Helminthic Therapy wiki - User contributions [en]

Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)

2026-04-07T16:02:34Z

Jlm: /* Scientific papers */

{{Breadcrumb|[[Effects_of_helminthic_therapy|Effects of helminthic therapy]]}}
{{Breadcrumb|[[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases|Autoimmune diseases]]}}
{{SEO 
|title=Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=}}
== The scientific evidence ==
=== Selected scientific papers ===

* 2025 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950041/ Helminth infection induces neuroimmune remodeling and clinical remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12424815/ Full text]
:{{Quote|indent}}Fettig et al. demonstrate that infection with the helminth Trichinella spiralis elicits rapid recruitment and sustained presence of Th2 cells in the central nervous system where they modify microglia function and are implicated in resolving autoimmune-mediated paralysis and neuroinflammation.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://www.clinicsearchonline.org/uploads/articles/1731131807IJBR-RA-69-Galley_Proof.pdf Helminth infection and Multiple Sclerosis] (PDF)
:{{Quote|indent}}Clinical studies have shown that Trichuris suis ova (TSO) are a non-pathogenic in human subjects and could be a potential alternative treatment for Multiple Sclerosis patients.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747061/ Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/pdf/eoac009.pdf PDF].
::A narrative review of the literature on MS and the microbiota included consideration of how the re-introduction of complex eukaryotic symbionts, especially helminths and protists, halts the progression of RRMS by direct modulation of the host immune system, providing conclusive evidence to support the idea that the loss of eukaryotic symbionts is ''the'' pivotal evolutionary mismatch that underlies the pathogenesis and progression of MS.

* 2021 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853585/ Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/pdf/12915_2021_Article_1003.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}Overall, our data lend support to the hypothesis of a contributory role of parasite-associated alterations in gut microbial composition to the immune-modulatory properties of hookworm parasites.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2017 Mar [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28030334 Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model] (TSO)
:{{Quote|indent}}... parenteral administration of T. suis-derived products results in a skewing of the immune response with a significant impact on disease severity in a CNS inflammatory disease model.{{Quote|/indent}}

* ✅ 2015 Apr 18 [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]]. (Full text PDF)
::This socio-medical study revealed that the human hookworm, Necator americanus (NA), is extremely effective as a treatment for MS, with a success rate of approximately 50% for the progressive forms of the disease (PPMS and SPMS), and more than 90% for the relapsing-remitting form (RRMS).

* ✅ 2007 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230481 Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis] -- [[media:Association_Between_Parasite_Infection_and_Immune_Responses_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_.pdf | PDF]]
::Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070117091058.htm] and the BBC. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6268585.stm]).
::In 2007, Correale and Farez demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis who were accidentally colonised by one or more of a variety of helminth species experienced a reduced number of disease exacerbations compared with patients who were helminth-free. This was the first study to explore the effect of helminth colonisation on immune response and the natural course of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It showed that RRMS progressed much more slowly in patients who hosted intestinal worms.

=== Scientific papers ===

* 2026 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41935913/ The evolutionary origins of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0035378726004960 Full text] (Online ahead of print)

* 2026 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41813890/ Facile induction of immune tolerance by an interleukin-2-TGFβ surrogate agonist] (Nature)

* 2025 Oct 19 [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421.html A comparative study on Echinococcus granulosus and curcumin therapeutic effect in mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421_fdaa116e0fdfcad8b6d56bf7df883357.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950041/ Helminth infection induces neuroimmune remodeling and clinical remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12424815/ Full text]
:{{Quote|indent}}Fettig et al. demonstrate that infection with the helminth Trichinella spiralis elicits rapid recruitment and sustained presence of Th2 cells in the central nervous system where they modify microglia function and are implicated in resolving autoimmune-mediated paralysis and neuroinflammation.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2025 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048880/ Toxocara canis-originated recombinant C-type lectin improves the disability scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in murine in vivo models]

* 2025 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40265426/ Modulation of the Inflammatory Signature in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model through Treatment with Fasciola hepatica-Derived Recombinant Fatty Acid Binding Protein (rFh15)] -- [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4657414 Full text]

* 2025 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39950309/ An immunoregulatory amphipathic peptide derived from Fasciola hepatica helminth defense molecule (FhHDM-1.C2) exhibits potent biotherapeutic activity in a murine model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/pdf/FSB2-39-e70380.pdf PDF] (see [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/applied-molecular-parasitology-lab-ampl-dalton-lab_biotherapeutics-immunemodulation-healthinnovation-activity-7302379555372052483-kkzP/ Linkedin post])

* 2025 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39963417/ Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis]

* 2024 Feb 24 [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/c238d0b9-d1eb-4460-948c-88d0bc31e42a Impact of B cell secreted factors on myelin in progressive multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://www.clinicsearchonline.org/uploads/articles/1731131807IJBR-RA-69-Galley_Proof.pdf Helminth infection and Multiple Sclerosis] (PDF)

* 2024 Jan 29 [https://www.corpuspublishers.com/article-info/therapeutic-administration-of-trichuris--suis-ova-as-alternative-treatment-of--multiple-sclerosis%3A-a-mini-review-808 Therapeutic Administration of Trichuris Suis Ova as Alternative Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review]

* 2024 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38250940/ Modulatory Effects of Hydatid Cyst Fluid on a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/pdf/vetsci-11-00034.pdf PDF]

* 2024 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128238486000038 Effect of infections on multiple sclerosis] (chapter of Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis)
{{Expando|100+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}
* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37718988/ The immunomodulatory effects of the C-type lectin protein of Toxocara canis on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2023 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36582052/ Antigen B modulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2023 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836678/ Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/pdf/life-13-00321.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36054460/ Evaluation of the immunoregulatory effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EAE model]

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747061/ Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/pdf/eoac009.pdf PDF].
::A narrative review of the literature on MS and the microbiota included consideration of how the re-introduction of complex eukaryotic symbionts, especially helminths and protists, halts the progression of RRMS by direct modulation of the host immune system, providing conclusive evidence to support the idea that the loss of eukaryotic symbionts is ''the'' pivotal evolutionary mismatch that underlies the pathogenesis and progression of MS.

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197631/ Interleukin-35 is a critical regulator of immunity during helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517594/ Full text]

* 2021 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34691057/ Crosstalk of Microorganisms and Immune Responses in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: A Focus on Regulatory T Cells]

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33964315/ Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products downregulate MMP-9 in Dark Agouti rats affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2021 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853585/ Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/pdf/12915_2021_Article_1003.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579723/ Helminth Imprinting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Sustains Anti-Inflammatory Trained Innate Immunity That Attenuates Autoimmune Disease]

* 2021 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33993100/ The fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) decreases the clinical signs and modulates immune responses in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576921003921 Full text]

* 2021 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33572978/ The Worm-Specific Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Controlled Trichuris suis Ova Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/101/htm Full text]

* 2021 [https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:4f7dd64 Investigating the mechanism of action of a novel therapeutic derived from parasitic worms in animal models of multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2021 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/tara8/server/api/core/bitstreams/a24ea8c3-9823-4508-9969-252df2ee9508/content Helminth products promote anti-inflammatory trained innate immunity by imprinting long-term hematopoietic stem cells] (Thesis)

* 2020 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347509/ GAS6 signaling tempers Th17 development in patients with multiple sclerosis and helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/pdf/ppat.1009176.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32920871/ Dicrocoelium ova can block the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12792 Full text] ([https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-17288/v1 preprint version Mars 16])
:{{Quote|indent}}Dicrocoelium eggs have a great potential to stimulate immunomodulation towards treatment of EAE during the initial phase.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2020 Sept 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117327/ The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/pdf/fimmu-11-01830.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938979/ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with changes of the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract]

* 2020 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32872342/ An Absence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation and Associations with Disease Activity in People with Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Therapeutic Hookworm Vaccination] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/487/htm Full text]

* 2020 May 1 [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/204/1_Supplement/143.6/63767/Helminth-induced-modulation-of-neuroinflammation Helminth-induced modulation of neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517884/ Antibodies in sera from multiple sclerosis patients recognize Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigens]

* 2020 Jan-Feb [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32123528 Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis About Helminth Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041615 Full text]

* 2020 Jan 23 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31971074 A critical analysis of helminth immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 [https://www.jfi-online.org/index.php/jfi/article/view/49 Immunoregulation of Multiple Sclerosis by Helminth Therapy: A Literature Review]

* 2019 Oct 24 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683117 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2019 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683117/ Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2019 Jul 12 [https://repozitorij.unizg.hr/object/mef:2442 Uloga infekcija u multiploj sklerozi] | [https://repozitorij.mef.unizg.hr/object/mef:2442/FILE0 PDF] (Croatian, Master)

* 2019 Jul-Dec [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31579670 The endosymbiotic role of intestinal helminths in multiple sclerosis: Promising probiotic hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6767793/ Full text]

* 2019 Jul [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/1d1de1e4-4323-42fc-8e8f-2be2c5bf04c5 Modulation of immune responses by Fasciola hepatica-derived products] (Thesis)

* 2019 Apr 23 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31016721 Helminths products directly modulate T cells that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2018 Sep 12 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/102344 Paraziti a roztroušená skleróza: spouštěči onemocnění, nebo nástroj terapie?] (Bachelor thesis, Czech)

* 2017 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29163523/ Interleukin-5 Mediates Parasite-Induced Protection against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Association with Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/pdf/fimmu-08-01453.pdf PDF]

* 2017 Nov [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29068485 Is the hygiene hypothesis relevant for the risk of multiple sclerosis?]

* 2018 Oct 17 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30336585 Failure of the Anti-Inflammatory Parasitic Worm Product ES-62 to Provide Protection in Mouse Models of Type I Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2669/htm Full text]

* 2018 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Reham-Brakat/publication/342365437_Soluble_Tachyzoite_Antigen_Immunization_Can_Protect_Mice_from_Experimental_Autoimmune_Encephalomyelitis_Via_Induction_of_programmed_death-1/links/5ef10d1992851ce9e7fcaed6/Soluble-Tachyzoite-Antigen-Immunization-Can-Protect-Mice-from-Experimental-Autoimmune-Encephalomyelitis-Via-Induction-of-programmed-death-1.pdf Soluble Tachyzoite Antigen Immunization Can Protect Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Via Induction of programmed death-1]

* 2018 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/71a2e89a-875f-48f4-9bc3-d4d793f2b96c Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2017 Oct 13 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29027962 Novel Therapeutics for Multiple Sclerosis Designed by Parasitic Worms] -- [http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/10/2141/htm Full text]

* 2017 Oct 3 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28975357 The Effects of Intestinal Nematode L4 Stage on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis]

* 2017 Oct 1 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29064315 Safety and efficacy of helminth treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of the HINT 2 clinical trial] -- [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1352458517736377 PDF]
::This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.

* 2017 Sep [http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/ Human herpes virus antibody levels in helminth treated and placebo controlled multiple sclerosis patients] | [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/1/MRES%20thesis%20P%20A%20C%20Maple%2030.12.2017.pdf] (thesis)

* 2017 Fall [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948806 Toxocara spp. seronegativity in Czech patients with early form of multiple sclerosis - clinically isolated syndrome]

* 2017 Jun 28 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28744067 Helminth Products Potently Modulate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Downregulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting a Suppressive Microenvironment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/pdf/MI2017-8494572.pdf PDF])

* 2017 Jun 13 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28638627 Environmental factors influencing multiple sclerosis in Latin America] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/pdf/10.1177_2055217317715049.pdf PDF]

* 2017 Mar [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28030334 Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model] (TSO)

* 2017 Jan 17 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28094319 Helminth-induced Ly6Chi monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40814 Full text] | [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep40814 PDF]

* 2017 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28069755/ Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Autoimmunity in the Central Nervous System] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/198/2/596/106297/Influence-of-the-Gut-Microbiome-on-Autoimmunity-in Full text]

* 2017 [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/212bf6d0-3b5c-4052-88bd-6009f0480d77/content Using a parasite derived peptide to prevent immune-mediated demyelination] (Conference)

* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/02e12501-59a3-43f0-8952-017cc8effe2f Efecto del antígeno secretado/excretado de alto peso molecular por Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, spanish)

* 2016 Nov 24 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27883079 A parasite-derived 68-mer peptide ameliorates autoimmune disease in murine models of Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep37789 Full text] | [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep37789 PDF]

* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27256565/ Depletion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells confers susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in GM-CSF-deficient Csf2-/- mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/27256565/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014742/ PDF]

* 2026 Jun 28 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/17936 Exploration of helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules as options for therapeutic intervention in allograft rejection and autoimmune disease] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/17936/Johnston2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis, Edinburgh)

* 2016 May 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_11 Intestinal Parasites and Immunomodulation in Neuroinflammatory Disease] (chapter of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology)

* 2016 Mar 10 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965184 Immune-regulatory mechanisms of classical and experimental multiple sclerosis drugs: a special focus on helminth-derived treatments]

* 2016 Jan 21 [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10601333.2016.1210159 Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships] | [[media:Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships.pdf | PDF]]

* 2016 Sept 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579126/ Acute Strongyloides venezuelensis infection did not prevent EAE development: implications for hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.msptm.org/files/Vol33No3/526-534-Sartori-A.pdf PDF]

* 2015 Dec 16 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26673140 Helminth Products Protect against Autoimmunity via Innate Type 2 Cytokines IL-5 and IL-33, Which Promote Eosinophilia]

* 2015 Nov [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698173 Trichuris suis ova therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis is safe but without signals of beneficial effect]
::This study used a treatment period of only 12 weeks, which is inadequate when assessing the efficacy of helminths, and it also used a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO above pH4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.

* 2015 Jul 25 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26205402 Trichuris suis induces human non-classical patrolling monocytes via the mannose receptor and PKC: implications for multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/pdf/40478_2015_Article_223.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* ✅ 2015 Apr 18 [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]]. (Full text PDF)
::This socio-medical study revealed that the human hookworm, Necator americanus (NA), is extremely effective as a treatment for MS, with a success rate of approximately 50% for the progressive forms of the disease (PPMS and SPMS), and more than 90% for the relapsing-remitting form (RRMS).

* 2015 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046559 Multiple sclerosis and environmental factors: the role of vitamin D, parasites, and Epstein-Barr virus infection]

* 2014 Dec 4 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25472634 Helminth Therapy for MS] (multiple sclerosis)

* 2014 Nov [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981042 Helminth therapy or elimination: epidemiological, immunological, and clinical considerations]

* 2014 Oct 15 [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(14)00465-2/abstract Effects of soluble helminth components on human monocytes and macrophages in neuroinflammation].
:{{Quote|indent}}Overall, our data reveal a potent anti-inflammatory effect of soluble products of T. suis on human myeloid cells, thereby providing increased mechanistic insight into the therapeutical potential of this helminth for MS patients.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2014 Jun [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744099 Helminth/Parasite treatment of multiple sclerosis]

* 2014 Apr 29 - TSO PH5 - HINT 2 - [http://www.neurology.org/content/82/10_Supplement/P3.149 Clinical Trial of Helminth-induced Immunomodulatory Therapy (HINT 2) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.149)] (TSO).
::This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
::('''NB''' the phase 1 (HINT1 with TSO PH 2.3 was successfull: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21372112/ Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/pdf/nihms536054.pdf PDF])

* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25015286/ Regulatory B cells, helminths, and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-1161-5_18 Full text] (Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology)

* 2013 Dec 19 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24351232 Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) in multiple sclerosis patients with Trichuris suis ova therapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/pdf/parasite-20-55.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2013 Oct 1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975865 Parasite infections in multiple sclerosis modulate immune responses through a retinoic acid-dependent pathway] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.full.pdf PDF]

* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23307236/ Application of dendritic cells stimulated with Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00430-012-0286-6 Full text]

* 2013 April 25 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23782752 Trichuris suis ova in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome (TRIOMS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/ Full text] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/pdf/1745-6215-14-112.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227936/ Immunomodulatory effects of helminths and protozoa in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12023 Full text]

* 2013 Mar [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298637 Helminth therapy and multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003153 Full text]

* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/7db144c3-cd42-4212-b7de-6a4f14d2c854 Immune modulation by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/394dd174-f6f1-4655-b2ba-d75137bf7606 Immunomodulatory activity of products from the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2012 Oct [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22898371 Heligmosomoides polygyrus: EAE remission is correlated with different systemic cytokine profiles provoked by L4 and adult nematodes]

* 2012 Sept [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838960 Immune monitoring of Trichuris suis egg therapy in multiple sclerosis patients] (TSO in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS))

* 2012 Aug 24 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937527 Does helminth activation of toll-like receptors modulate immune response in multiple sclerosis patients?] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/pdf/fcimb-02-00112.pdf PDF]

* 2012 Jun [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22482518 Soluble helminth products suppress clinical signs in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and differentially modulate human dendritic cell activation]

* 2012 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509512/ Alternative therapies: Desperate measures] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11099 Full text] (Nature)

* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22264636/ Immune modulation by Lacto-N-fucopentaose III in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/pdf/nihms346981.pdf]

* 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22047987/ Neuroprotective potential beyond immunoregulation of helminth infection as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987711005147 Full text]

* 2011 Oct [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980148 The impact of environmental infections (parasites) on MS activity]

* 2011 Apr [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295861 Helminths and multiple sclerosis: will old friends give us new treatments for MS?] (No abstract)

* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477142/ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution was not modified by multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01279.x Full text]

* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21185554/ Taenia crassiceps infection abrogates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000887491000290X?via%3Dihub Full text].
:{{Quote|indent}}The Taenia crassiceps-induced immune regulation decreased experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity by dampening T cell activation, proliferation and migration to the CNS.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2011 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/ddbe0211-0bc9-462e-ab90-2c32306f211e Inmunoregulación por el céstodo Taenia Crassiceps y su efecto sobre el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2010 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20661746/ Infection of non-encapsulated species of Trichinella ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis involving suppression of Th17 and Th1 response] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-010-1985-9 Full text]

* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20306466/ Helminth-induced CD19+CD23hi B cells modulate experimental allergic and autoimmune inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/pdf/eji0040-1682.pdf PDF]

* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20500676/ Mechanisms of modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by chronic Trichinella spiralis infection in Dark Agouti rats] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01207.x Full text]

* 2010 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Mechanisms_Involved_in_Type_II_Macrophage_Activation_and_Effector_Functions/16973755?file=31397923 Mechanisms Involved in Type II Macrophage Activation and Effector Functions] (Master, Malaghan)

* 2009 Nov 1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812189 Helminth antigens modulate immune responses in cells from multiple sclerosis patients through TLR2-dependent mechanisms] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.full.pdf PDF]

* 2009 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587018/ Infection with a Helminth Parasite Attenuates Autoimmunity through TGF-β-Mediated Suppression of Th17 and Th1 Responses] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.full.pdf PDF]

* 2009 Mar 5 [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01470521?term=WIRMS&rank=1 Worms for Immune Regulation of Multiple Sclerosis (WIRMS)]
::Proposal for the first Phase 2 trial using a controlled number of Necator americanus in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. (Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090304091818.htm] and the Mail Online. [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2108228/Parasitic-worms-offer-hope-cure-multiple-sclerosis.html?ito=feeds-newsxml]) (NA)

* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20477636/ Parasite immunomodulation in autoimmune disease: focus on multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/eci.09.39 Full text]

* 2009 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/254d42ef-7bb3-4b3d-8e2f-46d207221bd3 Regulatory T cell induction and function] (Thesis)

* 2008 Aug [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18655096 Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells]

* 2008 Jul [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18578001 The role of regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis]

* 2008 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18226814/ Trichinella spiralis: modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489407003141?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2008 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18207251 Soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma japonicum modulates the progression of chronic progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via Th2-shift response]

* 2007 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18209931/ Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development in Lewis rats from a conventional animal facility] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/YP6HmL6fSnbZkKSqSdYGvhz/?lang=en Full text]

* ✅ 2007 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230481 Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis] -- [[media:Association_Between_Parasite_Infection_and_Immune_Responses_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_.pdf | PDF]]
::Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070117091058.htm] and the BBC. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6268585.stm]).
::In 2007, Correale and Farez demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis who were accidentally colonised by one or more of a variety of helminth species experienced a reduced number of disease exacerbations compared with patients who were helminth-free. This was the first study to explore the effect of helminth colonisation on immune response and the natural course of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It showed that '''RRMS progressed much more slowly in patients who hosted intestinal worms'''.

* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17499858/ Paralysis of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell response in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(07)00123-3/abstract Full text]

* 2006 Dec 12 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17159130 Multiple sclerosis and the hygiene hypothesis]

* 2005 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16183661/ Role of return migration in the emergence of multiple sclerosis in the French West Indies]

* 2004 Nov [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/592d17b9-4d83-4ed2-949b-9fd06bb2440f Hygiene hypothesis-helminth infection and immune regulation] (Thesis, Edinburgh)

* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486632/ Schistosomiasis protects against multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/57rccxQr5bndK9xbnNLYfwq/?lang=en&format=html Full text]

* 2003 Sept [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12933842 Schistosomiasis decreases central nervous system inflammation and alters the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/pdf/0223.pdf PDF]

* 2003 Jan [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12502726 Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by helminth ova immunization] -- [http://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.long Full text] | [http://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.full.pdf PDF]

* 2002 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12008041/ Immunoregulation of CNS autoimmunity by helminth and mycobacterial infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165247802000251?via%3Dihub Full text]

'''Ongoing research projects:'''

* 2023-2026 - [https://mscanada.ca/ms-research/our-research-program/research-studies-we-fund/leveraging-helminth-infection-to-limit Leveraging helminth infection to limit neuroinflammation in MS] (Dr. Lisa Osborne, University of British Columbia)

'''See also''' (not directly related)

* 2026 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41529217/ Interleukin-9 Regulates NF-kB-Mediated Activation of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Brain]
* 2026 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41680537/ Innate lymphoid cells: unsung heroes or villains in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis?]
* 2025 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41341415/ Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hsr2.71564 Full text]
* 2025 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41268269/ The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries]
* 2025 Apr 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332086/ Microglia/Macrophages in Autoimmune Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis (Multiple Sclerosis/Neuromyelitis Optica)]
* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38446328/ Involvement of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis-review of a new pathophysiological hypothesis and potential treatment target]
* 2024 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39169949/ Interleukin-10 contrasts inflammatory synaptopathy and central neurodegenerative damage in multiple sclerosis]
* 2024 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39082295/ Changes in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Based on 16s rRNA Gene Sequencing Technology: A Review and Meta-Analysis]
* 2024 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38051890/ Gut flora in multiple sclerosis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment]
* 2024 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38745307/ Interleukin-9 protects from microglia- and TNF-mediated synaptotoxicity in experimental multiple sclerosis]
* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38880650/ Microglia and Dendritic Cells as a Source of IL-6 in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2023 Aug 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37600781/ Under the influence: environmental factors as modulators of neuroinflammation through the IL-10/IL-10R axis]
* 2023 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36300567/ Cell therapy procedure using anti-inflammatory macrophage M2 can potentially reduce Clinical Score in animals with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis study]
* 2023 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768183/ Role of Microglial Cells in the Pathophysiology of MS: Synergistic or Antagonistic?]
* 2022 May 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35627315/ Gut Microbiota as a Potential Predictive Biomarker in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2022 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35327624/ Multiple Sclerosis and Microbiome]
* 2022 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35094961/ Alterations of host-gut microbiome interactions in multiple sclerosis]
* 2022 Jan-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36184742/ Myeloid-derived suppressor cells prevent disruption of the gut barrier, preserve microbiota composition, and potentiate immunoregulatory pathways in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2022 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35931825/ The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis]
* 2021 Dec 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34926318/ Curcumin β-D-Glucuronide Modulates an Autoimmune Model of Multiple Sclerosis with Altered Gut Microbiota in the Ileum and Feces]
* 2021 Nov 29 [https://open.fau.de/items/3f1ac799-11f9-4729-bea9-a538cf5f89dc Die Wirkung von Propionat auf die Laurat-vermittelte Exazerbation der Neuroinflammation] (Thesis, Erlangen-Nürnberg, German)
* 2021 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33775860/ Direct and indirect effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis]
* 2021 May 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33975914/ Perturbed Microbiota/Immune Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2021 [http://hdl.handle.net/10451/47932 MicroRNA determinants of the balance between effector and regulatory CD4+ T cells] (Thesis, Lisbon)
* 2020 Sep [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/bn999c31n?locale=en Regulation of immune system homeostasis by vitamin D signaling:implications for the central nervous system] (Thesis, McGill)
* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32162850/ Gut microbiome variation is associated to Multiple Sclerosis phenotypic subtypes]
* 2019 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31888483/ Primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a Russian cohort: relationship with gut bacterial diversity]
* 2017 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27189037/ Behavioral assessment of neuropathic pain, fatigue, and anxiety in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and attenuation by interleukin-10 gene therapy]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27176462/ Gut microbiota in early pediatric multiple sclerosis: a case-control study]
* 2015 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26367776/ Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters]
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25446571/ The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases]
* 2015 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282335/ Neutralizing IL-17 protects the optic nerve from autoimmune pathology and prevents retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2015 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/7a7a77a0-23ba-4e89-9ecf-88f4631518aa The role of T cell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2013 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23664544/ High interleukin-10 expression within the central nervous system may be important for initiation of recovery of Dark Agouti rats from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2011 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21091909/ Oestrogen-mediated protection of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the absence of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells implicates compensatory pathways including regulatory B cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3044900/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3044900/pdf/imm0132-0340.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20810983/ Discrete TCR repertoires and CDR3 features distinguish effector and Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2944006/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2944006/pdf/nihms226245.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20624940/ Regulatory B cells (B10 cells) and regulatory T cells have independent roles in controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis initiation and late-phase immunopathogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3717968/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3717968/pdf/nihms-495305.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jun 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19428125/ Lack of TIMP-1 increases severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Effects of darbepoetin alfa on TIMP-1 null and wild-type mice]
* 2006 Jul 4 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/da027c2f-fa72-4021-9807-1e15f5a65f48 In vivo und in vitro Immunregulation durch T- und B-Lymphozyten] (Thesis, Humboldt Berlin, German)
* 1996 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8823381/ Cytokines in relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats: persistent mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and absent expression of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta]

Helminths with negative effects

* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36050813/ Toxocara canis infection worsens the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice]
{{Expando}}

For more research on helminths, see [[Helminthic therapy research | '''Helminthic therapy research''']].

=== Clinical Trials and observational studies ===

See [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Multiple sclerosis | '''Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies: Multiple sclerosis''']]

== Comments by researchers ==

{{Quote|indent}}In developed countries, where we are well nourished, worms are potentially good. If I had Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or multiple sclerosis, I would infect myself without hesitation. (Prof Alex Loukas, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine) [https://lifeonus.vhx.tv]{{Quote|/indent}}

For more comments by researchers about helminthic therapy in general, see the following list.

* [[Helminthic therapy research#What researchers say about helminthic therapy | '''What researchers say about helminthic therapy''']]

== Media Coverage ==

* 2019 Aug 30 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-MfF2u5GR0 Helminths for Celiac Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Other Autoimmune Diseases] - Mark Davis (Youtube)
* 2016 Jul 1 [http://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-think-parasitic-worms-could-be-the-key-to-treating-multiple-sclerosis Scientists want to use parasitic worms to treat multiple sclerosis] - Jacinta Bowler, ScienceAlert
* 2016 Apr 11 [http://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2016/04/11/meet-the-parasites-that-might-cure-crohns-disease-ms-and-more/#381fe6722e3f Meet The Parasites That Might Cure Crohn's Disease, MS, And More] - Tirumalai Kamala, Forbes and Quora.
* 2016 [http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319297149?wt_mc=ThirdParty.SpringerLink.3.EPR653.About_eBook Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine: From Research to Policy and Practice.] Ed: Alvergne, Jenkinson and Faurie. This book, which is [https://www.amazon.com/Evolutionary-Thinking-Medicine-Research-Behaviour/dp/3319297147/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1468875756&sr=8-1&keywords=Evolutionary+Thinking+in+Medicine available from Amazon], contains a chapter by Jorge Correale (“Helminth Immunoregulation and Multiple Sclerosis Treatment”) and one by Gabriele Sorci, et al., entitled, “Microbes, Parasites and Immune Diseases” (page 211 in Part VI: Immunology). This latter chapter is available, in full, as a FREE download via a link in the Table of Contents on [http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-29716-3 this page]. (book)
* 2011 Jun 28 [http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304314404576413303666083390 Parasitic Worms May Offer Hope on MS] - Sten Stovall, Wall Street Journal
* 2008 Jul 10 [https://evmedreview.com/pig-worms-and-multiple-sclerosis-the-unintended-consequences-of-hygiene/ Pig worms and multiple sclerosis: the unintended consequences of hygiene] - Stephen Stearns, Evolution and Medicine Review

== The anecdotal evidence ==

* Three annual reports by the same person:
** "... this is the first April I have been attack free." (Link expired)
** "This is my second MS season... attack free!" (Link expired)
** "... its been just over three years since receiving hookworm therapy and... my MS and allergies are still in complete remission!" (Link expired)

* Two reports by a different individual, written nine months apart.
** "In summary I will say that without a doubt it has been a success for me." (Link expired)
** “So far my hookworm experience in fighting my Relapse Remitting MS has been great! I would say awesome even.” (Link expired)

* The following reports were posted by yet another person, nearly three years apart.
** "It has been 3 years since my last relapse. And since I've had hookworms, all left over traces from my last relapse have disappeared completely… I think that the hookworms have stopped any disease activity and that has allowed my brain time to heal… I'm incredibly happy and relieved with the results, and I encourage anyone with MS to get treated with helminths, the sooner the better.” (Link expired)
** “I've been on HT for almost 4 years now, and I still have not had a relapse or any new or active lesions on my yearly MRI's.” (Link expired)

* "I followed Swank/Jelinek's diet when I was diagnosed eight years ago (2003) and I believe the diet made a huge difference for me but the hookworms stopped my ms progression 100%" (Reported to a closed group, Sept 2011)

* "I realized - after a few comments from friends - that I had stopped craving ADD drugs like Vyvanse and Adderall for their sheer energizing effect, stopped drinking – ready for this? – a pot and a half of coffee a day. I had more energy than I have had in something like 15 years. The afternoon fatigue wasn’t there as strongly – still there but reduced in its ability to floor me. I didn’t wake up tired and ready to go back to bed… All in all, I'm a happy girl so far. To have some energy back - not complete but so, so much better - is beyond joyful." (Reported by an MS patient, 4 months after inoculation, in a private discussion, Dec 2011.)

* "… had 3rd top up last week and since then almost symptom free - just slight nerve fatigue towards end of the day." (Reported in a private discussion, Feb 2012)

* "… while my M.S. hasn't disappeared, I've been consistently stronger with no long weak periods, no more daily or every other day elevated temperature leading to falling and exhaustion, and I'm starting to remember what feeling "normal" feels like..." (Link expired)

* "Two months after I took the hookworms, all my MS symptoms vanished. I have not had a relapse or any kind of MS activity since I started hookworm therapy. Every brain MRI that I have had (4 of them) has shown no active lesions and no new lesions. In fact, a few lesions have actually disappeared… As far as I am concerned, hookworm therapy has been a total success so far, and I recommend it to anyone with MS." (Link expired)

* "I am on Necator Americanus starting in September 2007. I reached complete remission in six months. I'm happy to report my MS is still in remission!" (Reported to a closed group, Nov 2012)

* The following two reports are by the same blogger, two years apart.
** “… my MS has pretty much been benign since my initial diagnosis almost 5 years ago; I have still had what I call “ghost symptoms” from time to time. These are not real relapses. They happen when I get overheated or have a fever. The body mimics MS symptoms like tingling in the feet or hands and extreme fatigue. Since my wormies moved in, I’ve experienced none of these. I have been able to be out in the heat of the summer without problems. In a lot of ways, the last 6 months have been absolutely fantastic!” [http://moderndaym.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/hooked-up.html]
** "My MS has been pretty much non-existent. So much so that some days I can almost forget about it… When I take a step back to analyze where I am health wise now as opposed to where I was 2 or more years ago, the results truly have been life changing." [http://moderndaym.blogspot.co.uk/2013/05/still-hooked.html]

* "18 months so far. Nothing to report! All symptoms have disappeared late summer of 2011 and since it's all quiet. Is there anything else to add?" (Reported to a closed group, Jan 2013)

* "My most recent MRI… showed no new disease activity over the last year. Yay! Over the last two years I have made numerous life changes including beginning a disease modifying therapy, helminthic therapy, a transition to a pesco-vegetarian diet, stress reduction techniques, and regular exercise. My doctor is telling me to keep doing the same stuff, including the helminthic therapy." (Reported Mar 2013, two years after diagnosis, following inoculations with a total of 135 hookworm larvae.)

* ☹️ "Since I'm not having the desired effect for my MS from the 230 HW I've been hosting for more than two years, and the 1500 WW I've been hosting for about a year, I'm considering terminating them and trying TSO for a while." (Link expired)

* "Have been inoculated with hookworms since Sept of 2011. Dietary changes were made years ago and I now have been off any MS medication for over 2 months and am feeling and doing very well." (Reported to a closed group, July 2013)

* "Since my second "dose" I can now lift my left leg which I couldn't do before. I actually can walk around without my cane at times. In fact, the other day I was walking around my daughter-in-law's home and my grandson tells me "Grandma, you aren't using your cane". I didn't even realize that I wasn't using it. I can feel that this therapy is working and I am slowly getting stronger. I now feel like I have hope for a better future with being able to function better." (Reported in a private message, July 2013)

* “The more important results were my M.S. results which I have responded very well to. I have not had any symptoms since one month after inoculation…now I do not need MS meds or anything.. They are truly a miracle for me..” (Link expired)

* “Coming up to 3 year anniversary of starting Helminthic therapy. Overall things very good. No significant relapses. Holding down very well paid job and loving it.” (Posted to a closed group, Jan 2014)

* The following reports are all from one individual who was diagnosed in 2012 and has hosted NA since 2013.
** “Had my MRI results this week (after 3 inoculations with NA) and compared them to 2 years ago. My brain lesions have disappeared… I am taking no MS meds, just Paleo diet and 20,000 ius Vitamin D daily. My gait has improved and neurologist tested it this week. I am full of energy and back in full time work.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/614921948563764/?qa_ref=pp&comment_id=673178322738126&offset=0&total_comments=43]
** “All the MRI’s this year (2018) showed no active lesions and no new brain lesions. I have had lots of energy, I am working and even took up Tango! I dance 💃🏻 for hours in 3 inch stilettos 👠!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=1920174818038464&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R3%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=1920176598038286&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]
** “After 7 years of only Helminthic Therapy, I am (still) in remission from MS!!!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=2503104803078793]
** "Got my results for my 10th year MRI’s. The results from the brain, cervical and thoracic images with and without contrast show no new or active lesions once more! Feeling grateful for my helminth population!!! I have only inoculated with hookworms in all these years. I have had no antibiotics, nor steroids, nor medicine!!! I love my old friends!" [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5591839860871923/]

* ☹️ "Unfortunately, I am not a success story with helminthic therapy. I was diagnosed 20 years ago with RRMS, but my condition has since progressed to SPMS. I had hookworms for about three years. It completely cured my allergies, but my multiple sclerosis did not improve. During the three years, I experimented with many different doses of hookworm and found that my MS symptoms were continuing to progress slowly. In 2012 or 2013, I got a severe stomach bug and had the worst MS attack of my life. After that, I stopped trying HT and continued back onto disease modifying medication." (Via private message.)

* “What a difference a year and 12 hookworms can make! Yesterday I went snowboarding!!!! Woo!!! Last time I tried that was 13 months ago, and it didn't go well. But yesterday went great! Nerve pain in my feet has diminished so I could wear boots. My fatigue and depression have eased. Had no vertigo. I could control my legs and my eyes were rock solid steady. I could wear contact lenses (first time in 1.5 years.) And I could even breathe.” (Link expired)

* “I have very mild MS. I saw total remission with hookworms about 8 years ago, and haven’t had a serious exacerbation since.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1862114863844460/?comment_id=1862139977175282&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R1%22%7D]

* “I've also been using NA for MS, and I think it helps quite a bit.” (Link expired)

* “I have had MS for 10 years, and NA for 3 years without any issues. Prior to NA, relapses came every 6-8 months. Now, since the NA, I have not had a relapse. That’s 3 years with greatly reduced symptoms, including pain. I cannot encourage people enough to get on board with this alternative to standard medicine. It can be in addition to your current treatment too.” (Link expired)

* "I have been on HDC for MS for 6 months. I started slowly on 30 HDC every 2 weeks and stayed on this for a few months. I have good weeks and bad weeks with symptoms which relate to the phases in my monthly cycle, and I found my bad weeks were better than I would expect. After developing a new symptom, I stopped the HDC for 6-8 weeks to see if this was causing it. It wasn’t, and I noticed I was worse in the bad phases of my cycle, so I restarted the HDC. Before that, I had got up to 50 HDC every 2 weeks, and I resumed at that dose for a month. Then I increased it to 100 HDC every 2 weeks. I don’t think I’ve found my optimal dose yet, but there is definitely a positive effect happening for me and, yesterday, my osteopath commented on how well I was walking." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5197543453634901/ this post].)

* "My sister in law has MS and RA, and she’s been in remission since getting on NA with a small amount of TSO." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5927173557338550?comment_id=5929200120469227]

* "I have RRMS. I was in a clinical trial years ago and took TSO. I started with 5 brain lesions and 10 months later had 0. I felt great I was so pleased… Since then I have taken no meds. My MS has only shown one new lesion a few years ago." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6053229198066318/]

'''Reporting your own experience'''

To report your personal experience of using helminthic therapy to treat MS, please use our bespoke [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScO0jHIbjDpjuHxqM0bYuM6MrYvra2KQfkjx2cn99ub50tW5Q/viewform '''reporting tool'''].

== The best helminth species to treat MS ==

In 2015, [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf |Cheng et al]], reported that:
{{Quote|indent}}NA is extremely effective at treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, with a success rate exceeding 90%. The success rate for treating progressive multiple sclerosis is less, at about 50% (source: provider interview).{{Quote|/indent}}

This study found a couple of individuals who had used HDC to treat MS. One of them reported a 40% success rate using HDC alone, while the other reported 100% success by combining HDC with NA. Seven NA users with RRMS all reported a 100% success rate, as did someone who combined TSO with NA.

The MS personal stories reported in this wiki are almost exclusively from NA hosts (see, [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple sclerosis (MS) | '''Helminthic therapy personal stories: MS''']]), so NA is clearly the go-to species for MS. For details of how to use NA, see [[Self-treating with NA |'''Self-treating with NA''']].

==Further reading==

Given that helminthic therapy can take a while to begin producing benefits (occasionally up to 2 years in the case of NA [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/index.php/Hookworm_dosing_and_response#Consistent_improvement_can_begin_anytime_from_3_to_24_months]), it can help to have alternative treatment options to turn to while waiting for the worms to begin to work. The following document contains a wide range of alternative, mostly science-based, natural approaches.

* [[media:Alternative_therapeutic_approaches_for_MS.pdf | '''Alternative therapeutic approaches for MS''']] (PDF)

* 2024 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39329016/ Systematic review of photobiomodulation for multiple sclerosis]

Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases

2026-04-07T16:02:04Z

Jlm: /* Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) */

Helminthic therapy and osteoarthritis

2026-04-07T13:27:37Z

Jlm: /* The anecdotal evidence */ transfer to arthritis page

Helminthic therapy and arthritis

2026-04-07T13:27:13Z

Jlm: /* Osteoarthritis */

Helminthic therapy and arthritis

2026-04-07T13:27:02Z

Jlm: Undo revision 34170 by Jlm (talk)

Helminthic therapy and arthritis

2026-04-07T13:26:37Z

Jlm: /* Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) */

Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases

2026-04-07T11:14:26Z

Jlm: /* Parkinson's disease */

{{Breadcrumb|[[Effects_of_helminthic_therapy|Effects of helminthic therapy]]}}
{{SEO 
|title=Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative disease
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=}}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease Neurodegenerative disease] is a result of the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, potentially leading ultimately to cell death.

Neurodegenerative diseases include [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS)], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)], also known as motor neuron disease / motor neurone disease (MND) and Lou Gehrig's disease, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Alzheimer's disease], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease Parkinson's disease], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies Dementia with Lewy bodies], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington%27s_disease Huntington's disease], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_system_atrophy Multiple system atrophy (MSA)], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion#Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathies Prion diseases].

== Introduction ==

The potential for helminthic therapy to help in addressing neurodegenerative disease can be seen most strikingly in multiple sclerosis, which responds extremely well to the presence of helminths. See [[Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS) | '''Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)''']]

There are also indications that helminths may help in both treating and preventing Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer and dementia.

A 2019 review paper in the journal, Neuropsychiatry[http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration-12989.html], suggested that helminthic therapy may have value in treating other neurodegenerative diseases.

{{Quote|indent}}Although the molecular mechanism of synaptic damage and neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is poorly understood and differ among different types of neurodegenerative processes, however, the presence of neuroinflammation is a common feature of all these dementia. In the advanced stage of neurodegenerative diseases of the late onset, both innate and adaptive immunity are key determinants of the progression of clinical symptoms of neurodegeneration. Therefore, it can be suggested that immunomodulation of chronic inflammation along with attenuation of humoral and cellular autoimmune reactions may be a universal strategy aimed at suppressing the progression of clinical symptoms and improving the current neuronal function in various neurodegenerative diseases. A promising direction for the development of symptomatic neurodegenerative therapy may be the use of immunomodulatory capabilities of our “old” friends” - parasitic worms and intestinal microflora. Both intestinal bacteria and parasitic worms have evolved together with the immune system of mammals for millennia and have become equisitely powerful immunomodulators, capable of altering and suppressing host immune responses, contributing to slow down excessive inflammatory and autoimmune responses. More recent studies also show that the interaction between intestinal parasites and intestinal microflora significantly changes their immunomodulatory capacity; microflora help helminths modulate host immunity. Presumably human lymphocytes after the ex vivo cultures in the presence of intestinal parasites and gut microbiota (“ménage à trois” system) will be more beneficial for the treatment of patients with dementia. Undoubtedly, many basic and preclinical studies must precede the development of procedures and recommendations for the treatment of late-onset neurodegeneration in humans with the help of parasitic worms and intestinal microflora. It seems, however, that this can be a very promising universal therapy, as the dysregulation of inflammatory and autoimmune reactions is significantly present in various neurodegenerative diseases.{{Quote|/indent}}

== Scientific papers ==

* 2025 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40460141/ An experimental study of the dual modulation of the colchicine-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and the soluble product of Dipylidium caninum adult worm] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12132939/ Full text] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12132939/pdf/pone.0324191.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37429945/ Type 2 immunity in the brain and brain borders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616183/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616183/pdf/41423_2023_Article_1043.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37762297/ Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530578/ Full Text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530578/pdf/ijms-24-13994.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 26 [https://holisticprimarycare.net/topics/healthy-aging/parasites-lost-helminths-pleiotropy-and-the-prevention-of-dementia/ Parasites Lost: Helminths, Pleiotropy, and The Prevention of Dementia]

* 2021 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34745091/ Parasite-Derived Excretory-Secretory Products Alleviate Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Improve Cognitive Impairment Induced by a High-Fat Diet] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564115/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564115/pdf/fimmu-12-710513.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}The present study revealed for the first time that the parasite-derived ESPs alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis and improve cognitive impairment induced by a high-fat diet. This finding suggests that parasite-derived molecules may be used to explore novel drug candidates against obesity-associated neurodegenerative diseases.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2020 Oct 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023255/ The Effects of Immune System Modulation on Prion Disease Susceptibility and Pathogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7582561/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7582561/pdf/ijms-21-07299.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32165661/ Accelerated onset of CNS prion disease in mice co-infected with a gastrointestinal helminth pathogen during the preclinical phase] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7067812/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7067812/pdf/41598_2020_Article_61483.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31040320/ Effect of co-infection with a small intestine-restricted helminth pathogen on oral prion disease pathogenesis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6491469/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6491469/pdf/41598_2019_Article_42900.pdf PDF]

* 2019 [http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration-12989.html Parasitic Worms for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration] -- [http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}We find that the outcome of H. polygyrus-dependent immunoregulation is different in healthy, control mice than in mice with existing LPS-induced inflammation. Infection with H. polygyrus protected control mice from some neurodegenerative changes in the brain and reduced depression symptoms, typical for ageing mice. In mice with LPS-induced inflammation and infected with the parasite, the neurodegenerative changes are accompanied by poorer scores of depression, and these were also present in genetically predisposed APPSWE mice.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2018 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31662657/ Biomolecular Changes and Cortical Neurodegenerative Lesions in Trichinella Spiralis Infected BALB/c Mice: A Preliminary Study Elucidating a Potential Relationship Between Systemic Helminthic Infections and Idiopathic Parkinson's]

* 2017 July 14 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180310212639/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/07/14/opinion/sunday/alzheimers-cure-south-america.html An Ancient Cure for Alzheimer’s?] (Pagan Kennedy, New-York Times, Web archive copy.)

* 2017 Apr [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031319 Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5349792/ Full text]
:{{Quote|indent}}We present evidence that the E4 allele, often associated with cognitive decline, AD, and CVD in industrialized populations with minimal parasite burden, was associated with higher cognitive function among Tsimane Amerindians, but only among individuals with evidence of high parasite burden.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2017 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/33225 Effect of congruent gastro-intestinal pathogen infection on oral prion disease susceptibility] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/33225/Sanchez%20Quintero2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis)

* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15278438/ Nematode parasites and scrapie: experiments in sheep and mice]

== Scientific papers not directly related ==

These are pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases on which helminths act.

=== APOE4 & the Tsimane study ===

* 2023 Jun 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37357100/ Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10365028/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10365028/pdf/nihms-1911683.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35262289/ Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in indigenous Bolivian forager-horticulturalists]

* 2021 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586066/ APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8480980/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8480980/pdf/elife-68231.pdf PDF]

* 2018 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646251/ Association of Chronic Low-grade Inflammation With Risk of Alzheimer Disease in ApoE4 Carriers] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6324596/] (Media coverage: [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181019120713.htm Link found between chronic inflammation and risk for Alzheimer's disease])

* 2017 July 14 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180310212639/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/07/14/opinion/sunday/alzheimers-cure-south-america.html An Ancient Cure for Alzheimer’s?] (Pagan Kennedy, New-York Times, Web archive copy.)

* 2017 Apr [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031319 Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5349792/ Full text]

* 2005 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15611352/ APOE4 protects the cognitive development in children with heavy diarrhea burdens in Northeast Brazil]

=== Inflammation ===

* 2026 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41888134/ Sustained visceral fat loss is associated with attenuated brain atrophy and improved cognitive function in late midlife] (Online ahead of print)

* 2026 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41581145/ C9orf72 in myeloid cells prevents an inflammatory response to microbial glycogen] (ALS)

* 2026 Jan 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41493577/ The lifespan continuum of brain disorders: investigating links between neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease-chicken or egg?]

* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41389810/ The gut microbiome, systemic inflammation, and autoimmunity in Parkinson's disease]

* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40952044/ Altered Inflammatory Signature in a C9ORF72 -ALS iPSC-Derived Motor Neuron and Microglia Coculture Model]

* 2025 Dec 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41456636/ Neurodevelopmental origins of neurodegeneration: a lifespan perspective on brain vulnerability]
{{Expando|90+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}
* 2025 Dec 18 [https://tud.qucosa.de/en/landing-page/https%3A%2F%2Ftud.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A101125%2Fmets/ Role of Th17 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2025 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41372772/ Microglia in the crosstalk between peripheral and central nervous systems in Parkinson's disease]

* 2025 Dec 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41449192/ Cytokine-Microglia Interactions in Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Disease Dynamics, and Therapeutic Strategies]

* 2025 Dec 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41438969/ Astrocytic and microglial cell functions in neuroinflammatory diseases and their animal models] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12719527/pdf/fncel-19-1708775.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41476679/ Levodopa exerts neuroprotective effects by suppressing microglial proinflammatory activation in a rat hemi-Parkinson's disease model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12753262/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12753262/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41219399/ Microglia response altered by ALS mutation]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41314100/ Therapeutic prospects of modulating TLR4/MAPK/ROS signalling in obesity-associated neuroinflammation] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332225009990?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41313410/ Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Axis in the Brain: Master Regulator of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders]

* 2025 Nov 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41296103/ Aspirin Attenuates the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Inhibiting the Activities of Microglia in a NF-κB-dependent Complement System-deactivating Mechanism]

* 2025 Nov 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288829/ Rewiring brain immunity: targeting microglial metabolism for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12647335/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12647335/pdf/11011_2025_Article_1739.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41291718/ Activated microglial exosomes enhance α-Synuclein internalization and accelerate neurodegeneration in lewy body dementia] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12649078/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12649078/pdf/12951_2025_Article_3838.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41276714/ The Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring Microbial Influences and Therapeutic Strategies]

* 2025 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41266692/ A mechanistic insight of neuro-inflammation signaling pathways and implication in neurodegenerative disorders]

* 2025 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41356558/ The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: how gut microbiota modulate microglial function] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12678305/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12678305/pdf/fragi-06-1704047.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41261343/ Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanistic Crosstalk and Therapeutic Implications] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12630317/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12630317/pdf/12035_2025_Article_5389.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41357230/ The critical role of Th17 cells and IL-17A in autoimmune and inflammation-associated neurological diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12676946/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12676946/pdf/fimmu-16-1656422.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41202483/ Targeting neuronal activity and neuroinflammation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in a mouse model]

* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41087751/ C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions impair microglial response in ALS]

* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41052547/ Dual role of microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096999612500350X?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40536658/ Advanced clinical stage Parkinson's disease is linked to proinflammatory and regulatory blood cell populations]

* 2025 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40946250/ Evaluating the predictive potential of Th1 (IFN-γ+CD4+)/CD4+ in rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2025 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40893157/ Implicating neuroinflammation in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala with cognitive deficit: a narrative review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12398459/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12398459/pdf/13205_2025_Article_4468.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40931498/ Neuroinflammation across the Spectrum of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Frontiers] -- [https://karger.com/nim/article/32/1/278/933159/Neuroinflammation-across-the-Spectrum-of Full text]

* 2025 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40552323/ Research progress on microglial pyroptosis and inflammasomes: a comprehensive analysis]

* 2025 Jun 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38681666/ Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Dual Roles, and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurological Disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12191620/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12191620/pdf/cimb-47-00417.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40134204/ Vitamin D and canagliflozin combination alleviates Parkinson's disease in rats through modulation of RAC1/NF-κB/Nrf2 interaction]

* 2025 May 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40502532/ The contribution of type-I IFN-mediated neuroinflammation to Parkinson's disease progression] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12152576/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12152576/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332510/ Neuroinflammation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Advances in Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines as Therapeutic Strategies]

* 2025 Apr 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40260242/ NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapies]

* 2025 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39983928/ Short-chain fatty acids in Huntington's disease: Mechanisms of action and their therapeutic implications]

* 2025 Mar 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40163129/ IL-17 A Exacerbated Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Intranasal Amyloid-Beta Model of Alzheimer's Disease]

* 2025 Mar 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40119036/ Acute LPS exposure enhances susceptibility to peripheral prion infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11928655/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11928655/pdf/41598_2025_Article_94003.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40136670/ Microglia in ALS: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential]

* 2025 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40141149/ The Role of IL-17A in Mediating Inflammatory Responses and Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases]

* 2025 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39318236/ Towards an integrated approach for understanding glia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]

* 2025 Feb 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39910474/ Influence of immune cells and inflammatory factors on Alzheimer's disease axis: evidence from mediation Mendelian randomization study]

* 2025 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41466978/ Glial cell crosstalk in Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic strategies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12744648/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12744648/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39223037/ Experimental Periodontitis Worsens Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration]

* 2025 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37897083/ Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids act as mediators of the gut-brain axis targeting age-related neurodegenerative disorders: a narrative review] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10408398.2023.2272769 Full text]

* 2024 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38775138/ Neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: pathogenic insights and therapeutic implications]

* 2024 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38821351/ Microglia and TREM2]

* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38918327/ Mechanistic insights on TLR-4 mediated inflammatory pathway in neurodegenerative diseases]

* 2024 Jun 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38920626/ Elevated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Is Associated with Motor Neuron Degeneration in ALS]

* 2024 May 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38715119/ Neuroinflammation is associated with Alzheimer's disease co-pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11075309/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11075309/pdf/40478_2024_Article_1786.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38681666/ The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: current understanding and future therapeutic targets] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045904/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045904/pdf/fnagi-16-1347987.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37307819/ The Inflammatory Puzzle: Piecing together the Links between Neuroinflammation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]

* 2024 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38303529/ Vitamin D as a Modulator of Neuroinflammation: Implications for Brain Health]

* 2023 Nov 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38003477/ Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Targeted Strategies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10671257/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10671257/pdf/ijms-24-16288.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37744008/ The dual face of microglia (M1/M2) as a potential target in the protective effect of nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative diseases]

* 2023 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36219378/ Early Signs of Neuroinflammation in the Postnatal Wobbler Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]

* 2023 Mar 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37047292/ Glia-Neurotrophic Factor Relationships: Possible Role in Pathobiology of Neuroinflammation-Related Brain Disorders]

* 2023 Mar 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36982866/ Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: From Gene to Clinic: A Systematic Review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10051221/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10051221/pdf/ijms-24-05792.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 11 [https://theses.fr/2018TOUR3309 Neuroinflammation et neuroprotection dans un modèle de maladie de Parkinson précoce (lésion à la 6-hydroxydopamine chez le rat)] -- [https://www.applis.univ-tours.fr/theses/2018/steven.vetel_9884.pdf PDF] (French, thesis)

* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35246670/ Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8895080/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8895080/pdf/41577_2022_Article_684.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36359827/ The Potential Role of Cytotoxic Immune Effectors in Induction, Progression and Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)]

* 2022 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36309345/ Microglia in motor neuron disease: Signaling evidence from last 10 years] (ALS)

* 2022 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35663989/ Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease - Putative Pathomechanisms and Targets for Disease-Modification] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9158130/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9158130/pdf/fimmu-13-878771.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 9 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41984-022-00150-4 Peripheral inflammation and neurodegeneration; a potential for therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]

* 2022 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459141/ The role of Th17 cells/IL-17A in AD, PD, ALS and the strategic therapy targeting on IL-17A]

* 2022 Mar 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35027409/ Neuroimmunometabolism: A New Pathological Nexus Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8916763/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8916763/pdf/zns1888.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Feb 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35250543/ Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases]

* 2022 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34874625/ Microglial TREM2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2021 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34881085/ Intestinal Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease]

* 2021 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33918092/ The Links between ALS and NF-κB]

* 2021 Feb 23 [https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/2196 Neuroinflammation in Prion Disease]

* 2021 Feb 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33670164/ The Role of the Inflammasome in Neurodegenerative Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7916884/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7916884/pdf/molecules-26-00953.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33427296/ The microglial component of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2020 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32676989/ Absence of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product (RAGE) Reduces Inflammation and Extends Survival in the hSOD1G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]

* 2020 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33132897/ Interleukin-17A: The Key Cytokine in Neurodegenerative Diseases]

* 2020 Apr 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32022838/ Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells alleviates aging-associated cognitive decline] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7144523/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7144523/pdf/JEM_20190915.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Apr 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246039/ Peripheral proinflammatory Th1/Th17 immune cell shift is linked to disease severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2019 Nov 2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20240629014030/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319938 Could inflammation in midlife predict dementia?]

* 2019 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31351185/ IL-17A exacerbates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by activating microglia in rodent models of Parkinson's disease]

* 2019 Mar 4 [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/for-alzheimers-sufferers-brain-inflammation-ignites-a-neuron-killing-forest-fire/ For Alzheimer’s Sufferers, Brain Inflammation Ignites a Neuron-Killing “Forest Fire”]

* 2018 Oct 21 [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/885271 Cutting Inflammation Key to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Prevention?]

