a nematode receptor mediates developmental plasticity and sex ratio shifts]
			* 2026 Apr 21 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1720183/abstract Susceptibility of mice to primary Echinostoma caproni infections is associated with metabolic and structural changes]
	* 2026 Mar 22 [https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/6/2870 The Class I Scavenger Receptors CD5 and CD6 Play a Role in the Early Peritoneal Immune Response to Echinococcus granulosus Tegumental Antigens]		* 2026 Mar 22 [https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/6/2870 The Class I Scavenger Receptors CD5 and CD6 Play a Role in the Early Peritoneal Immune Response to Echinococcus granulosus Tegumental Antigens]
	* 2026 Mar 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41796458/ Tonic for your GIN: gastrointestinal nematode immunomodulator vaccines] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/fulltext/S1471-4922(26)00033-4 Full text]		* 2026 Mar 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41796458/ Tonic for your GIN: gastrointestinal nematode immunomodulator vaccines] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/fulltext/S1471-4922(26)00033-4 Full text]

Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases

Jlm — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 22:48:05 GMT

Inflammation

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	=== Inflammation ===		=== Inflammation ===

			* 2026 Apr 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42024796/ Alcohol and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of mechanistic insights and disease specific effects]

	* 2026 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41888134/ Sustained visceral fat loss is associated with attenuated brain atrophy and improved cognitive function in late midlife] (Online ahead of print)		* 2026 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41888134/ Sustained visceral fat loss is associated with attenuated brain atrophy and improved cognitive function in late midlife] (Online ahead of print)
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	* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40952044/ Altered Inflammatory Signature in a C9ORF72 -ALS iPSC-Derived Motor Neuron and Microglia Coculture Model]		* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40952044/ Altered Inflammatory Signature in a C9ORF72 -ALS iPSC-Derived Motor Neuron and Microglia Coculture Model]
			{{Expando\|90+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}
			* 2025 Dec 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41456636/ Neurodevelopmental origins of neurodegeneration: a lifespan perspective on brain vulnerability]

	* 2025 Dec 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41456636/ Neurodevelopmental origins of neurodegeneration: a lifespan perspective on brain vulnerability]
	~~{{Expando\|90+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}~~
	* 2025 Dec 18 [https://tud.qucosa.de/en/landing-page/https%3A%2F%2Ftud.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A101125%2Fmets/ Role of Th17 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis] (Thesis)		* 2025 Dec 18 [https://tud.qucosa.de/en/landing-page/https%3A%2F%2Ftud.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A101125%2Fmets/ Role of Th17 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis] (Thesis)

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 21:13:16 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 24 April 2026
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	\|keywords=		\|keywords=
	\|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}		\|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}
	This page aims to describe the different mechanisms underlying helminth colonization. It lists over ~~900~~ unique articles, but requires better classification.		This page aims to describe the different mechanisms underlying helminth colonization. It lists over 5000 unique articles, but requires better classification.

	There are many different helminth species, belonging to different phyla. Since these may use different mechanisms from each other, the effects of one species can not be generalized to others.		There are many different helminth species, belonging to different phyla. Since these may use different mechanisms from each other, the effects of one species can not be generalized to others.
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	* 2026 Jan 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41588429/ Dietary fibre promotes chronic gut parasite infection via direct and time-dependent modulation of innate immunity]		* 2026 Jan 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41588429/ Dietary fibre promotes chronic gut parasite infection via direct and time-dependent modulation of innate immunity]

	* 2026 Jan 23 [https://~~sciety~~.~~org/articles/activity~~/~~10.21203~~/~~rs.3.~~rs-7706316/v1 Functional divergence of the gut microbiome associated with lifestyle and helminth infection in Indigenous Peninsular Malaysian] (Preprint)		* 2026 Jan 23 [https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7706316/v1 Functional divergence of the gut microbiome associated with lifestyle and helminth infection in Indigenous Peninsular Malaysian] (Preprint)

	* 2026 Jan 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41565669/ Profound taxonomic and functional gut microbiota alterations associated with trichuriasis: cross-country and country-specific patterns]		* 2026 Jan 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41565669/ Profound taxonomic and functional gut microbiota alterations associated with trichuriasis: cross-country and country-specific patterns]

