Helminthic Therapy wiki - Recent changes [en]

Helminthic therapy FAQ

John — Sun, 14 Jun 2026 23:12:39 GMT

How long does it take to see benefits?

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	Helminthic therapy is typically very slow to deliver benefits when compared with drugs. For the majority who respond to treatment with hookworms, consistent improvements do not usually materialise until at least 3 months after their first inoculation, with most people only seeing improvement in their condition between 3 and 5 months. Some may only start to improve between 6 and 12 months and a few may even have to wait for as long as 18-24 months. Response to the non-human helminths, TSO and HDC, is usually more rapid.		Helminthic therapy is typically very slow to deliver benefits when compared with drugs. For the majority who respond to treatment with hookworms, consistent improvements do not usually materialise until at least 3 months after their first inoculation, with most people only seeing improvement in their condition between 3 and 5 months. Some may only start to improve between 6 and 12 months and a few may even have to wait for as long as 18-24 months. Response to the non-human helminths, TSO and HDC, is usually more rapid.

	Once improvements do begin, some people can experience a sudden and dramatic reduction in symptoms while others may respond more gradually over a period of time, possibly three years or more. Improvements during the first 2 years are not always continuous because there can be periods of exacerbation during which symptoms may worsen again, albeit temporarily.		Once improvements do begin, some people can experience a sudden and dramatic reduction in symptoms while others may respond more gradually over a period of time, possibly three years or more.

			{{Quote\|indent}}It took years for NA to fully fix my grass allergy but I started the therapy while super sick. Now, I have 0 grass allergy and can mow grass and use a blower with 0 problems. But it took years to get to that point for me. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/27078931311736134/?comment_id=27079142081715057]{{Quote\|/indent}}<!--JT-->

			Improvements during the first 2 years are not always continuous because there can be periods of exacerbation during which symptoms may worsen again, albeit temporarily.

	Helminthic therapy is not a one-size-fits-all solution, nor a one dose fix. Dosing needs to be tailored to the unique needs of each individual, and continued indefinitely in the vast majority of cases.		Helminthic therapy is not a one-size-fits-all solution, nor a one dose fix. Dosing needs to be tailored to the unique needs of each individual, and continued indefinitely in the vast majority of cases.

Terminating a helminth infection

John — Sun, 14 Jun 2026 22:58:20 GMT

Terminating a human hookworm (NA) infection

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	{{Quote\|indent}}Ethanolic Pomegranate peel extract at 0,25ml/kg is relatively safe for the gut microbiome and coming close to the efficacy of albendazole. I would repeat after a week. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6041222269267011/?comment_id=6052100451512526]{{Quote\|/indent}}		{{Quote\|indent}}Ethanolic Pomegranate peel extract at 0,25ml/kg is relatively safe for the gut microbiome and coming close to the efficacy of albendazole. I would repeat after a week. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6041222269267011/?comment_id=6052100451512526]{{Quote\|/indent}}

	~~===~~The timing of re-dosing with ~~hookworms===~~		Also see [[Terminating a helminth infection#The timing of re-dosing with therapeutic helminths \|'''The timing of re-dosing with therapeutic helminths''']], below.

	~~There may be some advantage in allowing a period of time for the host’s immune system to resettle after the termination of a hookworm colony, but no specific reason to do this has been suggested.~~ The ~~biological half-life~~ of ~~albendazole and mebendazole is only 8~~-~~12 hours and 3-6 hours respectively, and the quantity of a drug remaining in the body gradually diminishes during a period of around 5.5 times its half-life~~, ~~so it should be safe to reinoculate 48 hours after completing a course of anthelmintic treatment~~.

	==Terminating a human whipworm (TT) infection==		==Terminating a human whipworm (TT) infection==
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	Since the porcine whipworm, trichuris suis, only survives in humans for approximately 2-3 weeks, there is little need to deliberately terminate a TS infection. If it were necessary, Wikipedia suggests that this species can be terminated with medicines such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doramectin doramectin], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin ivermectin] and febantel.		Since the porcine whipworm, trichuris suis, only survives in humans for approximately 2-3 weeks, there is little need to deliberately terminate a TS infection. If it were necessary, Wikipedia suggests that this species can be terminated with medicines such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doramectin doramectin], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin ivermectin] and febantel.

			==The timing of re-dosing with therapeutic helminths==

			There may be some advantage in allowing a period of time for the host’s immune system to resettle after the termination of a helminth colony, but no specific reason to do this has been suggested. The biological half-life of anthelmintic drugs varies, with that of albendazole and mebendazole being only 8-12 hours and 3-6 hours respectively. The quantity of a drug remaining in the body then gradually diminishes during a period of around 5.5 times its half-life. It should therefore be safe to reinoculate 48 hours after taking a course of one of these drugs.

	==Terminating suspected pathogenic helminths==		==Terminating suspected pathogenic helminths==
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	If an individual believes that their health is being adversely affected by a pathogenic helminth, they should determine exactly which organism this is by having a DNA [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] stool analysis carried out. This can be ordered internationally online from [https://www.diagnosticsolutionslab.com/tests/pathogens-panel-stool Diagnostic Solutions] in Atlanta Georgia, US.		If an individual believes that their health is being adversely affected by a pathogenic helminth, they should determine exactly which organism this is by having a DNA [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] stool analysis carried out. This can be ordered internationally online from [https://www.diagnosticsolutionslab.com/tests/pathogens-panel-stool Diagnostic Solutions] in Atlanta Georgia, US.

	If this test proves positive, the individual should seek treatment using ~~whatever~~ specific drug has been found to be most likely to successfully eradicate that particular organism. This can be checked on the [https://www.cdc.gov US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) website]. This course of action is preferable to using a "parasite cleanse", which can do more harm than good by causing indiscriminate damage to the biome and upsetting the microbiological equilibrium. See [[media:Why_a_parasite_cleanse_can_make_you_worse.pdf \| '''Why a parasite cleanse can make you worse''']].		If this test proves positive, the individual should seek treatment using whichever specific drug has been found to be most likely to successfully eradicate that particular organism. This can be checked on the [https://www.cdc.gov US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) website]. This course of action is preferable to using a "parasite cleanse", which can do more harm than good by causing indiscriminate damage to the biome and upsetting the microbiological equilibrium. See [[media:Why_a_parasite_cleanse_can_make_you_worse.pdf \| '''Why a parasite cleanse can make you worse''']].

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Sun, 14 Jun 2026 18:53:39 GMT

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)

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	* 2026 Mar 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41823333/ Fasciola hepatica-Derived Proteins Shield the Heart From Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Imbalance: Insights Relevant to the Hygiene Hypothesis]		* 2026 Mar 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41823333/ Fasciola hepatica-Derived Proteins Shield the Heart From Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Imbalance: Insights Relevant to the Hygiene Hypothesis]
	* 2024 Jun 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38988513/ The role of Nrf2 signaling in parasitic diseases and its therapeutic potential~~] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11233909/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11233909/pdf/main.pdf PDF~~]		* 2024 Jun 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38988513/ The role of Nrf2 signaling in parasitic diseases and its therapeutic potential]
	* 2021 Jun 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34249002/ Nrf2 Participates in M2 Polarization by Trichinella spiralis to Alleviate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice] -- [https://~~pmc~~.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/~~articles~~/~~PMC8261282/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8261282/pdf/fimmu~~-~~12-698494.pdf PDF~~]		* 2021 Jun 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34249002/ Nrf2 Participates in M2 Polarization by Trichinella spiralis to Alleviate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice]
			* 2020 May 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32466130/ Preliminary Trichinella spiralis Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response]