* 2018 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646251/ Association of Chronic Low-grade Inflammation With Risk of Alzheimer Disease in ApoE4 Carriers] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6324596/] (Media coverage: [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181019120713.htm Link found between chronic inflammation and risk for Alzheimer's disease])

* 2018 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29702373/ The association of mid-to late-life systemic inflammation with white matter structure in older adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study ] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6010227/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6010227/pdf/nihms973478.pdf PDF] (Press release [https://web.archive.org/web/20210126125924/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/jhm-mtl070218.php Mid- to late-life increases in marker for chronic inflammation are tied to dementia])

* 2018 Jul 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29979986/ Th17 Lymphocytes Induce Neuronal Cell Death in a Human iPSC-Based Model of Parkinson’s Disease] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(18)30297-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1934590918302972%3Fshowall%3Dtrue Full text] (Media coverage: 2018 Jul 23 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180724110454/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322542.php Is Parkinson's an autoimmune disease? More evidence emerges])

* 2018 May 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30009205/ Immunosuppressants and risk of Parkinson disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6043771/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6043771/pdf/ACN3-5-870.pdf PDF] (Media coverage: [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180531084423.htm Drugs that suppress immune system may protect against Parkinson’s])

* 2017 Dec 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29293211/ Microglia-derived ASC specks cross-seed amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease] (Nature) (Media coverage: [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171220131656.htm Inflammation drives progression of Alzheimer's])

* 2017 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29202771/ Selective proliferative response of microglia to alternative polarization signals]

* 2017 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28763002/ Toll-Like Receptor-4 Inhibitor TAK-242 Attenuates Motor Dysfunction and Spinal Cord Pathology in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Model]

* 2017 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28790913/ The Dual Role of Microglia in ALS: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches]

* 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28042771 Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Antioxidants Regulate Expression Levels of MicroRNAs in Parkinson's Disease]

* 2016 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/25883 Role of mononuclear phagocytes in prion pathogenesis] (Thesis)

* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26157121/ The Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Small Intestine, Not the Large Intestine, Play a Major Role in Oral Prion Disease Pathogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4542385/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4542385/pdf/zjv9532.pdf PDF]

* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25446571/ The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases]

* 2015 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25962427/ Absence of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) extends survival in the hSOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2014 Dec 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25441979/ T-cell-mediated regulation of neuroinflammation involved in neurodegenerative diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258012/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258012/pdf/12974_2014_Article_201.pdf PDF]

* 2014 Mar 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24607225/ Microglia induce motor neuron death via the classical NF-κB pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2011 May 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21586125/ Exacerbation of CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration by systemic LPS treatment is independent of circulating IL-1β and IL-6] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3119173/ Full text]

* 2008 Sept 17 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090214030241/http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/09/17/brain-inflammation-speeds-dementia/2949.html Brain Inflammation Speeds Dementia]
{{Expando}}

=== ILC2 ===

* 2025 Sep 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40614604/ Innate immunity in the brain: ILC2s as modulators of CNS disorders]
* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34489558/ The role of meningeal populations of type II innate lymphoid cells in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases]

=== Tregs ===

* 2026 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41512846/ Next steps in regulatory T cells: Biology and clinical application] (ALS)
* 2025 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41268269/ The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries]
* 2025 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40536658/ Advanced clinical stage Parkinson's disease is linked to proinflammatory and regulatory blood cell populations]
* 2025 Jul 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40615880/ Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized clinical trial]
* 2025 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40536993/ Regulatory T cells in neurological disorders and tissue regeneration: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials]
* 2025 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40354799/ Efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 as an add-on therapy to riluzole (MIROCALS): a phase 2b, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial]
* 2025 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845951/ Tregs levels and phenotype modifications during Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis course]
* 2023 Aug 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37614669/ Transient anxiety-and depression-like behaviors are linked to the depletion of Foxp3-expressing cells via inflammasome in the brain]
* 2022 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35445431/ Tregs Attenuate Peripheral Oxidative Stress and Acute Phase Proteins in ALS]
* 2018 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29507936/ The Role of Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
* 2018 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29507931/ Association of Regulatory T-Cell Expansion With Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Study of Humans and a Transgenic Mouse Model]
:{{Quote|indent}}These findings establish a neuroprotective effect of Tregs, possibly mediated by suppression of toxic neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Strategies aimed at enhancing the Treg population and neuroprotective activity from the periphery may prove therapeutically useful for patients with ALS.{{Quote|/indent}}

=== Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation ===

* 2026 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41539110/ Gut virome plays an extended role with bacteriome in neurological health and disease] (also [https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175983852.28276315/v1 preprint] for full version)
* 2026 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41575675/ Age-driven dysbiosis: gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of aging disorders]
* 2026 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41597211/ The Microbiome-Neurodegeneration Interface: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions]
* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41389810/ The gut microbiome, systemic inflammation, and autoimmunity in Parkinson's disease]
* 2025 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41467439/ Microbiota-gut-brain axis and bile acids-driven neuromodulation] -- [https://journals.lww.com/nrronline/abstract/9900/microbiota_gut_brain_axis_and_bile_acids_driven.1093.aspx Full text]
* 2025 Dec 23 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1637976/abstract Targeting Gut-Brain-Immune Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
{{Expando|80+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}
* 2025 Dec 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41465592/ Gut-Brain Axis and Bile Acid Signaling: Linking Microbial Metabolism to Brain Function and Metabolic Regulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12733927/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12733927/pdf/ijms-26-12167.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41459056/ Leveraging microbiome-based interventions to improve the management of neurodegenerative diseases: evidence for effects along the microbiota-gut-brain axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12739961/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12739961/pdf/fnut-12-1699884.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Dec 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41350593/ Supplementation with short-chain fatty acids and a prebiotic improves clinical outcome in Parkinson's disease: a randomized double-blind prospective study] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12770440/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12770440/pdf/41598_2025_Article_29692.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Dec 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41440958/ Heart Failure and Cognitive Impairment Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiome: A Narrative Review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12733706/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12733706/pdf/jpm-15-00595.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40902672/ Tailoring the biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease using a gut microbiome-centric approach: Preclinical, clinical, and regulatory perspectives]
* 2025 Nov 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41462629/ Short-Chain Fatty Acids Enhance EAAT2-Mediated Glutamate Clearance and Alleviate Oxidative Stress in an MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12729909/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12729909/pdf/antioxidants-14-01429.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41299728/ Molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolites in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: implications for precision therapeutics] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12752256/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12752256/pdf/13041_2025_Article_1263.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41373461/ Emerging Roles of Bile Acids in Neuroinflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12692218/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12692218/pdf/ijms-26-11301.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41273600/ Mechanistic Interplay of Gut Microbiota and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Neurodegenerative Diseases]
* 2025 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41356819/ Effects of intermittent fasting on brain health via the gut-brain axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12679884/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12679884/pdf/fnut-12-1696733.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41201719/ Microbiota Dysbiosis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human Studies]
* 2025 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41186720/ The gut-brain axis: role of gut microbiota in neurological disease pathogenesis and pharmacotherapeutics]
* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40937571/ Role of the gut-brain axis in neurological diseases: Molecular connections and therapeutic implications (Review)]
* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40804450/ Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12575876/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12575876/pdf/41423_2025_Article_1333.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40803456/ Prebiotics improve motor function, cognition and gut health in a preclinical model of Huntington's disease] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159125003095?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2025 Oct 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41123675/ Short-Chain Fatty Acids as a Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Neurodegeneration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12546209/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12546209/pdf/10571_2025_Article_1609.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41099783/ Interplay between gut Microbiome and glymphatic system in cognitive function and memory regulation]
* 2025 Oct 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41085348/ The intricate microbial-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: a review of microbiota-targeted strategies]
* 2025 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41093142/ Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and its modulation through probiotic supplementation] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159125003800?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2025 Oct 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41148793/ Influence of the Gut Microbiota on the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Literature Review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12564258/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12564258/pdf/cells-14-01578.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41042380/ Integrative genomics and functional immunology reveal Clostridia species as modulators of neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]
* 2025 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41104042/ The microbiota-gut-brain axis in mental and neurodegenerative disorders: opportunities for prevention and intervention] -- [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1667448/full Full text]
* 2025 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41069328/ Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Modulates Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Gene Expression and Protein Aggregation in 3xTg-AD Mice via the Gut-Brain Axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12511787/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12511787/pdf/BRB3-15-e70946.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40323507/ The microbiota-gut-brain-axis theory: role of gut microbiota modulators (GMMs) in gastrointestinal, neurological, and mental health disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12511254/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12511254/pdf/210_2025_Article_4155.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41097145/ Precision Nutrition and Gut-Brain Axis Modulation in the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12526097/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12526097/pdf/nutrients-17-03068.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41154611/ Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Longitudinal Effects of Disease and Mediterranean Diet Intervention]
* 2025 Sep 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40993787/ Synbiotics in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic prospects] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12462281/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12462281/pdf/12967_2025_Article_7064.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41097131/ Diet as a Modulator of Gut Microbiota May Reduce Alzheimer's Disease Risk] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/19/3053 Full text]
* 2025 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40965029/ Unveiling Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Challenges and Future Perspectives]
* 2025 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40952592/ Microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12436269/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12436269/pdf/43556_2025_Article_307.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41011478/ Human Microbiome as an Immunoregulatory Axis: Mechanisms, Dysbiosis, and Therapeutic Modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12472381/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/41011478/ PDF]
* 2025 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41009474/ The Interplay of Inflammation and Gut-Microbiota Dysbiosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12469281/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12469281/pdf/ijms-26-08905.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40903950/ Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system]
* 2025 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40908772/ The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Connection: A New Horizon in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders]
* 2025 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40943341/ The Emerging Role of the Brain-Gut Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Perspectives]
* 2025 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41007667/ Gut Microbiota in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: Current Insights and Therapeutic Implications]
* 2025 Aug 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40614920/ Parkinson's disease and the gut microbiota connection: unveiling dysbiosis and exploring therapeutic horizons]
* 2025 Aug 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40791147/ Gut microbial metabolites and the brain-gut axis in Alzheimer's disease: A review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12505531/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12505531/pdf/bb-2025-12921.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40881681/ Gut microbiota remodeling exacerbates neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction via the microbiota-gut-brain axis in prenatal VPA-exposed C57BL/6 mice offspring] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12380706/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12380706/pdf/fimmu-16-1633680.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40348172/ Stage-dependent efficacy of short-chain fatty acids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Insights into autophagy and neuroprotection]
* 2025 Jul 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40608189/ Dysbiosis and Neurodegeneration in ALS: Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis]
* 2025 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40642089/ Gut microbiota-driven neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12241022/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12241022/pdf/fimmu-16-1582119.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40584220/ Bridging the brain and gut: neuroimmune mechanisms of neuroinflammation and therapeutic insights] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12202344/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12202344/pdf/fncel-19-1590002.pdf PDF]
* 2025 May 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40525139/ The microbial guardians: Unveiling the role of gut microbiota in shaping neurodegenerative disease]
* 2025 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40314217/ The role of gut microbiota-mitochondria crosstalk in neurodegeneration: Underlying mechanisms and potential therapies]
* 2025 Apr 24 [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01253-2 Parkinson's gut-microbiota links raise treatment possibilities] (Nature)
* 2025 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40087204/ Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Microbiome: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Processes]
* 2025 Mar 5 [https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3064/3/1/8 Microbial Influences on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The Gut–Brain Axis and Therapeutic Potential of Microbiota Modulation]
* 2025 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39317889/ Gut Microbiota Mediates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Key Factors and Mechanistic Insights]
* 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39562408/ A review on gut microbiota and miRNA crosstalk: implications for Alzheimer's disease]
* 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39800223/ Gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease: Understanding molecular pathways and potential therapeutic perspectives]
* 2025 Jan 25 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40473-024-00292-9 The Role of Gut Microbiota-derived Short Chain Fatty Acids in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
* 2025 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40414644/ Altered microbiome influence on the enteric neuromuscular system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]
* 2024 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39695988/ Exploring the gut-brain axis in alzheimer's disease treatment via probiotics: evidence from animal studies-a systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11657461/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11657461/pdf/12883_2024_Article_3978.pdf PDF]
* 2024 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39293678/ Linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to molecular pathways in Alzheimer's disease]
* 2024 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39321881/ Microglia and gut microbiota: A double-edged sword in Alzheimer's disease]
* 2024 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39379597/ Examining the complex Interplay between gut microbiota abundance and short-chain fatty acid production in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients shortly after onset of disease]
* 2024 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39460538/ The Gut Microbiota Modulates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Elucidating Crucial Factors and Mechanistic Underpinnings] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11512114/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11512114/pdf/CNS-30-e70091.pdf PDF]
* 2024 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37787835/ The gut microbiome: an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic advances]
* 2024 Jul 10 [https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/MEM-UNIV-BORDEAUX/dumas-04642929v1 Le microbiote intestinal, la clé de notre santé mentale ? Implication de l'axe intestin-cerveau dans la physiopathologie de la dépression et de la maladie de Parkinson] -- [https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-04642929v1/file/Pharmacie_2024_Quimeby.pdf PDF] (French, pharma thesis)
* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38479921/ Gut instincts: Unveiling the connection between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease]
* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38848023/ The connection between gut microbiota and its metabolites with neurodegenerative diseases in humans]
* 2024 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39403057/ Gut Microbiome in Alzheimer's Disease: from Mice to Humans] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11451315/ Full text]
* 2024 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38474719/ Gut-Modulating Agents and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives]
* 2024 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37307822/ Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Historical Overview and Future Directions]
* 2023 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960284/ Understanding the Gut-Brain Axis and Its Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders]
* 2023 Oct 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37894774/ The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Cross-Talk with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review]
* 2023 May 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36893982/ Gut Microbiota, an Additional Hallmark of Human Aging and Neurodegeneration] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452223000921 Full text]
* 2023 Apr 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37153665/ Modulation of the gut-brain axis via the gut microbiota: a new era in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]
* 2022 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36477191/ Fatty acids derived from the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 suppress age-dependent neurodegeneration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9729297/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9729297/pdf/42003_2022_Article_4295.pdf PDF] (Media coverage: [https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-probiotic-als.html A protective probiotic for ALS found])
* 2022 Dec [https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0422979?o=22 The gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease] (Thesis, British Columbia)
* 2022 Oct 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36389228/ The interplay between the gut-brain axis and the microbiome: A perspective on psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9650127/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9650127/pdf/fnins-16-1030694.pdf PDF]
* 2022 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34536490/ Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle]
* 2022 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35563253/ The Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9104401/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9104401/pdf/ijms-23-04862.pdf PDF]
* 2021 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35070441/ Effects of gut microbiota and probiotics on Alzheimer's disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8713066/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8713066/pdf/tnsci-2020-0203.pdf PDF]
* 2021 Aug 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34445575/ The Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Current and Future Perspectives]
* 2021 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34243604/ Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders]
* 2020 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33153085/ Do the Bugs in Your Gut Eat Your Memories? Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7693835/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7693835/pdf/brainsci-10-00814.pdf PDF]
* 2019 Oct [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31254094 Evidence for bidirectional and trans-synaptic parasympathetic and sympathetic propagation of alpha-synuclein in rats] (Parkinson)
* 2018 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30114473/ Unhealthy gut, unhealthy brain: The role of the intestinal microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases]
* 2018 May 8 [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/does-parkinsons-begin-in-the-gut/ Does Parkinson’s Begin in the Gut?]
* 2008 Jul [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18557892 Parkinson's disease and the gut: a well known clinical association in need of an effective cure and explanation]
{{Expando}}

=== Blood-brain barrier ===

* 2025 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40238886/ Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia mutation reduces endothelial TDP-43 and causes blood-brain barrier defects]
* 2024 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39765790/ Role of Oxidative Stress in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurodegenerative Diseases]

=== Autoimmune hypothesis ===

* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41389810/ The gut microbiome, systemic inflammation, and autoimmunity in Parkinson's disease]
* 2022 Nov 16 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230922160718/https://www.theepochtimes.com/health/is-the-commonly-accepted-cause-of-alzheimers-wrong-expert-its-an-autoimmune-disease-4865585 Scientists Say Alzheimer’s Is an Autoimmune Disease, Not Result of Amyloid Plaques]
* 2017 Jun 29 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28636593 T cells from patients with Parkinson’s disease recognize α-synuclein peptides]

=== IL-4 and IL-10 ===

* 2020 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33020569/ IL-4R alpha deficiency influences hippocampal-BDNF signaling pathway to impair reference memory] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7536433/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7536433/pdf/41598_2020_Article_73574.pdf PDF]
* 2019 Jun [https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/2363c032-04c6-43f3-9c16-ee50ff3ff4b6 Characterisation of Host- Parasite- Microbiota Interactions that Drive Hatching in Trichuris Species] (Thesis, Cambridge)
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25446571/ The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases]
* 2011 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20723599/ IL-10 within the CNS is necessary for CD4+ T cells to mediate neuroprotection]

=== Sphingolipids ===

* 2024 Aug 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39130802/ Circulating sphingolipids in relation to cognitive decline and incident dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Study]

=== Prion Paradigm ===

* 2024 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39158847/ Expanding the Prion Paradigm to Include Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases]
* See also [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | '''Helminths and prion diseases''']]

=== Various ===

* 2025 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950010/ Pulmonary Hypertension Promotes Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration] (Preprint)

== Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)''']]

== Alzheimer's disease ==

See the scientific papers section, above.

See also (not directly related) :
* 2025 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41052971/ Rapid amyloid-β clearance and cognitive recovery through multivalent modulation of blood–brain barrier transport] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12500928/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12500928/pdf/41392_2025_Article_2426.pdf PDF] and see press release [https://ibecbarcelona.eu/consiguen-revertir-el-alzheimer-en-ratones-con-el-uso-de-nanoparticulas Scientists reverse Alzheimer’s in mice using nanoparticles]
::To be linked to the Helminths and SPION study[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40460141/] and the fact Helminths could restore the blood-brain barrier.
* 2025 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40751793/ Treatment of age-related decreases in GTP levels restores endocytosis and autophagy] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-025-01786-4 Full text]
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24481197/ Hygiene and the world distribution of Alzheimer's disease: Epidemiological evidence for a relationship between microbial environment and age-adjusted disease burden] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3868447/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3868447/pdf/eot015.pdf PDF]

== Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ==

There are no studies or reports on the benefits of helminth therapy for treating ALS.

There are pathways involved in ALS on which helminths act: neuroinflammation, microglia, M1/M2, Th1/Th17, TLR4, NF-κB, Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation, SCFA, blood-brain barrier etc (see Scientific papers not directly related above).

See also

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41184709/ Dietary modulation of the gut microbiome as a supportive strategy in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - a narrative review]
* 2025 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41103971/ Rethinking ALS: Current understanding and emerging therapeutic strategies]
* 2025 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40097762/ Nutritional Interventions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Ketogenic Diet and Neuroprotective Nutrients to the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Regulation]
* 2024 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39796536/ Nutritional and Microbiota-Based Approaches in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Prevention to Treatment]
* 2022 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36477191/ Fatty acids derived from the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 suppress age-dependent neurodegeneration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9729297/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9729297/pdf/42003_2022_Article_4295.pdf PDF] (Media coverage: [https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-probiotic-als.html A protective probiotic for ALS found])

== Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | '''Helminths and prion diseases''']]

== Dementia ==

There is one tentatively positive report of benefit in dementia.

{{Quote|indent}}I am currently helping someone with dementia. She has been taking NA for one year and whilst we have nothing remotely scientific, her doctors and her husband are pleased that she has not declined and may have some improvements. Early days. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3614015021987760/?comment_id=3616198935102702]{{Quote|/indent}}

== Glaucoma ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Glaucoma | '''Helminthic therapy and vision: Glaucoma''']]

== Mild cognitive impairment ==

See the Scientific papers section, above.

== Huntington's disease ==

See the Scientific papers section, above.

== Multiple sclerosis ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS) | '''Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)''']]

== Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)''']]

== Parkinson's disease ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and Parkinson's disease | '''Helminthic therapy and Parkinson's disease''']]

== Traumatic brain injury ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Traumatic brain injury | '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Traumatic brain injury''']]

== See also ==

* [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#Brain impact | '''Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization / Brain impact''']]

* [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | '''Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization / Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)''']]

* [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders''']]

* [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders''']]

* [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders''']]

Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases

2026-04-07T11:12:51Z

Jlm: /* Pemphigus */

Medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy

2026-04-07T11:12:38Z

Jlm: /* Medical conditions */

{{Breadcrumb}}
{{SEO 
|title=Medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}
<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; border-radius:16px; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;">
'''<font color=#B40431><font size=4>This page is still being developed, so please call back later to read further details as they are added.</font></font>'''<br>
</div>

This page aims to list the medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy.

== Main disease types ==

=== Positive effects ===

* Inflammatory diseases
* Autoimmune diseases
* Asthma and allergies
* Cancer
* Food intolerance
* Eczema
* Fertility
* Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) / Leaky gut
* Autism
* Neurodevelopmental disorders
* Neuropsychiatric diseases
* Neurodegenerative diseases
* Organ transplant
* Sepsis, Peritonitis
* COVID-19, Influenza, Bronchiolitis (VRS)
* Wound healing

=== Potential negative effects ===

Any negative effects seen in cases where therapeutic helminths are being hosted are usually associated with the use of excessive doses or in hosts who are hypersensitive. Negative effects are also typically transient and almost always confined to the period immediately following the initial introduction of the helminths, except in a few cases involving very sensitive individuals.

* Virus: HIV, Astrovirus, Flavivirus (West Nile virus, Zika virus, and Powassan virus), Norovirus, Adenovirus
* Fungus: Cryptococcosis

Effects of helminthic therapy on preexisting infectious diseases are dependent on the particular species being hosted and the dosages used. There are generally far less issues with the four domesticated species when used at therapeutic doses. See this page for more detail.
* [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | '''Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases''']]

None of the specially domesticated species used in helminthic therapy have been reported to cause cancer, but a number of non-therapeutic helminths are well known for their involvement in this disease. See the following page for more detail.
* [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | '''Helminthic therapy and cancer''']]

== Medical specialties ==

* '''Allergology''': Allergies, Asthma, Dermatitis, Rhinitis, Sinusitis
* '''Cardiology''': Acute coronary syndrome, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Atrial fibrillation, Heart Attack, Hypertension, Myocardial infraction, Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy
* '''Dermatology''': Acne, Chronic wounds, Cracked heels, Dermatitis, Dermatitis herpetiformis, Eczema, Hives, Psoriasis, Rosacea, Scleroderma, Urticaria, Vitiligo
* '''Endocrinology''': Addison's disease, Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2), Graves-Basedow, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Osteoporosis, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
* '''Diabetology''': Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)
* '''Gastroenterology''': Appendicitis, Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE), Intestinal Bowel Diseases (Crohn and Ulcerative colitis), Irritable bowel syndrome, Gastric cancer, Colitis cancer
* '''Geriatrics''': Alzheimer, Memory loss, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
* '''Gynaecology''': Adenomyosis, Cervical cancer, Endometriosis, Fertility, Fibromyalgia, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Premenstrual syndrome
* '''Infectiology''': Bronchiolitis, Covid-19, Chronic wounds, Influenza, Sepsis, Prion diseases
* '''Immunology''': Allergies, Asthma, Autoimmune diseases, Dermatitis, Rhinitis, Sinusitis
* '''Intensive care medicine''': Sepsis
* '''Nephrology''': Acute kidney injury, Autoimmune kidney diseases (Glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy), Diabetic nephropathy, Lupus nephritis, Renal Transplant, Sepsis
* '''Neurology''': Headaches, Memory disorders, Ménière's disease, Migraine, Multiple sclerosis, Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Creutzfeldt–Jakob, ...), Neurological disorders, Stroke
* '''Oncology''': B-cell leukemia/lymphoma, Cervical cancer, Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Colitis cancer, Gastric cancer, Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Lymphoma, Pancreatic Cancer
* '''Ophthalmology''': Age-related macular degeneration, Diabetic retinopathy, Dry eye syndrome (DES), Glaucoma, Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
* '''Otorhinolaryngology''': Ménière's disease, Nasal polyps, Rhinosinusitis
* '''Psychiatry''': Anxiety, Bipolar disorder, Depression
* '''Pulmonology''': Asthma, Allergies, Bronchiolitis, Covid-19, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Influenza, Interstitial lung disease, Pneumocystosis, Rhinosinusitis
* '''Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI)''': Fertility
* '''Rheumatology''': Autoimmune diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Lupus, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, Giant cell arteritis), Raynaud's Disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, Septic arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
* '''Urology''': Acute kidney injury, Autoimmune kidney diseases (Glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy), Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Diabetic nephropathy, Lupus nephritis, Renal Transplant, Sepsis

== Medical conditions ==

* SE = Scientific evidence
* CTOS = Clinical Trials and Observational Studies
* PTE = Potential therapeutic effect. No studies yet done.
* PNE = Potential negative effect (unknown with helminthic therapy)
* PS = Personal stories
* UNK = Unknown

'''Concerning Personal stories'''. While anecdotes are not widely accepted as strong evidence in modern medicine, it would seem reasonable to invoke the “parachute paradigm”[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC300808/] in this case. If, like a pilot who jumps from an aeroplane and deploys a parachute, the patient is rescued from an otherwise certain fate, and if the mechanism makes perfect sense, then the anecdote should surely be taken seriously.

* Absence seizures: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Absence_seizures | PS]]
* Acne: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Acne | PS]]
* Actinic keratosis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Actinic keratosis | PS]]
* Acute coronary syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | PTE]]
* Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM): [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) | PTE]]
* Acute kidney injury: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Acute kidney injury | SE]]
* Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease | SE]]
* Acute liver injury: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver | PTE]]
* Acute lung injury (ALI): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease | SE]]
* Addison’s disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Addison’s disease / Primary adrenal insufficiency / Hypocortisolis | PS]]
* Adenocarcinoma: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Breast_cancer | PTE]]
* Adenomyosis: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Adenomyosis | PS]]
* Adenovirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and adenovirus | ❓ PNE]]
* Adenosarcoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Adenosarcoma | PTE]]
* Adhesions: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Adhesions | PS]]
* Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Adrenal fatigue: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Adrenal fatigue | PS]]
* African trypanosomiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | PTE]]
* Aging / Ageing: [[Helminthic therapy and aging | SE, PS]]
* Alcohol dependence: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Alcohol dependence | PTE]]
* Alcohol intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Alcohol intolerance | PS]]
* Allergy: [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | SE, CTOS, PS]]
* Allodynia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Allodynia | PS]]
* Alopecia: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Alopecia areata: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | SE,PS]]
* Alzheimer's: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE,CTOS,AS]]
* American trypanosomiasis (Chagas): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Anaphylaxis: [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Anaemia (anemia): [[Helminthic therapy and nutritional deficiencies | PS]]
* Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Angioedema: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Angioedema | PS]]
* Ankylosing spondylitis: [[Helminthic therapy research | SE]],[[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ankylosing spondylitis | PS]]
* Anxiety: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Appendicitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Appendicitis | SE]]
* Appetite: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Arrhythmia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Arrhythmia | PS]]
* Arterial Stiffness: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Arteriosclerosis | PTE]]
* Arteriosclerosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Arteriosclerosis | PTE]]
* Arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Arteritis | PS]]
* Asthma: [[Helminthic therapy and asthma | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Arthritis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | SE,PS]]
* Arthritis, IBD-related non erosive: [[Thirteen years and counting: maintaining remission with TSO for Crohn's and IBD-related (non erosive) arthritis | PS]]
* Aspirin-induced asthma: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Aspirin-induced asthma / Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome | PS]]
* Astrovirus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and astrovirus | PNE]]
* Atherosclerosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Atherosclerosis | SE]]
* Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, ADD): [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | PS]]
* Autism: [[Helminthic therapy and autism | SE, CTOS]],[[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Autism | PS]]
* Autoimmune hepatitis: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver | SE,PS]]
* Autoimmune kidney disease: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Autoimmune kidney diseases | PS]]
* Autoimmune pain: [[Hookworms relieve chronic autoimmune pain | PS]]
* B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL): [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | SE,PTE]]
* Balanitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Balanitis | PS]]
* Barrett's Oesophagus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Barrett's Oesophagus | PS]]
* Behçet’s disease: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | PS]]
* Benign prostatic hyperplasia: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Benign prostatic hyperplasia | UNK]]
* Berger's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Bipolar disorder: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PS]]
* Bloating: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bloating | PS]]
* Blood pressure-related disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Blood pressure-related disorders | SE,PS]]
* Body temperature, poor control of: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Body temperature, poor control of | PS]]
* Bordetella Pertussis infection: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Brain fog: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#"Brain fog" | PS]]
* Brain trauma: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders | PTE]]
* Bronchiectasis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bronchiectasis | PS]]
* Bronchitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bronchitis | PS]]
* Bruising: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bruising | PS]]
* Bladder pain: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease | SE]]
* Blood pressure: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypertension / high blood pressure | PS]]
* Body weight: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | SE]],[[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Bone healing ability, loss of in the elderly
* Burns: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Burns | SE]]
* Breast cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Breast_cancer | PTE]]
* Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Candida: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Candida | PS]]
* Car sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Car sickness | PS]]
* Cardiovascular disease: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | SE]]
* Celiac / Coeliac disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Coeliac / celiac disease | PS]]
* Cervical cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Papillomavirus induced cervical cancer | SE,PTE]]
* Chagas disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Chemical sensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chemical sensitivity | PS]]
* Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis | SE]]
* Chikungunya virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) | PTE]]
* Chemotherapy-induced pathologies: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Chronic cough: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic cough | PS]]
* Chronic fatigue syndrome (EM/CFS): [[Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS | PS]]
* Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | PS]]
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): [[Helminthic therapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | PS]]
* Chronic wounds: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Chronic wounds | SE]]
* Churg–Strauss syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Clostridium difficile infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and Clostridium difficile | PS,PTE]]
* Cognition, poor: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cognition, poor | PS]]
* Cognitive dysfunction
* Cold sore (Herpes): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and herpes | PS,❓ PNE]]
* Colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Colitis | PS]]
* Colorectal Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Colorectal cancer | SE,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Constipation: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37449458/ SE],[[Helminthic therapy and bowel function | PS]]
* Contact dermatitis: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Contact dermatitis | SE,PS]]
* COVID-19: [[Helminthic therapy and COVID-19 | SE, CTOS, PS]]
* Cracked heels: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cracked heels | PS]]
* Cramps (abdominal): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cramps (abdominal) | PS]]
* Cranial arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Crohn's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Crohn's-Like ileitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Crohn's-Like ileitis | SE]]
* Cryptococcosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and fungus | ❓ PNE]]
* Cystic fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cystic fibrosis | UNK]]
* Dandruff: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dandruff | PS]]
* Dementia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dementia | PS]]
* Demodex mites: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Demodex mites | PTE]]
* Dengue: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Dengue | UNK]]
* Depression / low mood: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Dermatitis
* Dermatitis herpetiformis: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Dermatitis herpetiformis | PS]]
* Dermatographia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dermatographia | PS]]
* Dermatomyositis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dermatomyositis | PS]]
* Desmoid tumors: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Desmoid tumors | UNK]]
* Developmental delay: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Developmental delay | PS]]
* Diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and diabetes | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Diabetic nephropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Diabetic nephropathy | PTE]]
* Diabetic retinopathy: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Diabetic retinopathy | PTE]]
* Diarrhea / diarrhoea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Diarrhea / diarrhoea | PS]]
* Diverticular disease (diverticulosis / diverticulitis): [[Helminthic therapy and diverticular disease | PS]]
* Dry eye syndrome (DES): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dry eye syndrome (DES) / keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) | PS]]
* Dysautonomia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dysautonomia | PS]]
* Dyslipidemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Dyslipidemia | SE,PS]]
* Dysmenorrhoea / dysmenorrhea: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Ebola: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Ebola | UNK]]
* Eczema: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eczema / dermatitis | PS]]
* Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS): [[Helminthic therapy and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) | PS]]
* Encephalitis
* Epilepsy: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | PTE]]
* Endolymphatic hydrops: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops | PS]]
* Endometriosis: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Endometriosis | PS]]
* Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Epstein–Barr virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) | CTOS,PS]]
* Erythromelalgia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Erythromelalgia | PS]]
* Eosinophilic enterocolitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eosinophilic enterocolitis | PS]]
* Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE) | PS]]
* Escherichia coli enteropathogenic infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Escherichia coli | UNK]]
* Fatigue: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Fatigue | PS]]
* Fertility: [[Helminthic therapy and fertility | PS]]
* Fibromyalgia: [[Helminthic therapy and fibromyalgia | PS]]
* Fibrosarcoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Adenosarcoma | PTE]]
* Flavivirus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | PNE]]
* Flu: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Food allergy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Food allergy | PS]]
* Food intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Food intolerance | PS]]
* Frozen shoulder: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Gastric cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Gastric cancer | SE,CTOS]]
* Gastric ulcer: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Helicobacter pylori | SE,PS]]
* Gastroenteritis (norovirus,adenovirus): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | PNE]]
* Gastroenteritis (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Escherichia coli | UNK]]
* GERD (reflux): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#GERD (reflux) | PS]]
* Giant cell arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Giardiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and giardia infections | CTOS]]
* Glandular fever: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever | PS]]
* Glaucoma: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases#Glaucoma | PTE]]
* Glioma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | UNK]]
* Glomerulonephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Glomerulonephritis | UNK]]
* Gluten-related disorders
* Gout: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Gout arthritis | SE]]
* Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): [[Helminthic therapy and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) | SE,PTE]]
* Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Graves' disease
* Gluten ataxia: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Gluten ataxia | PS]]
* Gluten sensitivity
* Guillain–Barré syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and vaccines#Can helminths help to treat vaccine injuries? | PTE]]
* Gulf War Illness: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Gulf War Illness | PTE]]
* Gut microbiota
* Hashimoto's thyroiditis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hashimoto's thyroiditis / Graves' disease | PS]]
* Hair colour change: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Hair growth: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Hair loss: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Headaches: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Migraine and headaches | PS]]
* Heart failure: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | PTE]]
* Heavy metal accumulation: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Heavy metal accumulation | PTE]]
* Helicobacter pylori infection: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Helicobacter pylori infection | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Hemarthrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Hemophilic arthropathy | SE]]
* Hemophilic arthropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Hemophilic arthropathy | SE]]
* Henoch-Schönlein purpura: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis#Henoch-Schönlein purpura | UNK]]
* Hepatitis virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and hepatitis virus | UNK]]
* Herpes: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and herpes | PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Herpes zoster: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]
* High blood pressure: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypertension / high blood pressure | PS]]
* Histamine intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Histamine intolerance | PS]]
* HIV: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and HIV | ❓ PNE]]
* HIV-Helminth co-infections cancer risk: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#HIV-Helminth co-infections and cancer risk | ❓ PNE]]
* Hives: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hives / Urticaria | PS]]
* Horton's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Hot flashes (hot flushes): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hot flashes (hot flushes) | PS]]
* Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) | ❓ PNE]]
* Huntington's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | PTE]]
* Hyperactivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hyperactivity | PS]]
* Hyperemesis gravidarum
* Hypertension: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Blood pressure-related disorders | SE,PS]]
* Hyperthyroidism: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hyperthyroidism / overactive thyroid | PS]]
* Hyperuricemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Hyperuricemia | SE]]
* Hypochlorhydria: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypochlorhydria / low stomach acid | PS]]
* Hypocortisolism
* Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycaemia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycaemia | PS]]
* Hypothyroidism: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypothyroidism / underactive thyroid | PS]]
* Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) | UNK]]
* Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | PTE]]
* Idiopathic urticaria and eczema
* IgA nephropathy (IgAN): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Ileitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Crohn's-Like ileitis | SE]]
* Ischemia-reperfusion injury: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) | SE]]
* Immune disorders
* Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) / Immune thrombocytopenia: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) | SE]]
* Infectious diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Inflammaging: [[Helminthic therapy and aging | SE]], PS
* Inflammation: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Inflammation | PS]]
* Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
* Influenza: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Insect bite reactions: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Insect bite reactions | PS]]
* Insomnia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Insomnia | PS]]
* Insulin resistance
* Interstitial cystitis (IC): [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Interstitial cystitis (IC) | PS]]
* Interstitial lung disease (ILD): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Interstitial lung disease (ILD) | PS]]
* Irritability: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Irritability | PS]]
* Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): [[Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | SE,PS]]
* Joint replacement, failure of
* Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
* Keratosis pilaris: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Keratosis pilaris | PS]]
* Kidney pathology: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Kidney pathology | PS]]
* Kuru disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Labyrinthitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Labyrinthitis | PS]]
* Lactose intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lactose intolerance | PS]]
* Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): [[Helminthic therapy and diabetes | PS]]
* Leaky gut syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#“Leaky gut” | PS]]
* Leg ulcers, recalcitrant
* Leishmaniasis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and leishmaniasis | PNE]]
* Leprosy: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and leprosy | PNE]]
* Leptospirosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Leptospirosis | UNK]]
* Leukemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Lewis-Sumner syndrome (LSS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | PS]]
* Lichen planus: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Lichen planus | PS]]
* Lichen sclerosus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lichen sclerosus | PS]]
* Lifespan reduction
* Listeria monocytogenes infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Listeria monocytogenes | SE]]
* Liver
* Liver Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Liver Cancer | UNK]]
* Liver fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver#Liver fibrosis | UNK]]
* Long Covid: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Long Covid | PS]]
* Low mood: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Depression | PS]]
* Lung Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Lung Cancer | UNK]]
* Lupus: [[Helminthic therapy and lupus | SE,PS]]
* Lupus Nephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and lupus#Lupus Nephritis | SE,PS]]
* Lyme disease: [[Helminthic therapy and Lyme disease | PS]]
* Lymphocytic colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lymphocytic colitis | PS]]
* Lymphoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Macular degeneration: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | PTE]]
* Malaria: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and malaria | SE, PTE, PNE]]
* Malnutrition: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Malnutrition | PS]]
* Mast cell disorders (MCAS, MCAD)
* Melanoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Melanoma | UNK]]
* Memory disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Memory disorders | SE,PS]]
* Memory loss: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Memory disorders | PS]]
* Menstruation: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Microscopic colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Microscopic colitis | PS]]
* Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Ménière's disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops | PS]]
* Menstruation (painful, irregular): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Metabolic syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Metabolic syndrome | SE]]
* Migraine: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Migraine and headaches | CTOS,PS]]
* Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE]]
* Miscarriage
* Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) | PS]]
* Mood
* Mold (mould) illness / sensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mold (mould) illness / sensitivity | PS]]
* Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever | PS]]
* Mouth ulcers: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mouth ulcers | PS]]
* Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) | PS]]
* Multiple sclerosis (MS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple sclerosis (MS) | PS]]
* Muscle mass loss in the elderly
* Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): [[Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS | PS]]
* Myasthenia gravis: [[Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders#Myasthenia gravis | PS]]
* Myeloma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Myocardial infarction: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Myodesopsia (floaters)
* Myopia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Myopia | PS]]
* Narcolepsy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Narcolepsy | PS]]
* Nasal congestion: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Nasal polyps: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Neuroblastoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | UNK]]
* Neurodegenerative diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE,PS]]
* Neurodevelopmental disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | SE]]
* Neurofibromatosis type I: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders#Neurofibromatosis type I | PTE]]
* Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) | PTE]]
* Neuropathic pain: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Neuropathic pain | PTE]]
* Neuropsychiatric disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Night terror: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Night terror (sleep terror) | PS]]
* Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | SE]]
* Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) | PS]]
* Norovirus (Norwalk virus, winter vomiting disease): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and norovirus | PNE]]
* Nutritional deficiencies
* Obesity: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Obesity) | SE,PS]]
* Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Obstructive sleep apnea
* Oral health: [[Helminthic therapy and oral health | PS]]
* Organ transplantation: [[Helminthic therapy and organ transplantation | SE]]
* Osteoarthritis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | SE,PS]]
* Osteoporosis: [[Helminthic therapy and aging#Osteoporosis | SE]]
* Ovarian cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Ovarian cancer | PTE]]
* Pain, chronic
* Palpitations: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Palpitations | PS]]
* Pancolitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Pancolitis | PS]]
* Pancreatic cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Pancreatic cancer | CTOS]]
* Pancreatitis: [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#Neprilysin alias Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) (Substance P protease) | PTE]]
* PANDAS / PANS: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#PANDAS / PANS | PS]]
* Papillomavirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and papillomavirus) | SE]]
* Parkinson's disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Parkinson’s disease | PS]]
* Periodontitis (gum disease): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Periodontitis (gum disease) | PS]]
* Peritonitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Appendicitis | SE]]
* Pertussis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Peripheral neuropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Peripheral neuropathy | PS]]
* Malaria ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and malaria | PNE]]
* Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | UNK]]
* Pemphigus: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Pemphigus | PTE]]
* Pleurisy: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pleurisy | SE]]
* Pneumocystis pneumonia: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pneumocystosis | SE]]
* Pneumocystosis: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pneumocystosis | SE]]
* Pneumococcal pneumonia: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Streptococcus pneumoniae | PNE]]
* Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | SE]]
* Podocyte injury: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Podocyte injury | UNK]]
* Poisoning: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Poisoning | PTE]]
* Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | PS]]
* Polycythemia: [[Ancylostoma duodenale | SE,CTOS]]
* Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) | PS]]
* Post-stroke depression: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) | PS]]
* Powassan virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Preeclampsia
* Premature birth
* Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | PS]]
* Primary adrenal insufficiency
* Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) | SE,PS]]
* Prion diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Prostatitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Prostatitis | PS]]
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | SE]]
* Psoriasis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Psoriasis | PS]]
* Psoriatic arthritis (PsA): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) | PS]]
* Psychosis: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Pulmonary fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Pulmonary fibrosis | SE]]
* Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Hypofunction: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy and radiation therapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Radiogenic xerostomia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy and radiation therapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) | UNK]]
* Raynaud syndrome / Raynaud's phenomenon: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Restless legs syndrome (RLS) | PS]]
* Recklinghausen syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Neurofibromatosis type I | PTE]]
* Reperfusion injury: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) | SE]]
* Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
* Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): [[Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Rhinitis: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Rhinosinusitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and rhinovirus | UNK]]
* Rhinovirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and rhinovirus | UNK]]
* Rosacea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Rosacea | PS]]
* Salicylate intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Salicylate intolerance | PS]]
* Salmonella: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Salmonella | ❓ PNE]]
* Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Aspirin-induced asthma / Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome | PS]]
* Sacroiliitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sacroiliitis | PS]]
* Sarcoidosis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sarcoidosis | PS]]
* Sciatica: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sciatica | PS]]
* Scleroderma: [[Helminthic therapy and scleroderma | SE,PS]]
* Schistosomiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and other helminths | PTE]]
* Schizophrenia: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PS,PTE]]
* Seborrhoeic dermatitis / seborrheic dermatitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Seborrhoeic dermatitis / seborrheic dermatitis | PS]]
* Sensory hypersensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sensory hypersensitivity | PS]]
* Sepsis: [[Helminthic therapy and sepsis | SE,CTOS]]
* Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD): [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA): [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PS]]
* Sexual function
* Shingles / Herpes zoster: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]
* Sickle Cell Disease: [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Others | UNK]]
* Sinusitis: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Sjogren's syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sjogren's syndrome | PS]]
* Sleep
* Sleep apnea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sleep apnea | PS]]
* Sleep, problems with: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sleep, problems with | PS]]
* Sleep terror: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Night terror (sleep terror) | PS]]
* Sleeping sickness: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#SIBO | PS]]
* Stiff-person syndrome (SPS): [[Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders#Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) | PTE]]
* Still's Disease: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Stomach acid
* Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infection: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Streptococcus pneumoniae | PNE]]
* Stress: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Stress | PS]]
* Stroke: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Stroke | SE]]
* Suicide
* Sweet syndrome (SS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sweet syndrome (SS) | PS]]
* Synpharyngitic glomerulonephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): [[Helminthic therapy and Lupus | SE,PS]]
* Systemic sclerosis: [[https://www.helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Helminthic_therapy_and_scleroderma | SE,PS]]
* Systemic vasculitis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia | UNK]]
* Temporal arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Tendinopathy (tendinitis / tendonitis): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Tendinopathy (tendinitis / tendonitis) | PS]]
* Testicular atrophy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Testicular atrophy | PS]]
* Thyroid disease
* Tinnitus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Tinnitus | PS]]
* Toxic shock syndrome (TSS): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | SE]]
* Toxoplasmosis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Toxoplasma Gondii | PNE]]
* Traumatic brain injury: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Traumatic brain injury | SE]]
* Trypanosoma brucei infection (African sleeping sickness): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Transient ischemic attack: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Stroke | SE]]
* Tourette Syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Travel sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Travel sickness | PS]]
* Trimethylaminuria (TMAU): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) | PS]]
* Tuberculosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and tuberculosis (TB) | SE,CTOS,PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Type 1 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 1 diabetes (T1D) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Type 2 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 2 diabetes (T2D) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Ulcer, leg: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcer, leg | PS]]
* Ulcerative colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative colitis | PS]]
* Ulcerative proctitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative proctitis | PS]]
* Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) | PS]]
* Urinary tract infections (UTIs): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Urinary tract infections (UTIs) | PS]]
* Urticaria: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hives / Urticaria | PS]]
* Uveitis: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Uveitis | PTE]]
* Vaccines
* Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
* Vertigo: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Vertigo | PS]]
* Vitiligo: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Vitiligo | PS]]
* Warts: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Warts | PS]]
* Weight, excess: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Weight, insufficient: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Wegener's granulomatosis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* West Nile virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Whooping cough: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Winter vomiting disease (Norovirus): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and norovirus | PNE]]
* Wound healing: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Chronic wounds | SE]]
* Zika virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Zona: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]

== Steps to take for a specific condition ==

Here are a few approaches that can be used to establish whether helminths might offer therapeutic or preventive benefits for a particular disease.

* '''Consult the Helminthic Therapy wiki'''. Browse from this page, searching by keywords to find testimonials and scientific studies. Alternatively, ask questions of our [https://www.helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Special:Chatbot '''Chatbot'''].

* '''Consult self-treaters'''. Ask questions in the [[Helminthic therapy support groups | '''Helminthic therapy support groups''']]. 

* '''Conduct web searches'''. Check general internet sources and scientific papers, but bear in mind that there are significant issues with much of the information online about helminthic therapy, as can be seen here: [[Introduction to helminthic therapy#Further information | '''Further information''']].

:: One example for [https://scholar.google.co.uk Google Scholar]: "(diabete OR diabetes OR diabetic OR insulin) AND (helminths OR helminth OR nippostrongylus OR polygyrus OR Heligmosomoides OR Hymenolepis OR "Necator Americanus" OR Hookworm OR Hookworms)"

Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases

2026-04-07T11:00:05Z

Jlm: /* Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) */

Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases

2026-04-07T10:52:42Z

Jlm: /* Alzheimer's disease */

{{Breadcrumb|[[Effects_of_helminthic_therapy|Effects of helminthic therapy]]}}
{{SEO 
|title=Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative disease
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=}}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease Neurodegenerative disease] is a result of the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, potentially leading ultimately to cell death.

Neurodegenerative diseases include [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS)], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)], also known as motor neuron disease / motor neurone disease (MND) and Lou Gehrig's disease, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Alzheimer's disease], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease Parkinson's disease], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies Dementia with Lewy bodies], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington%27s_disease Huntington's disease], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_system_atrophy Multiple system atrophy (MSA)], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion#Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathies Prion diseases].

== Introduction ==

The potential for helminthic therapy to help in addressing neurodegenerative disease can be seen most strikingly in multiple sclerosis, which responds extremely well to the presence of helminths. See [[Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS) | '''Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)''']]

There are also indications that helminths may help in both treating and preventing Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer and dementia.

A 2019 review paper in the journal, Neuropsychiatry[http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration-12989.html], suggested that helminthic therapy may have value in treating other neurodegenerative diseases.

{{Quote|indent}}Although the molecular mechanism of synaptic damage and neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is poorly understood and differ among different types of neurodegenerative processes, however, the presence of neuroinflammation is a common feature of all these dementia. In the advanced stage of neurodegenerative diseases of the late onset, both innate and adaptive immunity are key determinants of the progression of clinical symptoms of neurodegeneration. Therefore, it can be suggested that immunomodulation of chronic inflammation along with attenuation of humoral and cellular autoimmune reactions may be a universal strategy aimed at suppressing the progression of clinical symptoms and improving the current neuronal function in various neurodegenerative diseases. A promising direction for the development of symptomatic neurodegenerative therapy may be the use of immunomodulatory capabilities of our “old” friends” - parasitic worms and intestinal microflora. Both intestinal bacteria and parasitic worms have evolved together with the immune system of mammals for millennia and have become equisitely powerful immunomodulators, capable of altering and suppressing host immune responses, contributing to slow down excessive inflammatory and autoimmune responses. More recent studies also show that the interaction between intestinal parasites and intestinal microflora significantly changes their immunomodulatory capacity; microflora help helminths modulate host immunity. Presumably human lymphocytes after the ex vivo cultures in the presence of intestinal parasites and gut microbiota (“ménage à trois” system) will be more beneficial for the treatment of patients with dementia. Undoubtedly, many basic and preclinical studies must precede the development of procedures and recommendations for the treatment of late-onset neurodegeneration in humans with the help of parasitic worms and intestinal microflora. It seems, however, that this can be a very promising universal therapy, as the dysregulation of inflammatory and autoimmune reactions is significantly present in various neurodegenerative diseases.{{Quote|/indent}}

== Scientific papers ==

* 2025 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40460141/ An experimental study of the dual modulation of the colchicine-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and the soluble product of Dipylidium caninum adult worm] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12132939/ Full text] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12132939/pdf/pone.0324191.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37429945/ Type 2 immunity in the brain and brain borders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616183/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616183/pdf/41423_2023_Article_1043.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37762297/ Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530578/ Full Text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530578/pdf/ijms-24-13994.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 26 [https://holisticprimarycare.net/topics/healthy-aging/parasites-lost-helminths-pleiotropy-and-the-prevention-of-dementia/ Parasites Lost: Helminths, Pleiotropy, and The Prevention of Dementia]

* 2021 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34745091/ Parasite-Derived Excretory-Secretory Products Alleviate Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Improve Cognitive Impairment Induced by a High-Fat Diet] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564115/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564115/pdf/fimmu-12-710513.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}The present study revealed for the first time that the parasite-derived ESPs alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis and improve cognitive impairment induced by a high-fat diet. This finding suggests that parasite-derived molecules may be used to explore novel drug candidates against obesity-associated neurodegenerative diseases.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2020 Oct 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023255/ The Effects of Immune System Modulation on Prion Disease Susceptibility and Pathogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7582561/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7582561/pdf/ijms-21-07299.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32165661/ Accelerated onset of CNS prion disease in mice co-infected with a gastrointestinal helminth pathogen during the preclinical phase] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7067812/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7067812/pdf/41598_2020_Article_61483.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31040320/ Effect of co-infection with a small intestine-restricted helminth pathogen on oral prion disease pathogenesis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6491469/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6491469/pdf/41598_2019_Article_42900.pdf PDF]

* 2019 [http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration-12989.html Parasitic Worms for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration] -- [http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}We find that the outcome of H. polygyrus-dependent immunoregulation is different in healthy, control mice than in mice with existing LPS-induced inflammation. Infection with H. polygyrus protected control mice from some neurodegenerative changes in the brain and reduced depression symptoms, typical for ageing mice. In mice with LPS-induced inflammation and infected with the parasite, the neurodegenerative changes are accompanied by poorer scores of depression, and these were also present in genetically predisposed APPSWE mice.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2018 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31662657/ Biomolecular Changes and Cortical Neurodegenerative Lesions in Trichinella Spiralis Infected BALB/c Mice: A Preliminary Study Elucidating a Potential Relationship Between Systemic Helminthic Infections and Idiopathic Parkinson's]

* 2017 July 14 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180310212639/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/07/14/opinion/sunday/alzheimers-cure-south-america.html An Ancient Cure for Alzheimer’s?] (Pagan Kennedy, New-York Times, Web archive copy.)

* 2017 Apr [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031319 Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5349792/ Full text]
:{{Quote|indent}}We present evidence that the E4 allele, often associated with cognitive decline, AD, and CVD in industrialized populations with minimal parasite burden, was associated with higher cognitive function among Tsimane Amerindians, but only among individuals with evidence of high parasite burden.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2017 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/33225 Effect of congruent gastro-intestinal pathogen infection on oral prion disease susceptibility] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/33225/Sanchez%20Quintero2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis)

* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15278438/ Nematode parasites and scrapie: experiments in sheep and mice]

== Scientific papers not directly related ==

These are pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases on which helminths act.

=== APOE4 & the Tsimane study ===

* 2023 Jun 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37357100/ Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10365028/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10365028/pdf/nihms-1911683.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35262289/ Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in indigenous Bolivian forager-horticulturalists]

* 2021 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586066/ APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8480980/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8480980/pdf/elife-68231.pdf PDF]

* 2018 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646251/ Association of Chronic Low-grade Inflammation With Risk of Alzheimer Disease in ApoE4 Carriers] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6324596/] (Media coverage: [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181019120713.htm Link found between chronic inflammation and risk for Alzheimer's disease])

* 2017 July 14 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180310212639/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/07/14/opinion/sunday/alzheimers-cure-south-america.html An Ancient Cure for Alzheimer’s?] (Pagan Kennedy, New-York Times, Web archive copy.)

* 2017 Apr [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031319 Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5349792/ Full text]

* 2005 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15611352/ APOE4 protects the cognitive development in children with heavy diarrhea burdens in Northeast Brazil]

=== Inflammation ===

* 2026 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41888134/ Sustained visceral fat loss is associated with attenuated brain atrophy and improved cognitive function in late midlife] (Online ahead of print)

* 2026 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41581145/ C9orf72 in myeloid cells prevents an inflammatory response to microbial glycogen] (ALS)

* 2026 Jan 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41493577/ The lifespan continuum of brain disorders: investigating links between neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease-chicken or egg?]

* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41389810/ The gut microbiome, systemic inflammation, and autoimmunity in Parkinson's disease]

* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40952044/ Altered Inflammatory Signature in a C9ORF72 -ALS iPSC-Derived Motor Neuron and Microglia Coculture Model]

* 2025 Dec 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41456636/ Neurodevelopmental origins of neurodegeneration: a lifespan perspective on brain vulnerability]
{{Expando|90+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}
* 2025 Dec 18 [https://tud.qucosa.de/en/landing-page/https%3A%2F%2Ftud.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A101125%2Fmets/ Role of Th17 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2025 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41372772/ Microglia in the crosstalk between peripheral and central nervous systems in Parkinson's disease]

* 2025 Dec 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41449192/ Cytokine-Microglia Interactions in Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Disease Dynamics, and Therapeutic Strategies]

* 2025 Dec 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41438969/ Astrocytic and microglial cell functions in neuroinflammatory diseases and their animal models] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12719527/pdf/fncel-19-1708775.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41476679/ Levodopa exerts neuroprotective effects by suppressing microglial proinflammatory activation in a rat hemi-Parkinson's disease model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12753262/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12753262/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41219399/ Microglia response altered by ALS mutation]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41314100/ Therapeutic prospects of modulating TLR4/MAPK/ROS signalling in obesity-associated neuroinflammation] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332225009990?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41313410/ Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Axis in the Brain: Master Regulator of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders]

* 2025 Nov 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41296103/ Aspirin Attenuates the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Inhibiting the Activities of Microglia in a NF-κB-dependent Complement System-deactivating Mechanism]

* 2025 Nov 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288829/ Rewiring brain immunity: targeting microglial metabolism for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12647335/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12647335/pdf/11011_2025_Article_1739.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41291718/ Activated microglial exosomes enhance α-Synuclein internalization and accelerate neurodegeneration in lewy body dementia] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12649078/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12649078/pdf/12951_2025_Article_3838.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41276714/ The Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring Microbial Influences and Therapeutic Strategies]

* 2025 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41266692/ A mechanistic insight of neuro-inflammation signaling pathways and implication in neurodegenerative disorders]

* 2025 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41356558/ The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: how gut microbiota modulate microglial function] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12678305/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12678305/pdf/fragi-06-1704047.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41261343/ Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanistic Crosstalk and Therapeutic Implications] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12630317/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12630317/pdf/12035_2025_Article_5389.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41357230/ The critical role of Th17 cells and IL-17A in autoimmune and inflammation-associated neurological diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12676946/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12676946/pdf/fimmu-16-1656422.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41202483/ Targeting neuronal activity and neuroinflammation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in a mouse model]

* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41087751/ C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions impair microglial response in ALS]

* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41052547/ Dual role of microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096999612500350X?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40536658/ Advanced clinical stage Parkinson's disease is linked to proinflammatory and regulatory blood cell populations]

* 2025 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40946250/ Evaluating the predictive potential of Th1 (IFN-γ+CD4+)/CD4+ in rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2025 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40893157/ Implicating neuroinflammation in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala with cognitive deficit: a narrative review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12398459/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12398459/pdf/13205_2025_Article_4468.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40931498/ Neuroinflammation across the Spectrum of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Frontiers] -- [https://karger.com/nim/article/32/1/278/933159/Neuroinflammation-across-the-Spectrum-of Full text]

* 2025 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40552323/ Research progress on microglial pyroptosis and inflammasomes: a comprehensive analysis]

* 2025 Jun 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38681666/ Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Dual Roles, and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurological Disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12191620/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12191620/pdf/cimb-47-00417.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40134204/ Vitamin D and canagliflozin combination alleviates Parkinson's disease in rats through modulation of RAC1/NF-κB/Nrf2 interaction]

* 2025 May 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40502532/ The contribution of type-I IFN-mediated neuroinflammation to Parkinson's disease progression] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12152576/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12152576/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332510/ Neuroinflammation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Advances in Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines as Therapeutic Strategies]

* 2025 Apr 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40260242/ NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapies]

* 2025 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39983928/ Short-chain fatty acids in Huntington's disease: Mechanisms of action and their therapeutic implications]

* 2025 Mar 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40163129/ IL-17 A Exacerbated Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Intranasal Amyloid-Beta Model of Alzheimer's Disease]

* 2025 Mar 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40119036/ Acute LPS exposure enhances susceptibility to peripheral prion infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11928655/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11928655/pdf/41598_2025_Article_94003.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40136670/ Microglia in ALS: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential]

* 2025 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40141149/ The Role of IL-17A in Mediating Inflammatory Responses and Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases]

* 2025 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39318236/ Towards an integrated approach for understanding glia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]

* 2025 Feb 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39910474/ Influence of immune cells and inflammatory factors on Alzheimer's disease axis: evidence from mediation Mendelian randomization study]

* 2025 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41466978/ Glial cell crosstalk in Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic strategies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12744648/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12744648/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39223037/ Experimental Periodontitis Worsens Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration]

* 2025 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37897083/ Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids act as mediators of the gut-brain axis targeting age-related neurodegenerative disorders: a narrative review] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10408398.2023.2272769 Full text]

* 2024 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38775138/ Neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: pathogenic insights and therapeutic implications]

* 2024 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38821351/ Microglia and TREM2]

* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38918327/ Mechanistic insights on TLR-4 mediated inflammatory pathway in neurodegenerative diseases]

* 2024 Jun 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38920626/ Elevated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Is Associated with Motor Neuron Degeneration in ALS]

* 2024 May 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38715119/ Neuroinflammation is associated with Alzheimer's disease co-pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11075309/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11075309/pdf/40478_2024_Article_1786.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38681666/ The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: current understanding and future therapeutic targets] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045904/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045904/pdf/fnagi-16-1347987.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37307819/ The Inflammatory Puzzle: Piecing together the Links between Neuroinflammation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]

* 2024 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38303529/ Vitamin D as a Modulator of Neuroinflammation: Implications for Brain Health]

* 2023 Nov 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38003477/ Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Targeted Strategies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10671257/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10671257/pdf/ijms-24-16288.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37744008/ The dual face of microglia (M1/M2) as a potential target in the protective effect of nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative diseases]

* 2023 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36219378/ Early Signs of Neuroinflammation in the Postnatal Wobbler Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]

* 2023 Mar 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37047292/ Glia-Neurotrophic Factor Relationships: Possible Role in Pathobiology of Neuroinflammation-Related Brain Disorders]

* 2023 Mar 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36982866/ Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: From Gene to Clinic: A Systematic Review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10051221/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10051221/pdf/ijms-24-05792.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 11 [https://theses.fr/2018TOUR3309 Neuroinflammation et neuroprotection dans un modèle de maladie de Parkinson précoce (lésion à la 6-hydroxydopamine chez le rat)] -- [https://www.applis.univ-tours.fr/theses/2018/steven.vetel_9884.pdf PDF] (French, thesis)

* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35246670/ Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8895080/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8895080/pdf/41577_2022_Article_684.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36359827/ The Potential Role of Cytotoxic Immune Effectors in Induction, Progression and Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)]

* 2022 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36309345/ Microglia in motor neuron disease: Signaling evidence from last 10 years] (ALS)

* 2022 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35663989/ Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease - Putative Pathomechanisms and Targets for Disease-Modification] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9158130/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9158130/pdf/fimmu-13-878771.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 9 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41984-022-00150-4 Peripheral inflammation and neurodegeneration; a potential for therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]

* 2022 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459141/ The role of Th17 cells/IL-17A in AD, PD, ALS and the strategic therapy targeting on IL-17A]

* 2022 Mar 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35027409/ Neuroimmunometabolism: A New Pathological Nexus Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8916763/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8916763/pdf/zns1888.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Feb 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35250543/ Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases]

* 2022 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34874625/ Microglial TREM2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2021 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34881085/ Intestinal Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease]

* 2021 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33918092/ The Links between ALS and NF-κB]

* 2021 Feb 23 [https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/2196 Neuroinflammation in Prion Disease]

* 2021 Feb 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33670164/ The Role of the Inflammasome in Neurodegenerative Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7916884/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7916884/pdf/molecules-26-00953.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33427296/ The microglial component of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2020 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32676989/ Absence of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product (RAGE) Reduces Inflammation and Extends Survival in the hSOD1G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]

* 2020 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33132897/ Interleukin-17A: The Key Cytokine in Neurodegenerative Diseases]

* 2020 Apr 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32022838/ Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells alleviates aging-associated cognitive decline] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7144523/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7144523/pdf/JEM_20190915.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Apr 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246039/ Peripheral proinflammatory Th1/Th17 immune cell shift is linked to disease severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2019 Nov 2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20240629014030/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319938 Could inflammation in midlife predict dementia?]

* 2019 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31351185/ IL-17A exacerbates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by activating microglia in rodent models of Parkinson's disease]

* 2019 Mar 4 [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/for-alzheimers-sufferers-brain-inflammation-ignites-a-neuron-killing-forest-fire/ For Alzheimer’s Sufferers, Brain Inflammation Ignites a Neuron-Killing “Forest Fire”]

* 2018 Oct 21 [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/885271 Cutting Inflammation Key to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Prevention?]

* 2018 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646251/ Association of Chronic Low-grade Inflammation With Risk of Alzheimer Disease in ApoE4 Carriers] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6324596/] (Media coverage: [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181019120713.htm Link found between chronic inflammation and risk for Alzheimer's disease])

* 2018 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29702373/ The association of mid-to late-life systemic inflammation with white matter structure in older adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study ] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6010227/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6010227/pdf/nihms973478.pdf PDF] (Press release [https://web.archive.org/web/20210126125924/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/jhm-mtl070218.php Mid- to late-life increases in marker for chronic inflammation are tied to dementia])

* 2018 Jul 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29979986/ Th17 Lymphocytes Induce Neuronal Cell Death in a Human iPSC-Based Model of Parkinson’s Disease] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(18)30297-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1934590918302972%3Fshowall%3Dtrue Full text] (Media coverage: 2018 Jul 23 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180724110454/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322542.php Is Parkinson's an autoimmune disease? More evidence emerges])

* 2018 May 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30009205/ Immunosuppressants and risk of Parkinson disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6043771/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6043771/pdf/ACN3-5-870.pdf PDF] (Media coverage: [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180531084423.htm Drugs that suppress immune system may protect against Parkinson’s])

* 2017 Dec 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29293211/ Microglia-derived ASC specks cross-seed amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease] (Nature) (Media coverage: [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171220131656.htm Inflammation drives progression of Alzheimer's])

* 2017 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29202771/ Selective proliferative response of microglia to alternative polarization signals]

* 2017 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28763002/ Toll-Like Receptor-4 Inhibitor TAK-242 Attenuates Motor Dysfunction and Spinal Cord Pathology in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Model]

* 2017 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28790913/ The Dual Role of Microglia in ALS: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches]

* 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28042771 Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Antioxidants Regulate Expression Levels of MicroRNAs in Parkinson's Disease]

* 2016 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/25883 Role of mononuclear phagocytes in prion pathogenesis] (Thesis)

* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26157121/ The Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Small Intestine, Not the Large Intestine, Play a Major Role in Oral Prion Disease Pathogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4542385/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4542385/pdf/zjv9532.pdf PDF]

* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25446571/ The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases]

* 2015 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25962427/ Absence of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) extends survival in the hSOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2014 Dec 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25441979/ T-cell-mediated regulation of neuroinflammation involved in neurodegenerative diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258012/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258012/pdf/12974_2014_Article_201.pdf PDF]

* 2014 Mar 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24607225/ Microglia induce motor neuron death via the classical NF-κB pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

* 2011 May 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21586125/ Exacerbation of CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration by systemic LPS treatment is independent of circulating IL-1β and IL-6] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3119173/ Full text]

* 2008 Sept 17 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090214030241/http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/09/17/brain-inflammation-speeds-dementia/2949.html Brain Inflammation Speeds Dementia]
{{Expando}}

=== ILC2 ===

* 2025 Sep 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40614604/ Innate immunity in the brain: ILC2s as modulators of CNS disorders]
* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34489558/ The role of meningeal populations of type II innate lymphoid cells in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases]

=== Tregs ===

* 2026 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41512846/ Next steps in regulatory T cells: Biology and clinical application] (ALS)
* 2025 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41268269/ The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries]
* 2025 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40536658/ Advanced clinical stage Parkinson's disease is linked to proinflammatory and regulatory blood cell populations]
* 2025 Jul 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40615880/ Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized clinical trial]
* 2025 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40536993/ Regulatory T cells in neurological disorders and tissue regeneration: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials]
* 2025 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40354799/ Efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 as an add-on therapy to riluzole (MIROCALS): a phase 2b, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial]
* 2025 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845951/ Tregs levels and phenotype modifications during Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis course]
* 2023 Aug 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37614669/ Transient anxiety-and depression-like behaviors are linked to the depletion of Foxp3-expressing cells via inflammasome in the brain]
* 2022 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35445431/ Tregs Attenuate Peripheral Oxidative Stress and Acute Phase Proteins in ALS]
* 2018 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29507936/ The Role of Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
* 2018 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29507931/ Association of Regulatory T-Cell Expansion With Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Study of Humans and a Transgenic Mouse Model]
:{{Quote|indent}}These findings establish a neuroprotective effect of Tregs, possibly mediated by suppression of toxic neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Strategies aimed at enhancing the Treg population and neuroprotective activity from the periphery may prove therapeutically useful for patients with ALS.{{Quote|/indent}}

=== Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation ===

* 2026 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41539110/ Gut virome plays an extended role with bacteriome in neurological health and disease] (also [https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175983852.28276315/v1 preprint] for full version)
* 2026 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41575675/ Age-driven dysbiosis: gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of aging disorders]
* 2026 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41597211/ The Microbiome-Neurodegeneration Interface: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions]
* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41389810/ The gut microbiome, systemic inflammation, and autoimmunity in Parkinson's disease]
* 2025 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41467439/ Microbiota-gut-brain axis and bile acids-driven neuromodulation] -- [https://journals.lww.com/nrronline/abstract/9900/microbiota_gut_brain_axis_and_bile_acids_driven.1093.aspx Full text]
* 2025 Dec 23 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1637976/abstract Targeting Gut-Brain-Immune Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
{{Expando|80+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}
* 2025 Dec 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41465592/ Gut-Brain Axis and Bile Acid Signaling: Linking Microbial Metabolism to Brain Function and Metabolic Regulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12733927/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12733927/pdf/ijms-26-12167.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41459056/ Leveraging microbiome-based interventions to improve the management of neurodegenerative diseases: evidence for effects along the microbiota-gut-brain axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12739961/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12739961/pdf/fnut-12-1699884.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Dec 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41350593/ Supplementation with short-chain fatty acids and a prebiotic improves clinical outcome in Parkinson's disease: a randomized double-blind prospective study] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12770440/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12770440/pdf/41598_2025_Article_29692.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Dec 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41440958/ Heart Failure and Cognitive Impairment Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiome: A Narrative Review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12733706/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12733706/pdf/jpm-15-00595.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40902672/ Tailoring the biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease using a gut microbiome-centric approach: Preclinical, clinical, and regulatory perspectives]
* 2025 Nov 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41462629/ Short-Chain Fatty Acids Enhance EAAT2-Mediated Glutamate Clearance and Alleviate Oxidative Stress in an MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12729909/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12729909/pdf/antioxidants-14-01429.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41299728/ Molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolites in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: implications for precision therapeutics] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12752256/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12752256/pdf/13041_2025_Article_1263.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41373461/ Emerging Roles of Bile Acids in Neuroinflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12692218/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12692218/pdf/ijms-26-11301.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41273600/ Mechanistic Interplay of Gut Microbiota and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Neurodegenerative Diseases]
* 2025 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41356819/ Effects of intermittent fasting on brain health via the gut-brain axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12679884/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12679884/pdf/fnut-12-1696733.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41201719/ Microbiota Dysbiosis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human Studies]
* 2025 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41186720/ The gut-brain axis: role of gut microbiota in neurological disease pathogenesis and pharmacotherapeutics]
* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40937571/ Role of the gut-brain axis in neurological diseases: Molecular connections and therapeutic implications (Review)]
* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40804450/ Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12575876/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12575876/pdf/41423_2025_Article_1333.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40803456/ Prebiotics improve motor function, cognition and gut health in a preclinical model of Huntington's disease] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159125003095?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2025 Oct 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41123675/ Short-Chain Fatty Acids as a Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Neurodegeneration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12546209/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12546209/pdf/10571_2025_Article_1609.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41099783/ Interplay between gut Microbiome and glymphatic system in cognitive function and memory regulation]
* 2025 Oct 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41085348/ The intricate microbial-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: a review of microbiota-targeted strategies]
* 2025 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41093142/ Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and its modulation through probiotic supplementation] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159125003800?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2025 Oct 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41148793/ Influence of the Gut Microbiota on the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Literature Review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12564258/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12564258/pdf/cells-14-01578.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41042380/ Integrative genomics and functional immunology reveal Clostridia species as modulators of neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]
* 2025 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41104042/ The microbiota-gut-brain axis in mental and neurodegenerative disorders: opportunities for prevention and intervention] -- [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1667448/full Full text]
* 2025 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41069328/ Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Modulates Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Gene Expression and Protein Aggregation in 3xTg-AD Mice via the Gut-Brain Axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12511787/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12511787/pdf/BRB3-15-e70946.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40323507/ The microbiota-gut-brain-axis theory: role of gut microbiota modulators (GMMs) in gastrointestinal, neurological, and mental health disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12511254/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12511254/pdf/210_2025_Article_4155.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41097145/ Precision Nutrition and Gut-Brain Axis Modulation in the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12526097/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12526097/pdf/nutrients-17-03068.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41154611/ Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Longitudinal Effects of Disease and Mediterranean Diet Intervention]
* 2025 Sep 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40993787/ Synbiotics in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic prospects] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12462281/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12462281/pdf/12967_2025_Article_7064.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41097131/ Diet as a Modulator of Gut Microbiota May Reduce Alzheimer's Disease Risk] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/19/3053 Full text]
* 2025 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40965029/ Unveiling Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Challenges and Future Perspectives]
* 2025 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40952592/ Microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12436269/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12436269/pdf/43556_2025_Article_307.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41011478/ Human Microbiome as an Immunoregulatory Axis: Mechanisms, Dysbiosis, and Therapeutic Modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12472381/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/41011478/ PDF]
* 2025 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41009474/ The Interplay of Inflammation and Gut-Microbiota Dysbiosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12469281/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12469281/pdf/ijms-26-08905.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Sep 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40903950/ Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system]
* 2025 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40908772/ The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Connection: A New Horizon in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders]
* 2025 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40943341/ The Emerging Role of the Brain-Gut Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Perspectives]
* 2025 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41007667/ Gut Microbiota in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: Current Insights and Therapeutic Implications]
* 2025 Aug 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40614920/ Parkinson's disease and the gut microbiota connection: unveiling dysbiosis and exploring therapeutic horizons]
* 2025 Aug 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40791147/ Gut microbial metabolites and the brain-gut axis in Alzheimer's disease: A review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12505531/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12505531/pdf/bb-2025-12921.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40881681/ Gut microbiota remodeling exacerbates neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction via the microbiota-gut-brain axis in prenatal VPA-exposed C57BL/6 mice offspring] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12380706/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12380706/pdf/fimmu-16-1633680.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40348172/ Stage-dependent efficacy of short-chain fatty acids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Insights into autophagy and neuroprotection]
* 2025 Jul 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40608189/ Dysbiosis and Neurodegeneration in ALS: Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis]
* 2025 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40642089/ Gut microbiota-driven neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12241022/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12241022/pdf/fimmu-16-1582119.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40584220/ Bridging the brain and gut: neuroimmune mechanisms of neuroinflammation and therapeutic insights] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12202344/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12202344/pdf/fncel-19-1590002.pdf PDF]
* 2025 May 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40525139/ The microbial guardians: Unveiling the role of gut microbiota in shaping neurodegenerative disease]
* 2025 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40314217/ The role of gut microbiota-mitochondria crosstalk in neurodegeneration: Underlying mechanisms and potential therapies]
* 2025 Apr 24 [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01253-2 Parkinson's gut-microbiota links raise treatment possibilities] (Nature)
* 2025 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40087204/ Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Microbiome: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Processes]
* 2025 Mar 5 [https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3064/3/1/8 Microbial Influences on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The Gut–Brain Axis and Therapeutic Potential of Microbiota Modulation]
* 2025 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39317889/ Gut Microbiota Mediates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Key Factors and Mechanistic Insights]
* 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39562408/ A review on gut microbiota and miRNA crosstalk: implications for Alzheimer's disease]
* 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39800223/ Gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease: Understanding molecular pathways and potential therapeutic perspectives]
* 2025 Jan 25 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40473-024-00292-9 The Role of Gut Microbiota-derived Short Chain Fatty Acids in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
* 2025 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40414644/ Altered microbiome influence on the enteric neuromuscular system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]
* 2024 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39695988/ Exploring the gut-brain axis in alzheimer's disease treatment via probiotics: evidence from animal studies-a systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11657461/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11657461/pdf/12883_2024_Article_3978.pdf PDF]
* 2024 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39293678/ Linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to molecular pathways in Alzheimer's disease]
* 2024 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39321881/ Microglia and gut microbiota: A double-edged sword in Alzheimer's disease]
* 2024 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39379597/ Examining the complex Interplay between gut microbiota abundance and short-chain fatty acid production in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients shortly after onset of disease]
* 2024 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39460538/ The Gut Microbiota Modulates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Elucidating Crucial Factors and Mechanistic Underpinnings] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11512114/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11512114/pdf/CNS-30-e70091.pdf PDF]
* 2024 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37787835/ The gut microbiome: an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic advances]
* 2024 Jul 10 [https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/MEM-UNIV-BORDEAUX/dumas-04642929v1 Le microbiote intestinal, la clé de notre santé mentale ? Implication de l'axe intestin-cerveau dans la physiopathologie de la dépression et de la maladie de Parkinson] -- [https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-04642929v1/file/Pharmacie_2024_Quimeby.pdf PDF] (French, pharma thesis)
* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38479921/ Gut instincts: Unveiling the connection between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease]
* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38848023/ The connection between gut microbiota and its metabolites with neurodegenerative diseases in humans]
* 2024 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39403057/ Gut Microbiome in Alzheimer's Disease: from Mice to Humans] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11451315/ Full text]
* 2024 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38474719/ Gut-Modulating Agents and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives]
* 2024 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37307822/ Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Historical Overview and Future Directions]
* 2023 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960284/ Understanding the Gut-Brain Axis and Its Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders]
* 2023 Oct 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37894774/ The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Cross-Talk with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review]
* 2023 May 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36893982/ Gut Microbiota, an Additional Hallmark of Human Aging and Neurodegeneration] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452223000921 Full text]
* 2023 Apr 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37153665/ Modulation of the gut-brain axis via the gut microbiota: a new era in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]
* 2022 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36477191/ Fatty acids derived from the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 suppress age-dependent neurodegeneration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9729297/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9729297/pdf/42003_2022_Article_4295.pdf PDF] (Media coverage: [https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-probiotic-als.html A protective probiotic for ALS found])
* 2022 Dec [https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0422979?o=22 The gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease] (Thesis, British Columbia)
* 2022 Oct 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36389228/ The interplay between the gut-brain axis and the microbiome: A perspective on psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9650127/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9650127/pdf/fnins-16-1030694.pdf PDF]
* 2022 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34536490/ Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle]
* 2022 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35563253/ The Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9104401/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9104401/pdf/ijms-23-04862.pdf PDF]
* 2021 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35070441/ Effects of gut microbiota and probiotics on Alzheimer's disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8713066/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8713066/pdf/tnsci-2020-0203.pdf PDF]
* 2021 Aug 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34445575/ The Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Current and Future Perspectives]
* 2021 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34243604/ Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders]
* 2020 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33153085/ Do the Bugs in Your Gut Eat Your Memories? Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7693835/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7693835/pdf/brainsci-10-00814.pdf PDF]
* 2019 Oct [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31254094 Evidence for bidirectional and trans-synaptic parasympathetic and sympathetic propagation of alpha-synuclein in rats] (Parkinson)
* 2018 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30114473/ Unhealthy gut, unhealthy brain: The role of the intestinal microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases]
* 2018 May 8 [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/does-parkinsons-begin-in-the-gut/ Does Parkinson’s Begin in the Gut?]
* 2008 Jul [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18557892 Parkinson's disease and the gut: a well known clinical association in need of an effective cure and explanation]
{{Expando}}

=== Blood-brain barrier ===

* 2025 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40238886/ Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia mutation reduces endothelial TDP-43 and causes blood-brain barrier defects]
* 2024 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39765790/ Role of Oxidative Stress in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurodegenerative Diseases]

=== Autoimmune hypothesis ===

* 2026 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41389810/ The gut microbiome, systemic inflammation, and autoimmunity in Parkinson's disease]
* 2022 Nov 16 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230922160718/https://www.theepochtimes.com/health/is-the-commonly-accepted-cause-of-alzheimers-wrong-expert-its-an-autoimmune-disease-4865585 Scientists Say Alzheimer’s Is an Autoimmune Disease, Not Result of Amyloid Plaques]
* 2017 Jun 29 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28636593 T cells from patients with Parkinson’s disease recognize α-synuclein peptides]

=== IL-4 and IL-10 ===

* 2020 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33020569/ IL-4R alpha deficiency influences hippocampal-BDNF signaling pathway to impair reference memory] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7536433/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7536433/pdf/41598_2020_Article_73574.pdf PDF]
* 2019 Jun [https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/2363c032-04c6-43f3-9c16-ee50ff3ff4b6 Characterisation of Host- Parasite- Microbiota Interactions that Drive Hatching in Trichuris Species] (Thesis, Cambridge)
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25446571/ The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases]
* 2011 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20723599/ IL-10 within the CNS is necessary for CD4+ T cells to mediate neuroprotection]

=== Sphingolipids ===

* 2024 Aug 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39130802/ Circulating sphingolipids in relation to cognitive decline and incident dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Study]

=== Prion Paradigm ===

* 2024 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39158847/ Expanding the Prion Paradigm to Include Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases]
* See also [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | '''Helminths and prion diseases''']]

=== Various ===

* 2025 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950010/ Pulmonary Hypertension Promotes Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration] (Preprint)

== Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)''']]

== Alzheimer's disease ==

See the scientific papers section, above.

See also (not directly related) :
* 2025 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41052971/ Rapid amyloid-β clearance and cognitive recovery through multivalent modulation of blood–brain barrier transport] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12500928/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12500928/pdf/41392_2025_Article_2426.pdf PDF] and see press release [https://ibecbarcelona.eu/consiguen-revertir-el-alzheimer-en-ratones-con-el-uso-de-nanoparticulas Scientists reverse Alzheimer’s in mice using nanoparticles]
::To be linked to the Helminths and SPION study[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40460141/] and the fact Helminths could restore the blood-brain barrier.
* 2025 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40751793/ Treatment of age-related decreases in GTP levels restores endocytosis and autophagy] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-025-01786-4 Full text]
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24481197/ Hygiene and the world distribution of Alzheimer's disease: Epidemiological evidence for a relationship between microbial environment and age-adjusted disease burden] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3868447/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3868447/pdf/eot015.pdf PDF]

== Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ==

There are no studies or reports on the benefits of helminth therapy for treating ALS.

There are pathways involved in ALS on which helminths act: neuroinflammation, microglia, M1/M2, Th1/Th17, TLR4, NF-κB, Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation, SCFA, blood-brain barrier etc (see Scientific papers not directly related above).

See also

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41184709/ Dietary modulation of the gut microbiome as a supportive strategy in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - a narrative review]
* 2025 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41103971/ Rethinking ALS: Current understanding and emerging therapeutic strategies]
* 2025 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40097762/ Nutritional Interventions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Ketogenic Diet and Neuroprotective Nutrients to the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Regulation]
* 2024 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39796536/ Nutritional and Microbiota-Based Approaches in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Prevention to Treatment]
* 2022 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36477191/ Fatty acids derived from the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 suppress age-dependent neurodegeneration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9729297/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9729297/pdf/42003_2022_Article_4295.pdf PDF] (Media coverage: [https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-probiotic-als.html A protective probiotic for ALS found])

== Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | '''Helminths and prion diseases''']]

== Dementia ==

There is one tentatively positive report of benefit in dementia.

{{Quote|indent}}I am currently helping someone with dementia. She has been taking NA for one year and whilst we have nothing remotely scientific, her doctors and her husband are pleased that she has not declined and may have some improvements. Early days. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3614015021987760/?comment_id=3616198935102702]{{Quote|/indent}}

== Glaucoma ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Glaucoma | '''Helminthic therapy and vision: Glaucoma''']]

== Mild cognitive impairment ==

See the Scientific papers section, above.

== Huntington's disease ==

See the Scientific papers section, above.

== Multiple sclerosis ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS) | '''Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)''']]

== Parkinson's disease ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and Parkinson's disease | '''Helminthic therapy and Parkinson's disease''']]

== Traumatic brain injury ==

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Traumatic brain injury | '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Traumatic brain injury''']]

== See also ==

* [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#Brain impact | '''Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization / Brain impact''']]

* [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | '''Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization / Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)''']]

* [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders''']]

* [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders''']]

* [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders''']]

Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases

2026-04-07T10:49:36Z

Jlm: /* Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) */

Helminthic therapy personal stories

2026-04-07T10:48:38Z

Jlm: /* Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD) */

{{Breadcrumb| [[Effects_of_helminthic_therapy|Effects of helminthic therapy]]|this=Personal stories}}
{{SEO 
|title=Helminthic therapy personal stories.
|description=Reports of both success and failure in treating more than 120 medical conditions using helminthic therapy.
|keywords=success stories, helminthic therapy successes, helminthic therapy success stories
|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}
This page contains hundreds of anecdotal reports of both success and failure with helminthic therapy using one or more of the following therapeutic helminths.

* the human hookworm, Necator americanus (NA)
* the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura (TT)
* the ova of the pig whipworm, Trichuris suis (TSO)
* the cysticercoids of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta (HDC).

There are also links below to pages dedicated to specific conditions, where there are hundreds more reports contributing to well over 1,000 personal stories in total on this site.

Most of the reports have been collected from social media, in particular from the [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/ Helminthic Therapy Support group].

{{Quote|indent}}The Helminthic therapy personal stories is my fave bit of the wiki! Reading THOUSANDS of testimonials. This in itself will raise your vibe 🌟🙌🥳. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3507548385967758/?comment_id=3507659949289935&reply_comment_id=3507689805953616]{{Quote|/indent}}

There are many thousands of people already self-treating with helminths, and approximately 75% of these are estimated to experience an improvement in their health. [http://www.yourwildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/galley-proof-v2.pdf] This overall response rate is particularly impressive given that most people who use this therapy have already tried every other treatment that is available for their condition.

The fact that many of these individuals have taken the time to report their experience is also amazing, for two reasons. Firstly, because many people are keen to hide the fact that they are hosting “worms” and some are not even prepared to divulge this fact to close family members so never report their experience. Secondly, the majority of those who get well as a result of using helminthic therapy can’t wait to resume the life that their illness had put on hold, so they very quickly lose interest in relating their stories online.

{{Quote|indent}}I am doing fantastic so my level of activity on forums has waned. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/631572663565359/?comment_id=1201135169942436&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]{{Quote|/indent}}

While there are a few failures listed among the reports below (identified by a frown emoji: ☹️), the individuals who reported these did not always follow best practice and, in some cases, had terminated the treatment before any improvements could have been expected. Since it is known that, for a few people, remission may not be achieved for up to 2 years following the first inoculation with helminths, the treatment cannot be assumed to have failed until that point.

Where people have described their success with several conditions in a single report, this has been duplicated so that it appears in each of the appropriate sections on this page.

See the [[Terminology | '''Terminology''']] page for a list of abbreviations.

<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;">
'''<font color=#B40431><font size=3>The best way to approach this page is to search the entire page for each of the conditions you are interested in, using the search function on your own device.</font></font>'''<br>

* '''PC''' - Control+F <br>
* '''Mac''' - Command+F<br>
* '''Mobile''' - "Find in page" in the drop-down menu from the three dots icon</div>

<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD;margin-bottom:12px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #BFA3AF;background-color:#F2CEDD;padding-left:8px;">'''Disclaimer'''</div>
<div style="padding:8px;">The testimonials presented below are from individuals stating what results THEY have experienced personally. They and the editors of this page are not making any medical claims and are not saying that helminthic therapy will cure or even help the problems that you have. What worked for others may not work for you. '''<font color=#B40431><font size=2>Please see our general [[Helminthic Therapy wiki:General disclaimer|Disclaimer]].</font></font>'''</div>
</div>

__TOC__

== Detailed stories ==

* [[Bleak prognosis for MCTD patient is reversed by hookworms | '''Bleak prognosis for MCTD patient is reversed by hookworms''']]
* [[Hookworms remediate ankylosing spondylitis in an adult and will hopefully protect their children | '''Hookworms remediate ankylosing spondylitis in an adult and will hopefully protect their children''']]
* [[An entire family benefitting from self-treatment with hookworms | '''An entire family benefitting from self-treatment with hookworms''']]
* [[Hookworms successful against colitis and celiac disease after medicine fails | '''Hookworms successful against colitis and celiac disease after medicine fails''']]
* [[Hookworms literally saved my life | '''Hookworms literally saved my life''']] (Crohn's disease and Sweet syndrome)
* [[Clear benefits and improved mood help cope with remaining issues | '''Clear benefits and improved mood help cope with remaining issues''']]
* [[Migraine, depression and autoimmunity relieved by TSO and NA | '''Migraine, depression and autoimmunity relieved by TSO and NA''']]
* [[TSO successfully treats ulcerative colitis after drugs cause adverse reactions | '''TSO successfully treats ulcerative colitis after drugs cause adverse reactions''']]
* [[Busy veterinarian has no time for pain | '''Busy veterinarian has no time for pain''']] (Autoimmune disease presenting as Sjogren’s / lupus)
* [[Reversing helminth deficiency disease: a case study | '''Reversing helminth deficiency disease: a case study''']]
* [[From hopelessness to new meaning and purpose: a celiacs 3 year update | '''From hopelessness to new meaning and purpose: a celiac's 3 year update''']]
* [[Lupus patient abandons wheelchair to run nine miles a week after getting hookworms | '''Lupus patient abandons wheelchair to run nine miles a week after getting hookworms''']]
* [[Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms | '''Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms''']]
* [[A life saved at the eleventh hour by worms | '''A life saved at the eleventh hour by worms''']] (Total food intolerance)
* [[TSO tames colitis in a 70 year old | '''TSO tames colitis in a 70 year old''']]
* [[My scleroderma helminth journey | '''My scleroderma helminth journey''']]
* [[TSO relieves fibromyalgia, IBS and rheumatoid arthritis | '''TSO relieves fibromyalgia, IBS and rheumatoid arthritis''']]
* [[Nasal allergies nuked by worms | '''Nasal allergies nuked by worms''']]
* [[Lifelong asthma, eczema and allergies alleviated by hookworms | '''Lifelong asthma, eczema and allergies alleviated by hookworms''']]
* [[Hookworms give chronic headaches the old heave-ho | '''Hookworms give chronic headaches the old heave-ho''']]
* [[Crohns and colitis patient bounces back to health with hookworms and fecal transplants | '''Crohns and colitis patient bounces back to health with hookworms and fecal transplants''']]
* [[Restless legs syndrome yields completely to hookworms | '''Restless legs syndrome yields completely to hookworms''']]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201023055607/http://colonyofme.com/escaping-autoimmune-hell-helminthic-microbiome-immune-support/ Escaping Autoimmune Hell with Helminthic & Microbiome Immune Support] (Migraine, CFS/M.E.)
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis relieved by TSO | '''Rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis relieved by TSO''']]
* [[Hookworms transform a food intolerant and food allergic patient into a foodie | '''Hookworms transform a food intolerant and food allergic patient into a foodie''']]
* [[Rhinitis can ruin your sex life, but a few worms might restore it | '''Rhinitis can ruin your sex life, but a few worms might restore it''']]
* [[Hookworms prove life-changing for a patient with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease | '''Hookworms prove life-changing for a patient with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease''']]
* [[Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohn’s disease | '''Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohn’s disease''']]
* [[Why doctor working in New Zealand infected himself with hookworms | '''Why doctor working in New Zealand infected himself with hookworms''']] (Knee arthritis, exertional asthma, overweight, high cholesterol)
* [[Hookworms help a one-year-old overcome severe eczema and food allergies | '''Hookworms help a one-year-old overcome severe eczema and food allergies''']]
* [[Hookworms treat anaphylaxis and salicylate intolerance in a 5-year-old | '''Hookworms treat anaphylaxis and salicylate intolerance in a 5-year-old''']]
* [[Travels with 10 hookworms. Treating total food intolerance, food allergy and MS | '''Travels with 10 hookworms. Treating total food intolerance, food allergy and MS''']]
* [[Hookworms relieve chronic autoimmune pain | '''Hookworms relieve chronic autoimmune pain''']]
* [[Thirteen years and counting: maintaining remission with TSO for Crohn's and IBD-related (non erosive) arthritis | '''Thirteen years and counting: maintaining remission with TSO for Crohn's and IBD-related (non erosive) arthritis''']]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221227042743/https://centerforhealthjournalism.org/fellowships/projects/hooked-hookworms-and-other-parasites Hooked on hookworms (and other parasites)] (Ankylosing spondylitis)
* [[Hook me up! Treating autoimmune disease with hookworms | '''Hook me up! Treating autoimmune disease with hookworms''']] (Guttate psoriasis)
* [[Treating SIBO and metal allergy with helminthic therapy | '''Treating SIBO and metal allergy with helminthic therapy''']]
* [[Treating SIBO and sinusitis with NA and TTO | '''Treating SIBO and sinusitis with NA and TTO''']]
* [[Treating lupus and Sjogren's disease with hookworms | '''Treating lupus and Sjogren's disease with hookworms''']]
* [[The Amazing Dr Wriggly | '''The Amazing Dr Wriggly''']] (Food intolerance, Crohn's disease, allergies, migraine, sinusitis, Restless Legs Syndrome, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and M.E./CFS)

== Illustrated stories ==

* [[The effects of NA on chronic idiopathic urticaria and eczema | '''The effects of NA on chronic idiopathic urticaria and eczema''']]

* [[The effects of NA on psoriasis | '''The effects of NA on psoriasis''']]

* [[The effects of TTO on ulcerative colitis | '''The effects of TTO on ulcerative colitis''']]

* [[The effects of NA and TTO on ulcerative colitis | '''The effects of NA and TTO on ulcerative colitis''']]

* [[The effects of NA and TTO on Crohns colitis | '''The effects of NA and TTO on Crohn's colitis''']]

== Blogs ==

See this separate page.

* [[Helminthic therapy blogs | '''Helminthic therapy blogs''']]

== Family successes ==

The first three reports are more detailed than the quotes that follow them.

:* [[An entire family benefitting from self-treatment with hookworms | '''An entire family benefitting from self-treatment with hookworms''']]

:* [[Hookworms remediate ankylosing spondylitis in an adult and will hopefully protect their children | '''Hookworms remediate ankylosing spondylitis in an adult and will hopefully protect their children ''']]

:* [[Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms | '''Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms''']]

* “I can't believe it's been almost a year since we got inoculated with hookworm. My only regret is that personally I didn't start hosting hookworm twenty years ago (or more!) Our entire family is so much better off. It's amazing to see my son run up to school from the end of the block on his own when at the beginning of the school year, he was almost paralyzed by panic attacks from PANDAS, a disease for which there is basically no treatment or cure aside from antibiotic administration until adulthood. My daughter had her best and most challenging school year ever and has made a best friend. My husband, too, only wishes he had gotten hookworm over a decade ago because of how much more productive and happier he is.” (Reported in a private discussion, Jun 2012)

* “I put my whole family on helminths. When my son was 2 he was diagnosed with a rare type of autoimmune Nephrotic Syndrome. He is also IgE allergic to 8 foods and IgG allergic to about 12 more. He suffers from terrible eczema and he is on lots of medication including Cyclosporine for his kidneys. When he was around 9, he was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, and they wanted to put him on Remicade infusion. I couldn’t take it anymore and went looking for alternatives. When I heard about helminths I had no doubt that I wanted this. My other son has food sensitivities and gets cyclical headaches every month with vomiting, and my husband has suffered with Crohn’s since his teens. Me, I’ve always felt healthy enough.

:"My children both got 5 hookworms and my husband and I got 20 each. Let me tell you that the Bounce my husband and I felt was AMAZING!

:"Long story short, my husband is “cured” of Crohns. His symptoms and inflammation are gone and he feels and looks younger. My autoimmune kid is also cured of his Crohns!!! No Remicade!!! His severe allergies turned to sensitivities. We still struggle with his kidneys but I believe he’s doing better overall due to hookworms. I lost weight that I’d struggled with for years, and it turns out it was just inflammation.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3544168688972394/]

* “We all used to take Allegra and Claritin. We are completely free of allergy meds now, 3 of us.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3585927828129813?comment_id=3587651214624141]

== Share your own story ==

If you are willing to help others by recording a detailed account of your own experience with helminthic therapy - whether good or bad - we offer a list of questions as a guide to some of the details that readers are likely to find helpful. You can find this list on the following page.
* [[Share your personal story | '''Share your personal story''']]

== Expressions of regret for having delayed treatment ==

Many people have commented that they wish they had tried helminthic therapy sooner than they did. A few of these comments are presented below.

* “I only regret not doing it two years ago when I first heard of helminthic therapy and I thought it was just crazy.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1068326963223258/?comment_id=1068347489887872&reply_comment_id=1068355509887070&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R9%22%7D]

* "I regret all the years of quality living I lost because I wasn’t hosting hookworms." [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Hookworms_successful_against_colitis_and_celiac_disease_after_medicine_fails]

* “I was 19 years old when diagnosed with pancolitis. I have tried everything with minimal if any relief from my symptoms. I'm 6 weeks in hosting human hookworm (NA) and I can't tell you how much i wish I had done this sooner.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1852446168144663/?comment_id=1853108804745066&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “I wish I hadn't waited so long. I've tried diet, I've seen several functional medicine doctors (and followed their protocols), and I've seen some of the best rheumatologists (and ophthalmologists) in Virginia, at Duke in North Carolina, and at Johns Hopkins in Maryland. None of them could offer me anything, really. I never thought I would purposefully inoculate myself with a helminth, but for the first time, I am actually excited at the prospect of getting better.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1852446168144663/?comment_id=1853270628062217&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “I can't believe it's been almost a year since we got inoculated with hookworm. My only regret is that I didn't start hosting hookworm twenty years ago (or more!) Our entire family is so much better off.”

* “I spent ungodly amounts of money over the past several years working with elite functional medicine docs. And I eventually came to the conclusion it wasn’t going to work for me… Now I’m 7 months in with NA and I’ve had no blood or symptoms of Colitis for 3 months… After all the time and money, I wish I just started Helminthic therapy 6 years ago and only changed my diet. The functional medicine tests and supplements didn’t help me one bit.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1634529973269618/?comment_id=1634673803255235&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “My son also has pancolitis and we are 7 months into helminth therapy. We have had a very smooth journey on TTO with really no side effects or worsening of symptoms, we are getting blood results back today and heading for a colonoscopy soon so will be able to see how things are going. My only regret is that we didn’t start sooner.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1852446168144663/?comment_id=1854858797903400&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “Even tho I'm just in the beginning phase of HT... I really wish that I had started a while ago... or found out about it sooner.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1928880480501231/?comment_id=1929417810447498&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “A classmate of mine mentioned this therapy to me (four years ago). Because he wasn’t a really credible source of information otherwise (and I didn’t know my mental symptoms were likely autoimmune), I dismissed the idea. I wish I had looked into it sooner.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1928880480501231/?comment_id=1933648010024478&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “I’m so glad I'm on this journey, and wish I hadn't waited so long.” (Link expired.)

* “I delayed a long time, in fact someone I told about HT tried it long before I did and then talked me into trying it myself. I'm very grateful to him for doing that, sharing his experience and enthusiasm was very helpful for me… If we're talking hypothetical time machines I'd go back not just to when I first heard about HT, I'd go back to when I was an infant or toddler and give myself worms.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/728615583861066/?comment_id=728654000523891&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “I really wish I had done this way back when I first heard about it. I waited for the western medicine folks to fix me, and it just didn't happen. In the meantime, I got sicker and sicker. If I could go back and get hookworms five years ago, I would.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/728615583861066/?comment_id=728619870527304&offset=0&total_comments=2&hc_location=ufi]

* “I think I joined this group a couple years ago but ignored it, didn't follow, didn't read. I regret that. 2 years was not a huge percentage of my life, but it could have saved my body some trauma. Probably right now I would be feeling the full effects of worm therapy!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2255349147854361/?comment_id=3393377944051470&reply_comment_id=3394431997279398]

* “My only regret is I didn't start sooner.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3695008493888412/?comment_id=3724888027567125]

* “I wish I hadn’t waited so long, and would urge anyone considering it to go ahead and try.” [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Lifelong_asthma,_eczema_and_allergies_alleviated_by_hookworms]

* “I’ve been using NA and TTO (for 2½ years) for Crohns Colitis. My only regret is not trying it sooner. Easily the most effective therapy I’ve tried.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1003222553067033?comment_id=3865755023480424]

* "I read about helminth therapy years ago, and I'm really sorry I categorized it as a "last resort" back then. Every time I think of what it's done for our health, I am amazed, and humbled. Such a little thing can have such huge relief in the long term." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4847022252020358?comment_id=4850971704958746&reply_comment_id=4853636264692290]

* "I wish I had given NA to him 5 years ago. He's doing so great on them. Helminths have literally saved his life." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3419265288129402/]

* "Like many, I do wish I found this therapy earlier and tried it earlier. The results are astounding for me and by far the most impactful thing I’ve done." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4395750987147489/]

* "I had actually been in pain since my 20s but it was only in my 50s that it became unbearable and I was finally diagnosed. I had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis as a child but that cleared up... or so I thought.. I just wish I had known earlier and started in my 20s to avoid all those years of discomfort." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/904803269575629/?comment_id=904885336234089&reply_comment_id=5808202235902350]

* "I wish I had found helminth therapy 20 years earlier. If I had, my life would have been less focused on my illness and hospital appointments and more on enjoyment, but I’m making up for it now. NA literally saved my life." [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Hookworms_literally_saved_my_life]

* "Overall, this treatment has given me a second chance at life. If I could go back in time and do this sooner, I would have. I wasted too much time and money trying medicine that didn't help - and I missed out on a lot of life experiences because of that. But there's no point in thinking about that - I could have done this earlier, but I'm glad that I didn't start this later." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6668904166498815?comment_id=6668975989824966&reply_comment_id=9062567183799156]

== Expression of regret for terminating treatment ==

When people who are hosting helminths develop new symptoms, or an old or existing condition flares, their worms are often the first factor to fall under suspicion. In most cases where this leads to termination of a colony of human helminths, this step is later regretted when the actual cause of the symptoms is discovered and the self-treater experiences a return of the disease symptoms that their worms had been controlling. The individual will then also face a prolonged wait for a new colony to mature and reestablish immune balance.

Also see the following page.

* [[Hookworm side effects#Symptoms experienced after inoculation are not always worm side-effects | '''Symptoms experienced after inoculation are not always worm side-effects''']]

In some cases, a misguided doctor may insist that a therapeutic helminth colony is terminated before they prescribe immunosuppressive treatment. Doctors are aware of drug manufacturers’ advice that, before patients are given immunosuppressant drugs - for example [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dupilumab dupilumab] (Dupixent) - any helminth infection should be terminated. This advice is to prevent immunosuppression by the drug from supporting the proliferation of ''pathogenic'' helminths, so does not apply to NA, TTO or TSO because these species cannot proliferate within a host. It is, however, advisable for anyone using HDCs to stop taking this species while on immunosuppressants. [http://biomerestoration.com/faqs/]

Whichever of the above reasons prompts termination of a colony of therapeutic helminths, the result is invariably regret for this action.

{{Quote|indent}}When I first got sick they (hookworms) helped me... but then my rheumatologist wanted them gone while I started azathioprine and steroids... I should have never done it because the day after they disappeared I have horrible widespread pain, a massive tooth infection, started vomiting from the azathioprine (worms were protecting) and now I have pancreatitis from that death med, a horrible goo coming out of my vagina, a chest infection, a yellow tongue and liver enzymes through the roof... I regret listening to my idiot rheumatologist... and since my mast cells are so bad I have not been able to tolerate getting them back. Which I am furious about as I have gotten so much sicker. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4601449843244268/?comment_id=4601474566575129&reply_comment_id=4605257082863544] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6530182517037648/?comment_id=6531438513578715]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}When the antiparasitic wiped them out I was plunged into hell.... I wish I had never taken it and just continued on with Helminthic Therapy instead. (Edited from two comments: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5918318108224095/?comment_id=5918321418223764&reply_comment_id=5920328744689698] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5918318108224095/?comment_id=5919788698077036&reply_comment_id=5920535241335715].){{Quote|/indent}}

== '''Thumbnail stories''' ==
<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; margin-bottom:12px;padding:8px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #BFA3AF;background-color:#F2CEDD;padding-left:8px;">'''Notes'''</div>
* Comments marked with a frown emoji ☹️ indicate a failure.
* The number in square brackets following a quote provides a link to the original post from which the thumbnail was taken.
* Not all health problems have their own sub-section. For example, there is no section for hay fever, which appears under “Allergy”, so it's best to use the search function on your device to search the entire page for the condition(s) you are interested in.
</div>

=== Absence seizures ===

* “My daughter... has inflammation related autism... (TSO) reduced absent seizures.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4461359747253279/?comment_id=4465078650214722&reply_comment_id=4466404240082163]

=== Acne ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Acne | '''Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Acne''']]

=== Actinic keratosis ===

* “A friend of mine has precancerous skin conditions on his head. They have been very crusty and large and have been there for years. After 120 days with six Na, these lesions on his head have stopped crusting up, have a smooth appearance and are shrinking.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2448496698539604/] (There are photos at this link.)

=== Addison’s disease / Primary adrenal insufficiency / Hypocortisolism ===

* “For myself and a friend with Addison’s, HDC has been very helpful.” (Link expired)

* “Before hw, I had pain in my kidney area after any stress - sometimes quite debilitating levels… My adrenal autoantibodies were somewhat high - just within the range of official (Addison’s) diagnosis. And my cortisol levels were crazy - super high in the middle of the night and low during the day (which I'm told is typical as the adrenals start to fail.) I started an Autoimmmune Protocol diet a few months before starting HT, and I believe that helped. But I still had symptoms - in particular the pain over my kidneys anytime I was startled or stressed - until about 1.5 years into hw treatment. Had my adrenal autoantibodies tested about 20 months after starting HT, and they were at zero. And my cortisol levels are normal now. So I think diet helped… but I give most of the credit to my little hw buddies.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1376977685691516/?comment_id=1377606702295281&reply_comment_id=1378727892183162&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R2%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1376977685691516/?comment_id=1377606702295281&reply_comment_id=1378751412180810&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R1%22%7D]

=== Adhesions ===

* "... since hosting my helminths... the pain from my adhesions has been considerably less." (Link expired)

* “Because of adhesions, I used to have a lot of cramping and often loose stools. That has, astonishingly, completely normalised. There are many adhesions (as a result of a Cesarean section). The most severe ones appear to be on my right colon, a little higher than my appendix. In some MRIs it looked like there might be an invagination caused by the adhesions, which comes and goes. That is also the area where it hurts all the time, so it makes sense to me.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2555376637851609/?comment_id=2732330813489523] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2555376637851609/?comment_id=2732330813489523&reply_comment_id=2733415233381081]

=== Adrenal fatigue ===

* “According to my doctor my adrenal fatigue was related to fibromyalgia. After 9 months and 45 HWs later I have stopped taking hydrocort, stopped with all sleeping medications, and am getting ready to stop the cortisol supplement. I am waking up with more energy, going to sleep naturally, and not crashing during the day. I credit the HWs with this improvement after suffering for more than 6 years and trying many different treatments with no improvement. I also suffer from many other issues and my energy levels are still low but this improvement for me is huge.” (Reported to the Helminthic Therapy Support group. Post now deleted.)

=== Aging / ageing ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and aging | '''Helminthic therapy and aging''']]

=== Alcohol intolerance ===

* “... after hosting HWs for 9 months I too can also drink alcohol which I could not do previously. Beer is good again.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/848418981880725/?comment_id=848726048516685&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R9%22%7D]

* “I can now drink alcohol without becoming intoxicated after 3 sips of wine. It was lovely to be able to drink a full glass of wine.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2255349147854361?comment_id=3497089627013634]

* “I find that I am MUCH less likely to be hungover after drinking the night before while hosting worms.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1276571042398848/?comment_id=1604202039635745&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “I can tolerate beer better with HW” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/848418981880725/?comment_id=848501681872455]

* “I shared a bottle of wine with my husband (after 4 doses of 2500 TSO) for the first time in 8 years. I did not feel like death the next day. Amazing!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3695008493888412?comment_id=3809529635769630]

=== Allergy ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | '''Helminthic therapy and allergy''']]

Also see [[#Food_allergy|Food allergy]], [[#Food_intolerance|Food intolerance]], [[Helminthic therapy and asthma|Asthma]] and [[#Rhinitis|Rhinitis]].

=== Allodynia ===

* “I’ve even been able to wear my glasses for several hours today, which is a huge improvement, as I normally have dreadful allodynia with them and can only stand to wear them a few minutes at a time.” (Reported 18 weeks after inoculating with 5 NA and then adding 10-12 more at 12 weeks.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1079127865476501/]

=== Alopecia ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth#Alopecia | '''Helminthic therapy and hair growth: Alopecia''']].

=== Alzheimer's ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases#Dementia | '''Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases: Dementia''']].

=== Anaphylaxis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | '''Helminthic therapy and allergy''']]

=== Angioedema ===

* "I did not have any angioedema during HT. My coughing seems slightly better in the 9 weeks following treatment, but it is not gone." (Reported by a subject with hereditary angioedema.) (Link expired)

* “I'm hosting about 100 HW ... My (facial) angioedema is mostly gone. I'm off all meds but it took 6-7 months.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/902287509827205/?comment_id=902906493098640&offset=0&total_comments=3&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

=== Ankylosing spondylitis ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and ankylosing spondylitis | '''Helminthic therapy and ankylosing spondylitis''']]

=== Anxiety ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Anxiety | '''Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders: anxiety''']].

=== Appetite, loss of ===

See [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | '''Helminths, appetite and body weight''']]

=== Arrhythmia ===

(Also known as cardiac arrhythmia, heart arrhythmia and dysrhythmia.)

* "... among plenty of other symptoms, I had arrhythmia, pretty worrying at the time, but never got a diagnosis / they didn’t find what caused the issue. This is one of the first symptoms that NA helped clear for me. Later on I realised the arrhythmia was caused by mould toxicity." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6542392999149933/?comment_id=6542599355795964]

=== Arteritis ===
(Not to be confused with arthritis.)

See [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis#Giant cell arteritis (GCA) | '''Giant cell arteritis (GCA)''']]

=== Arthritis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | '''Helminthic therapy and arthritis''']]

=== Aspirin-induced asthma / Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome ===

(Also known as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD))

* The following two reports are by the same person, two years apart.
** "My father… has something called Samter's syndrome which includes nasal polyps, chronic rhinitis, and aspirin sensitivity. For 20-25 years, he had little senses of taste or smell, from polyps on his sinus nerve, and had multiple surgeries to remove them. Starting about 6 months after getting HW (by then, he had about 50, I think), the polyps went away, never to return. He's had his taste and smell all the time, acutely, for now a good 3½ years." (Reported in a private discussion, Mar 2012)
** “Now he is getting the same efficacy from HDC.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/263818550462551/permalink/265373996973673/]

* "Wow this is amazing! I was diagnosed with Samters Triad / Aspirin Exaccerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD) in Oct 2014. Samters Triad is salicylate intolerance, nasal polyps and asthma… I decided to give HW a go in Jul 2015. My initial dose was 25. After 3 months I noticed I could get away with the odd glass of wine without an anti-histamine. In Oct I took a further 40 HW. Then suddenly about 10 days ago (mid January 2016) my nose cleared, and my energy levels escalated. I started cutting back my asthma medication and have taken nothing at all for 4 days now with no symptoms!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/946052288784060/]

* “I have AERD (Samter's Triad). Asthma, nasal polyps, and aspirin sensitivity. I've taken incredible amounts of prednisone to control the polyps and have had two surgeries to remove them over the last ten years… Started worms a few years ago. Initially HDC, which worked well and would provide relief for weeks. Made the move to NA and have had similar success there, it just lasts longer. I see improvement with as little as 30 NA, but get better control with 60-70. I currently take: Singular 10mg, Advair (250/50) as needed, and Pulmicort off label usage. With worms, I'm able to not take prednisone or aspirin… The worms make a night and day difference. Without them I would be in a bad place.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1401894353199849/]

=== Asthma ===
See [[Helminthic therapy and asthma | '''Helminthic therapy and asthma''']]

=== Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, ADD) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders''']]

=== Autism ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and autism |'''Helminthic therapy and autism''']]

=== Autoimmune hepatitis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and the liver#Autoimmune hepatitis | '''Helminthic therapy and the liver: autoimmune hepatitis''']]

=== Autoimmune kidney disease ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Autoimmune kidney diseases | '''Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases: Autoimmune kidney diseases''']]

=== Balanitis ===

* "I have been balanitis free for 2 months. I have been on NA for 1.5 years. I still put some coconut oil to help, but my glans looks normal and I can have sexual activities without worrying to much." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6295678840488018/?comment_id=6302771613112074]

=== Barrett's Oesophagus ===

* "Two years ago I was diagnosed with Barrett's Esophagus. I had a endoscopy 2 weeks ago which showed no Barrett's." (Link expired)

=== Bipolar disorder ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Bipolar disorder | '''Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders: bipolar disorder''']]

=== Bloating ===

* “I’m finding at week 11 (after a dose of NA) I'm suddenly able to pass gas, rather than holding it trapped in my gut for days on end, and this has resulted in a much happier vagus nerve!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1140954622627158/?comment_id=1146354245420529&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D]

=== Body temperature, poor control of ===
* "This is awesome! I am so excited that I feel warm. I normally have unusually low body temp and am always freezing my ass off. I'm thinking this is progress." (Reported in a private discussion, Sept 2012)

=== "Brain fog" ===

* "When my wife was under the grip of allergies and food intolerances ... we called her potato head, something that, when you are playing duplicate bridge, is most unhelpful. Fortunately, all this temporary foggy mind has lifted now as is clear by our bridge results..." (Link expired)

* "... i was suffering brain fog... this has all definitely improved. (Link expired)

* "I've been doing helminths for a couple of years now, and have finally got the dose right. They have cleared up my head fog considerably, and in fact I just had a three week stretch in which I was completely symptom free. Which was amazing, and I'm very grateful." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/bacteriotherapy/permalink/483999924969033/?comment_id=484048354964190&offset=0&total_comments=5]

* “I have ... not had the terrible sleepiness and brain fog I normally get.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/544570138932279/?comment_id=546531245402835&offset=0&total_comments=44]

* “... brain fog is greatly improved, and i have more energy.” (Link expired)

* “I self-infected 25 hookworm (and) began to experience symptom relief (after) about 2.75-3.0 months… Brain fog/etc has completely cleared up in a very non-druggy way. It's hard to describe but supplements which 'clear up brain fog' were obviously just getting me 'high'. In contrast, hookworms have cleared up brain fog just by removing the brain fog and making me normal again.” [http://pastebin.com/raw/1fHvWHTc]

* “My depression and anxiety and brain fog have disappeared on NA.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1087706324618655/?comment_id=1089572444432043&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

* “HDC has had a positive effect on my energy, brain fog, and sleep… It's hard to quantify one’s energy but for months prior to hdc I had a regular mid-afternoon crash and I don’t have those anymore. Also I’ve been prescribed adderall to cope with work and since starting hdc I’ve reduced my dose by ½ and for 2 days immediately after dosing with hdc even that’s too much… I am thrilled with the benefits I’ve had so far. I was seriously looking into applying for long term disability at work and now I can handle it ok again.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1355145527874732/]

* “I’d previously required max doses of two antidepressants plus stimulants to improve my lupus brain fog and stay functional. Exactly three months after each NA inoculation, I needed to cut down my stimulants because I'd suddenly be overstimulated and jittery, to the point where I've now stopped them. By the fourth dose, I was able to wean completely off both the antidepressants, when previously I couldn't tolerate a dose reduction for a week. I've been symptom-free except after I had to take helminth-unfriendly antibiotics for Lyme disease. Then my symptoms came back a month later, only to improve again three months after I reinoculated with NA. My psychiatrist has been impressed enough to share my results with other clients. There's a lot of evidence now that depression and other mental illnesses are caused at least in part by inflammation, and I chalk it up to that, but it was a completely unexpected benefit.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3003258209730114/?comment_id=3003295283059740&reply_comment_id=3005744796148122]

=== Bronchiectasis ===

* "I have bronchiectasis - primarily a complication of whooping cough as a child. Started (HT 3 months ago) and my coughing has improved out of this world. Had 2nd dose this week and, whether its psychosomatic or not, the improvement in my lungs is amazing!! [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4849935435062373/]

* On [https://www.biomeora.com/helminth biomera], there is a video testimonial of Orana who is self-treating with NA hookworm for diabetes and bronchiectasis and fix her chronic cough with NA.