Helminthic therapy and asthma

Jlm — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 17:16:57 GMT

Media Coverage

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:16, 24 April 2026
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	* 2016 Oct 27 [http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/hookworm-saliva-can-treat-asthma-and-allergies-study_uk_5811eccde4b0672ea687edad Asthma And Allergies May Find An Unlikely Treatment In Hookworm Saliva] - Oscar Williams, Huffpost Tech		* 2016 Oct 27 [http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/hookworm-saliva-can-treat-asthma-and-allergies-study_uk_5811eccde4b0672ea687edad Asthma And Allergies May Find An Unlikely Treatment In Hookworm Saliva] - Oscar Williams, Huffpost Tech
	* 2016 Oct 26 [http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/ct-hookworms-asthma-20161026-story.html Bloodsucking parasitic hookworms could help treat asthma] - Sarah Kaplan, Chicago Tribune		* 2016 Oct 26 [http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/ct-hookworms-asthma-20161026-story.html Bloodsucking parasitic hookworms could help treat asthma] - Sarah Kaplan, Chicago Tribune
	* 2016 Oct 26 [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/protein-found-hookworm-soup-could-fight-asthma-other-autoimmune-diseases Protein found in hookworm ‘soup’ could fight asthma, other autoimmune diseases] - Jennifer Couzin-Frankel, ~~AAAS~~		* 2016 Oct 26 [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/protein-found-hookworm-soup-could-fight-asthma-other-autoimmune-diseases Protein found in hookworm ‘soup’ could fight asthma, other autoimmune diseases] - Jennifer Couzin-Frankel, Science
	* 2011 Jan [http://www.foodsmatter.com/asthma_respiratory_conditions/hay_fever/articles/nasal_allergies_nuked_by_worms.html Nasal Allergies Nuked by Worms] - John Scott, Foods Matter		* 2011 Jan [http://www.foodsmatter.com/asthma_respiratory_conditions/hay_fever/articles/nasal_allergies_nuked_by_worms.html Nasal Allergies Nuked by Worms] - John Scott, Foods Matter
	* 2010 Apr 2 [http://www.scotsman.com/news/medicines-made-from-worms-could-cure-asthma-and-arthritis-1-797492 Medicines made from worms 'could cure asthma and arthritis'] - The Scotsman		* 2010 Apr 2 [http://www.scotsman.com/news/medicines-made-from-worms-could-cure-asthma-and-arthritis-1-797492 Medicines made from worms 'could cure asthma and arthritis'] - The Scotsman

Helminthic therapy in the media

Jlm — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 17:16:29 GMT

Articles

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:16, 24 April 2026
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	* 2016 Oct 27 [http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/hookworm-saliva-can-treat-asthma-and-allergies-study_uk_5811eccde4b0672ea687edad Asthma And Allergies May Find An Unlikely Treatment In Hookworm Saliva] - Oscar Williams, Huffpost Tech		* 2016 Oct 27 [http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/hookworm-saliva-can-treat-asthma-and-allergies-study_uk_5811eccde4b0672ea687edad Asthma And Allergies May Find An Unlikely Treatment In Hookworm Saliva] - Oscar Williams, Huffpost Tech
	* 2016 Oct 26 [http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/ct-hookworms-asthma-20161026-story.html Bloodsucking parasitic hookworms could help treat asthma] - Sarah Kaplan, Chicago Tribune		* 2016 Oct 26 [http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/ct-hookworms-asthma-20161026-story.html Bloodsucking parasitic hookworms could help treat asthma] - Sarah Kaplan, Chicago Tribune
	* 2016 Oct 26 [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/protein-found-hookworm-soup-could-fight-asthma-other-autoimmune-diseases Protein found in hookworm ‘soup’ could fight asthma, other autoimmune diseases] - Jennifer Couzin-Frankel, ~~AAAS~~		* 2016 Oct 26 [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/protein-found-hookworm-soup-could-fight-asthma-other-autoimmune-diseases Protein found in hookworm ‘soup’ could fight asthma, other autoimmune diseases] - Jennifer Couzin-Frankel, Science
	* 2016 Oct 6 [http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/nights/audio/201819018/hookworms-to-treat-coeliac-disease Hookworms to treat coeliac disease?] - Includes a linked podcast from Nights, Radio New Zealand		* 2016 Oct 6 [http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/nights/audio/201819018/hookworms-to-treat-coeliac-disease Hookworms to treat coeliac disease?] - Includes a linked podcast from Nights, Radio New Zealand
	* 2016 Sept 28 [https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/how-parasites-are-used-in-modern-medicine/ How Parasites Are Used in Modern Medicine] - Philip Perry, The Big Think		* 2016 Sept 28 [https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/how-parasites-are-used-in-modern-medicine/ How Parasites Are Used in Modern Medicine] - Philip Perry, The Big Think