	=== Apoptosis ===		=== Apoptosis ===

Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases

Jlm — Sun, 14 Jun 2026 17:22:42 GMT

Helminths and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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	* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39112698/ ILC2-derived LIF licences progress from tissue to systemic immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11338826/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11338826/pdf/41586_2024_Article_7746.pdf] (Nature)		* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39112698/ ILC2-derived LIF licences progress from tissue to systemic immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11338826/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11338826/pdf/41586_2024_Article_7746.pdf] (Nature)

			* 2024 Jan-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38445660/ Shotgun metagenomics and systemic targeted metabolomics highlight indole-3-propionic acid as a protective gut microbial metabolite against influenza infection]

	* 2022 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35030033/ BATF promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated lung tissue protection during acute respiratory virus infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9005262/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9005262/pdf/nihms-1792915.pdf Full text]		* 2022 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35030033/ BATF promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated lung tissue protection during acute respiratory virus infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9005262/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9005262/pdf/nihms-1792915.pdf Full text]
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	===Helminths and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)===		===Helminths and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)===

	* 2026 ~~May 6~~ [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42097143/ Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity] (also see conference 2026 Feb 17 [https://resvinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RSVVW26-Abstract-Booklet.pdf Maternal Helminths Rewire the Microbiota to Promote Offspring Antiviral Immunity via Indole-3-Propionic Acid], Medscape 2026 Mar 23 [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/parasitic-worms-provide-insights-rsv-prevention-2026a10008ob?form=fpf Parasitic Worms Provide Insights on RSV Prevention], Conference 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1609/8329627 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota], Interview 2025 Sep 29 [https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2025/09/29/a-small-worm-offers-big-clues-about-the-human-immune-system A Small Worm Offers Big Clues About the Human Immune System])		* 2026 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42097143/ Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity] (also see conference 2026 Feb 17 [https://resvinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RSVVW26-Abstract-Booklet.pdf Maternal Helminths Rewire the Microbiota to Promote Offspring Antiviral Immunity via Indole-3-Propionic Acid], Medscape 2026 Mar 23 [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/parasitic-worms-provide-insights-rsv-prevention-2026a10008ob?form=fpf Parasitic Worms Provide Insights on RSV Prevention], Conference 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1609/8329627 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota], Interview 2025 Sep 29 [https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2025/09/29/a-small-worm-offers-big-clues-about-the-human-immune-system A Small Worm Offers Big Clues About the Human Immune System])
	:{{Quote\|indent}}We saw that the exposed offspring were protected against both RSV and influenza. Specifically, we found that this helminth infection in the mother transforms the epithelial cells that line the baby’s lungs. These cells protect against viruses by producing a powerful antiviral protein that we didn’t see in our control group.{{Quote\|/indent}}		:{{Quote\|indent}}We saw that the exposed offspring were protected against both RSV and influenza. Specifically, we found that this helminth infection in the mother transforms the epithelial cells that line the baby’s lungs. These cells protect against viruses by producing a powerful antiviral protein that we didn’t see in our control group.{{Quote\|/indent}}

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	* 2025 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40454563/ ILC2 Diversity, Location, and Function in Pulmonary Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12128188/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12128188/pdf/IMR-332-0.pdf PDF]		* 2025 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40454563/ ILC2 Diversity, Location, and Function in Pulmonary Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12128188/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12128188/pdf/IMR-332-0.pdf PDF]

			* 2022 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35220042/ Short-chain fatty acid acetate triggers antiviral response mediated by RIG-I in cells from infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis]

			* 2021 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34613328/ Maternal gut microbiome regulates immunity to RSV infection in offspring]

	===Helminths and adenovirus===		===Helminths and adenovirus===

Helminthic therapy research

Jlm — Sun, 14 Jun 2026 08:19:16 GMT

2026

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	===2026===		===2026===

			* 2026 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42097143/ Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity] (also see conference 2026 Feb 17 [https://resvinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RSVVW26-Abstract-Booklet.pdf Maternal Helminths Rewire the Microbiota to Promote Offspring Antiviral Immunity via Indole-3-Propionic Acid], Medscape 2026 Mar 23 [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/parasitic-worms-provide-insights-rsv-prevention-2026a10008ob?form=fpf Parasitic Worms Provide Insights on RSV Prevention], Conference 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1609/8329627 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota], Interview 2025 Sep 29 [https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2025/09/29/a-small-worm-offers-big-clues-about-the-human-immune-system A Small Worm Offers Big Clues About the Human Immune System])
	* 2026 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42247418/ Fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory products attenuate demyelination and reduce neuroinflammation in the Cuprizone -induced multiple sclerosis model] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0349675 Full text]		* 2026 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42247418/ Fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory products attenuate demyelination and reduce neuroinflammation in the Cuprizone -induced multiple sclerosis model] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0349675 Full text]
	* 2026 Jun 5 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1793641/abstract Restoring Balance in Atopic Disorders: Insights into Type 2 Immunity and Chronic Inflammation] ("This article was funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc")		* 2026 Jun 5 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1793641/abstract Restoring Balance in Atopic Disorders: Insights into Type 2 Immunity and Chronic Inflammation] ("This article was funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc")
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	* 2026 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42142639/ Ecological and Biomedical Functions of Parasitofauna: Mechanistic and Evolutionary Perspectives]		* 2026 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42142639/ Ecological and Biomedical Functions of Parasitofauna: Mechanistic and Evolutionary Perspectives]
	* 2026 May 7 [https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202605.0276 Autoimmune Diseases in the Interpretation of Evolutionary Medicine] (Preprint)		* 2026 May 7 [https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202605.0276 Autoimmune Diseases in the Interpretation of Evolutionary Medicine] (Preprint)
	* 2026 May 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42097143/ Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity] (also see conference 2026 Feb 17 [https://resvinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RSVVW26-Abstract-Booklet.pdf Maternal Helminths Rewire the Microbiota to Promote Offspring Antiviral Immunity via Indole-3-Propionic Acid], Medscape 2026 Mar 23 [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/parasitic-worms-provide-insights-rsv-prevention-2026a10008ob?form=fpf Parasitic Worms Provide Insights on RSV Prevention], Conference 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1609/8329627 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota], Interview 2025 Sep 29 [https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2025/09/29/a-small-worm-offers-big-clues-about-the-human-immune-system A Small Worm Offers Big Clues About the Human Immune System])
	* 2026 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42123653/ Intermittent Administration of Helminth-Derived Fh15 Modulates Gut Microbiota and Partially Mitigates Dysbiosis in Early Stages of Severe Experimental Colitis]		* 2026 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42123653/ Intermittent Administration of Helminth-Derived Fh15 Modulates Gut Microbiota and Partially Mitigates Dysbiosis in Early Stages of Severe Experimental Colitis]
	* 2026 May [https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/items/f319c9de-bcc9-4dce-8ad5-5bfcb587dd9f Host-helminth-microbiome interactions: infection with Hymenolepis diminuta and the regulation of colitis] (Thesis, Calgary)		* 2026 May [https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/items/f319c9de-bcc9-4dce-8ad5-5bfcb587dd9f Host-helminth-microbiome interactions: infection with Hymenolepis diminuta and the regulation of colitis] (Thesis, Calgary)

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Sun, 14 Jun 2026 08:18:41 GMT

Maternal impact

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	== Maternal impact ==		== Maternal impact ==