See also chronic cough

=== Bronchitis ===
* “So far I have taken 35 HW and 300 human WW. My chronic bronchitis seems to be gone, and my asthma as well, and I was able to drop my prednisone from 20mg to 12mg for my ulcerative colitis.” (Link expired)

=== Bruising ===
* “I bruise very easily, but now (after hosting NA for 6 months and TSO for 3 months) I don't bruise even when I've taken a bump. This has been very noticeable for me.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/3741291362593458?comment_id=4081939218528669] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/3741291362593458?comment_id=4081939218528669&reply_comment_id=4083763361679588]

* “I was extremely itchy from 2-3 days (following surgery), and went back to have that checked out. The doc said itchiness is healing and was shocked that I had that so early. He was also shocked that I had no pain, no bruising and clearly quick healing.” [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis_and_ulcerative_colitis_relieved_by_TSO?fbclid=IwAR0X2tGe44tE122XmT7AcnbIMBAPUvkLwTqhVlD7tNj1HG7dtLTiaLyEXG4]

=== Cancer ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and cancer |'''Helminthic therapy and cancer''']].

* "Originally my doctor wanted to try these guys (NA) as an experiment to see if they help with reducing my cancer. We also found out these guys help the genetic condition that caused my cancer (FAP) which mimics an autoimmune disease. There are few studies that prove that elevated eosinophils actually help kill colorectal cancer cells. Six months into it, I'm cancer free." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3202460769809856/?comment_id=3202523616470238&reply_comment_id=3204424989613434]

=== Candida ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and candida | '''Helminthic therapy and candida''']]

=== Car sickness ===
* "... my car sickness seems to be cured." (Link expired)<br>And this was still in remission 2-3 years later. (Link expired)

=== Coeliac / celiac disease ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and coeliac / celiac disease | '''Helminthic therapy and coeliac / celiac disease''']]

=== Chemical sensitivity ===

See [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) | '''Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)''']].

=== Chronic cough ===

According to Jane Puckey "Regarding chronic cough. based on three of my clients experience. NA relieved cough very effectively and within a month or so in each case" (private email jan 2026)

* "Within a week of introducing 3 helminths to my system I experienced a huge reduction in my chronic cough symptoms - a health issue I have had for most of my life and which had never responded to inhalers. I continued to use helminths three monthly for almost two years until the rash that came with introducing them to my system became untenable (due to suspected MCAS)." (private email from Jane Puckey jan 2026)

See also Bronchiectasis.

=== Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)===
See [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#ME/CFS (Myalgic encephalomyelitis / Chronic fatigue syndrome)| ME/CFS]]. Also see [[#Fatigue|Fatigue]].

=== Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD)''']]

=== Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | '''Helminthic therapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)''']].

=== Cognition, poor ===

* “Like my son, who had gigantic cognitive leaps within weeks of inoculation, after I bumped up to about sixty hookworms, I am finding myself capable of doing things I have never been able to do in my entire life. The whole way that I see the world has literally changed it seems overnight. I can see people in a way I never did before (or it's been so many years that I just do not remember.) Every day has been fantastic for about eight weeks now.” (Reported in a private discussion, Dec 2012)

* “After hosting hookworm... I find that my ability to reason has improved, more like when I was young. This was surprising, to say the least.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1087706324618655/?comment_id=1088294924559795&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D]

=== Colitis ===
See [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Microscopic colitis | '''Microscopic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lymphocytic colitis | '''Lymphocytic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Pancolitis | '''Pancolitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative colitis | '''Ulcerative colitis''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative proctitis | '''Ulcerative proctitis''']].

=== Constipation ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and bowel function#Constipation | '''Helminthic therapy and bowel function: Constipation''']].

=== Cracked heels ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Cracked heels | '''Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Cracked heels''']]

=== Cramps (abdominal) ===

* “Used to have cramps every 3-4 weeks (needed Vicodin for pain), now it happens much less frequently (2-3 months) and not as severe (much less Vicodin needed)” (Link expired)

=== Crohn's disease ===
Also see [[Helminthic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | '''Helminthic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)''']].

The first eight reports are more detailed than the quotes that follow them.

:* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQkaJL9P6s Clinical remission of Crohn's disease] (73 minute YouTube video) For more from the same person, see [https://www.youtube.com/@letshealIBD this YouTube channel].
:* [[Hookworms literally saved my life | '''Hookworms literally saved my life''']]
:* [[Crohns and colitis patient bounces back to health with hookworms and fecal transplants | '''Crohn's and colitis patient bounces back to health with hookworms and fecal transplants''']]
:* [[Thirteen years and counting: maintaining remission with TSO for Crohn's and IBD-related (non erosive) arthritis | '''Thirteen years and counting: maintaining remission with TSO for Crohn's and IBD-related (non erosive) arthritis''']]
:* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rm_UmQAgd0U How worms changed my life. Helminthic therapy for Crohn's disease] (57 minute YouTube video)
:* [[Hookworms prove life-changing for a patient with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease | '''Hookworms prove life-changing for a patient with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease''']]
:* [[Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohn’s disease | '''Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohn’s disease''']]
:* [[Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms | '''Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms''']]

* Michael was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease in 1996 as a 17-year-old. Three operations and a slew of drugs relieved the symptoms, but only at the cost of unbearable side effects. After reading scores of research papers, Michael decided to try helminthic therapy. He was not overjoyed at the idea of swallowing worms, but everything he read convinced him it was worth the risk. When he was 25 he ordered a batch of pig whipworm eggs from a German company called Ovamed (it is illegal to sell or breed helminths in the US). Michael drank 2500 eggs every two weeks for three months. His symptoms began to disappear. In April 2010 he allowed 35 hookworm larvae to burrow into his skin and says that his Crohn’s disease has been in remission ever since. “As soon as you say worms people get freaked out,” Michael says. “But it’s not like you feel disgusting worms wriggling inside you. People forget that they have billions of bacteria crawling over their skin right now.” Before self-infecting, Michael’s intestines were ravaged and bleeding. When Moshe Rubin of the New York Hospital Queens examined Michael’s intestine earlier this year, he found that his “small bowel looked almost completely normal”. “It’s not a controlled trial, but the suggestion based on this observation is that helminthic therapy was helping him,” Rubin says. (Citizen scientist: hookworms changed my life. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026240791161868X New Scientist, 2011 Aug 6])

* "... it seems to have worked...my doctor is pretty optimistic about it actually." (Link expired)

* The following three reports are by, or about, the same person, written over nine months.
** "... what can i say? life's a party!" (Link expired)
** "... she feels good, good energy, good color, very little pain or discomfort. She sleeps well and has a very good quality of life." (Link expired)
** “One year ago I was ill and hospitalized. I could have died if I kept going the way I was going. My dad and I researched hookworm for 6 months and decided to go for it. I am living a normal life now. Living each day happy and healthy... I honestly believe the worms saved my life..." (Link expired)

* "I feel like I have my life back... I continue to experience a gradual improvement in all of my crohns symptoms, but am relieved to see the lab work backs us my observations." (Link expired)

* The following three reports are by the same person, over twenty months.
** "Pain and discomfort are almost nil. No urgency at all. Best of all today had a solid bm... it is a real joy to see this definite improvement." (Link expired)
** "Gut wise i feel better than i have in many years, including when i was strictly on SCD for 2 years." (Link expired)
** "My health is the best it has been for many years... Feeling really good and thankful..." (Link expired)

* "... my blood work shows that I am ‘healthy’. As my family dr. said, ‘You are like a normal person.’ That's something I have never heard!” (Link expired)
* "... symptoms stopped when I took the TSO and subsequently the Whipworm... Plus now I am tapering off my Imuran without any worsening of my condition." (Link expired)
* "... my allergies to the following foods have disappeared: avocado, cherries, plums, peaches, almonds... and am now in remission from severe Crohn's disease." (Link expired)
* "... the change is nothing short of spectacular and has really transformed my life." (Link expired)

* "I saw my Rhuematologist today and got my latest ANA, sed rate, CRP results. He had to re read them THREE times! Said he just couldn't beleive it... the ANA shows me going into remission and the sed rate has gone from 350 to 40! and my CRP was near normal. (Link expired)

* The following four reports are from the same individual, spanning 4 years.
** "HT is working for me! ... It has stopped the crohn's disease I have suffered from since the age of 12... I am now healthier than I have ever been.” (Link expired)
** "Within 6 months I was off prednisone and achieved remission from CD… Symptom free and drug free after 33 years of illness! WOW!” (Link expired)
** "Since using helminths I have been healthy enough to finish 2 Degrees and live and work abroad for the last 4 years without worry of being debilitated by CD… I would not be healthy and a productive human if it was not for helminths." (Link expired)
** “When I began taking helminths my gut was in awful shape and my GI doc wanted to preform another surgery. I chose to begin helminth therapy hoping that it would save me and my gut. Helminths did what no stop gap surgery or drug could do, it put my CD in remission (after 30 years of coping) and has controlled it since then. It will be 10 years in Jan. 2016. Best choice I have ever made.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/885228848199738/?comment_id=885293641526592&offset=0&total_comments=2&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

* "My mom… was basically waiting for emergency surgery when she started hookworm therapy for Crohn's disease. She only has five feet of small bowel left, and the surgery would have made it necessary for a permanent feeding tube. That was almost a year ago and now she's far from needing surgery. She was living off Ensure and now eats food again… She started with 10 hookworms then six months later took 15 more. She's not cured but has a quality of life she was never able to achieve with pharmaceuticals." (Reported in a private discussion, 2011.)

* “I have had 3 resections with 6-8 inches of small intestine taken out each time. The last one was in 2004 and since going on helminthic therapy and gluten-free diet, I haven't needed surgery.” (Reported in a private discussion, Jan 2012)

* “I have had five resections, and have had the helminths for 14 months and feel great. At the time I got my hw, I was heading for my sixth bowel resection, and permanent feeding tube. I escaped that scenerio by a hair. I do not get strictures anymore.” (Reported in a private discussion, Jan 2012)

* "…almost 2 years into therapy… and officially had my last infliximab infusion as they are no longer required as the worms are controlling my crohns, happy days. 12 months ago I wasn't even lasting 4 weeks between infusions and was facing colon removal and permanent bag, so I had a 2nd hw infection and it just got better and better. Now my crp is low and I reach the 12 week between infusions and still have no symptoms so it is no longer required." (Reported in a private discussion, Mar 2012)

* "I have now had 4 doses of hookworm ... I'm drug-free, have had a long period of being symptom-free. Well worth the trip so far." [https://web.archive.org/web/20161216085058/http://hookworm4crohns.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/day.html]

* “His disease affects his entire digestive tract from mouth to anus.... He has been hospitalized at least yearly more often multiple times per year since he was ten. We started combination therapy (hookworm and whipworm) in September of 2011. He has not been in the hospital since... No cramping, no bleeding, no loose stools.” (Link expired)

* "I have had Crohn's since 2000. I have tried every drug out there with little success and a couple of near death experiences. I have basically been living in a recliner for almost a year. From August 2011 until May 2012 I was moving between the bathroom and the recliner. This is my 3rd dose of hookworms. I had little hope that this would work but the results are unbelievable (and) the last month has been crazy great!! I hit my 100 days and painted my entire house, inside and out! I used my painkillers not for lower left quadrant pain but for being so sore from activity that I couldn't get out of bed!!! I love hookworms!!!" (Reported in a private discussion, Jun 2012)

* "It has been over two years now since we began treating Crohn's disease in our daughter… (who was) diagnosed with Crohn’s disease at the age of 14 months... Treating our little girl with helminthic therapy was the single best decision we could have made… The treatment has enabled her to live a normal life… rather then one riddled with pain and fatigue, pills, injections, and steroids… She is now over three and a half, and is as happy, healthy, and beautiful as any parent could want…" [http://www.jasper-lawrence.com/the-story-of-a-all-in-one-place/]

* "Today marks exactly 600 days (20 months) since I have taken immunosuppressive medication of any kind. I suffer moderate to severe Crohn's, since 2006. I dosed with hookworm late 2010 (22 months ago), and twice in 2011. After three doses, I estimate that the hookworm alone achieves 85% symptom relief for me. I rejoice at the phenomenal benefit to my life. It would be no exaggeration to call my case a small miracle. I hope to continue to experience this degree of relief." (Reported in a private message, Aug 2012)

* "I'm going to Tanzania to climb Kilimanjaro for charity on sunday. It's a pretty big thing for me, this time two years ago I couldn't walk much more than ten meters without discomfort, and walking anywhere for more than five minutes was out of the question. I don't half love my hookworms!" [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/402522233137071/?comment_id=402639323125362&offset=0&total_comments=14&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R9%22%7D]

* “I have crohns disease. I have had six bowel resections in the past, last one was seven yrs ago, and I have less than five ft left. I was heading for a feeding tube and surgery two yrs ago, when I got the worms. They work great for me, I am a super responder. All is under control now. I will make sure I always get topped up with hookworms, don't want to live without them.” (Reported in a private message, Dec 2012)

* “My 11 year old daughter is nearing the 15 month mark with her hook worms... and I wanted to give an update. My daughter has not been on ANY medication (including over-the-counter immodium) since my last posting. She has solid stools most of the time, and I can count the intestinal cramping episodes on one hand. (And frankly we wonder if those few episodes aren't related to school/stress and not Crohn's?). We are not so naive to believe there won't be hiccups down the road, but the helminthic therapy is thus far miraculous... the improvement from a year ago is stunning! Our beautiful little girl is yet again thriving…” (Link expired)

* "I just thought I'd share that yesterday was the first time I went to the grocery store in 6 months! I haven't felt this well in so long that it feels completely new to me. I felt quite proud of myself when I got home. In the past 6 months, the only two places I've been are my parent's house a few blocks away, and my son's school to pick him up. I'm starting to feel like a normal person again. I'm extremely pleased that my worms are working and that they are working so well! My "old friends" are my new (best) "old friends!" (Reported, after only 1 dose of hookworms, plus whipworms, in a private message, Mar 2013)

* "Once the worm flu went away, I was in such a wonderful place. I was still taking my Remicade infusions, but I was practically off my Imuran… My colonoscopy showed major improvement, and I knew it was due to the worms." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/507604599295500/?comment_id=513762892013004&offset=0&total_comments=12]

* "I was diagnosed with Crohns in 2007. After the meds were ramped up to Remicade in January 2010 I explored alternatives and found helminthic therapy. I started on helminthic therapy in June 2010, had my last Remicade infusion on July 23, 2010 and never looked back. I've had my ups and downs, and earlier this year when the symptoms came back in full force and I realized my worms had probably all died, I got back on the "worm wagon" in early April of this year and am doing great again." (Reported to a closed group, Aug 2013)

* “HT (hookworms) have completely changed my life. I can eat a normal range of foods now, my energy levels have been restored and I no longer take any pharmaceutical medication. I can't believe this treatment has not been adopted more widely, given how safe and effective it is.” (Link expired)

* The following 2 posts are by the same person, 15 months apart.
** "… the incredible pain I normally experience in my upper abdomen from the crohn's (mostly located in my jejunum) has slowly but surely vanished! I mean, how do you not notice something like that after suffering for so long?! I guess the improvements were slow and subtle. Anyhow, I feel very certain I can thank my HW for that! Nothing, and I do mean NOTHING has ever helped my crohn's so completely. In over 10 years, even the years I considered myself in remission, I was never so completely free from upper abdominal pain after a meal!" [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/555510421171584/]
** “When I started with HW I was having as many as 20-30 trips to the bathroom per day and through the night. I had a ton of intestinal bleeding. I was almost entirely home bound because I simply couldn't be far enough from a bathroom long enough to get anywhere… I was surviving solely on Absorb Plus at that time - no solid foods and was very under weight… It was around 4, maybe 5 months in that I noticed my abdominal pain had disappeared. Slowly my stools were becoming less frequent (10-15 times per day/night). Then they started firming up slightly. Then I was noticing less and less blood. I would have 1 good day out of 7, and I'd have energy and feel GOOD... I was able to go outside and do fun things with my kids again without being exhausted 5 minutes into an activity and desperately wanting to lie down. I wasn't constantly running to the bathroom. Now, I have really good days probably 65% of the time. I haven't had ANY blood in my stools in months now and my stools are mostly always formed… The urgency is MUCH better… For a while I was using LDN as well as helminths but now I'm using helminths solely… and I'm still seeing gradual improvement. This has been the single most helpful thing I've ever done for the Crohn's I've dealt with forever… I'm just so incredibly happy... I'm so glad I decided to try this. It's almost unbelievable… It quite possibly saved my life!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/765969386792352/]

* "I raced triathlon for several years... I struggled with the inflammatory results of all the training, and had relatively frequent flare ups of my chrons/colitis. Pre race anxiety also made things worse... So, I took a year off of training and decided to try HT without any exercise. Over the first year, I noticed a good deal of improvement in my symptoms and ability to tolerate allergens. Once I felt like I was stable, I started to ride my bike again. Over the next year, I was able to increase the frequency of my rides to 5-6x per week. I'm now racing cyclocross and enjoy it a great deal. While I have adjusted my expectations and anticipated outcomes, I still am able to get out, enjoy myself, and maintain a healthy lifestyle." (Link expired)

* "At 6 months in I realized that my HW had made a profound impact on my crohn's symptoms. It happened very very slowly and gradually for me. I wish I had tried HW earlier in my disease process. I really feel that had I inoculated right away, I could have avoided a lot of pain and misery." (Reported to the Facebook Helminthic Therapy Support Group)[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/]

* “My son has crohns and HT has been very effective. It did take a while (well over 12 months) but he is in very good shape now and has been for nearly a year.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/614921948563764/?qa_ref=pp&comment_id=614959908559968&offset=0&total_comments=43&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R9%22%7D]

* “In 2003 my Doc, Dr. W was involved in clinical study having to do with Helminths. He said I was a perfect candidate since I was not responding to the typical meds. I was to ingest whipworm eggs from pigs in a cup of Gateraid. I began the study and 8 weeks later began to have less symptoms of the disease. 8 weeks later and my symptoms were gone. A colonoscopy confirmed it. I couldn't' believe my eyes! It was healthy and pink! Not like the photos before that resembled hamburger. I have been in remission ever since!” (Posted in July 2014 to the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation.) [https://www.ccfacommunity.org/story?storyid=170] (Login required)

* “A year after starting helminith therapy, I am 10 kgs heavier, eating really well, including all sorts of stuff I haven't eaten for years (although I am not eating EVERYTHING yet..), keeping fit, far more physically active and far less time in the bathroom. I am not "healed" but I am a hell of a lot better. Even my gastro said on my last visit to him, that he did not believe I'd be able to 'bounce back' without surgery and that he was pleasantly surprised.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/673902419332383/?comment_id=674242302631728&offset=0&total_comments=7]

* “I am in 3rd year of therapy now. I had a colonoscopy done in May 2014 and it did not show any sign of crohn's. As a result I have been put off from medication (mesalamine). It is two months after stopping medication and things are normal. In my case the improvements are still adding on in terms or overall benefits.” (Reported to a closed group, Aug 2014)

* “My daughter has Crohns and no matter which treatment she has had, over the last 7 yrs, her inflammatory markers never fell below 100. 3 months ago she started whipworm and hookworm therapy. I know its early days but yesterday her inflammatory markers where 27!!! Her treatment has been the same, with no other changes, so our little friends must be making the improvement! So pleased. Long may it continue!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/702288106493814/]

* “My son has done the combo of human ww/hw. (He started off with the HDC.) January 2015 was a total of 24 months. It was hard to know if it was working because the doctor put him on medicine. He was not doing well during the Holidays until we decided to see how he would do without any of the medicines. Well he's been doing great and living life free of crohns symptoms. When they did the endoscopy and colonscopy wherever the worms were located the doctor even said these areas appeared normal.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/811167795605844/?comment_id=811415938914363&offset=0&total_comments=8&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

* “The worms really have been a dream come true. I know my western docs say it's a disease of flare/remission yah da yah da but my experience has been straight flare from moderate to severe for 2½ years until the worms and then a straight decent to 98% remission a few months after starting the worms. I ditched the azathioprine (4 months ago) and so far everything has been grand.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/811167795605844/?comment_id=811513532237937&offset=0&total_comments=10&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D]

* “I can confidently say that my stomach problems have become at least 70% better… I have done 3 doses so far… I have had this disease (Crohn’s/colitis) since i was 12 and had IBS since i was around 6. This has made a ginormous difference in my life. I dont really get sick from food stuffs any longer. Its amazing.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1179253398797280/?comment_id=1179733028749317&reply_comment_id=1260611577328128&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “At my worst flares, I could not leave the house for fear of messing my pants. Any trip over 30 minutes was a risk and had to be after noon. Mornings were spent on the toilet most of the time. The burn was so bad that I had to sit in the tub after every trip to the bathroom. Now, I go about 3 times per day. Each time is usually a type 3 on the Bristol chart. It has been 4 months since I began the TSO. My Crohn's symptoms are gone. No night sweats or cramps. I am not taking any medicines whatsoever. When I really started to see results, I stopped everything but the worms. I can honestly say that the worms were the biggest reason for my recovery.” (Edited from two posts: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1097855963603691/?comment_id=1317327664989852&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1347925658596719/?comment_id=1347962081926410&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R5%22%7D] Also see [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1397453266977291/?comment_id=1397517553637529&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R1%22%7D])

* “LDN got me better but not 100%. Worms helped me more.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1371046069618011/?comment_id=1371064702949481&reply_comment_id=1371695616219723&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R5%22%7D]

* "I have Crohns that has been focused in the upper colon and what used to be my ileum. I have been taking 2500 TSO for nearly 2 years. After one year I was significantly improved - down to a single small ulcer." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1386059201450031/?comment_id=1386135821442369&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* "I have Crohn's and helminthic therapy has completely changed my life. I'm on NA and TTO although I think the NA does most of the work. I do still take Entocort but I have energy, I have hobbies, I have friends, I can eat food, and I'm not in constant pain... It is slow going though. I felt some improvement after 3 months but it took about a full year before I felt good." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1407045216018096/?comment_id=1407331732656111&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “Moderate to severe Crohn’s for 23 years. Been dosing (NA) for around 7 or 8 years. Totally drug free for the first time in two decades. While I did decide eventually to supplement my treatment with additional medication, I have never felt better than I currently do. Not a stretch to say that it's changed my life.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2544371922285414/?comment_id=2544453165610623]

* “I started with HDC last year for my Crohn’s and went into remission within a week. I’m treating with NA now and haven’t had a single relapse ever since I started helminth treatment, except for the little window when I switched between helminths and had none alive in my gut. Also my overall food sensitivities and allergies decreased. I went from throwing up from a sip of water to being able to eat almost everything.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3112657048790229/?comment_id=3113589072030360]

* “My son is 19 yrs old and was diagnosed with severe Crohn’s at 16. He has been on NA for 2 years and currently takes 20 every 4-5 months. He’s in remission and has never had any side effects. Every time he does labs, the numbers get better and better. He also takes humira once a month.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3112657048790229/?comment_id=3114619215260679]

* “I have Crohn’s disease, and started with UC at age 12. I’m now 60. I tried all the drugs, last attempt was entyvio and budesonide which stirred things up for me. I’ve been on NA for 15 months, and I’m now drug free. My calprotectin is in normal range and I’m feeling great. Low dosing for me keeps the symptoms under control. I seem best with 3 NA every 10 weeks and 250 TSO every 13 days, or so. I love the combination, especially because TSO gives me such a beautiful bounce and I can regulate dosing.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3145854602137140/?comment_id=3146771518712115] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3145854602137140/?comment_id=3146771518712115&reply_comment_id=3147551935300740]

* “I was diagnosed with IBD, first UC, then indeterminate colitis, and finally mild Crohns. On colonoscopy, the inflammation spread from the ascending colon to the rectum, and was quite severe. I have not stopped searching to regain my health for the last 8 years. Immunosuppressants didn’t help, FMT didn’t seem to work, and strict diets were hard core, mentally, physically and socially, But it’s now 6 months since I inoculated with 5 NA, and it’s been a textbook journey. A life changing treatment. I experienced all the side effects, as described in the [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Hookworm_timeline hookworm timeline]. It was tough going at about week 4, with strong nausea, etc., but that started to reduce by about week 7. This is when the improvements began - a reduction in gut gurgling, indigestion, chronic dry eyes, joint pain, chronic headaches, severe brain fog, depression (worry), and the rest. Before NA, I followed the [https://www.thefoodintolerancedietitian.com.au/testing-for-salicylates RPAH Elimination Diet] which allowed me to pinpoint food chemical intolerances, but without much success. Following this diet with NA on board, I’m doing the best I have since becoming chronically ill. By week 10, I started eating grains, something I hadn’t been able to digest for many years. From there, it’s been improvements all the way and I now have normal digestion. I would encourage anyone with ill health to try this fearless treatment. NA have changed my life.” (Edited from posts in [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3691008387621756/ this support group thread] and [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3686021688120426/?comment_id=3690939754295286 this post].)

* "I started NA on Jan 4th this year (2022) for Crohn’s Disease and Sweet Syndrome. I was not in a good way. In 2020 I was told I was going to die due to inflammation in my bowel, and it perforated while hopping into bed. I was in hospital 4 times, each for 2-3 weeks and tried every medicine available. I refused surgery due to the fact it almost always fails in my situation, so I was discharged. I managed to do nothing, and hardly moving for a year, I got a little better. Then I found NA. I've taken doses of 3, 3 and 5 worms so far, at around 10 weeks between each dose. I had a specialist appointment on Friday and, for the first time in 20 years, my blood work is fabulous. My CRP is 7, my cal protectin is 50 and my eosinophil level is raised, which is also good. My CRP has never been below 280 and my cal protectin was normally around 6000. So I have no signs of disease in my blood and I'm no longer an extreme surgical case. I'm not even sick as far as doctors are concerned. I still get a little arthritis in my hands but that could be because it's winter. And my tongue still has geographical patterns, but otherwise I'm pretty great. Thank you my worm friends." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5137991819590065] "I am in complete remission on 6NA every 10 weeks." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6255030627886173/?comment_id=6255050097884226]

* "My brother used the TSO 2500 eggs twice a month for 18 months to cure his Crohn’s disease, and it worked wonders for him." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5560751367314106/?comment_id=5565769576812285&reply_comment_id=5565779116811331]

* "This is my 1 year update of using helminthic therapy for severe Crohn’s disease and total food intolerance. Right now I am ecstatic! As of this week my doctor has told me my labs show that I am in clinical remission!! My calprotectin is at a 15, and my CRP is within the normal range. In the past my Calprotectin has been so high that it was beyond the range they test for… I am still in disbelief. This is the first time I have been in remission in over 3 years. I am still currently experiencing 50% loose stools and nocturnal bowel movements… but that’s it! Symptoms that have been healed are: weekly vomiting, weekly blood in stools, constant nausea, pain, discomfort and unease, urgency, fatigue, and all issues with eating (like having to run to the toilet immediately after putting something in my mouth) and total complete food intolerance. For 3 years I got most of my calories from meal replacement shakes but, in the past year, my total food intolerance has been reduced by about 80%. So overall amazing progress!!… I feel positive and am looking forward to my future for the first time in a long time. For the first time in over 12 months I am fully off of the steroid prednisolone!!! After trying and failing so many times to get off the drug because IBD symptoms would come back so full on, I’ve now successfully gotten off of it! I have found the natural medicine I have been searching for all these years. 13 years of suffering and all I had to do was take some bloody worms…" (Edited from [https://letshealibd.com/2024/07/24/one-year-update-of-using-helminthic-therapy/ this blog post].)

* "Have Crohns and was in hospital with 600+ calprotectin and 60+ CRP (ten months ago). After 15 doses of TSO am off all meds and CRP is <1 and calprotectin normal. I have 5 more doses left but transitioning to NA because it's cheaper. Just took 10 NA." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/24264812243148069/]

=== Dandruff ===

* “My dandruff went away completely. I had moderate dandruff. Enough that wearing dark colored shirts and sweaters was really challenging, and my scalp was always itching/crawling. I didn’t even think of it as a part of my disease picture - I just figured I had dandruff. But at some point, my daughter (a cosmetologist) noticed that I didn’t have it anymore. It was probably about a year after I started helminths (NA) that she commented on it. The dandruff hasn’t returned.” (Edited from two posts. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1903076339748312/?comment_id=1904316219624324&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R1%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1903076339748312/?comment_id=1904316219624324&reply_comment_id=1929430043779608&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R2%22%7D])

=== Dementia ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases#Dementia | '''Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases: Dementia''']].

=== Depression / low mood ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Depression | '''Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders: depression''']].

=== Dermatitis herpetiformis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Dermatitis herpetiformis | '''Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Dermatitis herpetiformis''']]

===Dermatographia===

* “My baby started to get dermatographia hives from touch at 6 months when I introduced solids. At 8 months he got 3 hookworm and the hives have stayed away.” (Reported to a closed group, Oct 2014)

* “About a year ago I started off with 5 NA, then went to 15 and now have about 30. I used to have dermatographia, acquired 4 years ago, which causes the skin to welt up at the slightest scratch or irritation. The welts would itch, causing me to scratch more, causing more welts. I was able to write messages on my arm, and, in order to get relief, I had to take a daily dose of Allegra for several years. I finally quit taking Allegra about 4 months into my NA inoculation since I didn’t need it anymore.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3629630493759546/]

=== Dermatomyositis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders#Myositis and dermatomyositis | '''Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders: Myositis and dermatomyositis''']]

=== Developmental delay ===

* "The teachers were telling us it was a definite possibility that he would never actually be able to write and that he would need assistive technology for life… We've been struggling to teach him to read for two years now… Well, in the last month (following inoculation), he's had major developmental leaps... and is now actually reading, has progressed about 12 months in the last month as far as his fine motor skills go. He's reading and writing now, actually reading at or above grade level." (Reported in a private discussion, 2011) [http://turnotheworm.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/update-part-iii-from-worlds-worst.html]

=== Diabetes ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and diabetes | '''Helminthic therapy and diabetes''']]

=== Diarrhea / diarrhoea ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and bowel function#Diarrhea/diarrhoea | '''Helminthic therapy and bowel function: Diarrhea/diarrhoea''']].

===Diverticular disease (diverticulosis / diverticulitis)===

See [[Helminthic therapy and diverticular disease |'''Helminthic therapy and diverticular disease''']].

=== Dry eye syndrome (DES) / keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) ===

(Some of these comments are abbreviated from reports presented elsewhere on this page.)

* “Last few years I noticed my eyes are not producing tears when I cut onions, only slight burning. Less than 3 weeks since inoculation with 5 NA, my eyes are producing tears again when cutting onions.” (A patient with ulcerative colitis.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3352741131448485/]

* “My dry eye also improved, where before it felt like plaster.” (A patient with lupus, Sjogrens, MCS and food allergies.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1021788624543759/]

* “I was diagnosed with Sjogrens… particularly dry eyes… I started with NA two years ago, seeing positive results after 9 months… in all symptoms.” (Link expired)

* “I am nearly completely symptom free for the first time in years. No more sandpaper dry eyes, dry mouth…” (A patient with asthma, eczema, dust mite and multiple other allergies, IBS and pemphigus.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1570547399667876/]

* “Her presenting symptoms included dry eyes and mouth… She procured NA larvae and self-inoculated… On this visit, she was asymptomatic.” (Re a 33-year-old female with a history of mixed connective tissue disease.) [https://journals.lww.com/jclinrheum/Citation/2017/06000/Helminthic_Therapy__A_New_Era_in_Immune_Mediated.19.aspx]

=== Dysautonomia ===

* “I was dx with NCS dysautonomia a long time ago. NA has removed the 'leg pooling' of blood which allows me the freedom of not getting that leaded leg symptom which would cause me to get dizzy... When I have the right number of NA my dysautonomia goes away." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1395722170483734/?comment_id=1396554450400506&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1816875021701778/?comment_id=1817266521662628&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

=== Eczema / dermatitis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and eczema | '''Helminthic therapy and eczema''']]

=== Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) | '''Helminthic therapy and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS)''']].

=== Endometriosis ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Endometriosis | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases''']]

=== Erythromelalgia ===

* "I was suffering from a painful, debilitating autoimmune condition called erythromelalgia, in which my feet would periodically flare a bright red color. (Erythromelalgia involves a loss of small-fiber nerves controlling blood flow.) I also had large-fiber neuropathy, where there was no longer a measurable signal for my sural nerve (a major nerve running from the calf to the foot). Another symptom of the large-fiber neuropathy was losing all strength in the muscles which were supposed to straighten my toes. Not long after I began hosting hookworms, I also started taking low-dose naltrexone. While I think both autoimmune treatments have been helpful, and complementary, the hookworms seem more essential to my well-being. My erythromelagia has improved tremendously since treatment. In addition, I have recovered a measurable signal in the sural nerve, and can straighten my toes normally again. Although I'm not completely free of erythromelagia symptoms, my activities are no longer limited by my feet. And where I was once routinely awakened three times per night by flaring feet, I haven't experienced such a flare for 6 years now. There have also been a number of the "bonuses" that hookworm recipients sometimes speak of. Where I was very susceptible to tendinitis for most of my adult life, this is no longer the case since treatment. Where eating pineapple or strawberries always made my tongue look like a map of the world, those no longer give me any trouble. And my sense of smell, which had diminished significantly, has improved." (Via private communication, July 2015)

=== Eosinophilic enterocolitis ===

* "I once had a young boy in the age of 8 years who developed an eosinophilic enterocolitis when he was 14 months old. During the course of the disease he was treated with Mesalazine, Prednisolone, Budenoside, Ecoli Nissle and Montekulast without any success. When he was hospitalized at the pediatric gastroenterology of Bremen University in Germany he was treated with 10 escalating TSO doses starting from 100 ova ending up with 2000 ova biweekly. He did not show any improvements during the treatment until the last dose. The first time after 6 years he had formed stool without any bleeding anymore. The Doctor in Chief made a poster presentation at the German pediatric gastroenterology conference and won a poster prize." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/9126504824072058?comment_id=9136143396441534]

=== Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE) ===

* "My daughter who has EE is off of Prilosec for the first time in six years!!! Only one incident of reflux in the last eleven days and none of the other typical symptoms that we've seen without it -- sleeplessness, crabbiness and emotional volatility because of increased pain. I'm not giving her anything else -- no antacid, betaine HCL, TUMS, or baking soda in water… This is absolutely huge for us… Her eating is much better in general as she is now able to eat a lot more nutritionally dense food… Yesterday she went to sleep before the rest of us. This has practically never happened." (Reported in a private discussion, Apr 2012)

* "… after the initial inoculation with seven hookworms, Cole experienced some side effects—periumbilical pain and mild diarrhea—but his food reactions improved. After five months, however, Carmon says, 'He regressed a little.' She and her husband decided to have Cole inoculated with 20 more worms. That’s what did the trick, Carmon says. Cole stopped having reactions to his remaining foods and Carmon is slowly adding foods back into his diet. According to his doctors, Cole is in clinical remission, and they are 'fascinated' that helminth therapy worked. Helminth therapy has had other benefits, in addition to dramatically improving his health. 'He used to have trouble learning but he is now doing wonderfully in school … He used to be fussy and hard to please but now he’s just so happy all the time.'” [http://www.livingwithout.com/issues/4_21/fishing_for_cure-2955-1.html]

* "… there has been a dramatic improvement with the eosinophilic esophagitis. Prior to inoculation, I was experiencing some level of food impaction that would, on a weekly basis, require a rush trip to the bathroom to find a way to push food down. I could not eat most foods without a glass of water near by at all times to help wash down each bite of food. Since inoculation, I have not experienced a single episode of food impaction! It's no longer necessary for me to remember a glass of water every time I want a snack… It has been 5 weeks since I used the medication (Flovent) with any regularity, and I'm still symptom free. I'm surprised for 2 reasons. First, EoE was not a condition that I really hoped the worms to improve… Second, I am surprised to have seen such a significant improvement so early in therapy…” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/504053876317239/]

* "I have been dealing with EE for the past 25 years. Food would get stuck in my esophagus just about every day. I have made several trips to the ER to get it pulled out. I started getting dilations done, but it would just close up again within a 2 months. I've had ~30 dilations. My throat was so tight (worst all my doctors have ever seen) they would have to use pediatric scopes and wires to do the dilations. Normal adult sized instruments where two large. I started therapy with Hookworms 20 months ago. It was not until 6 months after starting that I could really say it was starting to help. The dilations done in the past they were BARELY able to dilate me to 8mm and it would close up again in a few weeks. Today I'm dilated to 13mm and we are dilating every 6 months just to stay on top of it… I am very happy with the results so far. It is not 100%, more like 60%, but that 60% has made a HUGE impact on my quality of life." (Link expired)

* “Both my sons were diagnosed with EE at a young age. They were avoiding long lists of foods. One of my sons got to the point that he wasn't tolerating any food, and was on a special hypoallergenic formula. we were considering a feeding tube. We infected both of them with hook and whip two years ago. They now only are allergic to nuts and shellfish! It is a miracle for our family. Their last endoscopies looked great! Our quality of life has greatly improved!! I also had hookworms during my last pregnancy. I was a little worried but delivered a beautiful, healthy baby girl. She has no food allergies. Our allergist is shocked based on our family history.” (Link expired)

* “I started helminthic therapy almost 2 years ago in a desperate attempt to get my eosinophilic esophagitis and endless list of serious allergies under control. At several points, the number of foods I could tolerate was... zero. Even on "medically fabricated food" I was still pretty sick. One of my most burdensome allergies was oral allergy syndrome - an allergy to any food that has not been cooked. I am celebrating this week, because I've discovered that for the first time in 8 years I can eat raw food with NO reaction! Blueberries, strawberries, spinach, broccoli... Delicious! I was close to giving up on my little worms, since I saw no discernible improvement for a year and a half. I'm glad I stuck with it. I'm the healthiest I've ever been, and I wanted to share my joy and gratitude with all of you.” (Reported in a private message, Sept 2013)

* “Our son is five-years-old. He has EoE, Ige mediated allergies, Gastroparesis, OAS, and all of the symptoms of MCAS. He began treating with Helminths seven months ago. We had a rough start. His first dose of 5 HW made him incredibly sick. Thereafter, he had two small doses of HDC a few months apart. The HDC helped him slightly, but their purpose was to acclimate his body for a second dose of HW. He received his second dose of 5 HW around two months ago. Those little guys took him to task. He was extremely ill: vomiting, weight loss, refusal to eat, dangerously high fevers with sudden onset that wouldn't go down, I rushed him into his doctor's office, sometimes several days in a row. His Helminthic doctor suggested terminating the worms, but we hunkered down and stuck through it. Now, he is doing absolutely amazing. He feels better than he has ever felt in his life. The aches and pains that he had learned to live with, in his throat, stomach, chest, and legs have vanished. He is not throwing up. He still struggles a bit when he eats, but he is eating like a champion. He's eating faster and he's eating more. Most importantly, the pain that he used to feel while eating is gone. His rashes are gone. He achieved a new weight record (35 pounds! Yay!)… He has been holding strong, symptom free, for an unprecedented stretch of time now… In hindsight, I am grateful that the mainstream treatment options didn't work for him. He is now pharmaceutical free and feeling good, and that is a wonderful thing.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1040729659316322/]

* “Re daughter, 11 yrs old, with EOE. Failed pork on elimination diet trial. Doctor ordered elimination of pork, and either adding Prilosec back in, or up Flovent from 2 puffs twice daily to 4 puffs twice daily. We opted for the later: eliminate pork and 4 puffs twice daily on Flovent. PLUS we added 3 NA. During the three months we cheated on chicken, turkey and pork over a dozen times. She was not consistent with her Flovent. Probably did not do it 1/3 of the time. Scoped yesterday (for latest biopsy) thinking the worst. Doctor comes in with the biggest smile on his face. Showed me pictures of the beautiful pink veins and smooth skin. He was so shocked at how good the pictures where. He actually talked about a 6 month trial without Flovent. HA HA… Am getting excited about the next dose (of NA) to arrive!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2507957052593568/]

* "The TSO worked for the eosinophilic esophagitis for me. I used TSO 2500 eggs every two and a half weeks for 5 months and stopped for about a month and I could feel it coming back so I bought five months more and that seemed to do the trick. It seems to be ok now. I have not taken any for a couple of months now." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5560751367314106/?comment_id=5564462373609672&reply_comment_id=7150044245051469]

* "Our 16 year old daughter has been on NA for about 5 years and is in remission for EOE. We started in 2019 with three NA every three months and now maintain the colony with three NA every four months. Inflammatory foods that she avoids are gluten, dairy, eggs and nuts, but she has never tried to add these back in because we just don’t want to mess with what is working. She doesn’t even have a GI doctor anymore. She never really got severe because we caught it early, and I believe her most severe scope was 30-60 eosinophils in a high power field. Yay!" [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/8799607873428423/]

=== Fatigue ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#ME/CFS (Myalgic encephalomyelitis / Chronic fatigue syndrome) | '''ME/CFS (Myalgic encephalomyelitis / Chronic fatigue syndrome)''']].

* "... I have had the most amazing increase in energy. I woke up one morning feeling off-the-charts great, and it has more or less stayed that way... I have *never* felt this good, even when I was a kid. (Link expired)

* "I found that I no longer needed to go back to bed for a couple of hours in the middle of the day in order to prevent myself from sinking into extreme exhaustion, and a brief rest in a chair was now all that was required to recharge my battery." [[Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohns disease | (HT wiki, Feb 2020)]]

* "... she has more energy..." (Link expired)

* "I realized - after a few comments from friends - that I had stopped craving ADD drugs like Vyvanse and Adderall for their sheer energizing effect, stopped drinking – ready for this? – a pot and a half of coffee a day. I had more energy than I have had in something like 15 years. The afternoon fatigue wasn’t there as strongly – still there but reduced in its ability to floor me. I didn’t wake up tired and ready to go back to bed… All in all, I'm a happy girl so far. To have some energy back - not complete but so, so much better - is beyond joyful." (Reported by an MS patient, 4 months after inoculation with hookworms, in a private discussion, Dec 2011.)

* "I did not remember what healthy felt like until I found helminths (NA). I was very ill when I began using helminths... My energy and general health is better than most people, I think. I exercise regularly, and push myself hard at times with work, without issues. It's been amazing to be healthy again..." (Reported in a private discussion, Jan 2012.)

* "I suffer , or should I say, used to suffer from fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and multiple chemical sensitivities. I have hookworms, follow the SCD diet, ....and seem to be doing much better." (Reported in a private discussion, Jan 2012.)

* “He says (that, since inoculating with hookworms) he feels as though he has more energy than he can remember in a long, long time. He's started running and exercising at the gym regularly." [http://turnotheworm.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/update-part-iv-from-worlds-worst.html (FB, Mar 2012)]

* “OMG... yes hookworms have literally given me my life back, I did 10 mile walk on 1 Jan. Just a few weeks ago I couldn't get off the sofa and do anything.” (Link expired)

* “From week 10 (after inoculating with 25 NA) my fatigue slowly started to dissipate. This week, I have worked a 45 hour week framing houses in the hot sun (3 months ago I was fatiguing after 3 hours of work). Also, whatever brain fog I had has also resolved.” (Link expired)

=== Fibromyalgia ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and fibromyalgia | '''Helminthic therapy and fibromyalgia''']].

=== Food allergy ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | '''Helminthic therapy and allergy''']]

=== Food intolerance ===
See [[Helminthic therapy and food intolerance | '''Helminthic therapy and food intolerance''']]

Also see [[#Histamine intolerance|'''Histamine intolerance''']], [[#Lactose_intolerance|'''Lactose intolerance''']], [[#Salicylate_intolerance|'''Salicylate intolerance''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)|'''Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)''']].

=== GERD (reflux) ===

* "I was suffering from reflux… I was pleasantly surprised that it went away when I started hookworms to treat my allergies." (Reported in a private discussion, Apr 2012)

* "… my daughter who has eosinophilic esophagitis is off of Prilosec for the first time in six years!!! Only one incident of reflux in the last eleven days and none of the other typical symptoms that we've seen without it -- sleeplessness, crabbiness and emotional volatility because of increased pain. I'm not giving her anything else -- no antacid, betaine HCl, TUMS, or baking soda in water because it's so impossible to get her to comply. This is absolutely huge for us." (Reported in a private discussion, Apr 2012)

* “I have Lupus and GERD as a result of the high doses of steroids to control symptoms. I reduced the steroids over the past two years and the GERD persisted. I started hosting 25 HW in April and increased the dose at 3 monthly increments. There has been a marked improvement from October.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/915728268483129/?comment_id=916300455092577&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

* “Used to have problems with GERD which seems to be mostly a fructan issue for me. Before HW, I avoided GERD symptoms by cutting back/eliminating fructans in my diet. After a few months of HW (5-15 over the last 6 months), I now tolerate fructans better and only get reflux problems if I overdo it.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/915728268483129/?comment_id=1108329112556376&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

* “Since starting NA, my acid reflux has all but disappeared. If I ate very much of anything near bedtime, I would always wake up struggling to stop it coming back up, and I would prop myself up on pillows for gravitational help. Now it is simply never a problem, and I have no fear of absolutely stuffing myself right before bed.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/930067010382588/?comment_id=1705000399555908&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* "Has anyone else noticed that the 'reflux' GORD symptoms they have had for years disappear with Helminths too? It seems to be a common theme amongst many people I have donated NA to. A very welcome benefit. Many people have been taking all kinds of treatments to control pain/discomfort around the solar plexus area for years following a 'diagnosis' of reflux but it seems it may just be inflammation in that nerve rich area?" (Link expired)

* "I've been hosting NA for a smidge over a year now, and I've definitely had less trouble with GERD. I used to have pain if I consumed any of a number of acidic or spicy foods, several kinds of carbohydrate-based foods, or alcohol. Now I can mostly eat those things again, as long as I am careful not to put too much in my stomach at one time… When my shipment was delayed and the worms arrived weeks late and dead, I started to have the pain again until I got replacement larvae." (Link expired)

* "NA have helped me with reflux ..." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5854731341249439/?comment_id=5854778717911368]

=== Gluten ataxia ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Gluten ataxia | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Gluten ataxia''']]

Also see [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Coeliac / celiac disease|'''Coeliac / celiac disease''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)|'''Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)''']].

=== Hashimoto's thyroiditis / Graves' disease ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease | '''Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease''']]

=== Headaches ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Migraine and headaches | '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Migraine and headaches''']]

===Helicobacter pylori infection===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Helicobacter pylori | '''Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases''']]

=== Histamine intolerance ===
Also see [[#Food_intolerance|'''Food intolerance''']]

* “I eat "forbidden" food and it is like a miracle, all my food allergies and even my histamine intolerance are gone, I can eat everything again, not a single reaction. As if I had never had food allergies before. I am euphoric. It is a small stage victory and a good sign indeed.” (Link expired)

* "I really think it helped my histamine problem at least 70%. I couldn't tolerate histamines without getting really tired and depressed. When my hookworms kicked in at the 9 week mark I was able to tolerate bone and meat broth." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/534417849947508/]

* "In the past I had serious problems with histamine and salicylates… Since hosting a bunch of hookworms I was able to gradually reintroduce all foods that previously made me sick." (Link expired)

* “Last night I celebrated New year's Eve with a glass of champagne! After almost a year of hosting hw for salicylate & Histamine intolerance I'm finally able to eat almost anything. Thanks to everyone here & hope you all have a wonderful 2015, I know I will!“ [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/767179966671294/]

=== Hives / Urticaria ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Urticaria (Hives) | '''Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Urticaria (Hives)''']]

=== Hot flashes (hot flushes) ===

* “Hot flashes have decreased somewhat in the past 4 years (while hosting hookworms), but not a huge change. However on my blood tests, very wonky hormones are now in normal or ‘optimum’ range, including thyroid panel. My doctor was impressed, at least.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2138594556196488/?comment_id=2139008426155101&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

=== Hyperactivity ===

* "The allergist is blown away with the improvements in hyperactivity..." (Reported in a private discussion, Dec 2011)

=== Hypertension / high blood pressure ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Blood pressure-related disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions: Blood pressure-related disorders''']]

=== Hyperthyroidism / overactive thyroid ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease | '''Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease''']]

=== Hypochlorhydria / low stomach acid ===

* “I used to take ox bile and high doses of vitamin C (to supplement on acid), not needed anymore since NA.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3820038631385397/?comment_id=3820130068042920]

=== Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycaemia ===

* "I've had the Hypoglycaemia since I was a child… My blood sugar would drop down to levels where I almost blacked out… Now I can get up at 7-8 in the morning and last until 10-11 in the evening, which would be impossible before… I'm not as hungry all the time (or constantly craving sweets) and the 'flushing' sensation with the following wave of heat and warmth which I sometimes got after a hearty meal is also gone." (Link expired)

=== Hypothyroidism / underactive thyroid ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease | '''Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease''']]

=== IgA nephropathy ===
Also see [[#Autoimmune_kidney_disease|Autoimmune kidney disease]] and [[#Kidney_pathology|Kidney pathology]]

See [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | '''Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases: IgA nephropathy (IgAN)''']]

=== Inflammation ===

* “Three weeks post my second hookworm dose … not only have my food intolerances significantly declined, but so has the inflammation around the replacement knuckle I had 18 months ago. (I seem to have some degeneration of the finger joints but am told it is not arthritis.) Until now I have not been able to take up playing the keyboard again, now I can. I could not use the hand without it swelling and being painful - now I can.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/740770115978946/]

=== Insect bite reactions ===

* "I can attest that using NA pretty much solved my problem with reacting to mosquitos. I used to get welts for days if I was outside for 5 mins. Now, if one happens to find me (rare now), it itches for 20 mins and is gone." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/7612682462120976/?comment_id=7697778583611363]

=== Insomnia ===

For many more reports, see [[Helminthic therapy and sleep#Long term sleep improvement | '''Long term sleep improvement''']].

* "It was quite fast. For example the first day of TSO, it was regulating my anxiety & insomnia." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4887558924633357/?comment_id=4889396131116303]

* “Two months ago I could not sleep without giving me a dose of salbutamol, and that only for three hours of sleep. It was hell. I thus spent the last two years. I was so worried and so resorted to HT. Now I wake up with the alarm again!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/316642988391663/?comment_id=840982189291071&offset=0&total_comments=23&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

* “I have given sleeping tablets up after only 4 doses of NA (hw) after 30 years of needing them nightly.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2386215031434438/?comment_id=2386247241431217]

=== Interstitial cystitis (IC) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Interstitial cystitis (IC) | '''Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Interstitial cystitis (IC)''']]

=== Interstitial lung disease (ILD) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Interstitial lung disease (ILD) | '''Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease: Interstitial lung disease (ILD)''']]

=== Irritability ===

* "Since going on hookworms a year and a half ago, the irritability (and also the restless leg syndrome) have gone away." (Link expired)

=== Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | '''Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)''']]

=== Keratosis pilaris ===

* “Keritosis pilaris almost gone, something I've only been able to improve before by eating liver every day. My skin hasn't been problematic aside from the keritosis pilaris near my elbows, but it now seems softer and smoother in general. (Reported 18 weeks after inoculating with 5 NA and then adding 10-12 more at 12 weeks.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1079127865476501/]

=== Kidney pathology ===
Also see [[#Autoimmune_kidney_disease|'''Autoimmune kidney disease''']] and [[#IgA_nephropathy|'''IgA nephropathy''']]

See [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Kidney pathology | '''Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases: Kidney pathology''']]

=== Labyrinthitis ===

* "I had labyrinthitis. NA sorted that out perfectly. A lot of tinnitus and other symptoms have gone with it!" [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5352083428180902/?comment_id=5354146677974577]

=== Lactose intolerance ===
Also see [[#Food_intolerance|'''Food intolerance''']]

* "One other thing I have also noticed is a marked improvement in my lactose intolerance." (Link expired)

* “When my gut was inflamed (IBD) I could not tolerate any complex carbs, lactose sugar was very bad news, but after HT and remission of Crohn's disease I can eat complex carbs including lactose in moderation. I do not suffer from drinking milk on occasions, and or indulging in sugary desserts, eating bread, pasta, corn, rice or potatoes in moderation.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/355791157810179/?comment_id=355804637808831&offset=0&total_comments=37]

* "My husband seemed to have severe lactose intolerance. In the past, nothing helped and it was instantaneous, as in explosive diarrhea and severe within 20 minutes of ingestion. Since his leaky gut has gotten better since getting worms, he's doing a lot better, so that he can actually digest ice cream." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/355791157810179/?comment_id=356265841096044&offset=0&total_comments=37]

* "I have IBS and lactose/gluten intolerance … The symptoms were pain, bloating, diarrhea, gas. I must confess: I was very skeptical about the treatment. But by the 7th week it has been amazing! I can not explain, but I feeling my body "stronger". I took courage and began to eat certain foods (bread, corn bread, soy milk, beans, sweet bread topped with condensed milk) and didn’t get sick. This was impossible until last week!! And, to further test, I ate a sandwich at Subway. Unbelievable! After years, I ate a sandwich and didn’t get sick. Extremely happy with my hookworm fellows! This is simply a new condition for me. That never happened before (in 14 years): to be diet free and healthy, without any medication. I don’t know if this improvement is temporary and how long it will last ... But I'm enjoying every second of it!" [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/405798956142732/]

* "I have had food intolerances/allergies for years due to crohn's and general poor gut/digestive function. I've always reacted to many foods and seriously to all grains, in any form, as well as anything with lactose or sugar. My gut has been greatly improved by helminthic therapy and my diet has expended, so I thought it was time to check for food sensitivities... I tested for sensitivity (the blood test measured IgG antibody, food antigens) to grains, legumes, nuts, meat, fowl, dairy, fruits, vegetables, fish, Mollusk, Crustacea, Miscellaneous items such as honey, chocolate, coffee, and yeasts. Out of the 100 items tested I showed a single "moderate level 3 reaction" on a scale from I to 6." (Reported to the Facebook Helminthic Therapy Support Group, Jul 2012)

=== “Leaky gut” ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and leaky gut syndrome | '''Helminthic therapy and leaky gut syndrome''']].