Helminthic therapy and allergy

Jlm — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 17:04:45 GMT

Media Coverage

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 24 April 2026
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	* 2015 Oct 29 [http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/44372/title/An-Evolutionary-Basis-for-Allergies/ An Evolutionary Basis for Allergies] - Karen Zusi, The Scientist		* 2015 Oct 29 [http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/44372/title/An-Evolutionary-Basis-for-Allergies/ An Evolutionary Basis for Allergies] - Karen Zusi, The Scientist
	* 2015 Jul 9 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmG27XasIB4 The Science of Hay Fever... Are Parasitic Worms The Cure?] - Kate Mulcahy, The Royal Institution. Youtube		* 2015 Jul 9 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmG27XasIB4 The Science of Hay Fever... Are Parasitic Worms The Cure?] - Kate Mulcahy, The Royal Institution. Youtube
			* 2015 Jun 3 [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/can-hookworms-cure-hayfever-180955516/ Can Hookworms Cure Hayfever?] - Helen Thompson, Smithsonian Magazine
	* 2015 Mar 23 [http://dralexrinehart.com/lifestyle-benefits/hygiene-hypothesis-hookworm-infections-autoimmune-and-allergic-disease/ Parasitic Hookworm Infections and Autoimmune and Allergic Disease] - Dr Alexander Rinehart		* 2015 Mar 23 [http://dralexrinehart.com/lifestyle-benefits/hygiene-hypothesis-hookworm-infections-autoimmune-and-allergic-disease/ Parasitic Hookworm Infections and Autoimmune and Allergic Disease] - Dr Alexander Rinehart
	* 2013 Dec 1 [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/dec/01/extreme-science-hookworms-james-logan Extreme science: diet of hookworms to tackle a bread allergy] - Josh Davis, The Guardian		* 2013 Dec 1 [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/dec/01/extreme-science-hookworms-james-logan Extreme science: diet of hookworms to tackle a bread allergy] - Josh Davis, The Guardian

Helminthic therapy in the media

Jlm — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 17:04:02 GMT

Articles

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 24 April 2026
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	* 2015 Jul 16 [http://motherboard.vice.com/read/parasites-by-post-the-online-black-market-for-therapeutic-worms?utm_source=mbtwitter Parasites by Post: The Online Black Market for Therapeutic Worms] - Daniel Viola, Motherboard		* 2015 Jul 16 [http://motherboard.vice.com/read/parasites-by-post-the-online-black-market-for-therapeutic-worms?utm_source=mbtwitter Parasites by Post: The Online Black Market for Therapeutic Worms] - Daniel Viola, Motherboard
	* 2015 Jun 23 [https://www.listland.com/top-10-facts-about-hookworms-and-autoimmune-disease/ Top 10 Facts about Hookworms and Autoimmune Disease] - Dave Anderson, Listland		* 2015 Jun 23 [https://www.listland.com/top-10-facts-about-hookworms-and-autoimmune-disease/ Top 10 Facts about Hookworms and Autoimmune Disease] - Dave Anderson, Listland
			* 2015 Jun 3 [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/can-hookworms-cure-hayfever-180955516/ Can Hookworms Cure Hayfever?] - Helen Thompson, Smithsonian Magazine
	* 2015 May 31 [http://theprepperpages.com/should-preppers-eat-parasites/ Can Eating Worms Help Treat Allergies & Autoimmune Diseases?] - Ryan Chamberlin, The Prepper Pages		* 2015 May 31 [http://theprepperpages.com/should-preppers-eat-parasites/ Can Eating Worms Help Treat Allergies & Autoimmune Diseases?] - Ryan Chamberlin, The Prepper Pages
	* 2015 May 29 [http://www.yourwildlife.org/2015/05/ecological-medicine-can-parasitic-worms-cure-us-of-our-modern-pandemics/ Ecological Medicine: Can intestinal worms cure us of our modern pandemics?] - Rob Dunn, Your Wild Life		* 2015 May 29 [http://www.yourwildlife.org/2015/05/ecological-medicine-can-parasitic-worms-cure-us-of-our-modern-pandemics/ Ecological Medicine: Can intestinal worms cure us of our modern pandemics?] - Rob Dunn, Your Wild Life

Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS

Jlm — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 14:48:22 GMT

The scientific evidence

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 24 April 2026
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	* 2025 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41057909/ Development and validation of blood-based diagnostic biomarkers for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) using EpiSwitch® 3-dimensional genomic regulatory immuno-genetic profiling] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12506310/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12506310/pdf/12967_2025_Article_7203.pdf PDF]		* 2025 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41057909/ Development and validation of blood-based diagnostic biomarkers for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) using EpiSwitch® 3-dimensional genomic regulatory immuno-genetic profiling] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12506310/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12506310/pdf/12967_2025_Article_7203.pdf PDF]

	See also [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Gulf War Illness \| '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Gulf War Illness]]		See also
			* [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Gulf War Illness \| '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Gulf War Illness]]
			* [[Helminthic therapy and COVID-19#Scientific papers about Long COVID \| '''Helminthic therapy and COVID-19: Scientific papers about Long COVID]]

	== Helminths effective against ME/CFS ==		== Helminths effective against ME/CFS ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:05, 27 April 2026
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	* 2019 Nov 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31727141/ Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6857240/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6857240/pdf/13071_2019_Article_3786.pdf PDF]		* 2019 Nov 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31727141/ Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6857240/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6857240/pdf/13071_2019_Article_3786.pdf PDF]

	* 2019 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30919955/ Recruitment of hepatic macrophages from monocytes is independent of IL-4Rα but is associated with ablation of resident macrophages in schistosomiasis] (Comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31267552/ Macrophages assemble! But do they need IL-4R during schistosomiasis?]		* 2019 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30919955/ Recruitment of hepatic macrophages from monocytes is independent of IL-4Rα but is associated with ablation of resident macrophages in schistosomiasis] (Comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31267552/ Macrophages assemble! But do they need IL-4R during schistosomiasis?])

	* 2019 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31126996/ RELMα-expressing macrophages protect against fatal lung damage and reduce parasite burden during helminth infection]		* 2019 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31126996/ RELMα-expressing macrophages protect against fatal lung damage and reduce parasite burden during helminth infection]
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	* 2018 Dec [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/vm40xv00b Dissecting mechanisms of T follicular helper cell and T helper type 2 cell differentiation during parasitic helminth infection] (Thesis, McGill)		* 2018 Dec [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/vm40xv00b Dissecting mechanisms of T follicular helper cell and T helper type 2 cell differentiation during parasitic helminth infection] (Thesis, McGill)

			* 2017 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28533444/ T Follicular Helper Cell-Derived IL-4 Is Required for IgE Production during Intestinal Helminth Infection]