	* 2026 ~~May 6~~ [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42097143/ Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity] (also see conference 2026 Feb 17 [https://resvinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RSVVW26-Abstract-Booklet.pdf Maternal Helminths Rewire the Microbiota to Promote Offspring Antiviral Immunity via Indole-3-Propionic Acid], Medscape 2026 Mar 23 [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/parasitic-worms-provide-insights-rsv-prevention-2026a10008ob?form=fpf Parasitic Worms Provide Insights on RSV Prevention], Conference 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1609/8329627 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota], Interview 2025 Sep 29 [https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2025/09/29/a-small-worm-offers-big-clues-about-the-human-immune-system A Small Worm Offers Big Clues About the Human Immune System])		* 2026 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42097143/ Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity] (also see conference 2026 Feb 17 [https://resvinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RSVVW26-Abstract-Booklet.pdf Maternal Helminths Rewire the Microbiota to Promote Offspring Antiviral Immunity via Indole-3-Propionic Acid], Medscape 2026 Mar 23 [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/parasitic-worms-provide-insights-rsv-prevention-2026a10008ob?form=fpf Parasitic Worms Provide Insights on RSV Prevention], Conference 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1609/8329627 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota], Interview 2025 Sep 29 [https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2025/09/29/a-small-worm-offers-big-clues-about-the-human-immune-system A Small Worm Offers Big Clues About the Human Immune System])

	* 2026 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41538570/ Allergic airway inflammation of offspring mice is suppressed by breast milk from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mothers]		* 2026 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41538570/ Allergic airway inflammation of offspring mice is suppressed by breast milk from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mothers]

Helminthic therapy and skin conditions

John — Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:56:44 GMT

Hidradenitis suppurativa

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	[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidradenitis_suppurativa Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)], sometimes known as acne inversa or Verneuil's disease, is a long-term dermatological condition characterized by the occurrence of inflamed and swollen lumps.		[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidradenitis_suppurativa Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)], sometimes known as acne inversa or Verneuil's disease, is a long-term dermatological condition characterized by the occurrence of inflamed and swollen lumps.

	Given the underlying mechanisms and existing treatments, helminthic therapy should be ~~an interesting~~ avenue to explore.		Given the underlying mechanisms and existing treatments, helminthic therapy should be a productive avenue to explore.

	== Pemphigus ==		== Pemphigus ==

Helminthic therapy and food intolerance

John — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 18:12:42 GMT

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	\|keywords=		\|keywords=
	\|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}		\|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}
	~~See [[Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) \| '''Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)''']] for scientific studies and more testimonials.~~

	== Food intolerance ==		== Food intolerance ==

	Food intolerance produces adverse reactions, often delayed, to foods, beverages, food additives and other compounds found in foods that produce symptoms in one or more body systems or organs, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy. The term, "food hypersensitivity" is used to refer broadly to both food intolerance and food allergy. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25471897/]		[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_intolerance Food intolerance] produces adverse reactions, often delayed, to foods, beverages, food additives and other compounds found in foods that produce symptoms in one or more body systems or organs, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy. The term, "food hypersensitivity" is used to refer broadly to both food intolerance and food allergy. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25471897/]

	Food intolerance can be the result of an absence of specific chemicals or enzymes needed to digest a food substance, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_fructose_intolerance hereditary fructose intolerance]. It may also be a result of an abnormality in the body's ability to absorb nutrients, as occurs in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose_malabsorption fructose malabsorption], and food intolerance reactions can be triggered by naturally occurring chemicals in foods, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylate_sensitivity salicylate sensitivity]. Drugs sourced from plants, such as aspirin, can also cause these kinds of reactions.		Food intolerance can be the result of an absence of specific chemicals or enzymes needed to digest a food substance, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_fructose_intolerance hereditary fructose intolerance]. It may also be a result of an abnormality in the body's ability to absorb nutrients, as occurs in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose_malabsorption fructose malabsorption], and food intolerance reactions can be triggered by naturally occurring chemicals in foods, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylate_sensitivity salicylate sensitivity]. Drugs sourced from plants, such as aspirin, can also cause these kinds of reactions.

	For much more detail about food intolerance, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, management and prevention, see the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_intolerance Wikipedia page about this condition].		For much more detail about food intolerance, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, management and prevention, see the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_intolerance Wikipedia page about this condition].

			Also see [[Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) \| '''Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)''']] for scientific studies and more testimonials.

	=== Food intolerance: the anecdotal evidence ===		=== Food intolerance: the anecdotal evidence ===

Helminthic therapy and type 1 diabetes (T1D)

Jlm — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 17:57:44 GMT

Personal experiences

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	{{Quote\|indent}}We started to notice high blood glucose (BG 250) in our 9 year-old in early Nov of 2012, and when we went to the endo on 20th of that month, we were given a 6-12 month projection for insulin dependence and had autoantibodies measured. The results came back significantly positive for GAD65 and IAA... About 2 days before our 6 month check up in mid Aug 2013 we went out for sushi and had ice cream afterwards. Post Prandial was 111. The Post Prandial should be below 180 to not be considered diabetic, but below 140 is more in the normal range. We were dumbfounded because, a while back, this PP would have been near the 160-180 mark if not higher. We were also not being as strict with diet and sleep, when we saw the endo, as it was summer, and we still need to be a kid! ;-) However, I really was thinking that the A1C would be at least 6.0, but it wasn't. It was 5.5... Currently we have 70HW on board and will be dosing with another 30 or so to get to the 100 mark. (Link expired){{Quote\|/indent}}		{{Quote\|indent}}We started to notice high blood glucose (BG 250) in our 9 year-old in early Nov of 2012, and when we went to the endo on 20th of that month, we were given a 6-12 month projection for insulin dependence and had autoantibodies measured. The results came back significantly positive for GAD65 and IAA... About 2 days before our 6 month check up in mid Aug 2013 we went out for sushi and had ice cream afterwards. Post Prandial was 111. The Post Prandial should be below 180 to not be considered diabetic, but below 140 is more in the normal range. We were dumbfounded because, a while back, this PP would have been near the 160-180 mark if not higher. We were also not being as strict with diet and sleep, when we saw the endo, as it was summer, and we still need to be a kid! ;-) However, I really was thinking that the A1C would be at least 6.0, but it wasn't. It was 5.5... Currently we have 70HW on board and will be dosing with another 30 or so to get to the 100 mark. (Link expired){{Quote\|/indent}}

	{{Quote\|indent}}My 9yo son now has 70 HW, as our effort to head off pre-diabetes. His labs show his Triiodothyronine (T3) has gone from 181 to 136 with the helminths… His hemoglobin was called "high" before helminths at 5.8... Now it's 5.7. (Reported at 10 months after the first inoculation.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/886469608075662/]{{Quote\|		{{Quote\|indent}}My 9yo son now has 70 HW, as our effort to head off pre-diabetes. His labs show his Triiodothyronine (T3) has gone from 181 to 136 with the helminths… His hemoglobin was called "high" before helminths at 5.8... Now it's 5.7. (Reported at 10 months after the first inoculation.) (FB, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/886469608075662/ Sep 2015]){{Quote\|
	/indent}}		/indent}}

	{{Quote\|indent}}I have a son who was tested positive for type 1 diabetes autoantibodies (ICA,GADA IAA,IA2A) at the age of 8 months. We have been told that he will almost certainly develop diabetes sooner or later. He had his first HW when he was 2 years old (3 years ago). Since then his B-HbA1C (glycosylated haemoglobin) has gradually come down from 5.7 to 5.0. Also two out of four autoantibodies have disappeared. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/886469608075662/?comment_id=886561801399776&offset=0&total_comments=5&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] (For more about this case, see [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/886469608075662/?comment_id=5492472724141971 this and subsequent posts].){{Quote\|/indent}}		{{Quote\|indent}}I have a son who was tested positive for type 1 diabetes autoantibodies (ICA,GADA IAA,IA2A) at the age of 8 months. We have been told that he will almost certainly develop diabetes sooner or later. He had his first HW when he was 2 years old (3 years ago). Since then his B-HbA1C (glycosylated haemoglobin) has gradually come down from 5.7 to 5.0. Also two out of four autoantibodies have disappeared. (FB, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/886469608075662/?comment_id=886561801399776&offset=0&total_comments=5&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D Sep 2015], For more about this case, see [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/886469608075662/?comment_id=5492472724141971 this and subsequent posts, Aug 2022].){{Quote\|/indent}}