===Lichen planus===

See [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Lichen planus | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Lichen planus''']]

=== Lichen sclerosus ===

* "My Lichen sclerosus is, for all intents and purposes, GONE! NO ITCHING, NO BURNING! Skin appears to be normalizing! WOW! I can't wait to see what happens when I take my second dose! If one dose has done this much, I'd think I have a lot to look forward to!!!" (A user of NA, link expired)

* ☹️ "Unfortunately NA had no effect for me for LS." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6492045087518058?comment_id=6492508820805018&reply_comment_id=6494843240571576]

* ☹️ "NA has also not worked for me in this respect." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6492045087518058/?comment_id=6492508820805018&reply_comment_id=6500291183360115]

=== Long Covid ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and COVID-19#Helminthic therapy and Long COVID | '''Helminthic therapy and Long COVID''']].

<span id="Lupus"></span>

=== Lupus / systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and lupus | '''Helminthic therapy and lupus''']].

=== Lyme disease ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and Lyme disease | '''Helminthic therapy and Lyme disease''']].

=== Lymphocytic colitis ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Microscopic colitis | '''Microscopic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Pancolitis | '''Pancolitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative colitis | '''Ulcerative colitis''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative proctitis | '''Ulcerative proctitis''']].

* “I struggled for over 8 years with autoimmune disease, coeliacs, lymphocytic colitis and gastritis. Progressively my immune system decided food was the enemy. I began having allergic reactions to foods I’d eaten all my life. In a short period of time, my health became so chronic I hit rock bottom. The physical, emotional and financial cost has been huge. Finding an integrative GP was the game changer for me. Helminthic therapy was recommended. Initially, as expected, my immune system was not happy about sharing my gut. Starting with just 2 HDC, after almost 5 months we’re up to 10! Helminthic therapy has brought healing, happiness and joy back into my life. I’ve re-introduced foods back into my diet, gently. I no longer experience pain, bloating, belching or diarrhoea every time I eat. Only 2 of the last 140 days with any symptoms. I enjoy eating now. Bliss.” (Reported in a message submitted to the wiki.)

* “I had an accidental brush with gluten on the weekend just passed. For the first time in almost 10 years I had no immediate reaction; moreover no dread of being ill for the next few weeks and then some. Now that’s a hugely triumphant moment for me. So very happy with my life, feeling blessed. I am diagnosed Coeliac. I’ve also had lymphocytic colitis and gastritis over the past 5 years, all confirmed through biopsy by my gastroenterologist. Helminthic therapy was recommended to me after my last bout of gastritis after all other avenues had been thoroughly exhausted. I started with just 2 HDC, and now (at 7 months) I take 10 HDCs fortnightly.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2745763175479620/]

* “I have LC, so I know how miserable it is, and I wanted to share that TSO and LDN changed my life. I now eat a completely normal diet, except for eggs, but, if I accidentally eat something with egg, I now bounce back super fast.” (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3658649560857639/?comment_id=3658744304181498&reply_comment_id=3659307824125146 this post].)

=== Malnutrition ===

* “Got my blood test results today, I am no longer malnourished! Before helminthic therapy, I tried almost every supplement under the sun to fix my nutritional deficiencies. First time in about 6 years, my alkaline phosphatase levels are back to normal! This is a HUGE improvement for me because, with time, I would develop a number of conditions due to a long list of deficiencies. I'm treating dysbiosis (chronic infection).” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1000449266677695/]

=== ME/CFS (Myalgic encephalomyelitis / Chronic fatigue syndrome)===
(M.E./CFS / Myalgic encephalitis / Chronic Fatigue and Immune Deficiency Syndrome (CFIDS) / Post-viral Fatigue Syndrome (PVFS))<br>

See [[Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS | '''Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS''']].

Also see [[#Fatigue|'''Fatigue''']].

The first two reports are more detailed than the quotes that follow them.

:* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210620011543/http://colonyofme.com/escaping-autoimmune-hell-helminthic-microbiome-immune-support/ Escaping Autoimmune Hell with Helminthic & Microbiome Immune Support] (Migraine, CFS/M.E.) (Web archive copy)

:* [[Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohn’s disease | '''Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohn’s disease''']]

* "Personally any CFS I had is gone (although I still don't fair too well after spending a day in some office buildings with poor air quality)." (Reported in a private discussion, Apr 2012)

* “Before I got hookworms, I was in a VERY bad way! I could only spend the briefest of periods out of my bed or chair… My basic needs were attended to by visiting carers, but just interacting on a minimal level with these invariably very cheery folk would leave me exhausted! After many years of living like this, I adopted a team of hookworms in early 2009 and, in a matter of weeks, was feeling energised to an extent that I’d assumed I’d never experience again. I still get some brain fog if I’m tired, and rely on a good night’s sleep to ensure optimum cognition. But, thanks to the worms, I no longer need to take a rest during the day, and I can now enjoy gardening, and even paint a fence, when required. I can also do exercises and use a spin bike to keep my ageing frame mobile. And, although officially retired, I’m working again, part-time. I doubt I’d get very far if I tried to run a marathon, but I can now do everything I want to do, and that’s all that matters, so far as I'm concerned.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/741771742545450/?comment_id=742211235834834&offset=0&total_comments=51]

* ☹️ “I have had some minor and curious improvements to my health, but no improvements in my major symptoms, including my ME/CFS. Although, I must admit, my gut function is greatly improved. I used to have constant discomfort and pain there. Now, almost never.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/911465048909451/?comment_id=932832606772695&reply_comment_id=933421280047161&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R9%22%7D]

The following two posts are by the same person.

:* “At 10 weeks post inoculation with 5 NA for CFS/ME and chronic migraine, in the past two days I suddenly have many times more energy than usual for winter. Vastly more. Last winter a weekly trip to the grocery store would wipe me out to the point of being able to do NOTHING (no work, no housework, no cooking, nothing but resting) the entire rest of the week and I struggled to stay awake past 7 pm no matter how much I rested during the day. Yesterday, I cleaned the kitchen, batch cooked for half of the day, vacuumed, changed the bed linens and stayed up until 10 pm. Today I'm mopping, cleaning the bathrooms, doing laundry and cooking a bit more. This energy is in addition to the early improvements I've had in brain fog, joint pain, plantar fasciitis and increased tolerance to high FODMAP foods.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1040952539294034/]

:* “18 week update, treating for CFS/ME, chronic migraine, suspected RA. 5 NA, then 10-12 more at 12 weeks. My typical state pre-NA was 4-8 migraines per month and energy so low that I counted any day where I managed to cook food for dinner (with the rest of the day spent in bed or on the couch) as a good day. I had a step change improvement in energy at week 10, then a new surge of energy the last two days. In two days, I've cooked for hours, cleaned most of the house, done laundry and done a bit of spring pruning in the garden. A few minutes after I finished vacuuming this morning, my partner came up to the bedroom see me, expecting to find me in bed. Instead he found me outside on the deck with watercolours. My main concern today is not overdoing it to the point where I crash out for a week. I keep having to make myself sit down to rest as I have the energy to keep going. An unusual feeling for me. Also of note, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere and typically my worst time of year for energy. Brain fog is no longer a daily problem. Greatly improved tolerance for high fructan foods.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1079127865476501/] [http://colonyofme.com/escaping-autoimmune-hell-helminthic-microbiome-immune-support/] [http://forums.phoenixrising.me/index.php?threads/incredible-improvements-with-helminthic-therapy.48955/]

* ☹️ “I have ME and helminthic therapy did not help my general symptoms. It only removed my specific allergic reactions (so now I can have a cat and don't mind the pollen season). Nothing else (no side effects either).” (Link expired.)

* “Two and a half years ago, one of our 12 y/o twins acquired a virus that left her with debilitating post viral complications. She was diagnosed with POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome) and CFS (chronic fatigue). This was one very sick kid. She spent several months bed/couch ridden. Could barely walk from couch to toilet. Struggled to dress and wash herself. Her brain fog was so severe she quite literally could not do the sum 1+1, and any mental activity would result in her becoming teary with frustration and hopelessness. She was clinically depressed and completely socially withdrawn, and missed 12 months of school. Approx 5 months into her illness I inoculated her with approx 10 NA… It was about 2-3 months after this inoculation that she finally started to climb the long hill out of her illness… While she had a rocky year last year, missing a full term and several weeks here and there when she had flares or was unlucky enough to catch a virus, she gradually did make the climb out of the ditch. Today she is a powerhouse. She rises early with her sister 6am! to ride her bike to school (14kms!!) a few mornings a week, and takes an evening taekwando class…” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1274557485933537/]

* “I have both fibromyalgia and CFS/ME and was first inoculated just over 2 years ago. I have found improvement, especially since it has helped with inflammation. It is not a cure for me but I have been able to slowly go off medications, get less infections, have less flare days, and recover quicker than I use to. For me 5HWs is a dose where I obtain the most benefit with the fewest side effects.” (Link expired)

* “My wife watched me use the helminths for my Crohn's and soon jumped on board for her CFS and allergies. She is a friggin energizer bunny now. Some days, I regret turning her onto the HDC! She was a fast responder. Her allergies went away in about 4-6 weeks and the CFS was improving at the 8 week mark. She is hosting about 15 NA and doses 40 HDC every two weeks." (Link expired)

* “I suffer from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and it's almost a year ago since I took my first helminths (NA). By last summer my fatigue was progressing from mild to intermediate. It was getting to the point where I would struggle to leave my apartment and walk two blocks to do grocery shopping. I also had some issues relating to IBS, rhinitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis which made me suspect that there was an auto immune component to my fatigue. From what I read the helminths seemed to do well with that particular angle so I decided to give it a shot. For the first five months I made no other changes and I noticed a definite difference in energy. 11 months and 40 NA later I feel the best I have in years. Obviously I can't guarantee that it was all the worms, but I absolutely feel like the helminths played a big a part.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1677403632315585/]

* “I‘ve done many treatments to heal myself, so it’s hard to tell which was decicive, but hookworm definitely helped and continues to help. It’s the only treatment that I continue to follow.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1945012178888061/?comment_id=1945170708872208&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “I have CFS of many decades that was mild to moderate but had got bad in the last few years. I started NA just over two years ago and, in the first 14 months, I got 3-4 (bad) bouts of flu followed by flares of autoimmune symptoms, all of which can be a sign for people with CFS that they are recovering. Now, my autoimmune symptoms are in remission and my CFS is much improved. My food intolerances are miles better, and my baseline heath is hugely better than prior to starting NA.” (Edited from three posts: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2986117701444165/?comment_id=2987228881333047&reply_comment_id=2990567960999139] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/3741291362593458/?comment_id=4081939218528669&reply_comment_id=4084649094924348] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/3741291362593458/?comment_id=4081939218528669&reply_comment_id=4084649094924348]) 

* "Initially it was very hard going with additional fatigue, could hardly stay awake for the first 12 weeks or so. But after about 6 months, I noticed my energy levels improving and my food intolerances have also improved. My autonomic symptoms, e.g., poor body temperature regulation, have also improved a bit but probably not as much as the other symptoms. Brain fog depends a lot on food intolerance reactions and how well I sleep... It's really been worth it. Just as an example, for years I couldn't walk up any more than 5 stairs, now I can do well over 20 with no problem... I started with 5NA (but now) don't inoculate any more than 3NA at a time." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5143705719018675?comment_id=5144208765635037]

* "It’s still early days for me but since starting low doses of TSO in Late March I definitely feel like I have noticeably more energy. For example, before I started HT if I got over 2000 steps in a day I would always crash for a few days. Now, though, I regularly get between 2300-2500 steps with few problems. That sounds like a small gain but for me it’s big. Also, my sleep and mood are better, my stomach is more settled, and I can eat a few more foods that I couldn’t before. And when I overdo it the PEM (post-exertional malaise) is not as severe. I still have a very long way to go but I’m more hopeful with this treatment than I have been in years." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5143705719018675/?comment_id=5144852775570636]

: And a six month update.

:* I have noticed a mild reduction in all ME/CFS symptoms including sensitivity to light and sounds. The main thing I’ve noticed is that when I do crash I now bounce back to my baseline noticeably faster. I take TSO and NA. My colonies are still fairly small as I’m moving very slowly with this therapy as per the wiki advice for people with ME/CFS. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5693579460697962/?comment_id=5694577020598206] 

* "I’ve had ME/CFS for 30+ years and was in a particularly bad patch for the last 4½ years. Couch bound, noise sensitivity, balance issues, headaches that easily tipped over to migraines on a daily basis and debilitating fatigue. I had my first dose of 3 NA around Christmas last year, and that first month was jolly hard work. I wish I'd put meals in the freezer and set things up so I could just deal with existing. Putting things in place so I could get through each day in the easiest way possible… My symptoms worsened and I struggled to do anything. This lasted for a month and then my energy levels began increasing little by little each day. I applied another 3 NA after 3 months and again my symptoms worsened. I also noticed that I caught whatever was going around. This was again for the first month after treatment, then I again went from strength to strength each day. I've had another dose of 3 NA at the 3 month mark and the same pattern has happened again, I get worse and then I get better. Thankfully with each dose I am finding that my overall health is improving - an upward trajectory. The gains I get in the 2 good months are moving me forward and I'm now beginning to gently re-join the world. I can meet friends for social gatherings and cope with the noise and the interaction. I can be active through the day and not pay the price for it afterwards and for days following." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5258273134228599?comment_id=5258492314206681&reply_comment_id=5259717450750834]

* "I have been using helminthic therapy for the past year to treat Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Initially, I used 3 NA every 12 weeks for 3 doses, and derived significant benefit from this. However the flu-like side effects following each dose were substantial - a sore throat, sore muscles and fatigue. The worst of these would last, reliably, for a week after each inoculation, with lesser, although still significant, symptoms continuing for another 2 months. After discussing my situation with someone experienced in HT, I decided to try using TSO, which I started 4 months ago. The doses I am using currently are 0.4ml drawn from a 15ml bottle containing 2500 ova, and dosing at 4 day intervals. This regime has worked very well for me, and the side effects from the TSO have been much more manageable than with NA. Since beginning HT, I have had significant benefits. I have far greater exercise tolerance and my cognitive function and mood have both also improved, although these improvements do require continued careful dosing to maintain. I still have to be careful to avoid excessive stressors, but I am the healthiest I have been since I was first diagnosed at the age of 15 (I'm now 27) and I have improved to such an extent as to be able to resume full time study towards my degree." (Edited from three posts: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5861198820602691/], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5861198820602691/?comment_id=5861331507256089&reply_comment_id=5862916413764265], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5861198820602691/?comment_id=5862143060508267&reply_comment_id=5863293490393224].)

* "I’m in full remission from my pretty severe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-exertional_malaise post-exertional malaise] by hosting 3 tiny human hookworms… for me, it worked on long covid… after less than two months of hosting, I am essentially cured… also my FODMAP intolerance seems mostly fixed, and I had that for years… My CFS recovery is kind of continuing. I've been getting better over the past month which is month two for me. I've been a very strong responder. I essentially knew it was going to work since I experienced 95 to 100% recovery during the "bounce" period around day 10… It was nuts, I was actually running around… I was just able to go on a 4 day sailing trip on my boat and I actually started crying from happiness near the end at realizing I seem to have most of my life back. We even climbed a small mountain and while I was very tired and went slowly, I did not get sick after!" (Edited from several comments in the same Reddit thread. [https://www.reddit.com/r/covidlonghaulers/comments/13xq6oz/this_will_probably_get_deleted_but_i_just_wanted/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=android_app&utm_name=androidcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=2]

=== Memory loss ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Memory disorders | '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Memory disorders''']]

=== Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and Ménière's disease | '''Helminthic therapy and Ménière's disease''']].

=== Menstruation, irregular ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation | '''Helminthic therapy and women's health''']]

=== Menstruation, painful (Dysmenorrhoea / dysmenorrhea) ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation | '''Helminthic therapy and women's health''']]

=== Microscopic colitis ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lymphocytic colitis | '''Lymphocytic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Pancolitis | '''Pancolitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative colitis | '''Ulcerative colitis''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative proctitis | '''Ulcerative proctitis''']].

* “I finished a course of TSO (4 months ago). I had been in remission at the time, but to me it wasn't a true remission as I had to be very careful with diet and couldn't eat much fiber (fruit, vegetables) or gluten and eggs. It worked like a charm and since then (6 months) I've been able to eat donuts, cake, beer, etc. with zero issues. I did notice I still seemed to be a little sensitive to egg and was avoiding them by themselves (in baked goods they didn't bother me). I am frankly just so overjoyed to be able to have raw fruits and vegetables, baked goods, beer again... anything else is just gravy. So grateful for HT as I never thought I'd be able to indulge in a craft beer again.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2086465811409363/] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2086465811409363/?comment_id=2086570641398880&reply_comment_id=2086582948064316&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

=== Migraine ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Migraine and headaches | '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Migraine and headaches''']]

=== Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases''']]

=== Mold (mould) illness / sensitivity ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and mold illness | '''Helminthic therapy and mold illness''']].

* “Thanks to helminthic therapy, she can cope much better now with mold.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/402111096511518/?comment_id=403432993045995&offset=0&total_comments=23]

* “I was poisoned by the floxie antibiotics. That is why I started Helminthic. My fungal issues are still with me but I am so much better.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/402111096511518/?comment_id=1658157664240182&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* "I have CIRS from mould illness, MCAS and histamine Intolerance, although, when I began HT, I wasn’t aware of these diagnoses. I must say HT has been a lifesaver for me, and I found NA and TSO extremely helpful with mould symptoms; HDC, not so much. I started with 8 NA in 2019 and felt positive effects within the first three months. When I started TSO, I had a sophisticated colony of NA on board already. Zero side effects to a full course of TSO. The effects of both species on board were absolutely fantastic. I couldn’t afford to take TSO after that, unfortunately, and so benefits declined rapidly after finishing the last dose. Through this period, I was living with mould. Hence, I am confident that HT has helped me a great deal with the symptoms of mould illness." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5665304660192109?comment_id=5667245379998037 this post].)

* "I have recently started my helminth therapy about 4 months ago with outstanding results! I was treating mold reactions, asthma, food allergies, and MCS. I am so much better with all but the MCS. I've been able to dig in my garden without a mold reaction or a very tiny one. This is all with just one treatment of 3 NAs." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/3383888028333795?comment_id=5796753870380520]

=== Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever ===

"A young friend of my son's has had 2 years of fatigue post glandular fever. Would become unwell if he pushed himself at all. One dose of 5 NA and within 2 months is 90 percent back to his old energetic self." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4705875772801674?comment_id=4706132432776008] 

=== Mouth ulcers ===
* “Mouth ulcers - they happened frequently and were severe, now it barely ever happens.” (Link expired)

=== Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) | '''Helminthic therapy and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)''']]

=== Multiple sclerosis (MS) ===
See [[Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS) | '''Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)''']]

=== Myasthenia gravis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders#Myasthenia gravis | '''Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders: Myasthenia gravis''']]

=== Myodesopsia (floaters) ===
(Also known as myodaeopsia, myiodeopsia and myiodesopsia.)

* "Right now (at about 22 weeks since my first dose of NA) I have about a 75% reduction in distinct dark dots. There are still quite a few faint ones but its a huge reduction that had been increasing for the 5 yrs previous to NA." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1491534154235868/]

=== Myopia ===

* “I'm at week 14 (2 inoculations of 40 HW) and i noticed today that i can read my clock from across the room. 2 months ago i could not have done that without glasses.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/854883214567635/]

=== Narcolepsy ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and narcolepsy | '''Helminthic therapy and narcolepsy''']]<br>
* "I don't have MS but narcolepsy, which is actually pretty similar, autoimmune reaction to brain, and have found a lot of relief with the paleo diet combined with (hook)worms. I used to have to take amphetamines so stay conscious, now I no longer need them, although I do still take medicine at night to improve my sleep cycles." (Reported in a private discussion, Mar 2012)

=== Nasal congestion ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis#Nasal congestion | '''Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis: nasal congestion''']]

=== Nasal polyps ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis#Nasal polyps | '''Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis: nasal polyps''']]

=== Night terror (sleep terror) ===
See [[Helminthic therapy and sleep#Night terrors | '''Helminthic therapy and sleep: night terrors''']].

=== Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and coeliac / celiac disease|'''Helminthic therapy and coeliac / celiac disease''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Gluten ataxia|'''Gluten ataxia''']]

* “A few weeks ago, I (nervously) tried bread and ice cream: no reaction! I have since been eating wheat and dairy products regularly, with no problems… This therapy has profoundly improved my life.” (Link expired)

* “He used to break out in eczema if he had gluten more than 2 days in a row and now he can eat it every day.” (Link expired)

* "… for the first time in years, he was able to eat bread without feeling ill." (Link expired)

* “I don't have celiac but HW is reducing my gluten sensitivity.” (Link expired)

* "I started Helminth therapy last November. I think my numbers are at 150. I am happy to say that my allergies are mostly gone. I am eating corn and gluten again. Amazing." (Link expired)

* “Helminths have helped me with my gluten intolerance. I have had some transgressions with gluten recently and not had the terrible sleepiness and brain fog I normally get.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/544570138932279/?comment_id=546531245402835&offset=0&total_comments=44]

* "Helped me eat gluten whenever I want worry free as well. I used to get serious headaches.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/868369199885703/?comment_id=868413366547953&offset=0&total_comments=3&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D]

* “18 month update. After hitting the one year mark with no improvement I was starting to get discouraged… Finally, a couple weeks ago, everything changed. I was able to eat regular foods again. I did a gluten challenge... I did get symptoms, but nowhere as bad as before starting the treatment…” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1035915279797760/]

* “I had severe food intolerances to Gluten and Dairy and I now eat anything and everything with no trouble at all. It took me about 6 months and 100 HW before I was able to introduce gluten without a bad reaction.” (Posted to a Closed group, Jun 2016)

* ☹️ “I have been hosting NA for two and a half years (but) I am gluten sensitive yet. I feel much better but I still have issues with gluten.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1346596455396306/] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1346596455396306/?comment_id=1347073685348583&reply_comment_id=1347397008649584&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “The only difference NA has made to my overall health is to 100% treat my gluten intolerance...” (From someone with fibromyalgia.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1262542997134986/?comment_id=1553031971419419&reply_comment_id=1553240934731856&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R9%22%7D]

* “The things that I wanted to get some positive result with was the fatigue and the pain associated almost certainly with gluten. The fatigue has been almost completely addressed. I still get tired but don’t get that knocked out sensation. The gluten tolerance is now much improved. If I do have too much, I can still get uncomfortable bloating etc but nothing like the pain previously, and can often get away with no pain at all. I am still careful but don’t have to be so rigid with excluding it.” (Reported at 9 months, after 3 doses of 5-7 NA at 3 month intervals.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2575977019124904/]

* “So I’m a little over a year into NA treatment. Last night I had dinner with a friend who is not familiar with my gluten allergy. And I decided to eat a full meal with no dietary restrictions (including flour). I did great! No noticeable symptoms until 12 hours later. I woke up with some moderate arthritic pain in my hands, and a mild headache. 16-18 hours later I had some mild GI discomfort. About 2-3 pounds of inflammation, so that was significantly decreased also. No staying in bed for 24 hours due to severe and debilitating pain. Although this isn’t going to become the norm at this point, it was incredibly freeing. I almost felt normal. I almost felt well. I did not truly believe that this would ever be possible.” (Link expired)

* “I have (had) Crohn’s and used to fear gluten for my life. I still feel like trash if I eat a diet of primarily carbs but I don’t fear gluten anymore and eat it occasionally. For the last 7 years now. It’s been great eating a donut every once in a while.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3818185338237393?comment_id=3821668694555724]

The following three reports are by the same individual.
:* “I’m in month 14 and have inoculated so far with 5/3/5/7 NA, and (finally!!) I see some real improvements when I eat gluten. I digest it much better now.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2726061500783121?comment_id=3922843074438285]
:* (At 18 months.) “I AM EATING GLUTEN! Yes, capital letters today. In the past two weeks I think I have achieved a milestone. For the first time I have had consistent success with digesting gluten and other things on a frequent basis. I have been testing it out daily and had my fair share of pastries, cookies and pasta (forgive me, I haven't had that in what feels like an eternity!). I can most definitely say that the worms have changed my digestion (and IBS-D) and have increased my tolerance to allergens significantly.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/2726061500783121?comment_id=4327263047329617]
:* (At 3 years.) "I've been to Italy and have been eating gluten and all sorts of other things. No adverse reactions. I'm feeling absolutely great. I've been (very) gradually working my way up and now ordered 10 NA. I'm absolutely thrilled still. My digestion has changed completely, I couldn't be happier where I am now." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/2726061500783121?comment_id=5672582842797624]

* “I started with 5 NA… It was about 9-10 months before I was sure of positive results. Probably the best health care investment I could have made. No more gluten intolerance! Better energy, mood, etc.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4114243931964864/?comment_id=4122630134459577&notif_id=1628341306998476&ref=notif&notif_t=group_comment_follow]

* "I have non-celiac gluten sensitivity dx via a wheat zoomer from Vibrant America (though I do have genetic markers for celiac) that causes joint pain, constipation, and eczema (along with chronic EBV, lymes, hashimotos, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD/NASH). I introduced a puny 3 NA in September and ate so much gluten over the holidays and didn't have increase in joint pain, constipation, or eczema." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6839806062741957?comment_id=6925787744143788]

* "My wife is basically healthy. But she doesn't eat gluten because it generates a little bit of inflammation and mostly because she gets somewhat depressed when she eats anything with even a small amount of gluten. Seeing all the good TSO did for me with UC (Ulcerative colitis - more than 2 years symptom free) she began taking around 500 ova every 2 weeks for maintaining her general health. She began just 3 months ago. Last week she went on a nature trail / kayaking vacation with a group of 12 people. She had asked for no gluten meals but somehow that was not done. So she spent 7 days eating gluten every day. It had no negative impact at all. No inflammation, no depression feeling during or after the trip. Nothing. We believe this to due to TSO. It is the only thing that has changed in her lifestyle. For at least 10 years she always reacted to the slightest amount of gluten. Just not this time around. This will make traveling much more easy of course!" [https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid06V3ii9g5vT7mH1s5RQsQotWSggJgDikphGDKP4TvDdyZDb6ez2RsCHu7VBP4AdQ2l&id=100006887117779]

* "Following a few months off the NA, I took another dose about 2 months ago to treat gluten intolerance. I've been eating gluten filled noodles and had two slices of bread the other day with minimal to no reactions. It's been day and night of a difference." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/7489879411067949/ this thread].)

=== Osteoarthritis (OA) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and osteoarthritis | '''Helminthic therapy and osteoarthritis''']]

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | '''Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)''']] and [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) | '''Helminthic therapy and arthritis: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)''']].

=== Palpitations ===

* “Before I started helminth therapy my heart would flutter a lot and I had irregular heart beat. It got where I could feel it all the time. It hasn't happened since.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1129400567115897/?comment_id=1130814773641143&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D]

=== Pancolitis ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Microscopic colitis | '''Microscopic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lymphocytic colitis | '''Lymphocytic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative colitis | '''Ulcerative colitis''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative proctitis | '''Ulcerative proctitis''']].

* “I just got word after the last colonoscopy that my pancolitis is fully disappeared. After nearly a decade of failed treatments, I am fine thanks to a course of TTO. Took about 3 months for remission.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2037920129597265/] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2037920129597265/?comment_id=2039808636075081&reply_comment_id=2040019929387285&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%2315%22%7D]

* “I was 19 years old when diagnosed with pancolitis. I have tried everything with minimal if any relief from my symptoms. I'm 6 weeks in hosting human hookworm (NA) and I can't tell you how much i wish I had done this sooner.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1852446168144663/?comment_id=1853108804745066&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* These two posts are about the same boy:
**“My son has pancolitis and we are 7 months into helminth therapy. We have had a very smooth journey on TTO with really no side effects or worsening of symptoms. My only regret is that we didn’t start sooner.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1852446168144663/?comment_id=1854858797903400&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]
**“My boy is going really well. We have just hit 12 months on TTO. His blood results are all very good, best they have ever been, and he is growing consistently for the first time in years. He is able to go to school and has a part time job, he just turned 15.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1852446168144663/?comment_id=1854858797903400&reply_comment_id=2055318647857413&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R5%22%7D]

* "I’m 23 years old with severe ulcerative pancolitis. 5th time of dosing with NA, and I’ve never felt this good in all the years i have had this disease. Its like I don’t even have colitis anymore. 10/10 feel great. Currently no adverse symptoms except for diarrhea/inflammation for the first 2 weeks after inoculation." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/7679276818794873/ this post].)

=== PANDAS / PANS ===
(Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections / Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome)

* "We are almost six months past his initial inoculation (with NA). His PANDAS is pretty much completely gone, his sensory issues are back to what they were pre-PANDAS. He is dramatically improved. This is all way beyond our wildest dreams, since we had no idea these results could happen and were trying to address his allergic rhinitis and chronic ear infections with the treatment." (Reported in a private discussion, Apr 2012)

* "I can't believe it's been almost a year since we got inoculated with hookworm… It's amazing to see my son run up to school from the end of the block on his own when at the beginning of the school year, he was almost paralyzed by panic attacks from PANDAS, a disease for which there is basically no treatment or cure aside from antibiotic administration until adulthood." (Reported in a private discussion, Jun 2012)

* "Our son, who is 10 and has Autism as well as PANDAS, was our first child to go on TSO and he has benefited greatly from it. It is also helping quite a lot with his allergies. (High Histamines = raging BAD mood for him.) His bloodwork results have been coming back close to normal where they'd not ever been close to normal in the past. Similar with our daughter, who is almost 13 and who began TSO in January 2013. She has had PANDAS and OCD for 9-10 years, since she was a toddler, but with the addition of TSO to her regimen, she lost her OCD overnight in January and it's not returned, though she says she can feel a little "buzzing" when it's time for more TSO, and that means the benefit is starting to wane. She was doing well enough in April to take a break from IVIG, at which point her bloodwork began coming in normal. She continues TSO every 2 weeks and is now happy and stable." (Link expired)

* “5 months without a PANDAS flare up!! Thank you helminths!! My ASD & PANDAS daughter was having horrible anxiety, involuntary movements, some really scary tongue and breathing tics and, before she got her 45 Necator Americanus helminths, she was having flares every month. I was so desperate to stop the suffering and I only regret not doing it two years ago when I first heard of helminthic therapy and thought it was just crazy. There was a dramatic worsening of tics the first few weeks. At times it seemed like she was for sure starting a new flare but the symptoms would only last for minutes or a couple hours, and there has been a complete resolution of PANDAS flare ups now. I had tried TSO before the NA and I was amazed at the immediate improvements but I just couldn't afford to pay $400 a month for the TSO. The majority of research that I found on helminths for autoimmune conditions is for NA, and the cost is better since they live 3+ years.” (Edited from several posts in this thread: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1068326963223258/])

* These two posts are about the same child:
**“My son was very very sick when we started HDC worms. We have been on them every two weeks for over a year... Worms have changed my kids life drastically. He was on 3 antibiotics to treat his PANDAS before. He was always up and down and under weight. He gained over 5 inches in 7 months on the worms. Is 30 percentile in weight and 20 percentile now in height. This is a kid that never even made the charts.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1181463555242931/]
**“We do HDC for over a year for my PANDAS autism kid. Best thing we have ever done. He was on 3 antibiotics and still having flares before we started. He is 12 and for the first time since 4 off all antibiotics and no flares for this entire year. Ocds, tics and anxiety so much better. Using more language. Trying so many new things. Went from dangerously underweight to 30 percentile. Grew over 6 inches in one year. Overall healthier. Best thing we could have ever done. He is just so easy going and that is not what anyone would have said about him before.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1187124991343454/]

* "Good news re: my PANS / PANDAS child (age 9) - his obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) decreased by 95% practically overnight, following his 4th dose of 2,500 TSO. It has lasted for 2 days now, where he no longer cares where things are placed/ordered around our home. Previously, if one thing was "out of place" he would grow very agitated and angry until it was back the way he needed it to be. We started him on a half dose (1,200) of TSO at the beginning of October with 2,500 TSO every two weeks after. He would temporarily get worse after each dose, but it was worth it. His appetite has also improved lately. Best thing I have heard all year - 'Mama, I'm so happy I don't care where things go any more.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1494227933966490/] And an update, two years later... “He’s still doing well. The severe OCD, constant crankiness and rages never returned. He does backslide a bit during pollen season where we live - a touch of OCD, some anger and crying over little things. As soon as he's done crying, he's himself. This happens a few times a week during pollen season. So still way, way better than he was before helminths.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1469185616470722/?comment_id=2384367651619176&reply_comment_id=2385235008199107]

* “My son’s PANDAS was essentially cured in six weeks after inoculation with NA. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1469185616470722/?comment_id=2389019767820631] He was five years old. He had intense separation anxiety, palilalia, verbal tics, obsessive destructive tendencies taking things apart, chewing holes in his clothing multiple times per day, not eating, attacks of enuresis of wetting his pants uncontrollably, not being able to sleep. He couldn’t go alone into any room in our house. We had to have all the lights on 24 hours per day. He would ask me, “Mama, where are you?” hundreds of times a day when I had not moved. He could only sleep lying on top of my body. This was on amoxicillin for five straight months. Off of it, he was worse. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1469185616470722/?comment_id=2389019767820631&reply_comment_id=2389075397815068] My son still gets a spike in anxiety when exposed to strep but he is essentially cured. He was treated eight years ago. We reinoculated multiple times but he has not had an inoculation in four years." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1469185616470722/?comment_id=2389019767820631&reply_comment_id=2389396524449622]

* “We just started my 8yo pans daughter on HDC and within days she was so much better than she's been in months!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1068326963223258/?comment_id=1270599359662683&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “Omg, my PANDAS son is infected with strep and he's NOT in a full on flare! This is HUGE. In the past when he's been infected, I know it before the doctors do. His behaviors go off the charts, and we start thinking things like maybe he needs to go to a mental institution for treatment. This time, his behaviors have increased slightly, and I was honestly thinking that maybe the HDC wasn't effective for him and this was a sign of that. Instead, he's been fighting the infection and only slightly worsened. I am hopeful for the first time in a long time!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2641427349246537/] (Also see this [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2445510625504878/ support group thread] about the same boy.)

* “Our son is Fully recovered! the treatment actually put his Pans into remission. He has not done Flovent since last January 2019.” (Reported in October 2020.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2703388759717062/?comment_id=3287677181288214]

* “My son, who is 15, is on the autism spectrum, is gay, overweight, fatigued, depressed, and has PANDAS/POTS and OCD, along with mast cell and allergy issues. The list is long! He started using helminths to treat the PANDAS. The first dose was 5 NA in November 2019, then a second dose of 5 in May 2020. He has always struggled with being awkward and different, and had difficulty expressing what he was feeling, but I didn’t realise just how severely depressed he had become. When he told me how much he had hated himself for so long, it broke my heart. His anxiety was off the charts. He said he was suicidal. Fortunately, a month on helminths has cleared his brain. He wakes up early now, and has lost 15 lbs. It’s like night and day, like a switch turned off and his inflammation is gone, and I am so thankful for this. I wish I had given NA to him 5 years ago. He's doing so great on them. Helminths have literally saved his life.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3419265288129402/]

* “HDC (I take 10 every three weeks) have a positive impact on my mood. My case may be different from others, but... PANS is what leads to my low mood. In PANS, autoantibodies attach to dopamine and glutamate receptors in the basal ganglia, which blocks their transmission in normal amounts. I think my good mood when I take HDC is likely because it helps whatever is leading to those autoantibodies being in the wrong place (my basal ganglia receptors), so more dopamine and glutamate can reach their proper destination. Not sure if these mechanics apply to many other disorders, though.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2296657347056874/?comment_id=2334347929954482&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D] (There's more about this individual on her blog, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513003041/https://mysymbiontjourney.wordpress.com/ Old Friends].)

=== Parkinson’s disease ===
Also see [[Helminthic therapy and Parkinson's disease | '''Helminthic therapy and Parkinson's disease''']].
* “They (pig whipworms - TSO) have a brilliant effect on dyskinesia and the need for drugs. It reduces the need for levadopa considerably.” [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jtTDSP3BOo Watch the video]

=== Periodontitis (gum disease) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and oral health | '''Helminthic therapy and oral health''']].

=== Peripheral neuropathy ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Peripheral neuropathy | '''Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Peripheral neuropathy''']]

=== Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) | '''Helminthic therapy and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)''']].

=== Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) | Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)]]

=== Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | '''Helminthic therapy and women's health''']]

=== Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver | '''Helminthic therapy and the liver''']].

=== Prostatitis ===

* “In years past I’ve always noticed prostatitis is a problem for me as seasons change, particularly from Summer into Fall. Not so, this year, and perhaps this is also due to my hookworm! Why? My theory is prostatitis can be the result of seasonal allergies. In quite a few forums around the web I’ve noticed men wondering about a connection, and my experience could help to confirm it. I do hope in time hookworm will be put to use for this “off-label” condition, as I find it to be more beneficial than any other therapy I’ve tried!” [https://gettinghealthiernow.wordpress.com/2014/08/15/hookwormforprostatitis/]

=== Psoriasis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and psoriasis | '''Helminthic therapy and psoriasis''']]

=== Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) | '''Helminthic therapy and arthritis: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)''']]

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | '''Helminthic therapy and arthritis''']] and [[Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | '''Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)''']]

=== Raynaud syndrome / Raynaud's phenomenon ===

* “I have pretty nasty Raynaud's and I think they've backed mine off.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/906449846077638/?comment_id=906467652742524&offset=0&total_comments=2&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D]

* ☹️ “I’ve also got Raynaud's (but) it hasn’t helped unfortunately.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1070723766316911/] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1070723766316911/?comment_id=1381592021896749&reply_comment_id=1383972454992039&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R3%22%7D]

* “On this visit, she was asymptomatic. There was no evidence of rash or synovitis on examination. Complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and complement levels were within reference ranges.” [http://journals.lww.com/jclinrheum/Citation/2017/06000/Helminthic_Therapy__A_New_Era_in_Immune_Mediated.19.aspx] (Scroll down the page to read the Letter To The Editor.)

* ☹️ “I have not had any success with raynaud's myself.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1355145527874732/?comment_id=1380088098713808&reply_comment_id=1381008138621804&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R9%22%7D]

* “My Raynaud syndrome is almost non existent, only showing up with several minutes of exposure to extreme cold now… I can actually hold frozen foods in my bare hands for several minutes at a time, and I almost never have to wear gloves any more. I still have some problems occasionally with the skin on my hands cracking and bleeding, but it's so much better than it was.” (Edited from two posts. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1783159398406674/] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/1287365668005208/permalink/2654170037991424/])

* “My raynauds is all but gone. I was walking today in chilly wind and fingers were cold but no sign of any colour change. Plus I am not getting the whole body hypothermic feeling. I really had lost hope of the raynauds improving!” (Edited from two posts. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2883581001697836/?comment_id=2883887595000510] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2883581001697836/?comment_id=2883887595000510&reply_comment_id=2884063814982888])

=== Restless legs syndrome (RLS) ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and restless legs syndrome (RLS) | '''Helminthic therapy and restless legs syndrome (RLS)''']]

=== Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ===

See: [[Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | '''Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)''']]

=== Rhinitis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | '''Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis''']]

=== Rosacea ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions | '''Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Rosacea''']]

=== Salicylate intolerance ===
Also see [[#Food_intolerance|'''Food intolerance''']].

The first report is more detailed than the quotes that follow it.

:* [[Hookworms treat anaphylaxis and salicylate intolerance in a 5-year-old | '''Hookworms treat anaphylaxis and salicylate intolerance in a 5-year-old''']]

* "Should anyone ever wonder if hookworm (NA) can help with salicylate sensitivity, in my case I think it’s doing exactly that... Last night I tried eating a boiled carrot, since they are high in salicylates, and barely reacted. This morning I’m sipping a cup of organic coffee (also pretty high on the scale) and enjoying it. None of this would have been possible a month ago!" [http://gettinghealthiernow.wordpress.com/2012/01/02/hookworm-only-starting-over/]

* "Her reactions to salicylate were eczema and very depressive mood swings. She was always crying… It's now 7 months since we started the therapy (with NA) and we are already seeing a good reduction in her salicylate intolerance. She is eating high-salicylate foods in greater amounts, like tomato sauce, mandarins, grapes, broccoli, nectarines, tinned salmon and lemonade ice poles, with no reaction. Her stomach aches have also now gone and so has her eczema… We tried many different alternative therapies in the past… nothing has really worked until now… and people who haven't seen our daughter for a while are surprised by how different she is now." (Link expired)

* "In the past I had serious problems with histamine and salicylates… Since hosting a bunch of hookworms (NA) I was able to gradually reintroduce all foods that previously made me sick." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/542807619108531/?comment_id=544553025600657&offset=0&total_comments=3]

* “Last night I celebrated New year's Eve with a glass of champagne! After almost a year of hosting hookworms (NA) for salicylate & Histamine intolerance I'm finally able to eat almost anything. Thanks to everyone here & hope you all have a wonderful 2015, I know I will!“ [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/767179966671294/]

* “I am a long time coeliac (im 52 years old). When I hit 45 my stomach took a big dive for the worse. I ended up allergic to salicylates and an inability to digest flour except for Quinoa. Symptoms were extreme muscle soreness and extreme lethargy. Also anxiety and depression. Enter helminths (HDC). They dramatically reduced my reactions to salicylates, cured the anxiety. Didn't do so much for the carbs intolerance though. When I had been on them for a year I went off them. I deteriorated quickly. Will never go off them again. I cant live without them. I take 140 of em every 3 weeks.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1475611862494764/] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1475611862494764/?comment_id=1475697559152861&reply_comment_id=1475761375813146&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R2%22%7D]

===Sacroiliitis===

* “I have sacroiliitis and have taken NA since 2016. I have not taken anti inflammatory pharmaceuticals. Generally I can see an improvement, right now I have the flu which tends to reduce their effectiveness.” (Comment posted in April 2019) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2114280641961213/?comment_id=2114730521916225&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

===Sarcoidosis===
(Also known as Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease)

* "My nephew who is 30 and has had lumps in his neck and jaw since childhood and diagnosed with sarcoidosis in the lungs on CT scan took 4 NA. Lumps in jaw area have disappeared and neck lumps halved in size. He reports less wheezy and much more energy." (Link expired)

* "I am in remission for sarcoidosis. I was on Prednisone and was able to come off it, thank goodness. My husband now seems to recognise when I need a top up (of helminths) and then I get one and can enjoy life again. Totally recommend it for sarcoidosis." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/8410035792385635?comment_id=8421138011275413 this post].)

* "I donated NA to a gentleman with sarcoidosis. He had NA on board when he lived in Asia and found relief." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1748296558559625/?comment_id=1748470708542210&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

=== Sciatica ===
* “I had sciatica (for 27 years) and, at 7 months (post-inoculation with NA), the pain from rotating and numbness in leg ceased.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2114280641961213/?comment_id=2114803621908915&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]
::And an update, nine months later:
::“Since starting HT I have had remission of sciatic pain from movement though there still is the L3-L4 narrowing which is there for good. My previous history was a tweaked sciatic. Was bed ridden for weeks, and a month to two months for pain to subside. A week ago I tweaked the nerve as bad as I every have, leaving me unable to move (bed to upright was a 5 minute process). I took 15mg prednisone and 30mg codeine and two hrs later this only marginally relieved the pain. My initial response was to get a two week supply of the above drugs for my recovery so my expectation based on severity was a long one. At about fours hours, I was walking and getting up carefully in 10 seconds. It was like all the inflammation dropped away though still reactive to rotational factors. I did not take any more drugs and, at a week, I feel completely normal again! I cannot explain this other than helminths.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2619124714810134/]

* “The best thing I’ve found so far (8 months into using NA to treat ankylosing spondylitis) is that I haven’t had a single flair up of sciatica since I started taking helminths.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2391605270895414/?comment_id=2397347986987809]

* "I have seen 3 surgeons. All 3 said l require-a triple fusion (to treat lower back pain) and that the surgery would result in me still being in pain. Prior to NA, l frequently spent up to 21 hours a day in Zero G Position in bed. l couldn’t walk, stand or sit for excruciating pain for more than 3 hours. I Started 11 months ago with 3 NA, and micro-dosing has been the key for me. My results from NA would start wearing off at 8 weeks, so I now dose every 6 weeks, and I’m still increasing the dosage, using my lungs as my barometer. My most recent dose was 5 NA, and the next dose will be 6 NA.
:* NO more horrendous nightly asthma.
:* NO fibromyalgia pain.
:* NO more lower back pain.
:* NO inflammatory pain.
:* NO more sciatica.
:I can now go for a walk and carry shopping, and I can say yes to invitations. I feel so good I’m booking a ski trip to Switzerland and Austria." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/24514461291516495/ this post])

===Scleroderma===

See [[Helminthic therapy and scleroderma | '''Helminthic therapy and scleroderma''']]

=== Seborrhoeic dermatitis / seborrheic dermatitis ===

* “In March, I started HDC. The allergies immediately vanished. Lately the seborrheic dermatitis has been much better.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/876026072453349/]

=== Sensory hypersensitivity ===

* “I used HDC and felt all my oversensitivity to sensory stuff lowered a lot - in a matter of a few weeks. Sounds my children made, machines, noise etc stopped overwhelming me, my sense of smell and taste became a little better.” (Edited from two posts: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3791715124217748?comment_id=3791862480869679] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3791715124217748/?comment_id=3791862480869679&reply_comment_id=3791877454201515].)

=== Shingles / herpes zoster ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and viral infections | '''Helminthic therapy and viral infections''']]

* “… the person in my life who had HT had a shingles outbreak less than 3 weeks before inoculation. Two months post inoculation, the patient is doing fine with no further problems with shingles.” (Link expired)

* “Had nerve damage from shingles when I was in my 20s. Was told the nerve damage was permanent and I would alway have pain. Bothered me for years and went away after my HWs came into my life.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1220453241343962/?comment_id=1220477524674867&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

=== SIBO ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) | '''Helminthic therapy and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)''']].

The first two reports are more detailed than the quotes that follow them.
:* [[Treating SIBO and sinusitis with NA and TTO | '''Treating SIBO and sinusitis with NA and TTO''']]
:* [[Treating SIBO and metal allergy with helminthic therapy | '''Treating SIBO and metal allergy with helminthic therapy''']]

* “In my case hookworm do seem to help SIBO. I’m sitting here right now hearing healthy movement in my gut. One of the most debilitating symptoms of SIBO for me has been high blood pressure spikes and rapid pulse, plus insomnia. With hookworm on board I’m feeling much better in this regard. If anything, my BP is on the lower side of normal. My face has also cleared up, brain fog is greatly improved, and i have more energy.”

* “I have already tried antibiotics (including rifaximin and neomycin) to no avail. HT, FMT and dietary changes have been most effective so far for me. NA have greatly improved my quality of life. I can now digest/absorb GOS and fructose without any issues.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1509328469123103/?comment_id=1554719764583973&reply_comment_id=1555522701170346&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R9%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1509328469123103/?comment_id=1511116095611007&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R0%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1001536179902337/?comment_id=1001542496568372&reply_comment_id=1005809582808330&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R4%22%7D]

* “I’ve just hit the 14th week with 25 hw on board and my IBS(D) / SIBO has improved about 50 percent and it is improving every week!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1654846481237967/]

* “I've been using HDC for several months and largely I can say my SIBO is gone.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3582086288513967/?comment_id=3592712530784676]

=== Sinusitis ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | '''Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis''']]

=== Sjogren's syndrome ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Sjogren's syndrome | '''Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Sjogren's syndrome''']]

=== Sleep apnea ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy and sleep | '''Helminthic therapy and sleep''']].
* The following two reports are about the same person.
** "My sleep apnea has all but dissapeared and I'm breathing through my nose better." (Link expired)
** "Thom began to breathe through his nose for the first time in decades… he has mostly stopped kicking and thrashing during the night. He's sleeping more soundly…" (Link expired)

=== Sleep, problems with ===
Search the rest of this page for “sleep”, and also see [[Helminthic therapy and sleep | '''Helminthic therapy and sleep''']].

=== Stress ===

* “I've lost that 'tired but wired' feeling that stopped me relaxing properly, and I've started to sleep better. I get less stressed by ordinary events, and almost never use my inhalers any more." (Reported in a private discussion, Feb 2013)

* “My hookworms came, I put them on a bandaid, and applied them to my skin. My reaction was immediate and intense. Any feeling of stress that I felt went away - completely. I was stressed from my son being sick, but I also had other normal stresses; and they all went away too. I could look at the same situation, and I could not feel stressed about it.” (Link deleted)

* “Last night we went to a business dinner for my husband's work and for the first time in many years… I was able to drink wine, eat almost normally and enjoy myself rather than feeling stressed. All of this is thanks to HW.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/829393617116595/]

=== Sweet syndrome (SS) ===
(Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)

* [[Hookworms literally saved my life | '''Hookworms literally saved my life''']]

=== Tendinopathy (tendinitis / tendonitis) ===

* "With my husband’s first attack (of tendonitis), the doctor said it's probably nothing. With the second, he said if he gets a third attack odds are it will be permanent. Well, he hasn't needed the crutch for his hands in 6 months and he's been on NA for 8 months. It never even clicked that it could be autoimmune (the doc didn't say so either). His issue was small, he only had two fingers on each hand that were prone to this, off and on, but the doctor wasn't optimistic after having had so many 'attacks'. Especially since his father has it too on his wrist." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4847022252020358?comment_id=4850971704958746]

=== Testicular atrophy ===

* “One positive sign I have not mentioned thus far has to do with my passionate parts. Yes, my wobblies. For several years, I have noticed that my testicles were getting smaller and lighter. I did not like it, but wrote it off as a natural consequence of aging. Almost immediately, after I began taking worms (HDC), this situation began to reverse. My testicles began to grow and grow, getting heavier, and heavier. Now, I haven’t been weighing them on the bathroom scale, and keeping a chart of their progress, mind you. It’s just something a feller notices. Anyway, now they are a normal size, like when I was younger, my “reproductive health” has increased significantly. Quite interesting. [https://zippy890.wordpress.com/2015/07/10/twelve-months-of-cestodes/]

=== Tinnitus ===
Also see [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops |'''Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops''']], above, and the separate page, [[Helminthic therapy and tinnitus | '''Helminthic therapy and tinnitus''']].

* “For years tinnitus was a constant scream and, at about 5 months (post-inoculation), had intermittent easing. Then, at about 8 months, was gone. Now it just reoccurs for a few days with (each) inoculation…” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1357306717658613/?comment_id=1644817585574190&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R1%22%7D]

=== Travel sickness ===

* "One major new development is that, as of about 10 days ago, my car sickness seems to be cured. I have never been able to read on the bus, in stop and go traffic, without getting nauseous." (Link expired)

=== Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) ===

* “I have a case which I think is a first for helminth therapy. The case is a young man in his twenties who suffered from Trimethylaminuria (TMAU), and whose family became so desperate they decided to try (HT). After a dose of 10 NA, all symptoms started to disappear after just 3 weeks. He is totally in remission and has not had to re-dose at this stage. It has been 8 months.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4157822464273677/]

=== Ulcer, leg ===

* "I have a long history of cd and … I had a pyoderma gangrenosum on my leg… when I did the hooks my ulcer healed. This is the only treatment that has worked for me." (Link expired)

=== Ulcerative colitis ===

Also see:

* [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Microscopic colitis | '''Microscopic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lymphocytic colitis | '''Lymphocytic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Pancolitis | '''Pancolitis''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative proctitis | '''Ulcerative proctitis''']].

* [[Helminthic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | '''Helminthic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)''']]

The first seven reports are more detailed than the quotes that follow them.