	* 2016 Jun 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27266984/ T follicular helper cells in patients with acute schistosomiasis]		* 2016 Jun 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27266984/ T follicular helper cells in patients with acute schistosomiasis]
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	* 2021 Nov 29 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/characterising-the-peritoneal-and-hepatic-response-to-enteric-nem/ Characterising the peritoneal and hepatic response to enteric nematode infection] (Thesis, Manchester)		* 2021 Nov 29 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/characterising-the-peritoneal-and-hepatic-response-to-enteric-nem/ Characterising the peritoneal and hepatic response to enteric nematode infection] (Thesis, Manchester)
	* 2020 Sept 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117327/ The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/ Full text] \| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/pdf/fimmu-11-01830.pdf PDF]		* 2020 Sept 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117327/ The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/ Full text] \| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/pdf/fimmu-11-01830.pdf PDF]
	* 2019 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30919955/ Recruitment of hepatic macrophages from monocytes is independent of IL-4Rα but is associated with ablation of resident macrophages in schistosomiasis] (Comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31267552/ Macrophages assemble! But do they need IL-4R during schistosomiasis?]		* 2019 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30919955/ Recruitment of hepatic macrophages from monocytes is independent of IL-4Rα but is associated with ablation of resident macrophages in schistosomiasis] (Comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31267552/ Macrophages assemble! But do they need IL-4R during schistosomiasis?])
	* 2019 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30500088/ IL-4Rα-expressing CD11c+ cells contribute to driving optimal cellular responses during Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice]		* 2019 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30500088/ IL-4Rα-expressing CD11c+ cells contribute to driving optimal cellular responses during Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice]
	* 2018 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30379806 The Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population requires IL-4Rα signaling to control inflammation during helminth infections]		* 2018 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30379806 The Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population requires IL-4Rα signaling to control inflammation during helminth infections]
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	* 2018 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30238872/ Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion]		* 2018 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30238872/ Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion]
	* 2018 Jun [http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29830 The control of Foxp3+ regulatory T cell by interleukin-4 receptor alpha-mediated signaling] (Thesis, Cape Town)		* 2018 Jun [http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29830 The control of Foxp3+ regulatory T cell by interleukin-4 receptor alpha-mediated signaling] (Thesis, Cape Town)
	* 2017 ~~Jun 5~~ [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/~~28507062~~/ Interleukin 4 promotes the development of ex-Foxp3 Th2 cells during immunity to intestinal helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5460998/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5460998/pdf/JEM_20161104.pdf PDF]		* 2017 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28533444/ T Follicular Helper Cell-Derived IL-4 Is Required for IgE Production during Intestinal Helminth Infection]
	* 2017 Apr 3 [https://open.uct.ac.za/items/1a2bd861-2dfd-456d-aa99-~~2c2fc48505fd Investigating the role of~~ IL-4~~/IL-13 signalling through the IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) on keratinocytes in murine models of Leishmania major and Schistosoma mansoni~~] ~~(Thesis, Cape Town)~~
	* 2017 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28094779 Suppression of colitis by adoptive transfer of helminth antigen-treated dendritic cells requires interleukin-4 receptor-α signaling] -- [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40631 Full text] \| [http://readcube.com/view/10.1038/srep40631 PDF]		* 2017 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28094779 Suppression of colitis by adoptive transfer of helminth antigen-treated dendritic cells requires interleukin-4 receptor-α signaling] -- [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40631 Full text] \| [http://readcube.com/view/10.1038/srep40631 PDF]
	* 2017 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28651009/ Interleukin-4 receptor alpha is still required after Th2 polarization for the maintenance and the recall of protective immunity to Nematode infection]		* 2017 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28651009/ Interleukin-4 receptor alpha is still required after Th2 polarization for the maintenance and the recall of protective immunity to Nematode infection]
	* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495875/ Macrophage function in tissue repair and remodeling requires IL-4 or IL-13 with apoptotic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/pdf/nihms892778.pdf PDF] (Science)		* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495875/ Macrophage function in tissue repair and remodeling requires IL-4 or IL-13 with apoptotic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/pdf/nihms892778.pdf PDF] (Science)
	* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495878/ Local amplifiers of IL-4Rα-mediated macrophage activation promote repair in lung and liver] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5737834/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5737834/pdf/emss-75266.pdf PDF] (Science)		* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495878/ Local amplifiers of IL-4Rα-mediated macrophage activation promote repair in lung and liver] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5737834/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5737834/pdf/emss-75266.pdf PDF] (Science)
			* 2017 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28507062/ Interleukin 4 promotes the development of ex-Foxp3 Th2 cells during immunity to intestinal helminths]
			* 2017 Apr 3 [https://open.uct.ac.za/items/1a2bd861-2dfd-456d-aa99-2c2fc48505fd Investigating the role of IL-4/IL-13 signalling through the IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) on keratinocytes in murine models of Leishmania major and Schistosoma mansoni] (Thesis, Cape Town)
	* 2017 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Can_a_gut_helminth_parasite_influence_Th2_inflammatory_responses_in_the_skin_/17059865?file=31547111 Can a gut helminth parasite influence Th2 inflammatory responses in the skin?] (Master, Malaghan)		* 2017 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Can_a_gut_helminth_parasite_influence_Th2_inflammatory_responses_in_the_skin_/17059865?file=31547111 Can a gut helminth parasite influence Th2 inflammatory responses in the skin?] (Master, Malaghan)
	* 2016 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26883724/ IL-4-producing ILC2s are required for the differentiation of TH2 cells following Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5257265/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5257265/pdf/emss-71055.pdf PDF]		* 2016 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26883724/ IL-4-producing ILC2s are required for the differentiation of TH2 cells following Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5257265/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5257265/pdf/emss-71055.pdf PDF]