	{{Quote\|indent}}I am 60+ male who developed LADA (latent auto-immune diabetes in adults - sometimes called Type 1.5) out of the blue appx 20+ years ago. It gradually evolved to becoming insulin dependent. Nov. 2014 (13 months ago), all was going pretty well until I developed flu-like symptoms… Small doses of ibuprofen kept the pain at bay, but overall health continued to deteriorate… Then came the periodic double vision and ocular aches. January 31st, I started losing vision in one eye for 10 minutes at a time… My CRP was 165 and Sed Rate was 67. Oops! Neural ophthalmologist and Rheumatology Docs put me on high dose of Prednisone (60mg) to knock out the inflammation which had localized in the fat cells behind my eyes… by June the docs could not determine what caused this inflammatory outbreak. They ruled out everything and primarily ended up with a diagnosis of auto-immune disease with inflammation of unknown origin. Put me on 20mg weekly of Methotrexate (MTX) to replace the prednisone, but there was still some residual inflammation around my eyes. Rheumatologists wanted to put me on Rituximab… Still fatigued most of the time. My primary suggested HT as another approach. I began taking HDC at end of July. After 3 doses I was feeling much better and started reducing my doses of MTX… I increased doses to 60 ova biweekly in mid-October and have stayed at that dose. I weaned off MTX and stopped it entirely in mid-Nov. My inflammation markers are back to normal (CRP is 4.4; Sed Rate is 11) and I feel better than I have in 12 months… Ophthalmologist says everything looks ok and to only call if any symptoms return… My primary and I are both pleased with how HT is going. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/928017050587584/]{{Quote\|/indent}}		{{Quote\|indent}}I am 60+ male who developed LADA (latent auto-immune diabetes in adults - sometimes called Type 1.5) out of the blue appx 20+ years ago. It gradually evolved to becoming insulin dependent. Nov. 2014 (13 months ago), all was going pretty well until I developed flu-like symptoms… Small doses of ibuprofen kept the pain at bay, but overall health continued to deteriorate… Then came the periodic double vision and ocular aches. January 31st, I started losing vision in one eye for 10 minutes at a time… My CRP was 165 and Sed Rate was 67. Oops! Neural ophthalmologist and Rheumatology Docs put me on high dose of Prednisone (60mg) to knock out the inflammation which had localized in the fat cells behind my eyes… by June the docs could not determine what caused this inflammatory outbreak. They ruled out everything and primarily ended up with a diagnosis of auto-immune disease with inflammation of unknown origin. Put me on 20mg weekly of Methotrexate (MTX) to replace the prednisone, but there was still some residual inflammation around my eyes. Rheumatologists wanted to put me on Rituximab… Still fatigued most of the time. My primary suggested HT as another approach. I began taking HDC at end of July. After 3 doses I was feeling much better and started reducing my doses of MTX… I increased doses to 60 ova biweekly in mid-October and have stayed at that dose. I weaned off MTX and stopped it entirely in mid-Nov. My inflammation markers are back to normal (CRP is 4.4; Sed Rate is 11) and I feel better than I have in 12 months… Ophthalmologist says everything looks ok and to only call if any symptoms return… My primary and I are both pleased with how HT is going. (FB, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/928017050587584/ Dec 2015]){{Quote\|/indent}}

	{{Quote\|indent}}Treating T1 Diabetes with hookworms in a 10 year old male. Initial dose: 10 NA in 2016. From weeks 6 to 7, my son's blood sugar levels were extremely stable never going over 6.5, which is very rare for a diabetic. He had a few hypos mainly to do with putting in too much insulin, but we got down from 22 units of insulin per day to just 10/12. Hookworms were still helping at approximately 1 year, but his colony might have died soon after that, when I gave him oregano oil. After that happened, we saw worsening of blood sugars. We reinoculated with 10 NA and his BGs got better and better again. Most importantly, they were consistent with his diet... After those first two doses, my son decided not to continue dosing because of the initial discomfort, and he didn’t dose at all for the next 4 years, after which he resumed the treatment with a dose of 20 NA, which caused no major reactions. Now, the treatment seems to work for the first couple of weeks but doesn't last... We'll continue dosing as he is ok about it now, and perhaps he needs to have smaller doses but more often? (Edited from three posts: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993/?comment_id=1151303944925559]] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993/?comment_id=5226104084112171&reply_comment_id=5226964697359443].){{Quote\|/indent}}<!-- BB -->		{{Quote\|indent}}Treating T1 Diabetes with hookworms in a 10 year old male. Initial dose: 10 NA in 2016. From weeks 6 to 7, my son's blood sugar levels were extremely stable never going over 6.5, which is very rare for a diabetic. He had a few hypos mainly to do with putting in too much insulin, but we got down from 22 units of insulin per day to just 10/12. Hookworms were still helping at approximately 1 year, but his colony might have died soon after that, when I gave him oregano oil. After that happened, we saw worsening of blood sugars. We reinoculated with 10 NA and his BGs got better and better again. Most importantly, they were consistent with his diet... After those first two doses, my son decided not to continue dosing because of the initial discomfort, and he didn’t dose at all for the next 4 years, after which he resumed the treatment with a dose of 20 NA, which caused no major reactions. Now, the treatment seems to work for the first couple of weeks but doesn't last... We'll continue dosing as he is ok about it now, and perhaps he needs to have smaller doses but more often? (Edited from three posts : [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993 Jun 2016] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993/?comment_id=1151303944925559 Nov 2016]] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993/?comment_id=5226104084112171&reply_comment_id=5226964697359443 Aug 2022].){{Quote\|/indent}}<!-- BB -->

The effects of TTO on ulcerative colitis

Jlm — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 17:42:08 GMT

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	[[File:Colonoscopy images of an ulcerative colitis patient after 5 years with TTO.png]]		[[File:Colonoscopy images of an ulcerative colitis patient after 5 years with TTO.png]]

			{{Quote\|indent}}I use a combination of TTO and NA and have been in drug free remission for over 10 years. Once severe UC (...) I take 50 TTO ova about every 3 weeks and 25 NA once a year. Its where I started and it worked so I've just stayed with that program. I'm surprised more people don't use TTO. It's affordable and very effective. (FB, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/316009255121703/?multi_permalinks=8634679536587925 Jun 2026]){{Quote\|/indent}}

Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions

Jlm — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 08:06:45 GMT

Metabolic syndrome

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	* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40928582/ Inflammation in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: key roles and underlying mechanisms-a comprehensive review]		* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40928582/ Inflammation in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: key roles and underlying mechanisms-a comprehensive review]
			* 2020 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31987123/ The association between metabolic syndrome components, low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in non-diabetic Indonesian adolescent male]
	* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29137890/ Exposure to the fungicide propamocarb causes gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder in mice]		* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29137890/ Exposure to the fungicide propamocarb causes gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder in mice]

Helminthic therapy and type 2 diabetes (T2D)