:* [[TSO successfully treats ulcerative colitis after drugs cause adverse reactions | '''TSO successfully treats ulcerative colitis after drugs cause adverse reactions''']]
:* [[Crohns and colitis patient bounces back to health with hookworms and fecal transplants | '''Crohn's and colitis patient bounces back to health with hookworms and fecal transplants''']]
:* [[TSO tames colitis in a 70 year old | '''TSO tames colitis in a 70 year old''']]
:* [[Hookworms prove life-changing for a patient with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease | '''Hookworms prove life-changing for a patient with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease''']]
:* [[Rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis relieved by TSO | '''Rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis relieved by TSO''']]
:* [[Hookworms successful against colitis and celiac disease after medicine fails | '''Hookworms successful against colitis and celiac disease after medicine fails''']]
:* [[Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms | '''Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms''']]

* "... the great thing, the amazing thing, the wonderful joy is that when i need to go that it is not urgent." (Link expired)

* "...all the bleeding was gone, Stools were well formed, Frequency decreased to only once or twice a day. I feel completely normal now. What a change! I attribute this completely and wholly to the Whipworm.” (Link expired)

* "Repeated colonoscopies revealed that wherever worms colonized his colon, the symptoms of colitis were significantly reduced or nonexistent." [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/helminthic-therapy-mucus/]

* The following two reports are by the same person, 14 months apart.
** "I previously tried TSO and it dampened the UC somewhat, but not to the extent that human whipworms (TT) have." (Link expired)
** "I undertook helminthic therapy with open eyes and the realization that it doesn't work for everyone. So, regretfully, I am probably going to kill off my human whipworm (trichuris trichuria, TT) infection soon after around 1.5 years. Unfortunately, the critters have not had any noticable benefit on my Ulcerative Colitis after all this time." (Link expired)

* The following two reports are by the same person, 7 months apart.
** "Over the last two months, I have had perfect bowels, every single day. One BM per day, solid, no mucus, no pain. Every time I go into the bathroom it’s like christmas morning." (Link expired)
** (At one year post-inoculation) "I’ve literally even invited people into the bathroom to look at my stools they look so good… The quality of life I enjoy is better than at anytime since I was diagnosed back in 2005." (Link expired)

* "I have been suffering from UC for two years now… having 6-8 terrible, bloody and painful BMs nearly every night… I took my first dose of human whipworm this past June, and in the past two weeks I have been seeing my symptoms simply disappear… I have even forgotten to take my meds several times because I AM NO LONGER IN PAIN! I have my life back." (Reported in a private discussion, Jan 2012)

* "I had UC for 5 years and was in a clinical study in Iowa city that changed my life. I've been in remission for 8 years now. No sign of the disease on my last colonoscopy. Thanks to the Trichuris Suis worms. These worms saved my life also!" (Reported on a Facebook page. [https://www.facebook.com/autoimmunetherapies])

* "This treatment has put my UC in complete remission and I am prescription free (yippie). I was able to get completely off prednisone, 6-MP, and asocol. I am medication free and symptom free. I feel and function completely normally! I would not have graduated, or have a career, or a normal life in any way had it not been for this therapy. I can't say enough good things about it!!!" (Reported in a private discussion, May 2012)

* “I was diagnosed with UC in 2008… Started HT therapy in May 2011... and I've been in complete remission for over 6 months now. I'm very happy and very grateful. I just graduated from a graduate program in May 2012 and I'm starting a new career. It would not have been possible without this treatment. HT gave me my life back.” (Reported in a private discussion, Jun 2012)

* "I suffered from a serious case of UC… I've been hospitalized several times with serious bleeding and infection, the doctors told me to evaluate surgery if it ever flared up again. After starting HT (human whipworms) my UC is completely gone, so is my asthma, and my allergies and hypoglycemia as well. I still can't believe it. It actually started working 2 weeks into therapy after the first dose (improvement in pain/stool/stomach activity/rumbling etc.) so I feel like it's a miracle… It's so nice to able to live again! (I work again and function normally) It feels like I can hardly remember how it was to be 'normal' … as I see it the whipworms saved my life :-)" Edited from two posts. (Links expired)

* “Helminthic therapy has put my UC in remission with only minor symptoms every now and then. Before HT I was not able to eat very many foods and would have never been able to hold down a job.” (Reported to the Facebook Helminthic Therapy Support Group [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/], Jul 2012)

* "I was on 6mp when I started HT. I was also on 40mg prednisone daily. I was off both drugs in about 6 months… I had ulcerative colitis." (Reported to the Facebook Helminthic Therapy Support Group [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/], Aug 2012)

* “My UC is now 100% in remission. it was months ago i saw any bleeding or mucus.” (Reported to the Facebook Helminthic Therapy Support Group [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/], Aug 2012)

* "I dosed with 750 whipworm over 5 months starting in january. saw great results after one month. in june, I had one of the most stressful situations of my life at work, and flared again … 750 WW wasn't enough to temper the effects of that much stress on my system. I'm dosing again, and have already seen very positive results." (Link expired)

* "Everything is going great. A year after starting whipworm, I'm off drugs again, hoping it continues as i'm loving living life drug free and feeling awesome!" (Reported in a private message, Mar 2013)

* ☹️ "I tried various worm therapies, including human hook and whipworms, for around three years and never had any success whatsoever with them for my UC-leaning IBD- well, I had some very mild dampening with TSO, but both HW and human WW just made my symptoms worse. Tried various innoculation strategies, tried aiding the innoculation and suppressing the side effects with high dose prednisone - they did nothing." (Link expired)

* "I am off all drugs for my colitis which has been so bad at times 8 pentasa a day wasn't working and even prednisone started to be less efficient! Now it's been a year since starting Human Whip worm and i'm feeling amazing, off drugs as of 2 weeks, hoping to hold my helminth community and monitor keeping an amazing quality of life i have back!! … VERY HAPPY helminth host, thanking them everyday i wake up!!!!" (Link expired)

* "Hookworm working, feeling great! I feel ‘normal’ again… better than I have in about 15 years. Seriously!" [http://gettinghealthiernow.wordpress.com/2013/05/18/hookworm-working-feeling-great/]

* "I've been taking the doses (of whipworm) since May 19, 2013 and I got blood test results today and for the first time since I was diagnosed with UC six years ago, I am not anemic nor do I have low vitamin D levels (another recurring problem). At some points during the last six years I've had to recieve iron infusions because my iron levels were so low, but now my iron is actually on the high side of normal. I have one dose left and still have some UC symtoms, but overall things have improved and the lab results are really quite surprising." (Reported in a private message, Aug 2013)

* “Unless the other foot is about to drop, my worms have absolutely changed my life. Off of immune modulating drugs and in remission. New years eve was an emotional night out feeling like I have my life back. Whipworms and hookworms treating my once severe ulcerative colitis.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/768745763181381/?comment_id=768797076509583&offset=0&total_comments=3]

* “I have had this monster for 13 years and I am almost at 2 years of combination therapy with NA and TTO for a long list of symptoms I won't go into as it can get lengthy. I was a year and a half into HT at the start of the year and flaring. My GI wouldn't do my colonoscopy because I was so inflamed he thought I would perf. He thought I should be admitted for IV steroids and started on Remicade (but) I have been in complete remission for the past two months and have never felt as good.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/855123671210256/]

* “I have UC and I take HDC (30/month) and made dietary changes. I am now symptom free.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/899969503392339/?comment_id=901544583234831&offset=0&total_comments=5&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

* “Just before starting treatment with TTO I had colon biopsies that showed dysplasia (precancerous cells or cell changes due to severe disease). After 7 months of TTO treatment I had a repeat colonoscopy which showed healed tissue in the colon and only mild inflammation in rectum. I just got the pathology report of the biopsies which showed no sign of dysplasia! Yippie!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/951119841610638/]

* “I got the TTO and was thrilled with the results. I went from being threatened at having my entire colon removed, to eating and feeling normal. As long as I keep my colony, I feel good. My GI was amazed to do a colonoscopy and my insides looked great. It's been about 5 years. I do not take any medication now.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1112784965444124/?comment_id=1112812048774749&reply_comment_id=1113063625416258&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1349775858411699/?comment_id=1351237928265492&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D] And an update two years later: “I have NO symptoms and colonoscopy shows a happy healthy colon!!!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2312169125505696/?comment_id=2312290928826849&reply_comment_id=2312499145472694&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “Going on almost two years of NA for ulcerative colitis. I started with 10 NA and that put me in remission within 2 months. My symptoms seem to flare when NA gets low. I keep adding 10 NA every 4 months and that seems to be working out. No side effects aside from inoculation rash. I think NA helps tamp down inflammation overall and gives the TTO a chance to take hold. I think NA helps with stool formation while TTO heals colon ulcers, thus stopping blood and mucus loss, restoring gut wall. Not taking any other meds. I'm amazed and grateful.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1632453993477216/] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1826863680702912/]

* “I have Crohns Colitis — all my inflammation has been in my colon and rectum. I spent ungodly amounts of money over several years working with elite functional medicine docs. And I eventually came to the conclusion it wasn’t going to work for me… I’ve been doing helminths for about 2 years, and I am completely symptom free and have almost weaned off meds entirely (I take 25mg of 6mp/daily). I used to eat strict Paleo but now I eat 80% really clean and the other 20% I don’t worry as much about. Last night I had vodka, beer, bread, and a donut at my friends wedding. I’m fine today. Crohns Colitis really doesn’t impact my life anymore. Last colonoscopy was basically squeaky clean and my doc is ok with me going off all meds in March if nothing changes.” (Edited from two posts: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1634529973269618/?comment_id=1634673803255235&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2511716132217660/?comment_id=251236592215268])

* “At my worst flare, I had 15 ulcers in my colon. None of my colon was functioning, it was just trying to survive the attack from my immune system. The HDC was remarkable! My response to them convinced me to try the NA and TSO. My first colony of NA did not survive my immune response. However, the TSO was like a miracle drug. I felt better almost after the first dose. TSO really help when a flare is coming on. I calmed 2 flares using those. After taking the TSO for a year, I have decided to give the NA another try because the cost of the TSO is not sustainable for me.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1852446168144663/?comment_id=1852697221452891&reply_comment_id=1852719821450631&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R4%22%7D]

* “For the first time in my chronically ill life has my scope been NORMAL! No inflammation. I have had this illness since I was 12 and, till 24, I have been having scopes yearly or every 2 years at max and they always always have shown either mild, moderate or severe inflammation. At my worst, I was recommended to take Humira/ Remicade due to severe illness that put me out for about 2 years. I refused it and was on the verge of total collectomy… Before I started Hookworms, I was at the beginning of a relapse and had pain, nausea, cramping, diarrhea and constipation alternating each other and a lot of fatigue etc. After my first dose - 3 weeks into - I started to feel a positive difference and it's been upwards since then.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1868023383253608/] “UPDATE: I went in to my doctor today (and) what shocked me and my doctor are my biopsy results. I am clinically free of Ulcerative Colitos and have zero inflammation on a cellular level. My doctor is now working on taking me off Immuran/Azathioprine as my status has gone from having moderate to severe colitos to IBS!!!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1868023383253608/?comment_id=1907170472672232&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D] Hookworms have saved my life. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2833202876735649/?comment_id=2841131739276096]

* “Week 25 (with 10 NA). Probably my most consistent month since having colitis. So glad i did hookworm. I have to say that i rarely get a fart that smells now, something i have to attribute to them, they have sorted whatever was wrong in my digestion. As soon as i get my pancreas/liver issues sorted i believe i will have near perfect digestion.... UNBELIEVABLE... 6 months ago i would never have thought this.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1820079598047987/?comment_id=2036236216432323&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “I am at week 16 with the first inoculation of 5NA. My UC symptoms are normalizing… urgency has lessened *significantly*, blood/Diarrhea have normalized almost completely. I have not taken my Asacol in months... I seem to feel like a normal person again, not realllllllyyy worrying about traveling, car rides, social activities, etc!! (although some of the learned anxiety still remains).” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2058945780828033/]

* “My husband has UC and we have had great success with the TTO for the past 3 years, he takes 400 every 4 months. Was able to get off of prednisone. Thank goodness for this page and the info! It’s saved my husbands colon!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2184846741571269/]

* “I've been using TSO for UC and it was a little rocky starting out but after about 10 doses I'm feeling the best I've felt in 2 years.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2278067295582546/?comment_id=2278970092158933&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

* “My son who is hosting TT for UC had a scope on Wednesday and has had a dramatic improvement since the last one 2 years ago. Only change in what we are doing is the HT which he has been on for 17 months. I have been quietly confident it was helping as his bloods have been perfect and he has been growing this last year much more that before, but still really great to see inside and confirm.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2350377818351493/]

* “I have UC and, after several years of the usual drug therapies, was on track to have my colon removed ten years ago. Started helminths in combination with maintenance drugs. Sure it’s a sample size of one, and sure it’s anecdotal, but I still have my colon, and I lead a pretty normal life.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2511716132217660/?comment_id=2512196335502973]

* “I have UC, inoculated 6 months ago and again 3 months ago. I was in the middle of a pretty severe flair. I’m in complete remission now. I haven’t had a colonoscopy to confirm, but I’m symptom free. This treatment is the real deal. I will be forever grateful for these worms!!!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2511716132217660/?comment_id=2512239692165304]

* “Moderate colitis since age 23. Ulcers, urgency, the whole digestive problems. Inflammatory arthritis so bad I couldn’t walk from the car into my classroom. Sores in my mouth, on my eyelids, fatigue mental and physical. Extreme food sensitivity, emotional distress as a result. I tried dietary modifications, acupuncture herbal therapy, massage, mental health therapy, western meds… A bunch of stuff. I am now on (human) whipworm and hookworm and have a completely different quality of life. I can go biking, skiing, skateboarding, backpacking... All sorts of different activities that I couldn’t do beforehand. I can eat a great variety of foods and even cheat a little bit on my anti-inflammatory diet. I stay away from gluten, soy, dairy, and eggs. But I can cheat on the gluten soy and eggs with minimal digestive rumblings. The greatest benefit has been to my anxiety about daily life. I have a regular digestive function now and can, for the most part, go about my life without worrying. I can’t say enough good things about the therapy and it’s consequences for me.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2544371922285414/?comment_id=2546987368690536]

* “I am 40 years old and was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis about 20 years ago. About five years ago, my gastroenterologist wanted to start discussions about removing a portion of my colon because of several precancerous polyps found during a colonoscopy. Not long after that, I started HT with 50 HDC every 2 weeks, and have continued that regime for the last 5 years. I started seeing improvements almost immediately. The day after my first dose I had fewer urges to go to the bathroom and, after a week or two, I had no more blood in my stool. I also take TTO at about 600 ova every year, 50 bi-weekly until I have taken all 600, or about 12 weeks. I’ve done that every year(ish) for the last 4-5 years. I have achieved 5-6 years of remission, and I am 100% better today compared to before I started taking helminths. My gastroenterologist was skeptical until he had confirmation through a colonoscopy. I've since had other colonoscopies and still found to be in remission.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2800049873384283/]

* “I will reach the 3 month mark this week. Treating IBD (Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis) with 5 NA. Unbelievable the improvements. Heart palpitations gone, vertigo significantly reduced, abdominal gurgles/gas/pain gone, dry eyes gone, headaches, joint pain gone, normal digestion… This is the best I have been since falling ill 7 years ago. Life changing.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3451736611548936/]

* “Going on 6 years hosting hookworms for colitis, along with TTO. Helminths are part of the regime keeping me in remission. I plan on hosting a colony for life.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/4477309755658278?comment_id=4478716335517620] Update, June 2022: "I've been in a good remission for a year now, got a stable colony of hookworms and whipworms (seen on my colonoscopy last year). I add 10 hookworms once a year now, although I added them every 3 months for a couple years. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5106577522731495/]

* "I have been building my colony (NA) very slowly for a year now, and no longer have colitis which is fantastic. No more head fog either and my joint pain is majorly reduced. I can eat broccoli and cooked apples and cooked onions now! [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5090423981013516/?comment_id=5091458034243444&reply_comment_id=5093097297412851]

* ☹️ "Stopped the helminths... due to expense, and they seemed to lose effectiveness. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/944307848958504/?comment_id=5619469574775618&reply_comment_id=5619534414769134] First (I used) TTO then TSO for a total of 4 years. About 2 years on both." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/944307848958504?comment_id=5619469574775618&reply_comment_id=5619958138060095]

* "In 2018, I was starting the conversation with my doctor to remove my colon. Prednisone wasn't having any effect whatsoever. That experience was what pushed me to pull the trigger on hookworms (and they) turned off my ulcerative colitis and celiac disease like flicking a switch. I was able to get back on an unrestricted diet 40 days after inoculation. I had known about hookworms for years as a treatment for IBD but it took the real possibility of bowel surgery in my near future to push me to pull the trigger. I felt immediately relieved and silly at the same time. I had endured so much unnecessary illness when I had the answer the entire time." (Edited from three posts: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5070971286292119/?comment_id=5073182056071042&reply_comment_id=5074432752612639] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5782644668458107?comment_id=5782949001761007&reply_comment_id=5783089918413582] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5782644668458107?comment_id=5782949001761007&reply_comment_id=5783262828396291])

* "I've had UC for 18 years, mostly mild to moderate. Azathioprine finally got me into remission, but I couldn't stay on a higher dose that would keep me in remission. Finally started helminthic therapy beginning in 2012. Took me several years, but eventually settled into a dosing/treatment regimen that keeps me in clinical and endoscopic remission with no diet restrictions of any kind. I take 25-50mg azathioprine daily and 250 TTO every 12 weeks." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6595206410535258/?comment_id=6622999654422600 this post])

* "11 doses of TSO in, my father is cured from his colitis." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6641211952601370/]

* "I had a patient who he'd had ulcerative colitis and had not been in remission for 20 years. And usually, I'm a naturopathic doctor, I'm not doing one thing. I'm looking at the whole person and saying, "Oh, let's give a nudge here, a nudge there, what can we do?" And so it could be hard to tease out what is helping and what is not helping. But this guy came to see me and he said, "Look, I read an article you wrote about helminths. I want to try helminths." He wasn't interested in any of my other stuff, which is fine. And so we did. Now, for him, we gave him Necator americanus and Trichuris trichiura. Well, I love that combo actually. So we didn't have that to tease out because he got both at once, but six months later, he came to me and he said, "I feel like I want to cry because I'm just completely better. And if I just known about this 20 years ago, I would've had such a different life maybe at this point." But he was very, very thrilled to finally, finally be in remission for the first time in decades. So that was great." ([https://www.thesibodoctor.com/2023/10/25/dr-mark-davis-exploring-helminth-therapies/ podcast] with Mark Davis ND)

=== Ulcerative proctitis ===

Also see [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Microscopic colitis | '''Microscopic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lymphocytic colitis | '''Lymphocytic colitis''']], [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Pancolitis | '''Pancolitis''']] and [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative colitis | '''Ulcerative colitis''']].

* "The litmus test occurred yesterday when I went into the bathroom and found something most people would shudder at, an un-flushed poo. It was gloriously solid and normal." (Comment by the patient's wife. Link expired)

* “My problems mostly disappeared within few days with HT. My health significantly improved and I felt completely healthy although very few times some blood appeared… I started another course 10x2500 TSO with even better results than before. I’m completely without any problems, my blood tests at my GI showed I’m in complete remission.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1125332027522751/?comment_id=1375773889145229&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

=== Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) ===

* “… after taking the TSO for about 6 months, the inflammation in my intestines which my gastroenterologist told me was connective tissue disease, disappeared. How do I know this? I have MRI’s and CAT scans prior to taking the TSO which show and mention it. Then, I have one 6 months later which doesn’t show or mention it. I really don’t think this is a coincidence. The abdominal pain was greatly reduced also.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1751922911530323/?comment_id=1751952268194054&reply_comment_id=1752059174850030&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]

=== Urinary tract infections (UTIs) ===

* “My chronic UTIs have been alleviated (at 3½ months post-inoculation with NA). As have my bladder control issues. I would not have ever associated this with autoimmune issues. But I’ll take it.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/2298643776858231/?comment_id=2467440596645214]

* “When the (NA) colony is working at 100%, the UTIs practically disappear.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/702101716512453/?comment_id=705096122879679&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R4%22%7D]

=== Vertigo ===

* “I have just come back from driving 900 miles in the last two days and don't feel in total melt down. I'll be tired tomorrow, but in the past I'd have had several days where my vertigo was a problem after this sort of journey. I've been hosting (NA) for a year and it has changed my life.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/867146593341297/?comment_id=869712143084742&offset=0&total_comments=20&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

=== Vitiligo ===

See [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Vitiligo | '''Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Vitiligo''']]

=== Warts ===

* “Since inoculating (with NA) less than six months ago… two pesky warts I've had for over a decade have disappeared.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/987048264684462/?comment_id=987150608007561]

* “I did notice a wart on my foot that has lived with me these past 8 months is completely gone!” (While taking HDCs.) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/3226282547427678?comment_id=3400404903348774]

=== Weight, excess ===
Also see the separate page, [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | '''Helminths, appetite and body weight''']].

* “I actually lost weight from decreased inflammation as did my husband. No problems, though. I'd never realized how much water for inflammation I was carrying around - about nine pounds.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/416913611697933/?comment_id=417374204985207&offset=0&total_comments=12]

* “My appetite also decreased, and the weight that I have gained while being sick started to drop away.” [http://rightinthegut.weebly.com/blog/on-the-upswing]

* “Even though he was taking (hook)worms to soothe his terrible heartburn, seasonal allergies, and IBS, it helped him lose the extra weight without doing anything.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/894870717235551/?comment_id=894993707223252&offset=0&total_comments=2&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D]

=== Weight, insufficient ===
Also see the separate page, [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | '''Helminths, appetite and body weight''']].

* “In the last 28 months since my wife started helminthic therapy she has gone from 70 to about 85 Kg, even if the amount of food she consumes has not changed much.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/416913611697933/]

* “With the use of HDC, I gained 15 pounds (despite eating exactly the same).” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/977396905649598/?comment_id=977744555614833&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R1%22%7D]

== See also ==

* [[Helminthic therapy for well people | '''Helminthic therapy for well people''']]

Medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy

2026-04-07T10:45:44Z

Jlm: /* Medical conditions */

{{Breadcrumb}}
{{SEO 
|title=Medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}
<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; border-radius:16px; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;">
'''<font color=#B40431><font size=4>This page is still being developed, so please call back later to read further details as they are added.</font></font>'''<br>
</div>

This page aims to list the medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy.

== Main disease types ==

=== Positive effects ===

* Inflammatory diseases
* Autoimmune diseases
* Asthma and allergies
* Cancer
* Food intolerance
* Eczema
* Fertility
* Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) / Leaky gut
* Autism
* Neurodevelopmental disorders
* Neuropsychiatric diseases
* Neurodegenerative diseases
* Organ transplant
* Sepsis, Peritonitis
* COVID-19, Influenza, Bronchiolitis (VRS)
* Wound healing

=== Potential negative effects ===

Any negative effects seen in cases where therapeutic helminths are being hosted are usually associated with the use of excessive doses or in hosts who are hypersensitive. Negative effects are also typically transient and almost always confined to the period immediately following the initial introduction of the helminths, except in a few cases involving very sensitive individuals.

* Virus: HIV, Astrovirus, Flavivirus (West Nile virus, Zika virus, and Powassan virus), Norovirus, Adenovirus
* Fungus: Cryptococcosis

Effects of helminthic therapy on preexisting infectious diseases are dependent on the particular species being hosted and the dosages used. There are generally far less issues with the four domesticated species when used at therapeutic doses. See this page for more detail.
* [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | '''Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases''']]

None of the specially domesticated species used in helminthic therapy have been reported to cause cancer, but a number of non-therapeutic helminths are well known for their involvement in this disease. See the following page for more detail.
* [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | '''Helminthic therapy and cancer''']]

== Medical specialties ==

* '''Allergology''': Allergies, Asthma, Dermatitis, Rhinitis, Sinusitis
* '''Cardiology''': Acute coronary syndrome, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Atrial fibrillation, Heart Attack, Hypertension, Myocardial infraction, Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy
* '''Dermatology''': Acne, Chronic wounds, Cracked heels, Dermatitis, Dermatitis herpetiformis, Eczema, Hives, Psoriasis, Rosacea, Scleroderma, Urticaria, Vitiligo
* '''Endocrinology''': Addison's disease, Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2), Graves-Basedow, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Osteoporosis, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
* '''Diabetology''': Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)
* '''Gastroenterology''': Appendicitis, Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE), Intestinal Bowel Diseases (Crohn and Ulcerative colitis), Irritable bowel syndrome, Gastric cancer, Colitis cancer
* '''Geriatrics''': Alzheimer, Memory loss, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
* '''Gynaecology''': Adenomyosis, Cervical cancer, Endometriosis, Fertility, Fibromyalgia, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Premenstrual syndrome
* '''Infectiology''': Bronchiolitis, Covid-19, Chronic wounds, Influenza, Sepsis, Prion diseases
* '''Immunology''': Allergies, Asthma, Autoimmune diseases, Dermatitis, Rhinitis, Sinusitis
* '''Intensive care medicine''': Sepsis
* '''Nephrology''': Acute kidney injury, Autoimmune kidney diseases (Glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy), Diabetic nephropathy, Lupus nephritis, Renal Transplant, Sepsis
* '''Neurology''': Headaches, Memory disorders, Ménière's disease, Migraine, Multiple sclerosis, Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Creutzfeldt–Jakob, ...), Neurological disorders, Stroke
* '''Oncology''': B-cell leukemia/lymphoma, Cervical cancer, Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Colitis cancer, Gastric cancer, Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Lymphoma, Pancreatic Cancer
* '''Ophthalmology''': Age-related macular degeneration, Diabetic retinopathy, Dry eye syndrome (DES), Glaucoma, Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
* '''Otorhinolaryngology''': Ménière's disease, Nasal polyps, Rhinosinusitis
* '''Psychiatry''': Anxiety, Bipolar disorder, Depression
* '''Pulmonology''': Asthma, Allergies, Bronchiolitis, Covid-19, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Influenza, Interstitial lung disease, Pneumocystosis, Rhinosinusitis
* '''Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI)''': Fertility
* '''Rheumatology''': Autoimmune diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Lupus, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, Giant cell arteritis), Raynaud's Disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, Septic arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
* '''Urology''': Acute kidney injury, Autoimmune kidney diseases (Glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy), Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Diabetic nephropathy, Lupus nephritis, Renal Transplant, Sepsis

== Medical conditions ==

* SE = Scientific evidence
* CTOS = Clinical Trials and Observational Studies
* PTE = Potential therapeutic effect. No studies yet done.
* PNE = Potential negative effect (unknown with helminthic therapy)
* PS = Personal stories
* UNK = Unknown

'''Concerning Personal stories'''. While anecdotes are not widely accepted as strong evidence in modern medicine, it would seem reasonable to invoke the “parachute paradigm”[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC300808/] in this case. If, like a pilot who jumps from an aeroplane and deploys a parachute, the patient is rescued from an otherwise certain fate, and if the mechanism makes perfect sense, then the anecdote should surely be taken seriously.

* Absence seizures: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Absence_seizures | PS]]
* Acne: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Acne | PS]]
* Actinic keratosis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Actinic keratosis | PS]]
* Acute coronary syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | PTE]]
* Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM): [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) | PTE]]
* Acute kidney injury: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Acute kidney injury | SE]]
* Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease | SE]]
* Acute liver injury: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver | PTE]]
* Acute lung injury (ALI): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease | SE]]
* Addison’s disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Addison’s disease / Primary adrenal insufficiency / Hypocortisolis | PS]]
* Adenocarcinoma: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Breast_cancer | PTE]]
* Adenomyosis: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Adenomyosis | PS]]
* Adenovirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and adenovirus | ❓ PNE]]
* Adenosarcoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Adenosarcoma | PTE]]
* Adhesions: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Adhesions | PS]]
* Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Adrenal fatigue: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Adrenal fatigue | PS]]
* African trypanosomiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | PTE]]
* Aging / Ageing: [[Helminthic therapy and aging | SE, PS]]
* Alcohol dependence: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Alcohol dependence | PTE]]
* Alcohol intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Alcohol intolerance | PS]]
* Allergy: [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | SE, CTOS, PS]]
* Allodynia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Allodynia | PS]]
* Alopecia: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Alopecia areata: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | SE,PS]]
* Alzheimer's: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE,CTOS,AS]]
* American trypanosomiasis (Chagas): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Anaphylaxis: [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Anaemia (anemia): [[Helminthic therapy and nutritional deficiencies | PS]]
* Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Angioedema: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Angioedema | PS]]
* Ankylosing spondylitis: [[Helminthic therapy research | SE]],[[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ankylosing spondylitis | PS]]
* Anxiety: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Appendicitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Appendicitis | SE]]
* Appetite: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Arrhythmia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Arrhythmia | PS]]
* Arterial Stiffness: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Arteriosclerosis | PTE]]
* Arteriosclerosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Arteriosclerosis | PTE]]
* Arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Arteritis | PS]]
* Asthma: [[Helminthic therapy and asthma | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Arthritis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | SE,PS]]
* Arthritis, IBD-related non erosive: [[Thirteen years and counting: maintaining remission with TSO for Crohn's and IBD-related (non erosive) arthritis | PS]]
* Aspirin-induced asthma: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Aspirin-induced asthma / Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome | PS]]
* Astrovirus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and astrovirus | PNE]]
* Atherosclerosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Atherosclerosis | SE]]
* Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, ADD): [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | PS]]
* Autism: [[Helminthic therapy and autism | SE, CTOS]],[[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Autism | PS]]
* Autoimmune hepatitis: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver | SE,PS]]
* Autoimmune kidney disease: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Autoimmune kidney diseases | PS]]
* Autoimmune pain: [[Hookworms relieve chronic autoimmune pain | PS]]
* B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL): [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | SE,PTE]]
* Balanitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Balanitis | PS]]
* Barrett's Oesophagus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Barrett's Oesophagus | PS]]
* Behçet’s disease: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | PS]]
* Benign prostatic hyperplasia: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Benign prostatic hyperplasia | UNK]]
* Berger's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Bipolar disorder: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PS]]
* Bloating: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bloating | PS]]
* Blood pressure-related disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Blood pressure-related disorders | SE,PS]]
* Body temperature, poor control of: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Body temperature, poor control of | PS]]
* Bordetella Pertussis infection: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Brain fog: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#"Brain fog" | PS]]
* Brain trauma: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders | PTE]]
* Bronchiectasis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bronchiectasis | PS]]
* Bronchitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bronchitis | PS]]
* Bruising: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bruising | PS]]
* Bladder pain: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease | SE]]
* Blood pressure: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypertension / high blood pressure | PS]]
* Body weight: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | SE]],[[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Bone healing ability, loss of in the elderly
* Burns: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Burns | SE]]
* Breast cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Breast_cancer | PTE]]
* Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Candida: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Candida | PS]]
* Car sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Car sickness | PS]]
* Cardiovascular disease: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | SE]]
* Celiac / Coeliac disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Coeliac / celiac disease | PS]]
* Cervical cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Papillomavirus induced cervical cancer | SE,PTE]]
* Chagas disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Chemical sensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chemical sensitivity | PS]]
* Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis | SE]]
* Chikungunya virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) | PTE]]
* Chemotherapy-induced pathologies: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Chronic cough: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic cough | PS]]
* Chronic fatigue syndrome (EM/CFS): [[Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS | PS]]
* Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | PS]]
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): [[Helminthic therapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | PS]]
* Chronic wounds: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Chronic wounds | SE]]
* Churg–Strauss syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Clostridium difficile infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and Clostridium difficile | PS,PTE]]
* Cognition, poor: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cognition, poor | PS]]
* Cognitive dysfunction
* Cold sore (Herpes): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and herpes | PS,❓ PNE]]
* Colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Colitis | PS]]
* Colorectal Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Colorectal cancer | SE,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Constipation: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37449458/ SE],[[Helminthic therapy and bowel function | PS]]
* Contact dermatitis: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Contact dermatitis | SE,PS]]
* COVID-19: [[Helminthic therapy and COVID-19 | SE, CTOS, PS]]
* Cracked heels: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cracked heels | PS]]
* Cramps (abdominal): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cramps (abdominal) | PS]]
* Cranial arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Crohn's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Crohn's-Like ileitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Crohn's-Like ileitis | SE]]
* Cryptococcosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and fungus | ❓ PNE]]
* Cystic fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cystic fibrosis | UNK]]
* Dandruff: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dandruff | PS]]
* Dementia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dementia | PS]]
* Demodex mites: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Demodex mites | PTE]]
* Dengue: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Dengue | UNK]]
* Depression / low mood: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Dermatitis
* Dermatitis herpetiformis: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Dermatitis herpetiformis | PS]]
* Dermatographia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dermatographia | PS]]
* Dermatomyositis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dermatomyositis | PS]]
* Desmoid tumors: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Desmoid tumors | UNK]]
* Developmental delay: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Developmental delay | PS]]
* Diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and diabetes | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Diabetic nephropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Diabetic nephropathy | PTE]]
* Diabetic retinopathy: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Diabetic retinopathy | PTE]]
* Diarrhea / diarrhoea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Diarrhea / diarrhoea | PS]]
* Diverticular disease (diverticulosis / diverticulitis): [[Helminthic therapy and diverticular disease | PS]]
* Dry eye syndrome (DES): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dry eye syndrome (DES) / keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) | PS]]
* Dysautonomia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dysautonomia | PS]]
* Dyslipidemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Dyslipidemia | SE,PS]]
* Dysmenorrhoea / dysmenorrhea: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Ebola: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Ebola | UNK]]
* Eczema: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eczema / dermatitis | PS]]
* Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS): [[Helminthic therapy and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) | PS]]
* Encephalitis
* Epilepsy: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | PTE]]
* Endolymphatic hydrops: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops | PS]]
* Endometriosis: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Endometriosis | PS]]
* Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Epstein–Barr virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) | CTOS,PS]]
* Erythromelalgia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Erythromelalgia | PS]]
* Eosinophilic enterocolitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eosinophilic enterocolitis | PS]]
* Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE) | PS]]
* Escherichia coli enteropathogenic infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Escherichia coli | UNK]]
* Fatigue: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Fatigue | PS]]
* Fertility: [[Helminthic therapy and fertility | PS]]
* Fibromyalgia: [[Helminthic therapy and fibromyalgia | PS]]
* Fibrosarcoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Adenosarcoma | PTE]]
* Flavivirus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | PNE]]
* Flu: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Food allergy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Food allergy | PS]]
* Food intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Food intolerance | PS]]
* Frozen shoulder: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Gastric cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Gastric cancer | SE,CTOS]]
* Gastric ulcer: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Helicobacter pylori | SE,PS]]
* Gastroenteritis (norovirus,adenovirus): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | PNE]]
* Gastroenteritis (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Escherichia coli | UNK]]
* GERD (reflux): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#GERD (reflux) | PS]]
* Giant cell arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Giardiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and giardia infections | CTOS]]
* Glandular fever: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever | PS]]
* Glaucoma: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases#Glaucoma | PTE]]
* Glioma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | UNK]]
* Glomerulonephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Glomerulonephritis | UNK]]
* Gluten-related disorders
* Gout: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Gout arthritis | SE]]
* Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): [[Helminthic therapy and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) | SE,PTE]]
* Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Graves' disease
* Gluten ataxia: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Gluten ataxia | PS]]
* Gluten sensitivity
* Guillain–Barré syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and vaccines#Can helminths help to treat vaccine injuries? | PTE]]
* Gulf War Illness: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Gulf War Illness | PTE]]
* Gut microbiota
* Hashimoto's thyroiditis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hashimoto's thyroiditis / Graves' disease | PS]]
* Hair colour change: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Hair growth: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Hair loss: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Headaches: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Migraine and headaches | PS]]
* Heart failure: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | PTE]]
* Heavy metal accumulation: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Heavy metal accumulation | PTE]]
* Helicobacter pylori infection: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Helicobacter pylori infection | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Hemarthrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Hemophilic arthropathy | SE]]
* Hemophilic arthropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Hemophilic arthropathy | SE]]
* Henoch-Schönlein purpura: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis#Henoch-Schönlein purpura | UNK]]
* Hepatitis virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and hepatitis virus | UNK]]
* Herpes: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and herpes | PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Herpes zoster: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]
* High blood pressure: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypertension / high blood pressure | PS]]
* Histamine intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Histamine intolerance | PS]]
* HIV: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and HIV | ❓ PNE]]
* HIV-Helminth co-infections cancer risk: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#HIV-Helminth co-infections and cancer risk | ❓ PNE]]
* Hives: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hives / Urticaria | PS]]
* Horton's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Hot flashes (hot flushes): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hot flashes (hot flushes) | PS]]
* Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) | ❓ PNE]]
* Huntington's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | PTE]]
* Hyperactivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hyperactivity | PS]]
* Hyperemesis gravidarum
* Hypertension: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Blood pressure-related disorders | SE,PS]]
* Hyperthyroidism: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hyperthyroidism / overactive thyroid | PS]]
* Hyperuricemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Hyperuricemia | SE]]
* Hypochlorhydria: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypochlorhydria / low stomach acid | PS]]
* Hypocortisolism
* Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycaemia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycaemia | PS]]
* Hypothyroidism: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypothyroidism / underactive thyroid | PS]]
* Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) | UNK]]
* Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | PTE]]
* Idiopathic urticaria and eczema
* IgA nephropathy (IgAN): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Ileitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Crohn's-Like ileitis | SE]]
* Ischemia-reperfusion injury: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) | SE]]
* Immune disorders
* Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) / Immune thrombocytopenia: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) | SE]]
* Infectious diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Inflammaging: [[Helminthic therapy and aging | SE]], PS
* Inflammation: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Inflammation | PS]]
* Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
* Influenza: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Insect bite reactions: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Insect bite reactions | PS]]
* Insomnia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Insomnia | PS]]
* Insulin resistance
* Interstitial cystitis (IC): [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Interstitial cystitis (IC) | PS]]
* Interstitial lung disease (ILD): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Interstitial lung disease (ILD) | PS]]
* Irritability: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Irritability | PS]]
* Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): [[Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | SE,PS]]
* Joint replacement, failure of
* Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
* Keratosis pilaris: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Keratosis pilaris | PS]]
* Kidney pathology: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Kidney pathology | PS]]
* Kuru disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Labyrinthitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Labyrinthitis | PS]]
* Lactose intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lactose intolerance | PS]]
* Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): [[Helminthic therapy and diabetes | PS]]
* Leaky gut syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#“Leaky gut” | PS]]
* Leg ulcers, recalcitrant
* Leishmaniasis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and leishmaniasis | PNE]]
* Leprosy: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and leprosy | PNE]]
* Leptospirosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Leptospirosis | UNK]]
* Leukemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Lewis-Sumner syndrome (LSS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | PS]]
* Lichen planus: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Lichen planus | PS]]
* Lichen sclerosus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lichen sclerosus | PS]]
* Lifespan reduction
* Listeria monocytogenes infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Listeria monocytogenes | SE]]
* Liver
* Liver Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Liver Cancer | UNK]]
* Liver fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver#Liver fibrosis | UNK]]
* Long Covid: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Long Covid | PS]]
* Low mood: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Depression | PS]]
* Lung Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Lung Cancer | UNK]]
* Lupus: [[Helminthic therapy and lupus | SE,PS]]
* Lupus Nephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and lupus#Lupus Nephritis | SE,PS]]
* Lyme disease: [[Helminthic therapy and Lyme disease | PS]]
* Lymphocytic colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lymphocytic colitis | PS]]
* Lymphoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Macular degeneration: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | PTE]]
* Malaria: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and malaria | SE, PTE, PNE]]
* Malnutrition: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Malnutrition | PS]]
* Mast cell disorders (MCAS, MCAD)
* Melanoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Melanoma | UNK]]
* Memory disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Memory disorders | SE,PS]]
* Memory loss: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Memory disorders | PS]]
* Menstruation: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Microscopic colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Microscopic colitis | PS]]
* Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Ménière's disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops | PS]]
* Menstruation (painful, irregular): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Metabolic syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Metabolic syndrome | SE]]
* Migraine: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Migraine and headaches | CTOS,PS]]
* Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE]]
* Miscarriage
* Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) | PS]]
* Mood
* Mold (mould) illness / sensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mold (mould) illness / sensitivity | PS]]
* Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever | PS]]
* Mouth ulcers: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mouth ulcers | PS]]
* Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) | PS]]
* Multiple sclerosis (MS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple sclerosis (MS) | PS]]
* Muscle mass loss in the elderly
* Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): [[Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS | PS]]
* Myasthenia gravis: [[Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders#Myasthenia gravis | PS]]
* Myeloma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Myocardial infarction: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Myodesopsia (floaters)
* Myopia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Myopia | PS]]
* Narcolepsy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Narcolepsy | PS]]
* Nasal congestion: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Nasal polyps: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Neuroblastoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | UNK]]
* Neurodegenerative diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE,PS]]
* Neurodevelopmental disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | SE]]
* Neurofibromatosis type I: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders#Neurofibromatosis type I | PTE]]
* Neuropathic pain: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Neuropathic pain | PTE]]
* Neuropsychiatric disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Night terror: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Night terror (sleep terror) | PS]]
* Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | SE]]
* Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) | PS]]
* Norovirus (Norwalk virus, winter vomiting disease): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and norovirus | PNE]]
* Nutritional deficiencies
* Obesity: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Obesity) | SE,PS]]
* Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Obstructive sleep apnea
* Oral health: [[Helminthic therapy and oral health | PS]]
* Organ transplantation: [[Helminthic therapy and organ transplantation | SE]]
* Osteoarthritis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | SE,PS]]
* Osteoporosis: [[Helminthic therapy and aging#Osteoporosis | SE]]
* Ovarian cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Ovarian cancer | PTE]]
* Pain, chronic
* Palpitations: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Palpitations | PS]]
* Pancolitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Pancolitis | PS]]
* Pancreatic cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Pancreatic cancer | CTOS]]
* Pancreatitis: [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#Neprilysin alias Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) (Substance P protease) | PTE]]
* PANDAS / PANS: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#PANDAS / PANS | PS]]
* Papillomavirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and papillomavirus) | SE]]
* Parkinson's disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Parkinson’s disease | PS]]
* Periodontitis (gum disease): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Periodontitis (gum disease) | PS]]
* Peritonitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Appendicitis | SE]]
* Pertussis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Peripheral neuropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Peripheral neuropathy | PS]]
* Malaria ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and malaria | PNE]]
* Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | UNK]]
* Pemphigus: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Pemphigus | PTE]]
* Pleurisy: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pleurisy | SE]]
* Pneumocystis pneumonia: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pneumocystosis | SE]]
* Pneumocystosis: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pneumocystosis | SE]]
* Pneumococcal pneumonia: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Streptococcus pneumoniae | PNE]]
* Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | SE]]
* Podocyte injury: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Podocyte injury | UNK]]
* Poisoning: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Poisoning | PTE]]
* Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | PS]]
* Polycythemia: [[Ancylostoma duodenale | SE,CTOS]]
* Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) | PS]]
* Post-stroke depression: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) | PS]]
* Powassan virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Preeclampsia
* Premature birth
* Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | PS]]
* Primary adrenal insufficiency
* Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) | SE,PS]]
* Prion diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Prostatitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Prostatitis | PS]]
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | SE]]
* Psoriasis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Psoriasis | PS]]
* Psoriatic arthritis (PsA): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) | PS]]
* Psychosis: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Pulmonary fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Pulmonary fibrosis | SE]]
* Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Hypofunction: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy and radiation therapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Radiogenic xerostomia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy and radiation therapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) | UNK]]
* Raynaud syndrome / Raynaud's phenomenon: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Restless legs syndrome (RLS) | PS]]
* Recklinghausen syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Neurofibromatosis type I | PTE]]
* Reperfusion injury: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) | SE]]
* Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
* Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): [[Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Rhinitis: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Rhinosinusitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and rhinovirus | UNK]]
* Rhinovirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and rhinovirus | UNK]]
* Rosacea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Rosacea | PS]]
* Salicylate intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Salicylate intolerance | PS]]
* Salmonella: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Salmonella | ❓ PNE]]
* Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Aspirin-induced asthma / Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome | PS]]
* Sacroiliitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sacroiliitis | PS]]
* Sarcoidosis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sarcoidosis | PS]]
* Sciatica: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sciatica | PS]]
* Scleroderma: [[Helminthic therapy and scleroderma | SE,PS]]
* Schistosomiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and other helminths | PTE]]
* Schizophrenia: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PS,PTE]]
* Seborrhoeic dermatitis / seborrheic dermatitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Seborrhoeic dermatitis / seborrheic dermatitis | PS]]
* Sensory hypersensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sensory hypersensitivity | PS]]
* Sepsis: [[Helminthic therapy and sepsis | SE,CTOS]]
* Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD): [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA): [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PS]]
* Sexual function
* Shingles / Herpes zoster: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]
* Sickle Cell Disease: [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Others | UNK]]
* Sinusitis: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Sjogren's syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sjogren's syndrome | PS]]
* Sleep
* Sleep apnea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sleep apnea | PS]]
* Sleep, problems with: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sleep, problems with | PS]]
* Sleep terror: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Night terror (sleep terror) | PS]]
* Sleeping sickness: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#SIBO | PS]]
* Stiff-person syndrome (SPS): [[Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders#Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) | PTE]]
* Still's Disease: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Stomach acid
* Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infection: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Streptococcus pneumoniae | PNE]]
* Stress: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Stress | PS]]
* Stroke: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Stroke | SE]]
* Suicide
* Sweet syndrome (SS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sweet syndrome (SS) | PS]]
* Synpharyngitic glomerulonephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): [[Helminthic therapy and Lupus | SE,PS]]
* Systemic sclerosis: [[https://www.helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Helminthic_therapy_and_scleroderma | SE,PS]]
* Systemic vasculitis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia | UNK]]
* Temporal arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Tendinopathy (tendinitis / tendonitis): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Tendinopathy (tendinitis / tendonitis) | PS]]
* Testicular atrophy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Testicular atrophy | PS]]
* Thyroid disease
* Tinnitus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Tinnitus | PS]]
* Toxic shock syndrome (TSS): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | SE]]
* Toxoplasmosis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Toxoplasma Gondii | PNE]]
* Traumatic brain injury: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Traumatic brain injury | SE]]
* Trypanosoma brucei infection (African sleeping sickness): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Transient ischemic attack: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Stroke | SE]]
* Tourette Syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Travel sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Travel sickness | PS]]
* Trimethylaminuria (TMAU): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) | PS]]
* Tuberculosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and tuberculosis (TB) | SE,CTOS,PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Type 1 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 1 diabetes (T1D) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Type 2 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 2 diabetes (T2D) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Ulcer, leg: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcer, leg | PS]]
* Ulcerative colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative colitis | PS]]
* Ulcerative proctitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative proctitis | PS]]
* Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) | PS]]
* Urinary tract infections (UTIs): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Urinary tract infections (UTIs) | PS]]
* Urticaria: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hives / Urticaria | PS]]
* Uveitis: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Uveitis | PTE]]
* Vaccines
* Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
* Vertigo: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Vertigo | PS]]
* Vitiligo: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Vitiligo | PS]]
* Warts: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Warts | PS]]
* Weight, excess: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Weight, insufficient: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Wegener's granulomatosis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* West Nile virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Whooping cough: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Winter vomiting disease (Norovirus): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and norovirus | PNE]]
* Wound healing: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Chronic wounds | SE]]
* Zika virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Zona: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]

== Steps to take for a specific condition ==

Here are a few approaches that can be used to establish whether helminths might offer therapeutic or preventive benefits for a particular disease.

* '''Consult the Helminthic Therapy wiki'''. Browse from this page, searching by keywords to find testimonials and scientific studies. Alternatively, ask questions of our [https://www.helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Special:Chatbot '''Chatbot'''].

* '''Consult self-treaters'''. Ask questions in the [[Helminthic therapy support groups | '''Helminthic therapy support groups''']]. 

* '''Conduct web searches'''. Check general internet sources and scientific papers, but bear in mind that there are significant issues with much of the information online about helminthic therapy, as can be seen here: [[Introduction to helminthic therapy#Further information | '''Further information''']].

:: One example for [https://scholar.google.co.uk Google Scholar]: "(diabete OR diabetes OR diabetic OR insulin) AND (helminths OR helminth OR nippostrongylus OR polygyrus OR Heligmosomoides OR Hymenolepis OR "Necator Americanus" OR Hookworm OR Hookworms)"

Medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy

2026-04-06T12:56:13Z

Jlm: /* Medical specialties */

{{Breadcrumb}}
{{SEO 
|title=Medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}
<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; border-radius:16px; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;">
'''<font color=#B40431><font size=4>This page is still being developed, so please call back later to read further details as they are added.</font></font>'''<br>
</div>

This page aims to list the medical conditions and their response to helminthic therapy.

== Main disease types ==

=== Positive effects ===

* Inflammatory diseases
* Autoimmune diseases
* Asthma and allergies
* Cancer
* Food intolerance
* Eczema
* Fertility
* Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) / Leaky gut
* Autism
* Neurodevelopmental disorders
* Neuropsychiatric diseases
* Neurodegenerative diseases
* Organ transplant
* Sepsis, Peritonitis
* COVID-19, Influenza, Bronchiolitis (VRS)
* Wound healing

=== Potential negative effects ===

Any negative effects seen in cases where therapeutic helminths are being hosted are usually associated with the use of excessive doses or in hosts who are hypersensitive. Negative effects are also typically transient and almost always confined to the period immediately following the initial introduction of the helminths, except in a few cases involving very sensitive individuals.

* Virus: HIV, Astrovirus, Flavivirus (West Nile virus, Zika virus, and Powassan virus), Norovirus, Adenovirus
* Fungus: Cryptococcosis

Effects of helminthic therapy on preexisting infectious diseases are dependent on the particular species being hosted and the dosages used. There are generally far less issues with the four domesticated species when used at therapeutic doses. See this page for more detail.
* [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | '''Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases''']]

None of the specially domesticated species used in helminthic therapy have been reported to cause cancer, but a number of non-therapeutic helminths are well known for their involvement in this disease. See the following page for more detail.
* [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | '''Helminthic therapy and cancer''']]

== Medical specialties ==

* '''Allergology''': Allergies, Asthma, Dermatitis, Rhinitis, Sinusitis
* '''Cardiology''': Acute coronary syndrome, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Atrial fibrillation, Heart Attack, Hypertension, Myocardial infraction, Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy
* '''Dermatology''': Acne, Chronic wounds, Cracked heels, Dermatitis, Dermatitis herpetiformis, Eczema, Hives, Psoriasis, Rosacea, Scleroderma, Urticaria, Vitiligo
* '''Endocrinology''': Addison's disease, Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2), Graves-Basedow, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Osteoporosis, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
* '''Diabetology''': Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)
* '''Gastroenterology''': Appendicitis, Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE), Intestinal Bowel Diseases (Crohn and Ulcerative colitis), Irritable bowel syndrome, Gastric cancer, Colitis cancer
* '''Geriatrics''': Alzheimer, Memory loss, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
* '''Gynaecology''': Adenomyosis, Cervical cancer, Endometriosis, Fertility, Fibromyalgia, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Premenstrual syndrome
* '''Infectiology''': Bronchiolitis, Covid-19, Chronic wounds, Influenza, Sepsis, Prion diseases
* '''Immunology''': Allergies, Asthma, Autoimmune diseases, Dermatitis, Rhinitis, Sinusitis
* '''Intensive care medicine''': Sepsis
* '''Nephrology''': Acute kidney injury, Autoimmune kidney diseases (Glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy), Diabetic nephropathy, Lupus nephritis, Renal Transplant, Sepsis
* '''Neurology''': Headaches, Memory disorders, Ménière's disease, Migraine, Multiple sclerosis, Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Creutzfeldt–Jakob, ...), Neurological disorders, Stroke
* '''Oncology''': B-cell leukemia/lymphoma, Cervical cancer, Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Colitis cancer, Gastric cancer, Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Lymphoma, Pancreatic Cancer
* '''Ophthalmology''': Age-related macular degeneration, Diabetic retinopathy, Dry eye syndrome (DES), Glaucoma, Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
* '''Otorhinolaryngology''': Ménière's disease, Nasal polyps, Rhinosinusitis
* '''Psychiatry''': Anxiety, Bipolar disorder, Depression
* '''Pulmonology''': Asthma, Allergies, Bronchiolitis, Covid-19, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Influenza, Interstitial lung disease, Pneumocystosis, Rhinosinusitis
* '''Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI)''': Fertility
* '''Rheumatology''': Autoimmune diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Lupus, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, Giant cell arteritis), Raynaud's Disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, Septic arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
* '''Urology''': Acute kidney injury, Autoimmune kidney diseases (Glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy), Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Diabetic nephropathy, Lupus nephritis, Renal Transplant, Sepsis

== Medical conditions ==

* SE = Scientific evidence
* CTOS = Clinical Trials and Observational Studies
* PTE = Potential therapeutic effect. No studies yet done.
* PNE = Potential negative effect (unknown with helminthic therapy)
* PS = Personal stories
* UNK = Unknown

'''Concerning Personal stories'''. While anecdotes are not widely accepted as strong evidence in modern medicine, it would seem reasonable to invoke the “parachute paradigm”[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC300808/] in this case. If, like a pilot who jumps from an aeroplane and deploys a parachute, the patient is rescued from an otherwise certain fate, and if the mechanism makes perfect sense, then the anecdote should surely be taken seriously.