Jlm — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 08:06:10 GMT

Scientific papers not directly related

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	:{{Quote\|indent}}Additionally, natural products targeting islet cell interactions are discussed as a therapeutic approach for T2DM, along with other personalized treatment options, including exosomes, '''parasitic therapy''', and dietary interventions{{Quote\|/indent}}		:{{Quote\|indent}}Additionally, natural products targeting islet cell interactions are discussed as a therapeutic approach for T2DM, along with other personalized treatment options, including exosomes, '''parasitic therapy''', and dietary interventions{{Quote\|/indent}}
	* 2022 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35292359/ IL-4 polarized human macrophage exosomes control cardiometabolic inflammation and diabetes in obesity]		* 2022 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35292359/ IL-4 polarized human macrophage exosomes control cardiometabolic inflammation and diabetes in obesity]
			* 2022 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35021057/ Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders]
	* 2021 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34489979/ Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Protectors in Type 2 Diabetes]		* 2021 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34489979/ Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Protectors in Type 2 Diabetes]
	* 2021 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34422045/ Peripheral Administration of NMU Promotes White Adipose Tissue Beiging and Improves Glucose Tolerance] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8373479/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8373479/pdf/IJE2021-6142096.pdf PDF]		* 2021 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34422045/ Peripheral Administration of NMU Promotes White Adipose Tissue Beiging and Improves Glucose Tolerance] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8373479/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8373479/pdf/IJE2021-6142096.pdf PDF]
			* 2020 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31987123/ The association between metabolic syndrome components, low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in non-diabetic Indonesian adolescent male]
	* 2019 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31451870/ The diabesity epidemic in the light of evolution: insights from the capacity-load model]		* 2019 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31451870/ The diabesity epidemic in the light of evolution: insights from the capacity-load model]
	* 2019 Jan 30 [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190130075731.htm Vitamin D could lower the risk of developing diabetes]		* 2019 Jan 30 [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190130075731.htm Vitamin D could lower the risk of developing diabetes]

Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions

Jlm — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 08:03:36 GMT

Obesity

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	* 2022 May 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35634348/ Heartbreakers or Healers? Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity]		* 2022 May 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35634348/ Heartbreakers or Healers? Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity]
	* 2022 Fev [https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/entities/publication/e563a420-4a78-4fb9-b220-b953dfb3b511 Regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells at barrier sites] (Thesis, Lisbon)		* 2022 Fev [https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/entities/publication/e563a420-4a78-4fb9-b220-b953dfb3b511 Regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells at barrier sites] (Thesis, Lisbon)
			* 2022 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35021057/ Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders]
	* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34408322/ Neuro-mesenchymal units control ILC2 and obesity via a brain-adipose circuit]		* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34408322/ Neuro-mesenchymal units control ILC2 and obesity via a brain-adipose circuit]
	* 2020 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32170879/ Unraveling the connection between eosinophils and obesity]		* 2020 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32170879/ Unraveling the connection between eosinophils and obesity]

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 08:00:58 GMT

NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain pathway (NLRPs)

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	=== NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain pathway (NLRPs) ===		=== NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain pathway (NLRPs) ===

	* 2025 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41256793/ Echinococcus granulosus antigen B ameliorates myocardial infarction through promoting M2 macrophage polarization~~] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12620417/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12620417/pdf/fcimb-15-1662758.pdf PDF~~]		* 2025 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41256793/ Echinococcus granulosus antigen B ameliorates myocardial infarction through promoting M2 macrophage polarization]
	* 2024 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38842647/ Endogenous innate sensor NLRP3 is a key component in peritoneal macrophage dynamics required for cestode establishment]		* 2024 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38842647/ Endogenous innate sensor NLRP3 is a key component in peritoneal macrophage dynamics required for cestode establishment]
	* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38922988/ Variants of NLRP3 Protein in Haemonchus contortus Infected Sheep: Impact on Immune Cell Responsiveness to LPS In Vitro]		* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38922988/ Variants of NLRP3 Protein in Haemonchus contortus Infected Sheep: Impact on Immune Cell Responsiveness to LPS In Vitro]
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	* 2023 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37122606/ Effect and mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis]		* 2023 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37122606/ Effect and mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis]
	* 2023 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/35b919e0-e2b9-4616-a662-fa2580f6922d El receptor NLRP3 promueve el crecimiento del cestodo Taenia crassiceps] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)		* 2023 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/35b919e0-e2b9-4616-a662-fa2580f6922d El receptor NLRP3 promueve el crecimiento del cestodo Taenia crassiceps] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)
	* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615773/ NLRP6 negatively regulates type 2 immune responses in mice~~] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.15388 Full text~~]		* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615773/ NLRP6 negatively regulates type 2 immune responses in mice]
	* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564937/ Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 plays a key role in the development of Th2 cell-mediated host defenses against Trichinella spiralis infection]		* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564937/ Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 plays a key role in the development of Th2 cell-mediated host defenses against Trichinella spiralis infection]
	* 2020 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32854770/ NLRP3 played a role in Trichinella spiralis-triggered Th2 and regulatory T cells response] -- [https://~~pmc~~.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/~~articles~~/~~PMC7457311/ Full text] \| [https~~:~~//pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7457311/pdf/13567_2020_Article_829.pdf PDF~~]		* 2021 Apr 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33558327/ Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Mediates the Elimination of Trichinella spiralis by Activating NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β Pathway in Macrophages]
			* 2020 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32854770/ NLRP3 played a role in Trichinella spiralis-triggered Th2 and regulatory T cells response]
			* 2020 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31753545/ Helminths Turning on the NLRP3 Inflammasome: Pros and Cons]
	* 2018 Sep 2 [https://helminthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2018-Hydra-Conference-Booklet.pdf Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the circRNA-miRNAs-mRNA axis] (Conference)		* 2018 Sep 2 [https://helminthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2018-Hydra-Conference-Booklet.pdf Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the circRNA-miRNAs-mRNA axis] (Conference)
	* 2018 Apr 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29694887/ The NLRP3 Inflammasome Suppresses Protective Immunity to Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection] (Book chapter of The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Attentive Arbiter of Inflammatory Response)		* 2018 Apr 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29694887/ The NLRP3 Inflammasome Suppresses Protective Immunity to Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection] (Book chapter of The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Attentive Arbiter of Inflammatory Response)

Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions

Jlm — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 21:21:54 GMT

Thrombosis

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:21, 12 June 2026
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	* 2020 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32368171/ Basic Coagulation Profiles and Platelet Count Among Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Adults Attending Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia]		* 2020 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32368171/ Basic Coagulation Profiles and Platelet Count Among Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Adults Attending Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia]
			* 2016 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26573180/ The impact of schistosomes and schistosomiasis on murine blood coagulation and fibrinolysis as determined by thromboelastography (TEG)]
	* 2012 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937487 Autoimmune diseases and venous thromboembolism: a review of the literature]		* 2012 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937487 Autoimmune diseases and venous thromboembolism: a review of the literature]

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 21:20:08 GMT

Other anticoagulant molecules

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:20, 12 June 2026
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	* 2022 Jan 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215099/ Schistosomes Impede ATP-Induced T Cell Apoptosis In Vitro: The Role of Ectoenzyme SmNPP5]		* 2022 Jan 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215099/ Schistosomes Impede ATP-Induced T Cell Apoptosis In Vitro: The Role of Ectoenzyme SmNPP5]
	* 2021 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34279684/ Management of cell death in parasitic infections]		* 2021 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34279684/ Management of cell death in parasitic infections]
			* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32441549/ The essential schistosome tegumental ectoenzyme SmNPP5 can block NAD-induced T cell apoptosis]
	* 2020 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32861680/ Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory/secretory products trigger apoptosis and S-phase arrest of the non-small-cell lung cancer line A549]		* 2020 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32861680/ Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory/secretory products trigger apoptosis and S-phase arrest of the non-small-cell lung cancer line A549]
	* 2020 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32349424/ The influence of selected gastrointestinal parasites on apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7277436/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7277436/pdf/biomolecules-10-00674.pdf PDF]		* 2020 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32349424/ The influence of selected gastrointestinal parasites on apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7277436/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7277436/pdf/biomolecules-10-00674.pdf PDF]
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	* 2018 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30212751/ Suppression of mouse miRNA-222-3p in response to Echinococcus multilocularis infection]		* 2018 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30212751/ Suppression of mouse miRNA-222-3p in response to Echinococcus multilocularis infection]

			* 2018 Feb 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29459722/ Vesicle-based secretion in schistosomes: Analysis of protein and microRNA (miRNA) content of exosome-like vesicles derived from Schistosoma mansoni]

	* 2017 Nov 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29145392/ Conservation of a microRNA cluster in parasitic nematodes and profiling of miRNAs in excretory-secretory products and microvesicles of Haemonchus contortus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5709059/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5709059/pdf/pntd.0006056.pdf PDF]		* 2017 Nov 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29145392/ Conservation of a microRNA cluster in parasitic nematodes and profiling of miRNAs in excretory-secretory products and microvesicles of Haemonchus contortus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5709059/ Full text] \| [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5709059/pdf/pntd.0006056.pdf PDF]
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	* 2018 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29760697 Hookworm Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Interact With Host Cells and Prevent Inducible Colitis in Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936971/ Full text] \| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936971/pdf/fimmu-09-00850.pdf PDF]		* 2018 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29760697 Hookworm Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Interact With Host Cells and Prevent Inducible Colitis in Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936971/ Full text] \| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936971/pdf/fimmu-09-00850.pdf PDF]
	* 2018 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29353519/ Extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths and their potential utility as vaccines]		* 2018 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29353519/ Extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths and their potential utility as vaccines]
			* 2018 Feb 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29459722/ Vesicle-based secretion in schistosomes: Analysis of protein and microRNA (miRNA) content of exosome-like vesicles derived from Schistosoma mansoni]
	* 2018 [https://www.proquest.com/openview/6e8c26d4bfc0c0bb9867b05601213b7b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2030046 Parasitic Worm EVs: From Vaccines to Anti-inflammatories]		* 2018 [https://www.proquest.com/openview/6e8c26d4bfc0c0bb9867b05601213b7b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2030046 Parasitic Worm EVs: From Vaccines to Anti-inflammatories]
	* 2017 Jul 7 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/770065b2-c8fa-4f82-b036-546f012b9d92 Characterisation of secreted exosomes from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus] (Thesis, Edinburgh)		* 2017 Jul 7 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/770065b2-c8fa-4f82-b036-546f012b9d92 Characterisation of secreted exosomes from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
Line 6,144:		Line 6,148:

	* 2017 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28983296/ Recombinant Trichinella pseudospiralis Serine Protease Inhibitors Alter Macrophage Polarization In Vitro]		* 2017 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28983296/ Recombinant Trichinella pseudospiralis Serine Protease Inhibitors Alter Macrophage Polarization In Vitro]

			* 2017 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31966571/ Schistosoma japonicum serine protease inhibitor increases endothelial barrier function]

	* 2017 [https://www.jsczz.cn/EN/Y2017/V35/I3/259 Identification and characterization of protease inhibition effect of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor 1(NaKuI1)from Necator americanus] (Chinese)		* 2017 [https://www.jsczz.cn/EN/Y2017/V35/I3/259 Identification and characterization of protease inhibition effect of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor 1(NaKuI1)from Necator americanus] (Chinese)
Line 6,182:		Line 6,188:

	* 2006 Jun 22 [https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/4719 Molecular cloning and characterization of serpins as potential immunomodulators] (Thesis, Freie Berlin, German)		* 2006 Jun 22 [https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/4719 Molecular cloning and characterization of serpins as potential immunomodulators] (Thesis, Freie Berlin, German)

			* 2005 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15946799/ Characterization of a novel vaccine candidate and serine proteinase inhibitor from Schistosoma japonicum (Sj serpin)]

	* 2004 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15039345/ Molecular characterization of Ancylostoma ceylanicum Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor: evidence for a role in hookworm-associated growth delay]		* 2004 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15039345/ Molecular characterization of Ancylostoma ceylanicum Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor: evidence for a role in hookworm-associated growth delay]
Line 7,602:		Line 7,610:

	* 2022 Jan 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215099/ Schistosomes Impede ATP-Induced T Cell Apoptosis In Vitro: The Role of Ectoenzyme SmNPP5]		* 2022 Jan 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215099/ Schistosomes Impede ATP-Induced T Cell Apoptosis In Vitro: The Role of Ectoenzyme SmNPP5]
			* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32441549/ The essential schistosome tegumental ectoenzyme SmNPP5 can block NAD-induced T cell apoptosis]
	* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669386/ The Essential Ectoenzyme SmNPP5 from the Human Intravascular Parasite Schistosoma mansoni is an ADPase and a Potent Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation]		* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669386/ The Essential Ectoenzyme SmNPP5 from the Human Intravascular Parasite Schistosoma mansoni is an ADPase and a Potent Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation]
	* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21825060/ Tegumental phosphodiesterase SmNPP-5 is a virulence factor for schistosomes]		* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21825060/ Tegumental phosphodiesterase SmNPP-5 is a virulence factor for schistosomes]
Line 7,706:		Line 7,715:
	* 2018 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29540224/ The blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni cleaves the coagulation protein high molecular weight kininogen (HK) but does not generate the vasodilator bradykinin]		* 2018 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29540224/ The blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni cleaves the coagulation protein high molecular weight kininogen (HK) but does not generate the vasodilator bradykinin]
	* 2018 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425229/ Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 serine protease inhibitor binds to elastase and impairs neutrophil function and inflammation]		* 2018 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425229/ Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 serine protease inhibitor binds to elastase and impairs neutrophil function and inflammation]
			* 2017 Oct 10[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29018227/ The human blood parasite Schistosoma mansoni expresses extracellular tegumental calpains that cleave the blood clotting protein fibronectin]
	* 2015 Aug 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26238343/ Functional expression of a novel Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni]		* 2015 Aug 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26238343/ Functional expression of a novel Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni]
	* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24894599/ Schistosome apyrase SmATPDase1, but not SmATPDase2, hydrolyses exogenous ATP and ADP]		* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24894599/ Schistosome apyrase SmATPDase1, but not SmATPDase2, hydrolyses exogenous ATP and ADP]

Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions

Jlm — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 21:09:17 GMT

Stroke

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:09, 12 June 2026
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	See [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Stroke \| '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Stroke''']]		See [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Stroke \| '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Stroke''']]

			== Thrombosis ==

			* 2020 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32368171/ Basic Coagulation Profiles and Platelet Count Among Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Adults Attending Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia]
			* 2012 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937487 Autoimmune diseases and venous thromboembolism: a review of the literature]

			See [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization \| '''Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization'''] : Platelet inhibitor, Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP), Nematode anticoagulant protein and peptide (NAPc2, NAP5), Other anticoagulant molecules

	==General reviews==		==General reviews==

Helminthic therapy for well people

Jlm — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 21:07:49 GMT

Venous thromboembolism (VTE)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:07, 12 June 2026
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	Inflammation appears to change the hemostatic balance towards thrombogenesis, and autoimmune disorders have been linked to an increased risk of VTE.		Inflammation appears to change the hemostatic balance towards thrombogenesis, and autoimmune disorders have been linked to an increased risk of VTE.
	* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937487 Autoimmune diseases and venous thromboembolism: a review of the literature] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427982/ Full text] \| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427982/pdf/ajcd0002-0171.pdf PDF]		* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937487 Autoimmune diseases and venous thromboembolism: a review of the literature] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427982/ Full text] \| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427982/pdf/ajcd0002-0171.pdf PDF]

			See [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Thrombosis \| '''Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions: Thrombosis''']]

	====Wound healing====		====Wound healing====

Medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy

Jlm — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 21:06:00 GMT

Medical conditions

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:06, 12 June 2026
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	* Travel sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Travel sickness \| PS]]		* Travel sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Travel sickness \| PS]]
	* Trimethylaminuria (TMAU): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) \| PS]]		* Trimethylaminuria (TMAU): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) \| PS]]
			* Thrombosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Thrombosis \| SE]]
	* Tuberculosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and tuberculosis (TB) \| SE,CTOS,PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]		* Tuberculosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and tuberculosis (TB) \| SE,CTOS,PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]
	* Type 1 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 1 diabetes (T1D) \| SE,CTOS,PS]]		* Type 1 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 1 diabetes (T1D) \| SE,CTOS,PS]]

Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions

Jlm — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 21:04:25 GMT

Thrombosis

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(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
(No difference)

Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization

Jlm — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 20:54:32 GMT

Other anticoagulant molecules

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:54, 12 June 2026
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	* 2023 Jan 27 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20230045637 Isolation and identification of hookworm platelet inhibitor NaHPI1 from Necator americanus] (Chinese)		* 2023 Jan 27 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20230045637 Isolation and identification of hookworm platelet inhibitor NaHPI1 from Necator americanus] (Chinese)
			* 2022 Jan 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215099/ Schistosomes Impede ATP-Induced T Cell Apoptosis In Vitro: The Role of Ectoenzyme SmNPP5]
	* 2020 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32300877/ Effect of Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm platelet inhibitor on platelet adhesion and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation]		* 2020 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32300877/ Effect of Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm platelet inhibitor on platelet adhesion and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation]
	* 2020 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31689543/ Identification and localization of hookworm platelet inhibitor in Ancylostoma ceylanicum]		* 2020 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31689543/ Identification and localization of hookworm platelet inhibitor in Ancylostoma ceylanicum]
			* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669386/ The Essential Ectoenzyme SmNPP5 from the Human Intravascular Parasite Schistosoma mansoni is an ADPase and a Potent Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation]
	* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26057788/ The structure of hookworm platelet inhibitor (HPI), a CAP superfamily member from Ancylostoma caninum]		* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26057788/ The structure of hookworm platelet inhibitor (HPI), a CAP superfamily member from Ancylostoma caninum]
	* 2003 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12850261/ Isolation and molecular cloning of a secreted hookworm platelet inhibitor from adult Ancylostoma caninum]		* 2003 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12850261/ Isolation and molecular cloning of a secreted hookworm platelet inhibitor from adult Ancylostoma caninum]
	* 2002 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12038795/ The parasitic hematophagous worm Haemonchus contortus inhibits human platelet aggregation and adhesion: partial purification of a platelet inhibitor]		* 2002 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12038795/ The parasitic hematophagous worm Haemonchus contortus inhibits human platelet aggregation and adhesion: partial purification of a platelet inhibitor]
	* 1999 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10191228/ The hookworm platelet inhibitor: functional blockade of integrins GPIIb/IIIa (alphaIIbbeta3) and GPIa/IIa (alpha2beta1) inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion in vitro]		* 1999 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10191228/ The hookworm platelet inhibitor: functional blockade of integrins GPIIb/IIIa (alphaIIbbeta3) and GPIa/IIa (alpha2beta1) inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion in vitro]

			=== Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) ===

			* 2022 Jan 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215099/ Schistosomes Impede ATP-Induced T Cell Apoptosis In Vitro: The Role of Ectoenzyme SmNPP5]
			* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669386/ The Essential Ectoenzyme SmNPP5 from the Human Intravascular Parasite Schistosoma mansoni is an ADPase and a Potent Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation]
			* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21825060/ Tegumental phosphodiesterase SmNPP-5 is a virulence factor for schistosomes]

	=== Nematode anticoagulant protein and peptide (NAPc2, NAP5) ===		=== Nematode anticoagulant protein and peptide (NAPc2, NAP5) ===
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	* 2022 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36083036/ Schistosoma mansoni phosphoglycerate mutase: a glycolytic ectoenzyme with thrombolytic potential]		* 2022 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36083036/ Schistosoma mansoni phosphoglycerate mutase: a glycolytic ectoenzyme with thrombolytic potential]
			* 2021 Nov 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34858878/ E-NTPDases: Possible Roles on Host-Parasite Interactions and Therapeutic Opportunities]
	* 2021 Sep 6 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/147773 Proteolytic enzymes of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni: pathobiochemistry and their use in biomedicine] (Thesis, Prague, Czech)		* 2021 Sep 6 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/147773 Proteolytic enzymes of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni: pathobiochemistry and their use in biomedicine] (Thesis, Prague, Czech)
	* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31992384/ Dirofilaria immitis possesses molecules with anticoagulant properties in its excretory/secretory antigens]		* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31992384/ Dirofilaria immitis possesses molecules with anticoagulant properties in its excretory/secretory antigens]
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	* 2018 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425229/ Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 serine protease inhibitor binds to elastase and impairs neutrophil function and inflammation]		* 2018 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425229/ Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 serine protease inhibitor binds to elastase and impairs neutrophil function and inflammation]
	* 2015 Aug 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26238343/ Functional expression of a novel Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni]		* 2015 Aug 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26238343/ Functional expression of a novel Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni]
			* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24894599/ Schistosome apyrase SmATPDase1, but not SmATPDase2, hydrolyses exogenous ATP and ADP]
	* 2014 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24711968/ Schistosome tegumental ecto-apyrase (SmATPDase1) degrades exogenous pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic nucleotides]		* 2014 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24711968/ Schistosome tegumental ecto-apyrase (SmATPDase1) degrades exogenous pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic nucleotides]
	* 2011 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21483710/ Characterization of schistosome tegumental alkaline phosphatase (SmAP)]		* 2011 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21483710/ Characterization of schistosome tegumental alkaline phosphatase (SmAP)]
			* 2007 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17113569/ Characterization of Schistosoma mansoni ATPDase2 gene, a novel apyrase family member]

	See serine proteases above		See serine proteases above

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 13 June 2026
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	{{Quote\|indent}}We started to notice high blood glucose (BG 250) in our 9 year-old in early Nov of 2012, and when we went to the endo on 20th of that month, we were given a 6-12 month projection for insulin dependence and had autoantibodies measured. The results came back significantly positive for GAD65 and IAA... About 2 days before our 6 month check up in mid Aug 2013 we went out for sushi and had ice cream afterwards. Post Prandial was 111. The Post Prandial should be below 180 to not be considered diabetic, but below 140 is more in the normal range. We were dumbfounded because, a while back, this PP would have been near the 160-180 mark if not higher. We were also not being as strict with diet and sleep, when we saw the endo, as it was summer, and we still need to be a kid! ;-) However, I really was thinking that the A1C would be at least 6.0, but it wasn't. It was 5.5... Currently we have 70HW on board and will be dosing with another 30 or so to get to the 100 mark. (Link expired){{Quote\|/indent}}		{{Quote\|indent}}We started to notice high blood glucose (BG 250) in our 9 year-old in early Nov of 2012, and when we went to the endo on 20th of that month, we were given a 6-12 month projection for insulin dependence and had autoantibodies measured. The results came back significantly positive for GAD65 and IAA... About 2 days before our 6 month check up in mid Aug 2013 we went out for sushi and had ice cream afterwards. Post Prandial was 111. The Post Prandial should be below 180 to not be considered diabetic, but below 140 is more in the normal range. We were dumbfounded because, a while back, this PP would have been near the 160-180 mark if not higher. We were also not being as strict with diet and sleep, when we saw the endo, as it was summer, and we still need to be a kid! ;-) However, I really was thinking that the A1C would be at least 6.0, but it wasn't. It was 5.5... Currently we have 70HW on board and will be dosing with another 30 or so to get to the 100 mark. (Link expired){{Quote\|/indent}}

	{{Quote\|indent}}My 9yo son now has 70 HW, as our effort to head off pre-diabetes. His labs show his Triiodothyronine (T3) has gone from 181 to 136 with the helminths… His hemoglobin was called "high" before helminths at 5.8... Now it's 5.7. (Reported at 10 months after the first inoculation.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/886469608075662/]{{Quote\|		{{Quote\|indent}}My 9yo son now has 70 HW, as our effort to head off pre-diabetes. His labs show his Triiodothyronine (T3) has gone from 181 to 136 with the helminths… His hemoglobin was called "high" before helminths at 5.8... Now it's 5.7. (Reported at 10 months after the first inoculation.) (FB, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/886469608075662/ Sep 2015]){{Quote\|
	/indent}}		/indent}}