* Absence seizures: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Absence_seizures | PS]]
* Acne: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Acne | PS]]
* Actinic keratosis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Actinic keratosis | PS]]
* Acute coronary syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | PTE]]
* Acute kidney injury: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Acute kidney injury | SE]]
* Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease | SE]]
* Acute liver injury: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver | PTE]]
* Acute lung injury (ALI): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease | SE]]
* Addison’s disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Addison’s disease / Primary adrenal insufficiency / Hypocortisolis | PS]]
* Adenocarcinoma: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Breast_cancer | PTE]]
* Adenomyosis: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Adenomyosis | PS]]
* Adenovirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and adenovirus | ❓ PNE]]
* Adenosarcoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Adenosarcoma | PTE]]
* Adhesions: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Adhesions | PS]]
* Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Adrenal fatigue: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Adrenal fatigue | PS]]
* African trypanosomiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | PTE]]
* Aging / Ageing: [[Helminthic therapy and aging | SE, PS]]
* Alcohol dependence: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Alcohol dependence | PTE]]
* Alcohol intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Alcohol intolerance | PS]]
* Allergy: [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | SE, CTOS, PS]]
* Allodynia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Allodynia | PS]]
* Alopecia: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Alopecia areata: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | SE,PS]]
* Alzheimer's: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE,CTOS,AS]]
* American trypanosomiasis (Chagas): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Anaphylaxis: [[Helminthic therapy and allergy | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Anaemia (anemia): [[Helminthic therapy and nutritional deficiencies | PS]]
* Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Angioedema: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Angioedema | PS]]
* Ankylosing spondylitis: [[Helminthic therapy research | SE]],[[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ankylosing spondylitis | PS]]
* Anxiety: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Appendicitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Appendicitis | SE]]
* Appetite: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Arrhythmia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Arrhythmia | PS]]
* Arterial Stiffness: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Arteriosclerosis | PTE]]
* Arteriosclerosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Arteriosclerosis | PTE]]
* Arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Arteritis | PS]]
* Asthma: [[Helminthic therapy and asthma | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Arthritis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | SE,PS]]
* Arthritis, IBD-related non erosive: [[Thirteen years and counting: maintaining remission with TSO for Crohn's and IBD-related (non erosive) arthritis | PS]]
* Aspirin-induced asthma: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Aspirin-induced asthma / Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome | PS]]
* Astrovirus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and astrovirus | PNE]]
* Atherosclerosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Atherosclerosis | SE]]
* Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, ADD): [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | PS]]
* Autism: [[Helminthic therapy and autism | SE, CTOS]],[[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Autism | PS]]
* Autoimmune hepatitis: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver | SE,PS]]
* Autoimmune kidney disease: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Autoimmune kidney diseases | PS]]
* Autoimmune pain: [[Hookworms relieve chronic autoimmune pain | PS]]
* B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL): [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | SE,PTE]]
* Balanitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Balanitis | PS]]
* Barrett's Oesophagus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Barrett's Oesophagus | PS]]
* Behçet’s disease: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | PS]]
* Benign prostatic hyperplasia: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Benign prostatic hyperplasia | UNK]]
* Berger's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Bipolar disorder: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PS]]
* Bloating: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bloating | PS]]
* Blood pressure-related disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Blood pressure-related disorders | SE,PS]]
* Body temperature, poor control of: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Body temperature, poor control of | PS]]
* Bordetella Pertussis infection: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Brain fog: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#"Brain fog" | PS]]
* Brain trauma: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders | PTE]]
* Bronchiectasis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bronchiectasis | PS]]
* Bronchitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bronchitis | PS]]
* Bruising: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Bruising | PS]]
* Bladder pain: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease | SE]]
* Blood pressure: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypertension / high blood pressure | PS]]
* Body weight: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | SE]],[[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Bone healing ability, loss of in the elderly
* Burns: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Burns | SE]]
* Breast cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Breast_cancer | PTE]]
* Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Candida: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Candida | PS]]
* Car sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Car sickness | PS]]
* Cardiovascular disease: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | SE]]
* Celiac / Coeliac disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Coeliac / celiac disease | PS]]
* Cervical cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Papillomavirus induced cervical cancer | SE,PTE]]
* Chagas disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Chemical sensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chemical sensitivity | PS]]
* Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis | SE]]
* Chikungunya virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) | PTE]]
* Chemotherapy-induced pathologies: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Chronic cough: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic cough | PS]]
* Chronic fatigue syndrome (EM/CFS): [[Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS | PS]]
* Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | PS]]
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): [[Helminthic therapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | PS]]
* Chronic wounds: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Chronic wounds | SE]]
* Churg–Strauss syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Clostridium difficile infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and Clostridium difficile | PS,PTE]]
* Cognition, poor: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cognition, poor | PS]]
* Cognitive dysfunction
* Cold sore (Herpes): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and herpes | PS,❓ PNE]]
* Colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Colitis | PS]]
* Colorectal Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Colorectal cancer | SE,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Constipation: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37449458/ SE],[[Helminthic therapy and bowel function | PS]]
* Contact dermatitis: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Contact dermatitis | SE,PS]]
* COVID-19: [[Helminthic therapy and COVID-19 | SE, CTOS, PS]]
* Cracked heels: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cracked heels | PS]]
* Cramps (abdominal): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Cramps (abdominal) | PS]]
* Cranial arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Crohn's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Crohn's-Like ileitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Crohn's-Like ileitis | SE]]
* Cryptococcosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and fungus | ❓ PNE]]
* Cystic fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and cystic fibrosis | UNK]]
* Dandruff: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dandruff | PS]]
* Dementia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dementia | PS]]
* Demodex mites: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Demodex mites | PTE]]
* Dengue: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Dengue | UNK]]
* Depression / low mood: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Dermatitis
* Dermatitis herpetiformis: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Dermatitis herpetiformis | PS]]
* Dermatographia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dermatographia | PS]]
* Dermatomyositis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dermatomyositis | PS]]
* Desmoid tumors: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Desmoid tumors | UNK]]
* Developmental delay: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Developmental delay | PS]]
* Diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and diabetes | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Diabetic nephropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Diabetic nephropathy | PTE]]
* Diabetic retinopathy: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Diabetic retinopathy | PTE]]
* Diarrhea / diarrhoea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Diarrhea / diarrhoea | PS]]
* Diverticular disease (diverticulosis / diverticulitis): [[Helminthic therapy and diverticular disease | PS]]
* Dry eye syndrome (DES): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dry eye syndrome (DES) / keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) | PS]]
* Dysautonomia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Dysautonomia | PS]]
* Dyslipidemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Dyslipidemia | SE,PS]]
* Dysmenorrhoea / dysmenorrhea: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Ebola: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Ebola | UNK]]
* Eczema: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eczema / dermatitis | PS]]
* Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS): [[Helminthic therapy and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) | PS]]
* Encephalitis
* Epilepsy: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | PTE]]
* Endolymphatic hydrops: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops | PS]]
* Endometriosis: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Endometriosis | PS]]
* Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Epstein–Barr virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) | CTOS,PS]]
* Erythromelalgia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Erythromelalgia | PS]]
* Eosinophilic enterocolitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eosinophilic enterocolitis | PS]]
* Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE) | PS]]
* Escherichia coli enteropathogenic infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Escherichia coli | UNK]]
* Fatigue: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Fatigue | PS]]
* Fertility: [[Helminthic therapy and fertility | PS]]
* Fibromyalgia: [[Helminthic therapy and fibromyalgia | PS]]
* Fibrosarcoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Adenosarcoma | PTE]]
* Flavivirus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | PNE]]
* Flu: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Food allergy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Food allergy | PS]]
* Food intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Food intolerance | PS]]
* Frozen shoulder: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Gastric cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Gastric cancer | SE,CTOS]]
* Gastric ulcer: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Helicobacter pylori | SE,PS]]
* Gastroenteritis (norovirus,adenovirus): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | PNE]]
* Gastroenteritis (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Escherichia coli | UNK]]
* GERD (reflux): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#GERD (reflux) | PS]]
* Giant cell arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Giardiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and giardia infections | CTOS]]
* Glandular fever: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever | PS]]
* Glaucoma: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases#Glaucoma | PTE]]
* Glioma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | UNK]]
* Glomerulonephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Glomerulonephritis | UNK]]
* Gluten-related disorders
* Gout: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Gout arthritis | SE]]
* Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): [[Helminthic therapy and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) | SE,PTE]]
* Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Graves' disease
* Gluten ataxia: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Gluten ataxia | PS]]
* Gluten sensitivity
* Guillain–Barré syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and vaccines#Can helminths help to treat vaccine injuries? | PTE]]
* Gulf War Illness: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Gulf War Illness | PTE]]
* Gut microbiota
* Hashimoto's thyroiditis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hashimoto's thyroiditis / Graves' disease | PS]]
* Hair colour change: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Hair growth: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Hair loss: [[Helminthic therapy and hair growth | PS]]
* Headaches: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Migraine and headaches | PS]]
* Heart failure: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions | PTE]]
* Heavy metal accumulation: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Heavy metal accumulation | PTE]]
* Helicobacter pylori infection: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Helicobacter pylori infection | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Hemarthrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Hemophilic arthropathy | SE]]
* Hemophilic arthropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis#Hemophilic arthropathy | SE]]
* Henoch-Schönlein purpura: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis#Henoch-Schönlein purpura | UNK]]
* Hepatitis virus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and hepatitis virus | UNK]]
* Herpes: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminthic therapy and herpes | PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Herpes zoster: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]
* High blood pressure: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypertension / high blood pressure | PS]]
* Histamine intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Histamine intolerance | PS]]
* HIV: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and HIV | ❓ PNE]]
* HIV-Helminth co-infections cancer risk: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#HIV-Helminth co-infections and cancer risk | ❓ PNE]]
* Hives: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hives / Urticaria | PS]]
* Horton's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Hot flashes (hot flushes): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hot flashes (hot flushes) | PS]]
* Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) | ❓ PNE]]
* Huntington's disease: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | PTE]]
* Hyperactivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hyperactivity | PS]]
* Hyperemesis gravidarum
* Hypertension: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Blood pressure-related disorders | SE,PS]]
* Hyperthyroidism: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hyperthyroidism / overactive thyroid | PS]]
* Hyperuricemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Hyperuricemia | SE]]
* Hypochlorhydria: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypochlorhydria / low stomach acid | PS]]
* Hypocortisolism
* Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycaemia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycaemia | PS]]
* Hypothyroidism: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hypothyroidism / underactive thyroid | PS]]
* Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) | UNK]]
* Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | PTE]]
* Idiopathic urticaria and eczema
* IgA nephropathy (IgAN): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Ileitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Crohn's-Like ileitis | SE]]
* Ischemia-reperfusion injury: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) | SE]]
* Immune disorders
* Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) / Immune thrombocytopenia: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) | SE]]
* Infectious diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Inflammaging: [[Helminthic therapy and aging | SE]], PS
* Inflammation: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Inflammation | PS]]
* Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
* Influenza: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Insect bite reactions: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Insect bite reactions | PS]]
* Insomnia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Insomnia | PS]]
* Insulin resistance
* Interstitial cystitis (IC): [[Helminthic therapy and urologic disease#Interstitial cystitis (IC) | PS]]
* Interstitial lung disease (ILD): [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Interstitial lung disease (ILD) | PS]]
* Irritability: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Irritability | PS]]
* Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): [[Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | SE,PS]]
* Joint replacement, failure of
* Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
* Keratosis pilaris: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Keratosis pilaris | PS]]
* Kidney pathology: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Kidney pathology | PS]]
* Kuru disease: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Labyrinthitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Labyrinthitis | PS]]
* Lactose intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lactose intolerance | PS]]
* Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): [[Helminthic therapy and diabetes | PS]]
* Leaky gut syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#“Leaky gut” | PS]]
* Leg ulcers, recalcitrant
* Leishmaniasis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and leishmaniasis | PNE]]
* Leprosy: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and leprosy | PNE]]
* Leptospirosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Leptospirosis | UNK]]
* Leukemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Lewis-Sumner syndrome (LSS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | PS]]
* Lichen planus: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Lichen planus | PS]]
* Lichen sclerosus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lichen sclerosus | PS]]
* Lifespan reduction
* Listeria monocytogenes infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Listeria monocytogenes | SE]]
* Liver
* Liver Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Liver Cancer | UNK]]
* Liver fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy and the liver#Liver fibrosis | UNK]]
* Long Covid: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Long Covid | PS]]
* Low mood: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Depression | PS]]
* Lung Cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Lung Cancer | UNK]]
* Lupus: [[Helminthic therapy and lupus | SE,PS]]
* Lupus Nephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and lupus#Lupus Nephritis | SE,PS]]
* Lyme disease: [[Helminthic therapy and Lyme disease | PS]]
* Lymphocytic colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Lymphocytic colitis | PS]]
* Lymphoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Macular degeneration: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | PTE]]
* Malaria: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and malaria | SE, PTE, PNE]]
* Malnutrition: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Malnutrition | PS]]
* Mast cell disorders (MCAS, MCAD)
* Melanoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Melanoma | UNK]]
* Memory disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Memory disorders | SE,PS]]
* Memory loss: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Memory disorders | PS]]
* Menstruation: [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Microscopic colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Microscopic colitis | PS]]
* Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA): [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* Ménière's disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops | PS]]
* Menstruation (painful, irregular): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Menstruation) | PS]]
* Metabolic syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Metabolic syndrome | SE]]
* Migraine: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Migraine and headaches | CTOS,PS]]
* Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE]]
* Miscarriage
* Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) | PS]]
* Mood
* Mold (mould) illness / sensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mold (mould) illness / sensitivity | PS]]
* Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever | PS]]
* Mouth ulcers: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Mouth ulcers | PS]]
* Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) | PS]]
* Multiple sclerosis (MS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple sclerosis (MS) | PS]]
* Muscle mass loss in the elderly
* Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): [[Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS | PS]]
* Myasthenia gravis: [[Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders#Myasthenia gravis | PS]]
* Myeloma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Leukemia, myeloma and lymphoma | PTE]]
* Myocardial infarction: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Myodesopsia (floaters)
* Myopia: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Myopia | PS]]
* Narcolepsy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Narcolepsy | PS]]
* Nasal congestion: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Nasal polyps: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Neuroblastoma: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer | UNK]]
* Neurodegenerative diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases | SE,PS]]
* Neurodevelopmental disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders | SE]]
* Neurofibromatosis type I: [[Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders#Neurofibromatosis type I | PTE]]
* Neuropathic pain: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Neuropathic pain | PTE]]
* Neuropsychiatric disorders: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | SE,PS]]
* Night terror: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Night terror (sleep terror) | PS]]
* Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | SE]]
* Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) | PS]]
* Norovirus (Norwalk virus, winter vomiting disease): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and norovirus | PNE]]
* Nutritional deficiencies
* Obesity: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Obesity) | SE,PS]]
* Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Obstructive sleep apnea
* Oral health: [[Helminthic therapy and oral health | PS]]
* Organ transplantation: [[Helminthic therapy and organ transplantation | SE]]
* Osteoarthritis: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | SE,PS]]
* Osteoporosis: [[Helminthic therapy and aging#Osteoporosis | SE]]
* Ovarian cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Ovarian cancer | PTE]]
* Pain, chronic
* Palpitations: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Palpitations | PS]]
* Pancolitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Pancolitis | PS]]
* Pancreatic cancer: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Pancreatic cancer | CTOS]]
* Pancreatitis: [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#Neprilysin alias Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) (Substance P protease) | PTE]]
* PANDAS / PANS: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#PANDAS / PANS | PS]]
* Papillomavirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and papillomavirus) | SE]]
* Parkinson's disease: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Parkinson’s disease | PS]]
* Periodontitis (gum disease): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Periodontitis (gum disease) | PS]]
* Peritonitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Appendicitis | SE]]
* Pertussis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Peripheral neuropathy: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Peripheral neuropathy | PS]]
* Malaria ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and malaria | PNE]]
* Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | UNK]]
* Pemphigus: [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Pemphigus | PTE]]
* Pleurisy: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pleurisy | SE]]
* Pneumocystis pneumonia: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pneumocystosis | SE]]
* Pneumocystosis: [[Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease#Pneumocystosis | SE]]
* Pneumococcal pneumonia: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Streptococcus pneumoniae | PNE]]
* Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | SE]]
* Podocyte injury: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Podocyte injury | UNK]]
* Poisoning: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Poisoning | PTE]]
* Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | PS]]
* Polycythemia: [[Ancylostoma duodenale | SE,CTOS]]
* Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) | PS]]
* Post-stroke depression: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) | PS]]
* Powassan virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Preeclampsia
* Premature birth
* Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): [[Helminthic therapy and women's health#Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | PS]]
* Primary adrenal insufficiency
* Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): [[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases#Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) | SE,PS]]
* Prion diseases: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and prion diseases | SE]]
* Prostatitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Prostatitis | PS]]
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | SE]]
* Psoriasis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Psoriasis | PS]]
* Psoriatic arthritis (PsA): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) | PS]]
* Psychosis: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Pulmonary fibrosis: [[Helminthic therapy for well people#Pulmonary fibrosis | SE]]
* Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Hypofunction: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy and radiation therapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Radiogenic xerostomia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#Chemotherapy and radiation therapy-induced pathologies | PTE]]
* Rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN): [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#Rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) | UNK]]
* Raynaud syndrome / Raynaud's phenomenon: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Restless legs syndrome (RLS) | PS]]
* Recklinghausen syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#Neurofibromatosis type I | PTE]]
* Reperfusion injury: [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) | SE]]
* Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases | SE]]
* Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
* Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): [[Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Rhinitis: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Rhinosinusitis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and rhinovirus | UNK]]
* Rhinovirus: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and rhinovirus | UNK]]
* Rosacea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Rosacea | PS]]
* Salicylate intolerance: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Salicylate intolerance | PS]]
* Salmonella: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Salmonella | ❓ PNE]]
* Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Aspirin-induced asthma / Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome | PS]]
* Sacroiliitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sacroiliitis | PS]]
* Sarcoidosis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sarcoidosis | PS]]
* Sciatica: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sciatica | PS]]
* Scleroderma: [[Helminthic therapy and scleroderma | SE,PS]]
* Schistosomiasis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and other helminths | PTE]]
* Schizophrenia: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PS,PTE]]
* Seborrhoeic dermatitis / seborrheic dermatitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Seborrhoeic dermatitis / seborrheic dermatitis | PS]]
* Sensory hypersensitivity: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sensory hypersensitivity | PS]]
* Sepsis: [[Helminthic therapy and sepsis | SE,CTOS]]
* Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD): [[Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions#Cardiovascular disease | SE]]
* Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA): [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PS]]
* Sexual function
* Shingles / Herpes zoster: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]
* Sickle Cell Disease: [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Others | UNK]]
* Sinusitis: [[Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis | PS]]
* Sjogren's syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sjogren's syndrome | PS]]
* Sleep
* Sleep apnea: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sleep apnea | PS]]
* Sleep, problems with: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sleep, problems with | PS]]
* Sleep terror: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Night terror (sleep terror) | PS]]
* Sleeping sickness: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#SIBO | PS]]
* Stiff-person syndrome (SPS): [[Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders#Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) | PTE]]
* Still's Disease: [[Helminthic therapy and arthritis | PTE]]
* Stomach acid
* Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infection: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Streptococcus pneumoniae | PNE]]
* Stress: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Stress | PS]]
* Stroke: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Stroke | SE]]
* Suicide
* Sweet syndrome (SS): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Sweet syndrome (SS) | PS]]
* Synpharyngitic glomerulonephritis: [[Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases#IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | PS]]
* Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): [[Helminthic therapy and Lupus | SE,PS]]
* Systemic sclerosis: [[https://www.helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/Helminthic_therapy_and_scleroderma | SE,PS]]
* Systemic vasculitis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia: [[Helminthic therapy and cancer#T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia | UNK]]
* Temporal arteritis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic_vasculitis | CTOS,PS]]
* Tendinopathy (tendinitis / tendonitis): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Tendinopathy (tendinitis / tendonitis) | PS]]
* Testicular atrophy: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Testicular atrophy | PS]]
* Thyroid disease
* Tinnitus: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Tinnitus | PS]]
* Toxic shock syndrome (TSS): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | SE]]
* Toxoplasmosis: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Toxoplasma Gondii | PNE]]
* Traumatic brain injury: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Traumatic brain injury | SE]]
* Trypanosoma brucei infection (African sleeping sickness): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma brucei | PTE]]
* Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas): [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) | SE]]
* Transient ischemic attack: [[Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders#Stroke | SE]]
* Tourette Syndrome: [[Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders | PTE]]
* Travel sickness: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Travel sickness | PS]]
* Trimethylaminuria (TMAU): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) | PS]]
* Tuberculosis: [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and tuberculosis (TB) | SE,CTOS,PS,PTE,❓ PNE]]
* Type 1 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 1 diabetes (T1D) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Type 2 diabetes: [[Helminthic therapy and type 2 diabetes (T2D) | SE,CTOS,PS]]
* Ulcer, leg: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcer, leg | PS]]
* Ulcerative colitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative colitis | PS]]
* Ulcerative proctitis: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Ulcerative proctitis | PS]]
* Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) | PS]]
* Urinary tract infections (UTIs): [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Urinary tract infections (UTIs) | PS]]
* Urticaria: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Hives / Urticaria | PS]]
* Uveitis: [[Helminthic therapy and vision#Uveitis | PTE]]
* Vaccines
* Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
* Vertigo: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Vertigo | PS]]
* Vitiligo: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Vitiligo | PS]]
* Warts: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Warts | PS]]
* Weight, excess: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Weight, insufficient: [[Helminths, appetite and body weight | PS]]
* Wegener's granulomatosis: [[Helminthic therapy and systemic vasculitis | SE]]
* West Nile virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Whooping cough: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and Bordetella Pertussis | PNE]]
* Winter vomiting disease (Norovirus): ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and norovirus | PNE]]
* Wound healing: [[Helminthic therapy and skin conditions#Chronic wounds | SE]]
* Zika virus: ❓ [[Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases#Helminths and flaviviruses | PNE]]
* Zona: [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Shingles / herpes zoster | PS]]

== Steps to take for a specific condition ==

To establish whether helminths might offer therapeutic or preventive benefits for a particular disease.

Here are a few approaches, listed in order of convenience.

* '''Consult the Helminthic Therapy Wiki'''. Browse from this page and search by keywords to find testimonials or existing scientific studies.

* '''Consult self-treaters''' Ask questions in the [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/ Facebook Helminthic Therapy Support group] or within groups dedicated to the disease.

* '''Foster collective action'''. If no group or association already exists for patients with this particular disease, create one.

* '''Conduct web searches'''. Check general internet sources and scientific papers.
:: Example for Google Scholar: "(diabete OR diabetes OR diabetic OR insulin) AND (helminths OR helminth OR nippostrongylus OR polygyrus OR Heligmosomoides OR Hymenolepis OR "Necator Americanus" OR Hookworm OR Hookworms)"

* '''Investigate biological pathways'''. Research pathways associated with the disease that helminths are known to influence. Key terms include: inflammation, neuro-inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Th1/Th17, IL4, IL10, IL33, macrophages polarization M1/M2 AAM, Tregs, ILC2, LPS, TLR4, NF-κB, microbiome, SCFA, intestinal permeability, blood-brain barrier. See [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization | '''Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization''']].

* '''Conduct socio-medical studies'''. Analyze data from existing self-treaters. (See for example [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576921002063?via%3Dihub], [https://mywikis-eu-wiki-media.s3.eu-central-2.wasabisys.com/htwiki/Practices_and_outcomes_of_self-treatment_with_helminths_based_on_physicians_observations.pdf] and [https://mywikis-eu-wiki-media.s3.eu-central-2.wasabisys.com/htwiki/Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf])

* '''Perform observational studies on self-treaters'''. Examples:
** John Turton with NA [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/f/fd/Letter_-_IgE%2C_parasites%2C_and_allergy_%28Turton%29.pdf]
** Vik and P'ng Loke with TTO for colitis [https://web.archive.org/web/20160616120611/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/19/magazine/the-parasite-underground.html], [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074552113000495?via%3Dihub],[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Png_Loke/publication/49650965_IL-22_CD4_T_Cells_Are_Associated_with_Therapeutic_Trichuris_trichiura_Infection_in_an_Ulcerative_Colitis_Patient/links/00b7d535585b829413000000.pdf],[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hr4h5dm]
** another case with TTO at the University of Aarhus (Denmark) [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03079700],[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27743501/].
** a Korean case with TSO [https://www.ekjm.org/journal/view.php?number=18475 Therapy using trichuris suis ova in a patient with crohn's disease] -- [https://www.ekjm.org/upload/7405s007.pdf PDF] (Korean)
** a funny paper on T1D "It's time to mow the GRAS in type 1 diabetes" [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22025772/]
** Remember [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Marshall Barry Marshall], who won the 2005 Nobel Prize after testing a treatment for Helicobacter pylori on himself.

* '''Launch prospective observational studies'''. Collaborate with specialists working with populations naturally colonized by helminths. For instance, regarding sepsis, are individuals with helminths more resisant to this condition, as murine models suggest?

* '''Leverage naturally colonized populations'''. Conduct epidemiological studies, cross-sectional surveys, deworming programs, etc. See [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies |'''Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies''']].

* '''Conduct preclinical studies'''. Utilize animal models. See [[Helminth therapy studies in murine models#Therapeutic helminth counterparts for murine models | '''Helminth therapy studies in murine models: Therapeutic helminth counterparts for murine models''']].

* '''Initiate Phase 1 or 2 clinical trials'''. Base these on feedback and data gathered from self-treaters. See [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies |'''Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies''']].

Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)

2026-04-06T12:48:09Z

Jlm: /* Scientific papers */

{{Breadcrumb|[[Effects_of_helminthic_therapy|Effects of helminthic therapy]]}}
{{Breadcrumb|[[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases|Autoimmune diseases]]}}
{{SEO 
|title=Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=}}
== The scientific evidence ==
=== Selected scientific papers ===

* 2025 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950041/ Helminth infection induces neuroimmune remodeling and clinical remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12424815/ Full text]
:{{Quote|indent}}Fettig et al. demonstrate that infection with the helminth Trichinella spiralis elicits rapid recruitment and sustained presence of Th2 cells in the central nervous system where they modify microglia function and are implicated in resolving autoimmune-mediated paralysis and neuroinflammation.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://www.clinicsearchonline.org/uploads/articles/1731131807IJBR-RA-69-Galley_Proof.pdf Helminth infection and Multiple Sclerosis] (PDF)
:{{Quote|indent}}Clinical studies have shown that Trichuris suis ova (TSO) are a non-pathogenic in human subjects and could be a potential alternative treatment for Multiple Sclerosis patients.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747061/ Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/pdf/eoac009.pdf PDF].
::A narrative review of the literature on MS and the microbiota included consideration of how the re-introduction of complex eukaryotic symbionts, especially helminths and protists, halts the progression of RRMS by direct modulation of the host immune system, providing conclusive evidence to support the idea that the loss of eukaryotic symbionts is ''the'' pivotal evolutionary mismatch that underlies the pathogenesis and progression of MS.

* 2021 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853585/ Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/pdf/12915_2021_Article_1003.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}Overall, our data lend support to the hypothesis of a contributory role of parasite-associated alterations in gut microbial composition to the immune-modulatory properties of hookworm parasites.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2017 Mar [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28030334 Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model] (TSO)
:{{Quote|indent}}... parenteral administration of T. suis-derived products results in a skewing of the immune response with a significant impact on disease severity in a CNS inflammatory disease model.{{Quote|/indent}}

* ✅ 2015 Apr 18 [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]]. (Full text PDF)
::This socio-medical study revealed that the human hookworm, Necator americanus (NA), is extremely effective as a treatment for MS, with a success rate of approximately 50% for the progressive forms of the disease (PPMS and SPMS), and more than 90% for the relapsing-remitting form (RRMS).

* ✅ 2007 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230481 Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis] -- [[media:Association_Between_Parasite_Infection_and_Immune_Responses_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_.pdf | PDF]]
::Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070117091058.htm] and the BBC. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6268585.stm]).
::In 2007, Correale and Farez demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis who were accidentally colonised by one or more of a variety of helminth species experienced a reduced number of disease exacerbations compared with patients who were helminth-free. This was the first study to explore the effect of helminth colonisation on immune response and the natural course of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It showed that RRMS progressed much more slowly in patients who hosted intestinal worms.

=== Scientific papers ===

* 2026 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41935913/ The evolutionary origins of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0035378726004960 Full text] (Online ahead of print)

* 2026 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41813890/ Facile induction of immune tolerance by an interleukin-2-TGFβ surrogate agonist] (Nature)

* 2025 Oct 19 [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421.html A comparative study on Echinococcus granulosus and curcumin therapeutic effect in mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421_fdaa116e0fdfcad8b6d56bf7df883357.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950041/ Helminth infection induces neuroimmune remodeling and clinical remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12424815/ Full text]
:{{Quote|indent}}Fettig et al. demonstrate that infection with the helminth Trichinella spiralis elicits rapid recruitment and sustained presence of Th2 cells in the central nervous system where they modify microglia function and are implicated in resolving autoimmune-mediated paralysis and neuroinflammation.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2025 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048880/ Toxocara canis-originated recombinant C-type lectin improves the disability scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in murine in vivo models]

* 2025 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40265426/ Modulation of the Inflammatory Signature in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model through Treatment with Fasciola hepatica-Derived Recombinant Fatty Acid Binding Protein (rFh15)] -- [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4657414 Full text]

* 2025 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39950309/ An immunoregulatory amphipathic peptide derived from Fasciola hepatica helminth defense molecule (FhHDM-1.C2) exhibits potent biotherapeutic activity in a murine model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/pdf/FSB2-39-e70380.pdf PDF] (see [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/applied-molecular-parasitology-lab-ampl-dalton-lab_biotherapeutics-immunemodulation-healthinnovation-activity-7302379555372052483-kkzP/ Linkedin post])

* 2025 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39963417/ Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis]

* 2024 Feb 24 [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/c238d0b9-d1eb-4460-948c-88d0bc31e42a Impact of B cell secreted factors on myelin in progressive multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://www.clinicsearchonline.org/uploads/articles/1731131807IJBR-RA-69-Galley_Proof.pdf Helminth infection and Multiple Sclerosis] (PDF)

* 2024 Jan 29 [https://www.corpuspublishers.com/article-info/therapeutic-administration-of-trichuris--suis-ova-as-alternative-treatment-of--multiple-sclerosis%3A-a-mini-review-808 Therapeutic Administration of Trichuris Suis Ova as Alternative Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review]

* 2024 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38250940/ Modulatory Effects of Hydatid Cyst Fluid on a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/pdf/vetsci-11-00034.pdf PDF]

* 2024 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128238486000038 Effect of infections on multiple sclerosis] (chapter of Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis)
{{Expando|100+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}
* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37718988/ The immunomodulatory effects of the C-type lectin protein of Toxocara canis on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2023 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36582052/ Antigen B modulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2023 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836678/ Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/pdf/life-13-00321.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36054460/ Evaluation of the immunoregulatory effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EAE model]

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747061/ Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/pdf/eoac009.pdf PDF].
::A narrative review of the literature on MS and the microbiota included consideration of how the re-introduction of complex eukaryotic symbionts, especially helminths and protists, halts the progression of RRMS by direct modulation of the host immune system, providing conclusive evidence to support the idea that the loss of eukaryotic symbionts is ''the'' pivotal evolutionary mismatch that underlies the pathogenesis and progression of MS.

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197631/ Interleukin-35 is a critical regulator of immunity during helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517594/ Full text]

* 2021 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34691057/ Crosstalk of Microorganisms and Immune Responses in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: A Focus on Regulatory T Cells]

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33964315/ Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products downregulate MMP-9 in Dark Agouti rats affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2021 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853585/ Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/pdf/12915_2021_Article_1003.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579723/ Helminth Imprinting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Sustains Anti-Inflammatory Trained Innate Immunity That Attenuates Autoimmune Disease]

* 2021 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33993100/ The fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) decreases the clinical signs and modulates immune responses in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576921003921 Full text]

* 2021 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33572978/ The Worm-Specific Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Controlled Trichuris suis Ova Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/101/htm Full text]

* 2021 [https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:4f7dd64 Investigating the mechanism of action of a novel therapeutic derived from parasitic worms in animal models of multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2021 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/tara8/server/api/core/bitstreams/a24ea8c3-9823-4508-9969-252df2ee9508/content Helminth products promote anti-inflammatory trained innate immunity by imprinting long-term hematopoietic stem cells] (Thesis)

* 2020 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347509/ GAS6 signaling tempers Th17 development in patients with multiple sclerosis and helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/pdf/ppat.1009176.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32920871/ Dicrocoelium ova can block the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12792 Full text] ([https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-17288/v1 preprint version Mars 16])
:{{Quote|indent}}Dicrocoelium eggs have a great potential to stimulate immunomodulation towards treatment of EAE during the initial phase.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2020 Sept 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117327/ The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/pdf/fimmu-11-01830.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938979/ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with changes of the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract]

* 2020 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32872342/ An Absence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation and Associations with Disease Activity in People with Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Therapeutic Hookworm Vaccination] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/487/htm Full text]

* 2020 May 1 [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/204/1_Supplement/143.6/63767/Helminth-induced-modulation-of-neuroinflammation Helminth-induced modulation of neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517884/ Antibodies in sera from multiple sclerosis patients recognize Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigens]

* 2020 Jan-Feb [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32123528 Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis About Helminth Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041615 Full text]

* 2020 Jan 23 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31971074 A critical analysis of helminth immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 [https://www.jfi-online.org/index.php/jfi/article/view/49 Immunoregulation of Multiple Sclerosis by Helminth Therapy: A Literature Review]

* 2019 Oct 24 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683117 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2019 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683117/ Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2019 Jul 12 [https://repozitorij.unizg.hr/object/mef:2442 Uloga infekcija u multiploj sklerozi] | [https://repozitorij.mef.unizg.hr/object/mef:2442/FILE0 PDF] (Croatian, Master)

* 2019 Jul-Dec [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31579670 The endosymbiotic role of intestinal helminths in multiple sclerosis: Promising probiotic hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6767793/ Full text]

* 2019 Jul [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/1d1de1e4-4323-42fc-8e8f-2be2c5bf04c5 Modulation of immune responses by Fasciola hepatica-derived products] (Thesis)

* 2019 Apr 23 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31016721 Helminths products directly modulate T cells that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2018 Sep 12 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/102344 Paraziti a roztroušená skleróza: spouštěči onemocnění, nebo nástroj terapie?] (Bachelor thesis, Czech)

* 2017 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29163523/ Interleukin-5 Mediates Parasite-Induced Protection against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Association with Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/pdf/fimmu-08-01453.pdf PDF]

* 2017 Nov [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29068485 Is the hygiene hypothesis relevant for the risk of multiple sclerosis?]

* 2018 Oct 17 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30336585 Failure of the Anti-Inflammatory Parasitic Worm Product ES-62 to Provide Protection in Mouse Models of Type I Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2669/htm Full text]

* 2018 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Reham-Brakat/publication/342365437_Soluble_Tachyzoite_Antigen_Immunization_Can_Protect_Mice_from_Experimental_Autoimmune_Encephalomyelitis_Via_Induction_of_programmed_death-1/links/5ef10d1992851ce9e7fcaed6/Soluble-Tachyzoite-Antigen-Immunization-Can-Protect-Mice-from-Experimental-Autoimmune-Encephalomyelitis-Via-Induction-of-programmed-death-1.pdf Soluble Tachyzoite Antigen Immunization Can Protect Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Via Induction of programmed death-1]

* 2018 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/71a2e89a-875f-48f4-9bc3-d4d793f2b96c Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2017 Oct 13 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29027962 Novel Therapeutics for Multiple Sclerosis Designed by Parasitic Worms] -- [http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/10/2141/htm Full text]

* 2017 Oct 3 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28975357 The Effects of Intestinal Nematode L4 Stage on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis]

* 2017 Oct 1 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29064315 Safety and efficacy of helminth treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of the HINT 2 clinical trial] -- [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1352458517736377 PDF]
::This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.

* 2017 Sep [http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/ Human herpes virus antibody levels in helminth treated and placebo controlled multiple sclerosis patients] | [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/1/MRES%20thesis%20P%20A%20C%20Maple%2030.12.2017.pdf] (thesis)

* 2017 Fall [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948806 Toxocara spp. seronegativity in Czech patients with early form of multiple sclerosis - clinically isolated syndrome]

* 2017 Jun 28 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28744067 Helminth Products Potently Modulate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Downregulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting a Suppressive Microenvironment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/pdf/MI2017-8494572.pdf PDF])

* 2017 Jun 13 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28638627 Environmental factors influencing multiple sclerosis in Latin America] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/pdf/10.1177_2055217317715049.pdf PDF]

* 2017 Mar [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28030334 Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model] (TSO)

* 2017 Jan 17 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28094319 Helminth-induced Ly6Chi monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40814 Full text] | [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep40814 PDF]

* 2017 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28069755/ Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Autoimmunity in the Central Nervous System] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/198/2/596/106297/Influence-of-the-Gut-Microbiome-on-Autoimmunity-in Full text]

* 2017 [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/212bf6d0-3b5c-4052-88bd-6009f0480d77/content Using a parasite derived peptide to prevent immune-mediated demyelination] (Conference)

* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/02e12501-59a3-43f0-8952-017cc8effe2f Efecto del antígeno secretado/excretado de alto peso molecular por Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, spanish)

* 2016 Nov 24 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27883079 A parasite-derived 68-mer peptide ameliorates autoimmune disease in murine models of Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep37789 Full text] | [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep37789 PDF]

* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27256565/ Depletion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells confers susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in GM-CSF-deficient Csf2-/- mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/27256565/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014742/ PDF]

* 2026 Jun 28 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/17936 Exploration of helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules as options for therapeutic intervention in allograft rejection and autoimmune disease] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/17936/Johnston2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis, Edinburgh)

* 2016 May 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_11 Intestinal Parasites and Immunomodulation in Neuroinflammatory Disease] (chapter of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology)

* 2016 Mar 10 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965184 Immune-regulatory mechanisms of classical and experimental multiple sclerosis drugs: a special focus on helminth-derived treatments]

* 2016 Jan 21 [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10601333.2016.1210159 Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships] | [[media:Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships.pdf | PDF]]

* 2016 Sept 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579126/ Acute Strongyloides venezuelensis infection did not prevent EAE development: implications for hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.msptm.org/files/Vol33No3/526-534-Sartori-A.pdf PDF]

* 2015 Dec 16 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26673140 Helminth Products Protect against Autoimmunity via Innate Type 2 Cytokines IL-5 and IL-33, Which Promote Eosinophilia]

* 2015 Nov [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698173 Trichuris suis ova therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis is safe but without signals of beneficial effect]
::This study used a treatment period of only 12 weeks, which is inadequate when assessing the efficacy of helminths, and it also used a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO above pH4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.

* 2015 Jul 25 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26205402 Trichuris suis induces human non-classical patrolling monocytes via the mannose receptor and PKC: implications for multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/pdf/40478_2015_Article_223.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* ✅ 2015 Apr 18 [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]]. (Full text PDF)
::This socio-medical study revealed that the human hookworm, Necator americanus (NA), is extremely effective as a treatment for MS, with a success rate of approximately 50% for the progressive forms of the disease (PPMS and SPMS), and more than 90% for the relapsing-remitting form (RRMS).

* 2015 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046559 Multiple sclerosis and environmental factors: the role of vitamin D, parasites, and Epstein-Barr virus infection]

* 2014 Dec 4 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25472634 Helminth Therapy for MS] (multiple sclerosis)

* 2014 Nov [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981042 Helminth therapy or elimination: epidemiological, immunological, and clinical considerations]

* 2014 Oct 15 [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(14)00465-2/abstract Effects of soluble helminth components on human monocytes and macrophages in neuroinflammation].
:{{Quote|indent}}Overall, our data reveal a potent anti-inflammatory effect of soluble products of T. suis on human myeloid cells, thereby providing increased mechanistic insight into the therapeutical potential of this helminth for MS patients.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2014 Jun [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744099 Helminth/Parasite treatment of multiple sclerosis]

* 2014 Apr 29 - TSO PH5 - HINT 2 - [http://www.neurology.org/content/82/10_Supplement/P3.149 Clinical Trial of Helminth-induced Immunomodulatory Therapy (HINT 2) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.149)] (TSO).
::This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
::('''NB''' the phase 1 (HINT1 with TSO PH 2.3 was successfull: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21372112/ Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/pdf/nihms536054.pdf PDF])

* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25015286/ Regulatory B cells, helminths, and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-1161-5_18 Full text] (Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology)

* 2013 Dec 19 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24351232 Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) in multiple sclerosis patients with Trichuris suis ova therapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/pdf/parasite-20-55.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2013 Oct 1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975865 Parasite infections in multiple sclerosis modulate immune responses through a retinoic acid-dependent pathway] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.full.pdf PDF]

* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23307236/ Application of dendritic cells stimulated with Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00430-012-0286-6 Full text]

* 2013 April 25 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23782752 Trichuris suis ova in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome (TRIOMS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/ Full text] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/pdf/1745-6215-14-112.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227936/ Immunomodulatory effects of helminths and protozoa in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12023 Full text]

* 2013 Mar [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298637 Helminth therapy and multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003153 Full text]

* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/7db144c3-cd42-4212-b7de-6a4f14d2c854 Immune modulation by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/394dd174-f6f1-4655-b2ba-d75137bf7606 Immunomodulatory activity of products from the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2012 Oct [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22898371 Heligmosomoides polygyrus: EAE remission is correlated with different systemic cytokine profiles provoked by L4 and adult nematodes]

* 2012 Sept [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838960 Immune monitoring of Trichuris suis egg therapy in multiple sclerosis patients] (TSO in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS))

* 2012 Aug 24 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937527 Does helminth activation of toll-like receptors modulate immune response in multiple sclerosis patients?] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/pdf/fcimb-02-00112.pdf PDF]

* 2012 Jun [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22482518 Soluble helminth products suppress clinical signs in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and differentially modulate human dendritic cell activation]

* 2012 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509512/ Alternative therapies: Desperate measures] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11099 Full text] (Nature)

* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22264636/ Immune modulation by Lacto-N-fucopentaose III in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/pdf/nihms346981.pdf]

* 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22047987/ Neuroprotective potential beyond immunoregulation of helminth infection as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987711005147 Full text]

* 2011 Oct [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980148 The impact of environmental infections (parasites) on MS activity]

* 2011 Apr [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295861 Helminths and multiple sclerosis: will old friends give us new treatments for MS?] (No abstract)

* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477142/ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution was not modified by multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01279.x Full text]

* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21185554/ Taenia crassiceps infection abrogates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000887491000290X?via%3Dihub Full text].
:{{Quote|indent}}The Taenia crassiceps-induced immune regulation decreased experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity by dampening T cell activation, proliferation and migration to the CNS.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2011 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/ddbe0211-0bc9-462e-ab90-2c32306f211e Inmunoregulación por el céstodo Taenia Crassiceps y su efecto sobre el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2010 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20661746/ Infection of non-encapsulated species of Trichinella ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis involving suppression of Th17 and Th1 response] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-010-1985-9 Full text]

* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20306466/ Helminth-induced CD19+CD23hi B cells modulate experimental allergic and autoimmune inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/pdf/eji0040-1682.pdf PDF]

* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20500676/ Mechanisms of modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by chronic Trichinella spiralis infection in Dark Agouti rats] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01207.x Full text]

* 2010 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Mechanisms_Involved_in_Type_II_Macrophage_Activation_and_Effector_Functions/16973755?file=31397923 Mechanisms Involved in Type II Macrophage Activation and Effector Functions] (Master, Malaghan)

* 2009 Nov 1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812189 Helminth antigens modulate immune responses in cells from multiple sclerosis patients through TLR2-dependent mechanisms] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.full.pdf PDF]

* 2009 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587018/ Infection with a Helminth Parasite Attenuates Autoimmunity through TGF-β-Mediated Suppression of Th17 and Th1 Responses] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.full.pdf PDF]

* 2009 Mar 5 [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01470521?term=WIRMS&rank=1 Worms for Immune Regulation of Multiple Sclerosis (WIRMS)]
::Proposal for the first Phase 2 trial using a controlled number of Necator americanus in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. (Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090304091818.htm] and the Mail Online. [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2108228/Parasitic-worms-offer-hope-cure-multiple-sclerosis.html?ito=feeds-newsxml]) (NA)

* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20477636/ Parasite immunomodulation in autoimmune disease: focus on multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/eci.09.39 Full text]

* 2009 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/254d42ef-7bb3-4b3d-8e2f-46d207221bd3 Regulatory T cell induction and function] (Thesis)

* 2008 Aug [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18655096 Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells]

* 2008 Jul [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18578001 The role of regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis]

* 2008 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18226814/ Trichinella spiralis: modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489407003141?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2008 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18207251 Soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma japonicum modulates the progression of chronic progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via Th2-shift response]

* 2007 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18209931/ Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development in Lewis rats from a conventional animal facility] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/YP6HmL6fSnbZkKSqSdYGvhz/?lang=en Full text]

* ✅ 2007 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230481 Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis] -- [[media:Association_Between_Parasite_Infection_and_Immune_Responses_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_.pdf | PDF]]
::Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070117091058.htm] and the BBC. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6268585.stm]).
::In 2007, Correale and Farez demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis who were accidentally colonised by one or more of a variety of helminth species experienced a reduced number of disease exacerbations compared with patients who were helminth-free. This was the first study to explore the effect of helminth colonisation on immune response and the natural course of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It showed that '''RRMS progressed much more slowly in patients who hosted intestinal worms'''.

* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17499858/ Paralysis of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell response in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(07)00123-3/abstract Full text]

* 2006 Dec 12 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17159130 Multiple sclerosis and the hygiene hypothesis]

* 2005 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16183661/ Role of return migration in the emergence of multiple sclerosis in the French West Indies]

* 2004 Nov [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/592d17b9-4d83-4ed2-949b-9fd06bb2440f Hygiene hypothesis-helminth infection and immune regulation] (Thesis, Edinburgh)

* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486632/ Schistosomiasis protects against multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/57rccxQr5bndK9xbnNLYfwq/?lang=en&format=html Full text]

* 2003 Sept [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12933842 Schistosomiasis decreases central nervous system inflammation and alters the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/pdf/0223.pdf PDF]

* 2003 Jan [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12502726 Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by helminth ova immunization] -- [http://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.long Full text] | [http://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.full.pdf PDF]

* 2002 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12008041/ Immunoregulation of CNS autoimmunity by helminth and mycobacterial infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165247802000251?via%3Dihub Full text]

'''Ongoing research projects:'''

* 2023-2026 - [https://mscanada.ca/ms-research/our-research-program/research-studies-we-fund/leveraging-helminth-infection-to-limit Leveraging helminth infection to limit neuroinflammation in MS] (Dr. Lisa Osborne, University of British Columbia)

'''See also''' (not directly related)

* 2026 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41529217/ Interleukin-9 Regulates NF-kB-Mediated Activation of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Brain]
* 2026 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41680537/ Innate lymphoid cells: unsung heroes or villains in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis?]
* 2025 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41341415/ Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hsr2.71564 Full text]
* 2025 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41268269/ The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries]
* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38446328/ Involvement of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis-review of a new pathophysiological hypothesis and potential treatment target]
* 2024 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39169949/ Interleukin-10 contrasts inflammatory synaptopathy and central neurodegenerative damage in multiple sclerosis]
* 2024 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39082295/ Changes in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Based on 16s rRNA Gene Sequencing Technology: A Review and Meta-Analysis]
* 2024 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38051890/ Gut flora in multiple sclerosis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment]
* 2024 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38745307/ Interleukin-9 protects from microglia- and TNF-mediated synaptotoxicity in experimental multiple sclerosis]
* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38880650/ Microglia and Dendritic Cells as a Source of IL-6 in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2023 Aug 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37600781/ Under the influence: environmental factors as modulators of neuroinflammation through the IL-10/IL-10R axis]
* 2023 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36300567/ Cell therapy procedure using anti-inflammatory macrophage M2 can potentially reduce Clinical Score in animals with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis study]
* 2023 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768183/ Role of Microglial Cells in the Pathophysiology of MS: Synergistic or Antagonistic?]
* 2022 May 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35627315/ Gut Microbiota as a Potential Predictive Biomarker in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2022 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35327624/ Multiple Sclerosis and Microbiome]
* 2022 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35094961/ Alterations of host-gut microbiome interactions in multiple sclerosis]
* 2022 Jan-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36184742/ Myeloid-derived suppressor cells prevent disruption of the gut barrier, preserve microbiota composition, and potentiate immunoregulatory pathways in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2022 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35931825/ The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis]
* 2021 Dec 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34926318/ Curcumin β-D-Glucuronide Modulates an Autoimmune Model of Multiple Sclerosis with Altered Gut Microbiota in the Ileum and Feces]
* 2021 Nov 29 [https://open.fau.de/items/3f1ac799-11f9-4729-bea9-a538cf5f89dc Die Wirkung von Propionat auf die Laurat-vermittelte Exazerbation der Neuroinflammation] (Thesis, Erlangen-Nürnberg, German)
* 2021 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33775860/ Direct and indirect effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis]
* 2021 May 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33975914/ Perturbed Microbiota/Immune Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2021 [http://hdl.handle.net/10451/47932 MicroRNA determinants of the balance between effector and regulatory CD4+ T cells] (Thesis, Lisbon)
* 2020 Sep [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/bn999c31n?locale=en Regulation of immune system homeostasis by vitamin D signaling:implications for the central nervous system] (Thesis, McGill)
* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32162850/ Gut microbiome variation is associated to Multiple Sclerosis phenotypic subtypes]
* 2019 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31888483/ Primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a Russian cohort: relationship with gut bacterial diversity]
* 2017 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27189037/ Behavioral assessment of neuropathic pain, fatigue, and anxiety in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and attenuation by interleukin-10 gene therapy]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27176462/ Gut microbiota in early pediatric multiple sclerosis: a case-control study]
* 2015 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26367776/ Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters]
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25446571/ The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases]
* 2015 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282335/ Neutralizing IL-17 protects the optic nerve from autoimmune pathology and prevents retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2015 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/7a7a77a0-23ba-4e89-9ecf-88f4631518aa The role of T cell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2013 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23664544/ High interleukin-10 expression within the central nervous system may be important for initiation of recovery of Dark Agouti rats from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2011 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21091909/ Oestrogen-mediated protection of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the absence of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells implicates compensatory pathways including regulatory B cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3044900/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3044900/pdf/imm0132-0340.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20810983/ Discrete TCR repertoires and CDR3 features distinguish effector and Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2944006/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2944006/pdf/nihms226245.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20624940/ Regulatory B cells (B10 cells) and regulatory T cells have independent roles in controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis initiation and late-phase immunopathogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3717968/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3717968/pdf/nihms-495305.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jun 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19428125/ Lack of TIMP-1 increases severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Effects of darbepoetin alfa on TIMP-1 null and wild-type mice]
* 2006 Jul 4 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/da027c2f-fa72-4021-9807-1e15f5a65f48 In vivo und in vitro Immunregulation durch T- und B-Lymphozyten] (Thesis, Humboldt Berlin, German)
* 1996 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8823381/ Cytokines in relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats: persistent mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and absent expression of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta]

Helminths with negative effects

* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36050813/ Toxocara canis infection worsens the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice]
{{Expando}}

For more research on helminths, see [[Helminthic therapy research | '''Helminthic therapy research''']].

=== Clinical Trials and observational studies ===

See [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Multiple sclerosis | '''Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies: Multiple sclerosis''']]

== Comments by researchers ==

{{Quote|indent}}In developed countries, where we are well nourished, worms are potentially good. If I had Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or multiple sclerosis, I would infect myself without hesitation. (Prof Alex Loukas, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine) [https://lifeonus.vhx.tv]{{Quote|/indent}}

For more comments by researchers about helminthic therapy in general, see the following list.

* [[Helminthic therapy research#What researchers say about helminthic therapy | '''What researchers say about helminthic therapy''']]

== Media Coverage ==

* 2019 Aug 30 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-MfF2u5GR0 Helminths for Celiac Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Other Autoimmune Diseases] - Mark Davis (Youtube)
* 2016 Jul 1 [http://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-think-parasitic-worms-could-be-the-key-to-treating-multiple-sclerosis Scientists want to use parasitic worms to treat multiple sclerosis] - Jacinta Bowler, ScienceAlert
* 2016 Apr 11 [http://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2016/04/11/meet-the-parasites-that-might-cure-crohns-disease-ms-and-more/#381fe6722e3f Meet The Parasites That Might Cure Crohn's Disease, MS, And More] - Tirumalai Kamala, Forbes and Quora.
* 2016 [http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319297149?wt_mc=ThirdParty.SpringerLink.3.EPR653.About_eBook Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine: From Research to Policy and Practice.] Ed: Alvergne, Jenkinson and Faurie. This book, which is [https://www.amazon.com/Evolutionary-Thinking-Medicine-Research-Behaviour/dp/3319297147/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1468875756&sr=8-1&keywords=Evolutionary+Thinking+in+Medicine available from Amazon], contains a chapter by Jorge Correale (“Helminth Immunoregulation and Multiple Sclerosis Treatment”) and one by Gabriele Sorci, et al., entitled, “Microbes, Parasites and Immune Diseases” (page 211 in Part VI: Immunology). This latter chapter is available, in full, as a FREE download via a link in the Table of Contents on [http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-29716-3 this page]. (book)
* 2011 Jun 28 [http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304314404576413303666083390 Parasitic Worms May Offer Hope on MS] - Sten Stovall, Wall Street Journal
* 2008 Jul 10 [https://evmedreview.com/pig-worms-and-multiple-sclerosis-the-unintended-consequences-of-hygiene/ Pig worms and multiple sclerosis: the unintended consequences of hygiene] - Stephen Stearns, Evolution and Medicine Review

== The anecdotal evidence ==

* Three annual reports by the same person:
** "... this is the first April I have been attack free." (Link expired)
** "This is my second MS season... attack free!" (Link expired)
** "... its been just over three years since receiving hookworm therapy and... my MS and allergies are still in complete remission!" (Link expired)

* Two reports by a different individual, written nine months apart.
** "In summary I will say that without a doubt it has been a success for me." (Link expired)
** “So far my hookworm experience in fighting my Relapse Remitting MS has been great! I would say awesome even.” (Link expired)

* The following reports were posted by yet another person, nearly three years apart.
** "It has been 3 years since my last relapse. And since I've had hookworms, all left over traces from my last relapse have disappeared completely… I think that the hookworms have stopped any disease activity and that has allowed my brain time to heal… I'm incredibly happy and relieved with the results, and I encourage anyone with MS to get treated with helminths, the sooner the better.” (Link expired)
** “I've been on HT for almost 4 years now, and I still have not had a relapse or any new or active lesions on my yearly MRI's.” (Link expired)

* "I followed Swank/Jelinek's diet when I was diagnosed eight years ago (2003) and I believe the diet made a huge difference for me but the hookworms stopped my ms progression 100%" (Reported to a closed group, Sept 2011)

* "I realized - after a few comments from friends - that I had stopped craving ADD drugs like Vyvanse and Adderall for their sheer energizing effect, stopped drinking – ready for this? – a pot and a half of coffee a day. I had more energy than I have had in something like 15 years. The afternoon fatigue wasn’t there as strongly – still there but reduced in its ability to floor me. I didn’t wake up tired and ready to go back to bed… All in all, I'm a happy girl so far. To have some energy back - not complete but so, so much better - is beyond joyful." (Reported by an MS patient, 4 months after inoculation, in a private discussion, Dec 2011.)

* "… had 3rd top up last week and since then almost symptom free - just slight nerve fatigue towards end of the day." (Reported in a private discussion, Feb 2012)

* "… while my M.S. hasn't disappeared, I've been consistently stronger with no long weak periods, no more daily or every other day elevated temperature leading to falling and exhaustion, and I'm starting to remember what feeling "normal" feels like..." (Link expired)

* "Two months after I took the hookworms, all my MS symptoms vanished. I have not had a relapse or any kind of MS activity since I started hookworm therapy. Every brain MRI that I have had (4 of them) has shown no active lesions and no new lesions. In fact, a few lesions have actually disappeared… As far as I am concerned, hookworm therapy has been a total success so far, and I recommend it to anyone with MS." (Link expired)

* "I am on Necator Americanus starting in September 2007. I reached complete remission in six months. I'm happy to report my MS is still in remission!" (Reported to a closed group, Nov 2012)

* The following two reports are by the same blogger, two years apart.
** “… my MS has pretty much been benign since my initial diagnosis almost 5 years ago; I have still had what I call “ghost symptoms” from time to time. These are not real relapses. They happen when I get overheated or have a fever. The body mimics MS symptoms like tingling in the feet or hands and extreme fatigue. Since my wormies moved in, I’ve experienced none of these. I have been able to be out in the heat of the summer without problems. In a lot of ways, the last 6 months have been absolutely fantastic!” [http://moderndaym.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/hooked-up.html]
** "My MS has been pretty much non-existent. So much so that some days I can almost forget about it… When I take a step back to analyze where I am health wise now as opposed to where I was 2 or more years ago, the results truly have been life changing." [http://moderndaym.blogspot.co.uk/2013/05/still-hooked.html]

* "18 months so far. Nothing to report! All symptoms have disappeared late summer of 2011 and since it's all quiet. Is there anything else to add?" (Reported to a closed group, Jan 2013)

* "My most recent MRI… showed no new disease activity over the last year. Yay! Over the last two years I have made numerous life changes including beginning a disease modifying therapy, helminthic therapy, a transition to a pesco-vegetarian diet, stress reduction techniques, and regular exercise. My doctor is telling me to keep doing the same stuff, including the helminthic therapy." (Reported Mar 2013, two years after diagnosis, following inoculations with a total of 135 hookworm larvae.)

* ☹️ "Since I'm not having the desired effect for my MS from the 230 HW I've been hosting for more than two years, and the 1500 WW I've been hosting for about a year, I'm considering terminating them and trying TSO for a while." (Link expired)

* "Have been inoculated with hookworms since Sept of 2011. Dietary changes were made years ago and I now have been off any MS medication for over 2 months and am feeling and doing very well." (Reported to a closed group, July 2013)

* "Since my second "dose" I can now lift my left leg which I couldn't do before. I actually can walk around without my cane at times. In fact, the other day I was walking around my daughter-in-law's home and my grandson tells me "Grandma, you aren't using your cane". I didn't even realize that I wasn't using it. I can feel that this therapy is working and I am slowly getting stronger. I now feel like I have hope for a better future with being able to function better." (Reported in a private message, July 2013)

* “The more important results were my M.S. results which I have responded very well to. I have not had any symptoms since one month after inoculation…now I do not need MS meds or anything.. They are truly a miracle for me..” (Link expired)

* “Coming up to 3 year anniversary of starting Helminthic therapy. Overall things very good. No significant relapses. Holding down very well paid job and loving it.” (Posted to a closed group, Jan 2014)

* The following reports are all from one individual who was diagnosed in 2012 and has hosted NA since 2013.
** “Had my MRI results this week (after 3 inoculations with NA) and compared them to 2 years ago. My brain lesions have disappeared… I am taking no MS meds, just Paleo diet and 20,000 ius Vitamin D daily. My gait has improved and neurologist tested it this week. I am full of energy and back in full time work.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/614921948563764/?qa_ref=pp&comment_id=673178322738126&offset=0&total_comments=43]
** “All the MRI’s this year (2018) showed no active lesions and no new brain lesions. I have had lots of energy, I am working and even took up Tango! I dance 💃🏻 for hours in 3 inch stilettos 👠!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=1920174818038464&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R3%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=1920176598038286&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]
** “After 7 years of only Helminthic Therapy, I am (still) in remission from MS!!!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=2503104803078793]
** "Got my results for my 10th year MRI’s. The results from the brain, cervical and thoracic images with and without contrast show no new or active lesions once more! Feeling grateful for my helminth population!!! I have only inoculated with hookworms in all these years. I have had no antibiotics, nor steroids, nor medicine!!! I love my old friends!" [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5591839860871923/]

* ☹️ "Unfortunately, I am not a success story with helminthic therapy. I was diagnosed 20 years ago with RRMS, but my condition has since progressed to SPMS. I had hookworms for about three years. It completely cured my allergies, but my multiple sclerosis did not improve. During the three years, I experimented with many different doses of hookworm and found that my MS symptoms were continuing to progress slowly. In 2012 or 2013, I got a severe stomach bug and had the worst MS attack of my life. After that, I stopped trying HT and continued back onto disease modifying medication." (Via private message.)

* “What a difference a year and 12 hookworms can make! Yesterday I went snowboarding!!!! Woo!!! Last time I tried that was 13 months ago, and it didn't go well. But yesterday went great! Nerve pain in my feet has diminished so I could wear boots. My fatigue and depression have eased. Had no vertigo. I could control my legs and my eyes were rock solid steady. I could wear contact lenses (first time in 1.5 years.) And I could even breathe.” (Link expired)

* “I have very mild MS. I saw total remission with hookworms about 8 years ago, and haven’t had a serious exacerbation since.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1862114863844460/?comment_id=1862139977175282&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R1%22%7D]

* “I've also been using NA for MS, and I think it helps quite a bit.” (Link expired)

* “I have had MS for 10 years, and NA for 3 years without any issues. Prior to NA, relapses came every 6-8 months. Now, since the NA, I have not had a relapse. That’s 3 years with greatly reduced symptoms, including pain. I cannot encourage people enough to get on board with this alternative to standard medicine. It can be in addition to your current treatment too.” (Link expired)

* "I have been on HDC for MS for 6 months. I started slowly on 30 HDC every 2 weeks and stayed on this for a few months. I have good weeks and bad weeks with symptoms which relate to the phases in my monthly cycle, and I found my bad weeks were better than I would expect. After developing a new symptom, I stopped the HDC for 6-8 weeks to see if this was causing it. It wasn’t, and I noticed I was worse in the bad phases of my cycle, so I restarted the HDC. Before that, I had got up to 50 HDC every 2 weeks, and I resumed at that dose for a month. Then I increased it to 100 HDC every 2 weeks. I don’t think I’ve found my optimal dose yet, but there is definitely a positive effect happening for me and, yesterday, my osteopath commented on how well I was walking." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5197543453634901/ this post].)

* "My sister in law has MS and RA, and she’s been in remission since getting on NA with a small amount of TSO." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5927173557338550?comment_id=5929200120469227]

* "I have RRMS. I was in a clinical trial years ago and took TSO. I started with 5 brain lesions and 10 months later had 0. I felt great I was so pleased… Since then I have taken no meds. My MS has only shown one new lesion a few years ago." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6053229198066318/]

'''Reporting your own experience'''

To report your personal experience of using helminthic therapy to treat MS, please use our bespoke [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScO0jHIbjDpjuHxqM0bYuM6MrYvra2KQfkjx2cn99ub50tW5Q/viewform '''reporting tool'''].