	{{Quote\|indent}}I have a son who was tested positive for type 1 diabetes autoantibodies (ICA,GADA IAA,IA2A) at the age of 8 months. We have been told that he will almost certainly develop diabetes sooner or later. He had his first HW when he was 2 years old (3 years ago). Since then his B-HbA1C (glycosylated haemoglobin) has gradually come down from 5.7 to 5.0. Also two out of four autoantibodies have disappeared. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/886469608075662/?comment_id=886561801399776&offset=0&total_comments=5&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] (For more about this case, see [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/886469608075662/?comment_id=5492472724141971 this and subsequent posts].){{Quote\|/indent}}		{{Quote\|indent}}I have a son who was tested positive for type 1 diabetes autoantibodies (ICA,GADA IAA,IA2A) at the age of 8 months. We have been told that he will almost certainly develop diabetes sooner or later. He had his first HW when he was 2 years old (3 years ago). Since then his B-HbA1C (glycosylated haemoglobin) has gradually come down from 5.7 to 5.0. Also two out of four autoantibodies have disappeared. (FB, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/886469608075662/?comment_id=886561801399776&offset=0&total_comments=5&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D Sep 2015], For more about this case, see [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/886469608075662/?comment_id=5492472724141971 this and subsequent posts, Aug 2022].){{Quote\|/indent}}

	{{Quote\|indent}}I am 60+ male who developed LADA (latent auto-immune diabetes in adults - sometimes called Type 1.5) out of the blue appx 20+ years ago. It gradually evolved to becoming insulin dependent. Nov. 2014 (13 months ago), all was going pretty well until I developed flu-like symptoms… Small doses of ibuprofen kept the pain at bay, but overall health continued to deteriorate… Then came the periodic double vision and ocular aches. January 31st, I started losing vision in one eye for 10 minutes at a time… My CRP was 165 and Sed Rate was 67. Oops! Neural ophthalmologist and Rheumatology Docs put me on high dose of Prednisone (60mg) to knock out the inflammation which had localized in the fat cells behind my eyes… by June the docs could not determine what caused this inflammatory outbreak. They ruled out everything and primarily ended up with a diagnosis of auto-immune disease with inflammation of unknown origin. Put me on 20mg weekly of Methotrexate (MTX) to replace the prednisone, but there was still some residual inflammation around my eyes. Rheumatologists wanted to put me on Rituximab… Still fatigued most of the time. My primary suggested HT as another approach. I began taking HDC at end of July. After 3 doses I was feeling much better and started reducing my doses of MTX… I increased doses to 60 ova biweekly in mid-October and have stayed at that dose. I weaned off MTX and stopped it entirely in mid-Nov. My inflammation markers are back to normal (CRP is 4.4; Sed Rate is 11) and I feel better than I have in 12 months… Ophthalmologist says everything looks ok and to only call if any symptoms return… My primary and I are both pleased with how HT is going. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/928017050587584/]{{Quote\|/indent}}		{{Quote\|indent}}I am 60+ male who developed LADA (latent auto-immune diabetes in adults - sometimes called Type 1.5) out of the blue appx 20+ years ago. It gradually evolved to becoming insulin dependent. Nov. 2014 (13 months ago), all was going pretty well until I developed flu-like symptoms… Small doses of ibuprofen kept the pain at bay, but overall health continued to deteriorate… Then came the periodic double vision and ocular aches. January 31st, I started losing vision in one eye for 10 minutes at a time… My CRP was 165 and Sed Rate was 67. Oops! Neural ophthalmologist and Rheumatology Docs put me on high dose of Prednisone (60mg) to knock out the inflammation which had localized in the fat cells behind my eyes… by June the docs could not determine what caused this inflammatory outbreak. They ruled out everything and primarily ended up with a diagnosis of auto-immune disease with inflammation of unknown origin. Put me on 20mg weekly of Methotrexate (MTX) to replace the prednisone, but there was still some residual inflammation around my eyes. Rheumatologists wanted to put me on Rituximab… Still fatigued most of the time. My primary suggested HT as another approach. I began taking HDC at end of July. After 3 doses I was feeling much better and started reducing my doses of MTX… I increased doses to 60 ova biweekly in mid-October and have stayed at that dose. I weaned off MTX and stopped it entirely in mid-Nov. My inflammation markers are back to normal (CRP is 4.4; Sed Rate is 11) and I feel better than I have in 12 months… Ophthalmologist says everything looks ok and to only call if any symptoms return… My primary and I are both pleased with how HT is going. (FB, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/928017050587584/ Dec 2015]){{Quote\|/indent}}

	{{Quote\|indent}}Treating T1 Diabetes with hookworms in a 10 year old male. Initial dose: 10 NA in 2016. From weeks 6 to 7, my son's blood sugar levels were extremely stable never going over 6.5, which is very rare for a diabetic. He had a few hypos mainly to do with putting in too much insulin, but we got down from 22 units of insulin per day to just 10/12. Hookworms were still helping at approximately 1 year, but his colony might have died soon after that, when I gave him oregano oil. After that happened, we saw worsening of blood sugars. We reinoculated with 10 NA and his BGs got better and better again. Most importantly, they were consistent with his diet... After those first two doses, my son decided not to continue dosing because of the initial discomfort, and he didn’t dose at all for the next 4 years, after which he resumed the treatment with a dose of 20 NA, which caused no major reactions. Now, the treatment seems to work for the first couple of weeks but doesn't last... We'll continue dosing as he is ok about it now, and perhaps he needs to have smaller doses but more often? (Edited from three posts: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993/?comment_id=1151303944925559]] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993/?comment_id=5226104084112171&reply_comment_id=5226964697359443].){{Quote\|/indent}}<!-- BB -->		{{Quote\|indent}}Treating T1 Diabetes with hookworms in a 10 year old male. Initial dose: 10 NA in 2016. From weeks 6 to 7, my son's blood sugar levels were extremely stable never going over 6.5, which is very rare for a diabetic. He had a few hypos mainly to do with putting in too much insulin, but we got down from 22 units of insulin per day to just 10/12. Hookworms were still helping at approximately 1 year, but his colony might have died soon after that, when I gave him oregano oil. After that happened, we saw worsening of blood sugars. We reinoculated with 10 NA and his BGs got better and better again. Most importantly, they were consistent with his diet... After those first two doses, my son decided not to continue dosing because of the initial discomfort, and he didn’t dose at all for the next 4 years, after which he resumed the treatment with a dose of 20 NA, which caused no major reactions. Now, the treatment seems to work for the first couple of weeks but doesn't last... We'll continue dosing as he is ok about it now, and perhaps he needs to have smaller doses but more often? (Edited from three posts : [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993 Jun 2016] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993/?comment_id=1151303944925559 Nov 2016]] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/1029979617057993/?comment_id=5226104084112171&reply_comment_id=5226964697359443 Aug 2022].){{Quote\|/indent}}<!-- BB -->

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:06, 12 June 2026
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	* Travel sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Travel sickness \| PS]]		* Travel sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Travel sickness \| PS]]
	* Trimethylaminuria (TMAU): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) \| PS]]		* Trimethylaminuria (TMAU): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) \| PS]]
			* Thrombosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Thrombosis \| SE]]
	* Tuberculosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and tuberculosis (TB) \| SE,CTOS,PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]		* Tuberculosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and tuberculosis (TB) \| SE,CTOS,PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]
	* Type 1 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 1 diabetes (T1D) \| SE,CTOS,PS]]		* Type 1 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 1 diabetes (T1D) \| SE,CTOS,PS]]