== The best helminth species to treat MS ==

In 2015, [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf |Cheng et al]], reported that:
{{Quote|indent}}NA is extremely effective at treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, with a success rate exceeding 90%. The success rate for treating progressive multiple sclerosis is less, at about 50% (source: provider interview).{{Quote|/indent}}

This study found a couple of individuals who had used HDC to treat MS. One of them reported a 40% success rate using HDC alone, while the other reported 100% success by combining HDC with NA. Seven NA users with RRMS all reported a 100% success rate, as did someone who combined TSO with NA.

The MS personal stories reported in this wiki are almost exclusively from NA hosts (see, [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple sclerosis (MS) | '''Helminthic therapy personal stories: MS''']]), so NA is clearly the go-to species for MS. For details of how to use NA, see [[Self-treating with NA |'''Self-treating with NA''']].

==Further reading==

Given that helminthic therapy can take a while to begin producing benefits (occasionally up to 2 years in the case of NA [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/index.php/Hookworm_dosing_and_response#Consistent_improvement_can_begin_anytime_from_3_to_24_months]), it can help to have alternative treatment options to turn to while waiting for the worms to begin to work. The following document contains a wide range of alternative, mostly science-based, natural approaches.

* [[media:Alternative_therapeutic_approaches_for_MS.pdf | '''Alternative therapeutic approaches for MS''']] (PDF)

* 2024 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39329016/ Systematic review of photobiomodulation for multiple sclerosis]

Helminthic therapy research

2026-04-06T12:48:02Z

Jlm: /* 2024 */

{{Breadcrumb}}
{{SEO 
|title=Helminthic therapy research
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}
This page lists over 2,000 papers and reports of scientific studies relating to helminthic therapy and closely associated topics such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene_hypothesis Hygiene Hypothesis], the [https://evmedreview.com/?p=103 Old Friends' Hypothesis], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_theory Evolutionary Mismatch Theory] and [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741180 Biome Depletion Theory] / [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133248 Biota Alteration Theory].

There are four organisms being used currently in helminthic therapy.

* Human hookworm, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necator_americanus Necator americanus] (NA)
* Human whipworm, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichuris_trichiura Trichuris trichiura] (TTO)
* Pig whipworm, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichuris_suis Trichuris suis] (TSO)
* Rat tapeworm, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenolepis_diminuta Hymenolepis diminuta] (HDC)

Some of the reports and papers listed below have focussed on the effects of other species of helminth, or molecules derived from them, but all are nevertheless valuable for the insights they provide about the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of helminths.

<div class="toclimit-2">__TOC__</div>

<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA; border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:26px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #BFA3AF;background-color:#F2CEDD;padding-left:8px;"><h2 style = "margin-top:10px;border:0px solid #CEDFF2;">What researchers say about helminthic therapy</h2></div>

The following quotes illustrate the thinking among researchers who have investigated the therapeutic use of living helminths.

{{Quote|indent}}Although some helminths are known to cause disease and have been labeled parasites, it is now clear that some exposure to this class of organisms is necessary for human health. (Bono-Lunn et al) [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10601333.2016.1210159]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}The results strongly support previous indications that helminth therapy can effectively treat a wide range of allergies, autoimmune conditions and neuropsychiatric disorders. (Liu et al) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27240605/]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}What was a costly and sometimes risky venture into the unknown, undertaken by only a few 10 years ago, is rapidly becoming a readily available and well-established resource currently used by thousands of individuals. (Cheng et al, 2015) [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | (PDF)]]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}Although self-treatment with helminths cannot be recommended by medical professionals due to a lack of blinded, placebo controlled trials, neither should it be discouraged since the available evidence suggests that it is beneficial in most cases when practiced by knowledgeable individuals. (Parker and Morey) [https://evmedreview.com/progress-on-reconstituting-the-depleted-biome-to-prevent-immune-disorders/]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}In developed countries, where we are well nourished, worms are potentially good. If I had Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or multiple sclerosis, I would infect myself without hesitation. (Prof Alex Loukas, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine) [https://lifeonus.vhx.tv]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}Some patients with milder disease or more inclined for natural treatments may consider this as an option. (Prof Constantinescu, Nottingham University, commenting about Multiple Sclerosis.) [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200618150223.htm]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}All immunocompetent humans need regular exposure to helminths in order to maintain optimal immune function and avoid risk for inflammation-associated disease… access to helminths is a basic human need. (Smyth et al) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29064448]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}We need to embrace the view that helminths are a necessary component of the ecosystem of a healthy body, and that helminths should be cultivated for population-wide biota restoration. (Villeneuve et al) [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457917301855?via%3Dihub]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}Biome reconstitution… holds a promise for exposure of all individuals to naturally occurring organisms or selected variants of those organisms in a way that is required for human health. Such exposure must be considered a fundamental human right worthy of government support rather than an option for pharmaceutical development. (Parker and Ollerton) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24481190]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}In some not too distant futurity, there may come a day when we all take ‘helminth supplements’ along with our Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins, and whatever else goes to make up a modern balanced diet. (Zaccone et al) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965287]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}Twenty years from now everybody is going to have a helminth, and no insurance company will begin to cover you if you don’t have your helminths. We’re very confident in the science, that every single human being needs a helminth. It’s part of our biology. (Prof William Parker) [https://web.archive.org/web/20221227042743/https://centerforhealthjournalism.org/fellowships/projects/hooked-hookworms-and-other-parasites]{{Quote|/indent}}
</div>

<div style="background-color:#F5FAFF; border: 1px solid #CEDFF2; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:26px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #A3B0BF;background-color:#CEDFF2;padding-left:8px;"><h2 style = "margin-top:10px;border:0px solid #CEDFF2;">Reading packet</h2></div>
These selected papers provide a good overview of the potential of helminthic therapy and would be suitable resources to include in a reading packet to be given to a doctor or other medical professional, or to someone who is unaware of the evidence and rationale for helminthic therapy. The first three papers provide validation for the practice of self-treatment with helminths.

* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576921002063?via%3Dihub Socio-medical studies of individuals self-treating with helminths provide insight into clinical trial design for assessing helminth therapy] (2022)<br>This study's findings suggested that information gathered by the helminthic therapy self-treatment community may be critical for public health in offering a solution to the helminth deficiency that is a fundamental cause of disease in Western society.

* [[media:Practices_and_outcomes_of_self-treatment_with_helminths_based_on_physicians_observations.pdf | Practices and outcomes of self-treatment with helminths based on physicians' observations]] (PDF) (2016)<br>The first study to examine, through the eyes of their physicians, the practices and experiences of individuals who are self-treating with helminths.

* [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]] (PDF) (2015)<br>This study probes the methods and outcomes reported by individuals who are self-treating with helminths and is an ideal basis for discussion between patients and their physicians.

* [https://www.yourwildlife.org/2015/05/ecological-medicine-can-parasitic-worms-cure-us-of-our-modern-pandemics/ Ecological Medicine: Can intestinal worms cure us of our modern pandemics?] (2015)<br>An excellent article in its own right, this is also a good introduction to the paper immediately above.

* [https://jeffollerton.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/parker-and-ollerton-2013-biome-reonstitution-emph.pdf Evolutionary biology and anthropology suggest biome reconstitution as a necessary approach toward dealing with immune disorders] (2013)<br>Explains how the modern pandemics of autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic diseases are due to the loss of species - especially helminths - from the human ecosystem.

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744090/?report=classic Helminth–host immunological interactions: prevention and control of immune-mediated diseases] (2012)<br>Summarises the science underpinning helminthic therapy.

* [https://evmedreview.com/reconstituting-the-depleted-biome-to-prevent-immune-disorders/ Reconstituting the depleted biome to prevent immune disorders] (2010)<br>Explains why replacing absent "old friends" may be the only reasonable therapy for a wide range of immune-associated disorders, including allergy, autoimmunity and autism.
</div>
<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:26px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #BFA3AF;background-color:#F2CEDD;padding-left:8px;"><h2 style = "margin-top:10px;border:0px solid #CEDFF2;">Tips for searching the list of papers and articles</h2></div>

Symbols used in the list of documents:
* ✅ - A key paper/report in the development of the therapeutic use of helminths
* ⚡ - A good place to start if you are new to helminthic therapy, or if you are looking for resources that would help someone else to understand the therapy.

If you are interested in helminthic therapy in relation to a particular medical condition, use your device’s search
function (the 'Command' and 'F' keys on a desktop or laptop, or 'Find in page' in the drop-down menu from the three dots icon on a mobile) to locate the items that are relevant to that disease. Several conditions will require the use of more than
one search term, for example:
{{Columns|3}}
* '''Allergies''' - search for “allerg”, “atopy” and “anaphylaxis”
* '''Anemia''' - search for “anemia” and “anaemia”
* '''Arthritis''' - search for ”arthrit” and “joint”
* '''Asthma''' - search for “asthma”, “airway” and “wheeze”
* '''Autism''' - search for “autism” and “ASD”
* '''Celiac disease''' - search for “celiac” and “coeliac”
* '''Crohn’s disease''' - search for “Crohn”, “bowel” and “IBD”
* '''Diabetes''' - search for “diabet”, “insulin”, “glucose” and “metabolic”
* '''Heart disease''' - search for “cardio” and “atherosclerosis”
* '''Inflammation''' - search for “inflam”
* '''Leaky gut''' - search for “barrier”
* '''Multiple sclerosis''' - search for “multiple sclerosis” rather than “MS”
* '''Obesity''' - search for “obes” and “adipose”
* '''Pregnancy''' - search for “preg” and “mater”
* '''Ulcerative colitis''' - search for “colitis”, “bowel” and “IBD”
{{Columns}}
</div>

<div style="background-color:#F5FAFF; border: 1px solid #CEDFF2; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:26px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #A3B0BF;background-color:#CEDFF2;padding-left:8px;"><h2 style = "margin-top:10px;border:0px solid #CEDFF2;">Obtaining copies of scientific papers</h2></div>
Unless otherwise stated, the main links presented below are to [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#home-page PubMed] abstracts, with additional links being provided to any full text and PDF copies that were available at the time these were added to our list. (Some full text copies are initially embargoed for a limited period of time by their publishers.)

Where full text copies are not available from PubMed, they might be available from [https://www.researchgate.net/search ResearchGate], and many papers can also usually be obtained instantly, free of charge, from Sci-Hub. The availability of this pirate domain fluctuates as a result of continuing legal action by publishers, [https://www.vice.com/en/article/gy7d7j/sci-hub-and-lib-gen-continue-to-get-attacked-around-the-world] but its founder, [https://sci-hub.ru/alexandra Alexandra Elbakyan], constantly provides new site links, the latest of which can usually be found on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub Sci-Hub Wikipedia page]. (See "URL" in the text box under the black bird.)

If you find that Sci-Hub is blocked in your area, you should be able to reach it by using either an alternative [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System Domain Name System (DNS)] or a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network virtual private network (VPN)]. Anyone unfamiliar with these options can get more detail, and set-up instructions, from an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence artificial intelligence (AI)] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChatGPT ChatGPT].

To get a paper from Sci-Hub, copy/paste the title, or preferably the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier digital object identifier (DOI)] number, of the paper you want into Sci-Hub’s search box. Then hit Return.

If the paper you want is not yet available from Sci-Hub, you will be able to get it free of charge from the Facebook group, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/655550701282346/ Get Your Papers], or from the [https://www.wosonhj.com Mutual Aid-Science Community].

</div>

== Problems with clinical trials using live helminths ==

There have been significant issues with the design of some of the clinical trials conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy of live helminths, particularly one raft of more than a dozen studies published between 2011 and 2022. This casts doubt on the reliability of the conclusions drawn by the authors of these papers. For more detail, see the following.
* [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Problems with clinical trials using live helminths | '''Problems with clinical trials using live helminths''']]

== '''Research papers & articles''' ==

Here are several pages presenting different selections of papers and articles. Most of the contents of these shorter selections are also listed by year in the main list, below.

* [[Helminthic therapy research#Papers published in high impact factor journals | '''Papers published in high impact factor journals''']] (scholarly periodicals whose articles average a larger number of citations)
* [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies | '''Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies''']]
* [[Helminth therapy studies in murine models | '''Helminth therapy studies in murine models''']] (mostly incomplete when details were added here)
* [[Effects of helminthic therapy | '''Effects of helminthic therapy''']] (the therapy's effects on particular diseases and aspects of general health)
* [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization | '''Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization''']] (not all papers mentioned are included in the more comprehensive list, below)

The following list is more comprehensive, but not exhaustive. The articles included were identified at different times by different editors using different methods.

===2026===

* 2026 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41915399/ Molecular engineering of the helminth TGF-β mimetics, TGM1 and TGM4 reveals a novel antagonist of TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts]
* 2026 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41935913/ The evolutionary origins of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0035378726004960 Full text] (Online ahead of print)
* 2026 Mar 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41918093/ Helminth coinfections mitigate clinical, parasitological, and immune outcomes in Mozambican children with malaria]
* 2026 Mar 22 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cti2.70086 Helminths as architects of trained tolerance: implications for human health]
* 2026 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41875946/ Helminth infection induces malabsorption of dietary fat via STAT6-dependent intestinal MTTP suppression] (Online ahead of print)
* 2026 Mar 21 [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-44795-9 Unstructured, disulfide-bridged C-terminus in helminth α-helical antimicrobial peptides enhances and modulates their activity] (Online ahead of print)
* 2026 Mar 16 [https://saudijournals.com/articles/12527/ A DNASE1–NET–Eosinophil Axis Linking Helminth Exposure to Protection against Autoimmune Disease]
* 2026 Mar 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41823333/ Fasciola hepatica-Derived Proteins Shield the Heart From Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Imbalance: Insights Relevant to the Hygiene Hypothesis]
* 2026 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41813890/ Facile induction of immune tolerance by an interleukin-2-TGFβ surrogate agonist] (Nature)
* 2026 Mar 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41795870/ Controlled human helminth infection models: insights into type 2 immunity and therapeutic development]
* 2026 Mar 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41784099/ Bugs as drugs: Parasite Biomolecules as Novel Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer]
* 2026 Mar 5 [https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/3/392 Glycogen Hydrogel Loaded with Schistosoma japonicas Peptide SJMHE1 Improves Skin Wound Healing]
* 2026 Mar 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41781415/ The immune-modulatory potential of helminth-derived proteins in cellular models of inflammation: a systematic review with cross-study quantitative data analysis]
* 2026 Feb 28 [https://jsocmed.org/index.php/go/article/view/274 Zero Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Students with Disabilities and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Bengkulu City, Indonesia]
* 2026 Feb 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41757977/ Protection of mice against septic shock induced by lethal intraperitoneal dose of LPS by a recombinant Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein]
* 2026 Feb 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41808832/ Trichuris suis ova in inflammatory bowel disease-clinical challenges and translational pathways]
* 2026 Feb 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41720781/ Developmental plasticity enables an intestinal tapeworm to adapt to dietary stress]
* 2026 Feb 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41705598/ Applications of epidemiologic transition theory to modern infectious disease medicine and epidemiology]
* 2026 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41711766/ Therapeutic potential of hookworm proteins in promoting regulatory immune responses to modulate Trypanosoma cruzi induced liver inflammation and oxidative stress]
* 2026 Feb 17 [https://resvinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RSVVW26-Abstract-Booklet.pdf Maternal Helminths Rewire the Microbiota to Promote Offspring Antiviral Immunity via Indole-3-Propionic Acid] (Conference) (Media coverage Medscape 2026 Mar 23 [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/parasitic-worms-provide-insights-rsv-prevention-2026a10008ob?form=fpf Parasitic Worms Provide Insights on RSV Prevention])
* 2026 Feb 12 [https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8780633/v1 Type-2-immune history imprints local training in nerve-airway associated interstitial macrophages (NAMs) for disease tolerance during respiratory viral infection] (Preprint)
* 2026 Feb 5 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703465v1 O-GlcNAcylation and low glycolysis underpin Th2 polarization by dendritic cells] (Preprint)
* 2026 Feb 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41639095/ The gut microbiome and metabolome associate with Schistosoma mansoni infection and cardiovascular disease risk in Uganda]
* 2026 Feb 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41753640/ Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Excretion-Secretion Products of Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) and Its Effect over the Viability and Antioxidative Activity of a Mix of Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium]
* 2026 Feb [https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/8092 Effects of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 on Allergic Responses in Ovalbumin-induced Allergic Rhinitis Mice Model]
* 2026 Feb [https://academic.oup.com/jcag/article/9/Supplement_1/gwaf042.001/8475008 Helminth-induced IL-33 promotes tissue-repair macrophages that protect against colitis independent of IL-4 signaling]
* 2026 Jan 28 [https://auctoresonline.com/article/association-between-diabetes-and-trichinella-spiralis Association Between Diabetes and Trichinella Spiralis]
* 2026 Jan 26 [https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/article/20/Supplement_1/jjaf231.1583/8434345?login=false Helminth secretome as novel antifibrotic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2026 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41668258/ Transcriptomic profiling reveals Trichinella spiralis-mediated attenuation of respiratory syncytial virus-induced inflammation in mice]
* 2026 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41659413/ Selective Immune Silencing by Targeted TGF-β Agonists] (Preprint)
* 2026 Jan 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41553728/ Exploratory Study Characterizing Gastrointestinal Physiological Changes During Controlled Human Hookworm Infection]
* 2026 Jan 17 [https://ijmri.de/index.php/ijpse/article/view/4749 Features of cellular immunity in bronchial asthma and helminthic infestations] (Russian)
* 2026 Jan 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41513004/ Trained ILC2 prevent IL-17-associated lung injury during helminth infection through a serotonin-dependent mechanism]
* 2026 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41596532/ Recombinant Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Derived from Trichinella spiralis Suppresses Obesity by Reducing Body Fat and Inflammation]
* 2026 Jan 15 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/15/1/93 Helminth Antigens Modulate Virus-Induced Activation of CD154 (CD40L) Expression on T Cells in Onchocerca volvulus-Infected Individuals]
* 2026 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41613259/ Rethinking ADHD as a neurointestinal syndrome: a gut-brain-parasite hypothesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12847369/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12847369/pdf/fnins-19-1694628.pdf PDF]
* 2026 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41533207/ Immune protection mediated by Echinococcus granulosus EgM123 in the dextran sodium Sulfate-induced colitis model in mice]
* 2026 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41530388/ Cancer in disguise: a parasite within]
* 2026 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41538570/ Allergic airway inflammation of offspring mice is suppressed by breast milk from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mothers]
* 2026 Jan 7 [https://auctoresonline.com/article/type-2-diabetes-mellitus-and-strongyloides-stercoralis-infection Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Strongyloides Stercoralis Infection] -- [https://auctoresonline.com/uploads/articles/1767605687JCRR-25-RA-604-Galley_proof_.pdf PDF]
* 2026 Jan 5 [https://www.academia.edu/2837-4010/4/1/10.20935/AcadBiol8088 Can parasites influence insulin signaling and development of diabetes mellitus?]

===2025===

* 2025 Dec 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41358671/ Infection with gut parasites correlates with gut microbiome diversity across human populations in Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12688249/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12688249/pdf/KGMI_17_2587966.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Dec 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41413252/ Structural and functional analysis of the TGF-β mimic, TGM-2: an immunomodulatory helminth protein] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41435-025-00372-0 Full text]

* 2025 Dec 17 [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/d748de93-803c-4820-ad81-cce18ef3afd2 Therapeutic potential of Fasciola hepatica-derived immunomodulatory peptides in the treatment of sepsis] -- [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/server/api/core/bitstreams/38d3cc98-2205-4487-8fd6-ee66f6015d69/content PDF] (Master)

* 2025 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41398704/ Antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus regulates autophagy-mediated macrophage polarization to alleviate immune thrombocytopenia]

* 2025 Dec 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41387891/ Parasites' immunomodulators: a breakthrough in immunotherapeutics displaying antineoplastic activity against human colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma cells]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40451537/ Excretory/secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis adult worms alleviate myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis in murine models]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41502267/ The Mechanism of Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto Antigen B to Protect Immune Thrombocytopenia Mouse Model by Influencing Autophagy] (Chinese)

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41242643/ Immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Toxocara canis infection in a murine model of thioacetamide-induced chronic hepatic fibrosis]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266093/ Helminth reshapes host gut microbiota and immunoregulation by deploying an antimicrobial program of innate immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12026035/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12026035/pdf/KGMI_17_2496447.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 21 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689654v1.abstract Transglutaminase 2 predicts parasitic worm-mediated protection against hepatic steatosis in obese mice] (Preprint)

* 2025 Nov 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41219730/ Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via macrophage migrasome-derived miR-26b-5p targeting the PTEN/AKT axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12607197/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12607197/pdf/12967_2025_Article_7328.pdf Full text]

* 2025 Nov 4 [https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(25)01202-6/abstract The burden of osteoarthritis: lifespan matters]

* 2025 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41256793/ Echinococcus granulosus antigen B ameliorates myocardial infarction through promoting M2 macrophage polarization] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12620417/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12620417/pdf/fcimb-15-1662758.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1609/8329627 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota] (Also see this interview: 2025 Sep 29 [https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2025/09/29/a-small-worm-offers-big-clues-about-the-human-immune-system A Small Worm Offers Big Clues About the Human Immune System])

* 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1876/8331776 Helminth infection-induced Resistin-Like Molecule Alpha (RELMα) protects from diet-induced obesity]

* 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.2214/8331728 Examining the immunomodulatory role of Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) in inducing tolerance to an oral allergen]

* 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.2091/8330763 Helminth-derived products act as an adjuvant in colitis-associated colorectal cancer 5-FU treatment by downregulating SIRT6 expression]

* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41194532/ Clonorchis sinensis Crude Antigen Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation via Modulation of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12589821/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12589821/pdf/IID3-13-e70292.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397826207_Maternal_helminth_infection_promotes_offspring_long-term_antiviral_immunity_via_microbiota_3855 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota]

* 2025 Oct 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40914159/ IL-25-induced memory type 2 innate lymphoid cells enforce mucosal immunity] (Comment 2026 [https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/OSHM.2026.9610043 Revolutionizing mucosal defense: IL-25-educated effector-memory ILC2s redefine innate immune memory])

* 2025 Oct 22 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1701728/abstract Hookworm infection modulates lung and intestinal transcriptomic responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters]

* 2025 Oct 19 [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421.html A comparative study on Echinococcus granulosus and curcumin therapeutic effect in mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421_fdaa116e0fdfcad8b6d56bf7df883357.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Oct 19 [https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/240 The sustainable role of parasites in modulating environment, immune system and gut microbiota] -- [https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/240/80 PDF]

* 2025 Oct 17 [https://open.fau.de/items/6b4e9f08-8bcc-4978-a15e-2c658a81450b Type 2 immunity and activation of STAT6 signaling in different disease models in lung and intestine] (Thesis, Erlangen-Nürnberg)

* 2025 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40680269/ The interleukin-33 receptor (ST2) is a novel therapeutic target to attenuate the progression of hemophilic arthropathy]

* 2025 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41268546/ Clinical Challenges and Technological Breakthroughs in Helminthic Therapy for Diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12626982/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12626982/pdf/fimmu-16-1642707.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41102569/ Combined Effects of Parasitic Infection and Heavy Metal Exposure on Health and Profitability of Cultured African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)]

* 2025 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41072881/ Dampened inflammation and reduced risk of osteoarthritis among non-industrialized societies] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S106345842501163X Full text]

* 2025 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41061735/ Theories and mechanisms of environmental factors that cause allergies in dogs: veterinarian involvement in lifestyle choices to support long-term well-being] -- [https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/aop/ajvr.25.07.0275/ajvr.25.07.0275.xml Full text] | [https://avmajournals.avma.org/downloadpdf/view/journals/ajvr/aop/ajvr.25.07.0275/ajvr.25.07.0275.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Oct [https://sistema.editorapasteur.com.br/uploads/pdf/publications_chapter/2023029050.pdf Aspectos imunológicos de infecções por helmintos] (Book chapter of Imunologia & Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias) (Portuguese)

* 2025 Oct [https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2025/10002/s1710_the_temporal_association_between_acute.1711.aspx The Temporal Association Between Acute Gastroenteritis and the Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review] (Conference)

* 2025 Oct [https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2025/10002/s6207_hooked_on_worms__diving_into_human_helminth.6206.aspx Hooked on Worms: Diving Into Human Helminth Therapy] (Conference) (IBS)

* 2025 Oct [https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97634.pdf Immunoepithelial Crosstalk in Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Tuft Cells: A Review]

* 2025 Sep 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40960147/ Hydatid cyst derived molecules potentiate the protective effect of sulfasalazine in murine induced colitis: Role of FOXP3 T-regulatory cells in colonic tissues]

* 2025 Sep 15 [https://repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co/entities/publication/c72c9763-416e-4d0c-984f-273f8fd77746 Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of a molecule from Ascaris lumbricoides with potential therapeutic benefits for asthma] (Thesis)

* 2025 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40954459/ Interplay of obesity and parasitic infection: current evidence of immunogenesis, tumorigenesis and leptin receptor involvement] -- [https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12986-025-00972-7 Full text]

* 2025 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40945015/ Protective or pathogenic? Tuft cells shape divergent immune outcomes in helminth and viral infections]

* 2025 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40934190/ Cross-kingdom dialogs in the gut: Integrating bacterial pathogens, helminths, and microbiota interactions for immune homeostasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12425192/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12425192/pdf/ppat.1013494.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Sep 9 [https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/9/2208 Role of the Th2-like Immune Response in Obesity: IL-4 as a Metabolic Regulator and IL-13 as an Effector of Muscle Energy Metabolism]

* 2025 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41062240/ Genetically modified helminths as pharmaceutical biofactories] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065308X25000211?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Sep 8 [https://helminthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Hydra-Helminth-Conference-Full-Programme-2025.pdf Anti-tumoral effect of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid in a cell-derived breast cancer xenograft model]

* 2025 Sep 8 [https://helminthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Hydra-Helminth-Conference-Full-Programme-2025.pdf Selective packaging of anti-fibrotic and tumour suppressor miRNAs in extracellular vesicles of a parasitic whipworm] (Conference)

* 2025 Sep 7 [https://helminthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Hydra-Helminth-Conference-Full-Programme-2025.pdf The wonder of worms! How parasitic helminths can change our lives] (Conference)

* 2025 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950041/ Helminth infection induces neuroimmune remodeling and clinical remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12424815/ Full text]

* 2025 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40882862/ Opisthorchis viverrini Helminth Defense Molecule: Structural features, molecular interactions, and dual immunomodulatory roles] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X25002797?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40830617/ Protective and therapeutic potentials of Trichinella spiralis larval antigen in murine induced colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12365207/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12365207/pdf/41598_2025_Article_13229.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40869321/ Co-Infection Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori and Helminths: A Double-Edged Sword] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12386516/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12386516/pdf/ijms-26-08001.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40867609/ Effect of Nematodes-Bacteria Complex Metabolites on Cancer and Tumor Progression] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12384441/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12384441/pdf/biomolecules-15-01165.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795768/ Anisakis simplex excretion/secretion antigens abolish the anaphylactic response in allergic mice] -- [https://karger.com/iaa/article-abstract/doi/10.1159/000547921/932229/Anisakis-simplex-excretion-secretion-antigens Full text]

* 2025 Aug 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40796112/ Helminth infections affect host immune responses to viral infections and vaccines] -- [https://academic.oup.com/femsre/advance-article/doi/10.1093/femsre/fuaf036/8230974?login=false Full text]

* 2025 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795244/ TRPV1 neurons promote cutaneous immunity against Schistosoma mansoni] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jimmun/vkaf141/8225876?login=false Full text] (media coverage [https://www.newsweek.com/parasitic-worm-opioid-treatments-alternative-pain-schistosoma-mansoni-2112848 Newsweek] "Opioids: Parasitic Worm Discovery Could Lead to Safer Painkillers", [https://scitechdaily.com/this-parasitic-worm-can-turn-off-your-pain-and-itch-sensors/ SciTechDaily], [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/08/250811104224.htm ScienceDaily])

* 2025 Aug 7 [https://djs.journals.ekb.eg/article_446280.html Immunomodulatory Effects of Trichinella spiralis on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice: Prophylactic and Therapeutic Implications]

* 2025 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40562184/ Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory protein alleviates autoimmune thyroiditis by modulating Th17/Treg balance via the STAT3/STAT5 pathway]

* 2025 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40799005/ Schistosoma japonicum-Derived Peptide SJMHE1 Attenuates Osteoarthritis by Promoting Synovial M2 Macrophage Polarisation]

* 2025 Jul 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40731364/ Bridging the gap for diverse applications of parasites as advanced cancer therapeutics: current progress and future directions] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12309174/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12309174/pdf/13027_2025_Article_679.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40713878/ Effects of maternal Echinococcus multilocularis infection on colitis susceptibility and gut microbiota of offspring] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12297764/ Full text]

* 2025 Jul 26 [https://matheo.uliege.be/handle/2268.2/23604 Une infection entérique par des helminthes peut-elle altérer l'efficacité de la réponse immunitaire induite par la vaccination ?] (French, master)

* 2025 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40708483/ From the laboratory to the clinic: advancing helminthic therapy for type 2 diabetes]

* 2025 Jul 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40701996/ Syphacia obvelata antigens alter the FOXP3/RORɣt expression balance in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IBD patients]

* 2025 Jul 24 [https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/16994 In vitro immunomodulatory effect of opisthorchis felineus hemozoin on dendritic cells of children with bronchial asthma] -- [https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/16994/pdf PDF] (Russian)

* 2025 Jul 23 [https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/81179 Isolation of Hymenolepis diminuta Cysticercoids for therapeutic use: The need for open-source methodology] (HDC) (preprint)

* 2025 Jul 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40543040/ Rapid group-2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization from the intestine aids in early lung defense and repair] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(25)00639-4 Full text]

* 2025 Jul 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40725160/ Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Fh15 as an Antagonist of TLR4 Downregulating the Activation of NF-κB, Inducible Nitric Oxide, Phagosome Signaling Pathways, and Oxidative Stress of LPS-Stimulated Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12294962/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12294962/pdf/ijms-26-06914.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40654243/ Arterial Stiffness in Heart-Healthy Indigenous Tsimane Forager-Horticulturalists]

* 2025 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39776172/ Helminth infection induces innate immune priming in plasmacytoid dendritic cells] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiaf009/7945121?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Full text]

* 2025 Jul 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40718495/ Trichinella spiralis-derived extracellular vesicles induce regulatory T cells and reduce airway allergy in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12289487/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12289487/pdf/fimmu-16-1637569.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40708918/ Intestinal helminth Schyzocotyle acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 infection ameliorate lipid metabolism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through immune and gut microbiota regulation]

* 2025 Jul 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40628865/ The immunomodulatory p43 secreted protein of Trichuris whipworm parasites is a lipid carrier that binds signalling lipids and precursors] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-08124-w Full text] | [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-08124-w.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jul 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40626733/ Ascaris Lumbricoides Cystatin Impairs IL-1β Maturation and CD14 Expression in Human Monocytes] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imm.70016 Full text]

* 2025 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40154760/ Antimicrobial peptides in nematode secretions - Unveiling biotechnological opportunities for therapeutics and beyond] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975025000588?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40495394/ The Impact of Rhinovirus, Syncytial Respiratory Virus and Helminth Infection on the Risk of New-Onset Asthma and Other Allergic Conditions-A Systematic Review for the EAACI Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergic Diseases and Asthma]

* 2025 Jul-Aug [https://www.ijfmr.com/research-paper.php?id=52557 Helminthic Therapy as Modern Immunotherapy]

* 2025 Jul [https://journals.ekb.eg/article_457565.html Helminth-derived antigens induce an immunomodulatory response in autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus by promoting regulatory immune responses]

* 2025 Jun 30 [https://www.croris.hr/crosbi/publikacija/prilog-skup/924236 Membrane-active Peptides from Helminths: Linking Antimicrobial Activity to Molecular Mode of Action] (Conference)

* 2025 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40576745/ Intact glycoconjugates from Taenia crassiceps excreted/secreted products ameliorate chemically induced colitis by modulating inflammation and strengthening adherens junctions] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-025-01821-y Full text]

* 2025 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40542404/ Excretory/secretory products from Hymenolepis nana adult worms alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice via tuft/IL-13 signaling pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12180163/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12180163/pdf/13071_2025_Article_6893.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 13 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001399 Unearthing roundworms: Nematodes as determinants of human health]

* 2025 Jun 12 [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01197-8 Gut ILC2s remember IL-25]

* 2025 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40267906/ A type 1 immune-stromal cell network mediates disease tolerance against intestinal infection] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00395-2 Full text]

* 2025 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40505102/ Intestinal lymphatic vasculature is functionally adapted to different drainage regions and is altered by helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12162095/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12162095/pdf/jem_20241181.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40565065/ Modulation of the Immune Response by Nematode Derived Molecules] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12193360/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12193360/pdf/ijms-26-05600.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 10 [https://f1000research.com/articles/14-576 Evaluating the potential of Schistosoma mansoni Soluble Egg Antigen (SEA) and Glycoproteins (IPSE and Omega-1) in Inhibiting the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes]

* 2025 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40486661/ Lower BMI in Tanzanian Adults with Schistosoma mansoni Infection is Not Explained by Differences in Serum Adipocytokine Levels] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12143250/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12143250/pdf/gh-20-1-1436.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40474292/ PD-1-dependent therapeutic effect of Trichinella spiralis cystatin on myocardial infarction in a mice model] -- [https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-025-06854-4 Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12142987/pdf/13071_2025_Article_6854.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40460141/ An experimental study of the dual modulation of the colchicine-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and the soluble product of Dipylidium caninum adult worm] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12132939/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12132939/pdf/pone.0324191.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40461378/ Is IFN-γ good or bad for the host during helminth infections?] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(25)00140-0 Abstract]

* 2025 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40325612/ Echinococcus granulosus antigen B regulates T-cell function through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in experimental immune thrombocytopenia]

* 2025 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40444920/ Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence From Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis]

* 2025 Jun [https://ard.eular.org/article/S0003-4967(25)03658-1/abstract Effect of soil-transmitted helminth on attenuation of disease activity and immune profile changes in treatment naïve rheumatoid arthritis patients]

* 2025 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40267633/ An overview of the role of steroid hormones in various parasitic infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165037825001111 Full text]

* 2025 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40497975/ Fh15 Reduces Colonic Inflammation and Leukocyte Infiltration in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mouse Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12153920/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12153920/pdf/cells-14-00799.pdf PDF]

* 2025 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40452274/ Therapeutic potentials of Trichinella spiralis in immune disorders: From allergy to autoimmunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12127822/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12127822/pdf/phd-24086.pdf PDF]

* 2025 May 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40402283/ Molecular mimicry between parasites and cancer: a novel approach for developing cancer vaccines and therapeutic antibodies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12098237/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12098237/pdf/262_2025_Article_4069.pdf PDF]

* 2025 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048880/ Toxocara canis-originated recombinant C-type lectin improves the disability scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in murine in vivo models]

* 2025 May 9 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550783/full Relationship between pediatric asthma and respiratory microbiota, intestinal microbiota: a narrative review]

* 2025 May 8 [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z79520z Macrophage-Derived Relmα Promotes Lung Tissue Repair Following Helminth Infection In a Murine Model] (Capstone project)

* 2025 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40471635/ Immunotherapeutic Potential of Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid Cyst Antigens in Autoimmune Disease and Allergy]

* 2025 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40391223/ Protective effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis- derived uridine via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in a mouse model of TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12087013/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12087013/pdf/fimmu-16-1600838.pdf PDF]

* 2025 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332187/ Concomitant occurrence of chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection and chronic colitis restore immune imbalance and dysbiosis leading to protection against intestinal colitis and schistosome egg-induced intestinal fibrosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12051921/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12051921/pdf/1678-8060-mioc-120-e240045.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40299229/ Impact of Soluble Schistosomal Egg Antigens on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in an Induced Diabetic Mouse Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/40299229/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12041111/pdf/11686_2025_Article_1035.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40302223/ Cytokines from parasites: manipulating host responses by molecular mimicry] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12203974/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12203974/pdf/BCJ-482-09-BCJ20253061.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40298402/ mGem: Decoding transmicrobe messaging-the growing impact of extracellular vesicles] -- [https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.03130-24?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Full text] | [https://journals.asm.org/doi/epub/10.1128/mbio.03130-24 PDF]

* 2025 Apr 29 [https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6560880/v1 Regulation of Dendritic Cell Immune Function and Maturation by the Recombinant Antigen p53 of Trichinella spiralis] (preprint)

* 2025 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40265426/ Modulation of the Inflammatory Signature in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model through Treatment with Fasciola hepatica-Derived Recombinant Fatty Acid Binding Protein (rFh15)] -- [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4657414 Full text] (Multiple sclerosis)

* 2025 Apr 22 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/436 Helminth Coinfections Modulate Disease Dynamics and Vaccination Success in the Era of Emerging Infectious Diseases]

* 2025 Apr 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40257648/ Metabolomic and functional analyses of small molecules secreted by intestinal nematodes in the activation of epithelial tuft cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12011944/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12011944/pdf/11306_2025_Article_2248.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40231720/ Coevolutionary interplay: Helminths-trained immunity and its impact on the rise of inflammatory diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12002795/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12002795/pdf/elife-105393.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40297577/ Helminth-induced immune modulation in colorectal cancer: exploring therapeutic applications] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12034720/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12034720/pdf/fimmu-16-1484686.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40226135/ Impact of helminth co-infection and treatment on mycobacterial growth inhibition in UK migrants with TB infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11984527/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11984527/pdf/ijtldopen24-0528.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40214509/ Behavioral Cooperation or Conflict of Human Intestinal Roundworms and Microbiomes: A Bio-Activity Perspective] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11988915/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11988915/pdf/cells-14-00556.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40178750/ Administration of Trichinella spiralis Antigens Alleviated Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/40178750/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11968495/pdf/11686_2025_Article_1016.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 3 [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-78821-5 The Microbiome: How our Inner Ecosystem Controls] (book, see chapter 3)

* 2025 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39653602/ Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen suppresses colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo]

* 2025 Apr [https://journals.ekb.eg/article_424997_662bef043a91087f4761406ed78268cb.pdf A review on hookworm disease: historical, virulence, immunomodulation and immune escape strategies]

* 2025 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39592081/ Parasitic helminths and protozoa: Treasure boxes of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138357692400151X?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39954371/ Protein families secreted by nematodes to modulate host immunity] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527425000049?via%3Dihub Full text] | [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527425000049/pdfft?md5=929e987286efcae7887f17e3ad9818e2&pid=1-s2.0-S1369527425000049-main.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877032025000065 Du parasitisme au mutualisme: les immunomodulateurs bactériens et parasitaires] (French)

* 2025 Mar 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40196473/ IL-25-induced memory ILC2s mediate long-term small intestinal adaptation] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.645270v1.full.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40196466/ Helminth infection favors reprogramming and proliferation of lung neutrophils] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11974826/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11974826/pdf/nihpp-2025.03.25.645229v1.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40213548/ A secreted helminth microRNA suppresses gastrointestinal cell differentiation required for innate immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11983496/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11983496/pdf/fimmu-16-1558132.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40166485/ Treatment With Schistosoma Japonicum Peptide SJMHE1 and SJMHE1-Loaded Hydrogel for the Mitigation of Psoriasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11956717/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11956717/pdf/ptt-15-85.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 25 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1203052 The Dual Nature of Host-Parasite Interactions: Exploring Protozoans and Helminths in Symbiosis and Pathogenesis] (Book chapter, "Symbiotic Interactions - From Mutualistic Alliances to Parasitic Exploits".)

* 2025 Mar 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266230/ Robust COVID-19 Vaccine Responses Despite Filarial Co-Infection: Insights from a Lymphatic Filariasis Cohort in Ghana] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11945955/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11945955/pdf/vaccines-13-00312.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40074948/ Tuft cell IL-17RB restrains IL-25 bioavailability and reveals context-dependent ILC2 hypoproliferation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11957993/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11957993/pdf/41590_2025_Article_2104.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40069907/ Adult Hymenolepis nana and its excretory-secretory products elicit mouse immune responses via tuft/IL-13 and FOXM1 signaling pathways] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11899370/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11899370/pdf/13071_2025_Article_6719.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40038824/ Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory proteins ameliorate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11881509/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11881509/pdf/13071_2025_Article_6677.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40032982/ Nematode serine protease inhibitor SPI-I8 negatively regulates host NF-κB signalling by hijacking MKRN1-mediated polyubiquitination of RACK1] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11876351/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11876351/pdf/42003_2025_Article_7803.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40077760/ The Human Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Fucopentaose III Conjugated to Dextran Inhibits HIV Replication in Primary Human Macrophages]
::It is the same molecule found in [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#glycans | certain helminths]].

* 2025 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39988282/ The proteome of human adult whipworm Trichuris trichiura: A source of potential immunomodulatory molecules]

* 2025 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39952796/ Helminths target macrophage epigenetics and metabolism to evade immunity]

* 2025 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39950309/ An immunoregulatory amphipathic peptide derived from Fasciola hepatica helminth defense molecule (FhHDM-1.C2) exhibits potent biotherapeutic activity in a murine model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/pdf/FSB2-39-e70380.pdf PDF] (see [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/applied-molecular-parasitology-lab-ampl-dalton-lab_biotherapeutics-immunemodulation-healthinnovation-activity-7302379555372052483-kkzP/ Linkedin post])

* 2025 Feb 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40014218/ Clonorchis sinensis Infection prevents DSS-induced Colitis Via Lithocholic Acid in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent Manner] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10753-025-02241-4 Full text]

* 2025 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266113/ Helminth Seropositivity Inversely Correlated with Th1 and Th17 Cytokines and Severe COVID-19] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/40266113/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11946601/pdf/vaccines-13-00252.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-84877-3_4 Diseases Deriving from Alterations of the Ecological Niche—Part II: Regarding the Holobiont]

* 2024 Feb 24 [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/c238d0b9-d1eb-4460-948c-88d0bc31e42a Impact of B cell secreted factors on myelin in progressive multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2025 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40149862/ Natural Alternatives in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Mechanisms Perspective] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11940303/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11940303/pdf/biomolecules-15-00326.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39984487/ TGM6 is a helminth secretory product that mimics TGF-β binding to TGFBR2 to antagonize signaling in fibroblasts] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11845725/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11845725/pdf/41467_2025_Article_56954.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39963417/ Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis]

* 2025 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939598/ An optimised faecal microRNA sequencing pipeline reveals fibrosis in Trichuris muris infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11822213/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11822213/pdf/41467_2025_Article_56698.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39938480/ Nerve-racking worms]

* 2025 Feb 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39924654/ Echinococcus granulosus' laminated layer immunomodulates nitric oxide, cytokines, and MMPs in PBMC from rheumatoid arthritis patients]

* 2025 Feb 10 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11807544/ A162 interleukin-4 signaling is not a prerequisite for helminth-therapy protection against colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11807544/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11807544/pdf/gwae059.162.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39975173/ Hookworm genes encoding intestinal excreted-secreted proteins are transcriptionally upregulated in response to the host's immune system] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11838427/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11838427/pdf/nihpp-2025.02.01.636063v1.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39899646/ Experimental trichuriasis: Changes in the immune response and bacterial translocation during acute phase development illustrated with 3D model animation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11805410/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/39899646/ PDF]

* 2025 Feb [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bhupamani-Das-2/publication/389440122_A_Cross_Talk_Between_Parasitic_Helminth_and_Host_Microbiome/links/67c2999d96e7fb48b9d3b739/A-Cross-Talk-Between-Parasitic-Helminth-and-Host-Microbiome.pdf A Cross Talk Between Parasitic Helminth and Host Microbiome]

* 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39638106/ Insights into extracellular vesicle biogenesis and secretion of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta: host interaction and cultivation dynamics] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020751924002066?via%3Dihub Full text] (HDC)

* 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39528097/ Update on type 2 immunity]

* ⚡ 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39491642/ The gut microbiome-helminth-immune axis in autoimmune diseases] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576924001363?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39674446/ Antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus regulates macrophage phagocytosis by controlling TLR4 endocytosis in immune thrombocytopenia]

* 2025 Jan 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-70591-5_13 Understanding the Extracellular Vesicles in Helminths]

* 2025 Jan 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39853513/ Laminated Layer Extract from Echinococcus Granulosus cyst Attenuates Ocular Damages and Inflammatory Responses in an Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Model] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11686-024-00944-6 Full text]

* 2025 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39819719/ Schistosoma japonicum cystatin has protective effects against "two-hit" sepsis in mice by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment] (Chinese)

* 2025 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39711697/ Early-life infectious disease exposure, the “hygiene hypothesis”, and lifespan: evidence from hookworm] -- [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.09.24318730v2.full.pdf PDF] (preprint)

* 2025 Jan 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39815783/ Helminth extracellular vesicles co-opt host monocytes to drive T cell anergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735955/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735955/pdf/JEV2-14-e70027.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40109582/ Immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers: current strategies and future directions - a literature review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11918700/pdf/ms9-87-151.pdf Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11918700/pdf/ms9-87-151.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39789188/ Inhibition of skin fibrosis via regulation of Th17/Treg imbalance in systemic sclerosis]

* 2025 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39780006/ Reinventing type 2 immunity in cancer] (Nature review)

* 2025 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39773250/ Helminthiasis and mpox vaccination: challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa]

* 2025 Jan 7 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s44280-024-00067-7 Parasites: the future of biotherapy]

* 2025 Jan 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38481989/ Cystatin from the helminth Ascaris lumbricoides upregulates mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways and immunomodulatory genes in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10936004/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10936004/pdf/fimmu-15-1328401.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39638178/ Cathepsin L of Fasciola hepatica meliorates colitis by altering the gut microbiome and inflammatory macrophages]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39815783/ Helminth extracellular vesicles co-opt host monocytes to drive T cell anergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735955/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735955/pdf/JEV2-14-e70027.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39608199/ Host, parasite, and microbiome interaction: Trichuris ovis and its effect on sheep gut microbiota] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401724002450?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40433639/ Immunomodulation by helminthic parasites and worm therapy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12105771/ Full text]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39809978/ Regulatory B cells in parasitic infections: roles and therapeutic potential] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11732949/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11732949/pdf/436_2024_Article_8450.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38797638/ Trichinella spiralis alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating the protective Th2 immune response] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401724000943?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39455069/ Protection of mice against cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial sepsis by a Fasciola hepatica helminth defence molecule] -- [https://journals.lww.com/shockjournal/fulltext/2025/01000/protection_of_mice_against_cecal_ligation_and.18.aspx Full text]

* 2025 Jan [https://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/a/yh5sBHW6bMyPcfJHCKvTMdC/?lang=en Allergic airway inflammation of offspring mice is suppressed by breast milk from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mothers]

* 2025 [https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/7709/bitstream_20907.pdf?sequence=1 Patients with Trichinella spiralis infection display unmodified antigen-specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2]

* 2025 [https://tcu.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/schistosoma-mansoni-soluble-egg-antigen-and-its-key-proteins-diff/ Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen and its key proteins differentially affect dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammatory bowel disease]

* 2025 [https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de/items/dc23f919-f671-46ba-a7fd-2914e50bf211 Eosinophil proteins and their role during filarial infection] (Thesis, Bonn)

===2024===

* 2024 Dec 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39796136/ The Impact of Cell-Intrinsic STAT6 Protein on Donor T Cell-Mediated Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11719522/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11719522/pdf/ijms-26-00280.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Dec 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39749005/ Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Helminth-Derived Products: Potential Applications and Challenges in Diabetes Mellitus Management] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11694023/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11694023/pdf/jir-17-11789.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Dec 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39703057/ Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection with the development of diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022149X24000828/type/journal_article Full text]

* 2024 Dec 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39666730/ Hymenolepis nana antigens alleviate ulcerative colitis by promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation via AhR/IL-22 signaling pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11670978/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11670978/pdf/pntd.0012714.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Dec 11 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1197501 The Double Edge Sword – Modulations of Inflammatory Responses – Parasite Survival Strategy or Host Tolerance Mechanisms] (Book chapter of Symbiotic Interactions - From Mutualistic Alliances to Parasitic Exploits)

* 2024 Dec 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39642243/ A helminth enzyme subverts macrophage-mediated immunity by epigenetic targeting of prostaglandin synthesis]

* 2024 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39620820/ Intestinal Helminth Infection Impairs Oral and Parenteral Vaccine Efficacy] -- [https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/154/Supplement%204/S51/200114/Intestinal-Helminth-Infection-Impairs-Oral-and?autologincheck=redirected Full text] | [https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-pdf/154/Supplement%204/S51/1745169/peds.2024-069114n.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Dec [https://zumj.journals.ekb.eg/article_362591.html The immunological effects of Schistosoma mansoni-derived soluble egg antigen on murine streptozotocin-induced autoimmune type1 diabetes]

* 2024 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39388051/ The Role of Dicrocoelium dendriticum Egg Antigen in Colitis: A Molecular, Pathological and Serological Study in an Experimental Model of C57BL/6 Mice]

* 2024 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39609640/ The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11723922/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11723922/pdf/44319_2024_Article_323.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39651252/ The IL-33/ST2 signaling axis drives pathogenesis in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11623585/ Full text] | [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625579v1 PDF]

* 2024 Nov 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39592463/ Immunomodulatory role of Trichinella spiralis-derived antigen on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice model]

* 2024 Nov 25 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/11300 Impact of human filarial infections on the metabolic and immunological profile and characterization of filariae-induced tropical pulmonary eosinophilia using a newly established mouse model] (Thesis, Bonn)

* 2024 Nov 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39533525/ Rotavirus-specific-IgA and cytokines responses in Ascaris lumbricoides-infected preschool-aged Nigerian children following rotavirus vaccination] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15321819.2024.2426147 Abstract]

* 2024 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39596084/ A Small Intestinal Helminth Infection Alters Colonic Mucus and Shapes the Colonic Mucus Microbiome] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593901/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593901/pdf/ijms-25-12015.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39596069/ Liver Fluke-Derived Molecules Accelerate Skin Repair Processes in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593665/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593665/pdf/ijms-25-12002.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569198/ Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles from Ascaris lumbricoides antigen exposure enhance Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth control, reduce IL-1β, and contain miR-342-5p, miR-516b-5p, and miR-570-3p that regulate PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11576181/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11576181/pdf/fimmu-15-1454881.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39495798/ The gut microbiota is essential for Trichinella spiralis-evoked suppression of colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11563474/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11563474/pdf/pntd.0012645.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38899778/ Probiotic Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Trichuris Suis Ova: A Randomised, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial (the PROCTO Trial)]. This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable. (See the note [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#ParaTech A/S | '''here''']] for details of significant issues with this trial’s design.)

* 2024 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39481080/ Schistosoma antigens: A future clinical magic bullet for autoimmune diseases?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11527426/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11527426/pdf/parasite-31-68.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683524/ Cystatin from Filarial Parasites Suppress the Clinical Symptoms and Pathology of Experimentally Induced Colitis in Mice by Inducing T-Regulatory Cells, B1-Cells, and Alternatively Activated Macrophages]

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41936-024-00404-7 Protective effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection and/or soluble egg antigen on allergic reaction in male mice]

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://www.clinicsearchonline.org/uploads/articles/1731131807IJBR-RA-69-Galley_Proof.pdf Helminth infection and Multiple Sclerosis]

* 2024 Oct 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39530086/ Roles of helminth extracellular vesicle-derived let-7 in host-parasite crosstalk] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11551607/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11551607/pdf/fimmu-15-1449495.pdf PDF]

* ✅ 2024 Oct 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39321022/ The rebalancing of the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface ameliorates autism-like behavior in adult offspring] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(24)01138-0?uuid=uuid%3A03bd97aa-0f2e-49d6-ad75-0982b8d5be9a Full text]

* 2024 Oct 21 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13410-024-01407-4 Parasites polarize macrophages to protect against type 2 diabetes]

* 2024 Oct 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39167662/ Intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine-induced T cell responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice] -- [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.ado1941?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Full text]

* 2024 Oct 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39406912/ Monocytes/Macrophages in Helminth Infections: Key Players in Host Defence, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair] -- [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_13 Full text]

* 2024 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39458384/ Parasites and Microbiota: Dual Interactions and Therapeutic Perspectives] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11510500/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11510500/pdf/microorganisms-12-02076.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39411786/ Controlled infection with cryopreserved human hookworm induces CTLA-4 expression on Tregs and upregulates tryptophan metabolism] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11485773/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11485773/pdf/KGMI_16_2416517.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39185897/ Maternal Helminth Infection Causes Dysfunctional B Cell Development in Male Offspring] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/213/8/1157/267112 Full text]

* 2024 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39406758/ Immunomodulatory effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum ova on DSS-induced experimental colitis in C57BL/6 mouse] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11480399/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11480399/pdf/41598_2024_Article_73692.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39385244/ The role of helminths and their antigens in cancer therapy: insights from cell line models] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11465614/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11465614/pdf/13027_2024_Article_613.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39444692/ Immuno-therapeutic and prophylactic potential of Trichinella spiralis antigens for inflammatory bowel diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11497370/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11497370/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39367471/ Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11453045/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11453045/pdf/40001_2024_Article_2057.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39367320/ Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators: a systematic review of their promise in alleviating colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11451257/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11451257/pdf/12865_2024_Article_661.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39243725/ Gene: environment interactions in immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952791524000499?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39159711/ Helminth derivative tuftsin-phopshorylcholine to treat autoimmunity] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1568997224000922?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Sep 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39327550/ Parasite-enhanced immunotherapy: transforming the "cold" tumors to "hot" battlefields]

* 2024 Sep 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39327439/ Tuft cells in the intestine, immunity and beyond] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-024-00978-1 Full text]

* 2024 Sep 26 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573481v2.abstract Delineating markers of disease-disease interaction: a systematic methodology and its application to multiple diabetes-helminth cohorts] (preprint)

* 2024 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39314046/ Helminth-derived molecules: pathogenic and pharmacopeial roles] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11629161/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11629161/pdf/jbr-38-6-547.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Sep 26 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573481v2.abstract Delineating markers of disease-disease interaction: a systematic methodology and its application to multiple diabetes-helminth cohorts] (preprint)

* 2024 Sep 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39312581/ Human Ascaris infection is associated with higher frequencies of IL-10 producing B cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11537421/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11537421/pdf/pntd.0012520.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Sep 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39285481/ Anisakis extracellular vesicles elicit immunomodulatory and potentially tumorigenic outcomes on human intestinal organoids] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11406850/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11406850/pdf/13071_2024_Article_6471.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Sep 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39261424/ Probiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Major Depression: Doxa or Episteme?]

* 2024 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39263744/ Health-promoting worms? Prospects and pitfalls of helminth therapy] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bies.202400080 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202400080 PDF]

* 2024 Sep 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39243554/ Excretory/secretory antigens from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae ameliorate HFD-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via driving macrophage anti-inflammatory activity] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576924016242?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39296294/ Transcriptome profiling of macrophages persistently infected with human respiratory syncytial virus and effect of recombinant Taenia solium calreticulin on immune-related genes]

* 2024 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39336756/ Schistosoma japonicumsja-let-7 Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Cross-Species Regulation of Col1α2] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11431810/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11431810/pdf/genes-15-01165.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39234909/ Immune-mediated Bowel Disease: Role of Intestinal Parasites and Gut Microbiome]

* 2024 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39221178/ Schistosoma excretory/secretory products: an untapped library of tolerogenic immunotherapeutics against food allergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359118/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359118/pdf/CTI2-13-e70001.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39623985/ Nippostrongylus brasiliensis alleviates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: a preliminary study] -- [https://www.zgxfzz.com/EN/abstract/abstract11567.shtml Full text] (chinese)

* 2024 Aug 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39186814/ S. mansoni -derived omega-1 prevents OVA-specific allergic airway inflammation via hampering of cDC2 migration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11379383/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11379383/pdf/ppat.1012457.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39179288/ Helminth protein enhances wound healing by inhibiting fibrosis and promoting tissue regeneration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11342954/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11342954/pdf/LSA-2023-02249.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Advanced Science News. [https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/molecules-secreted-by-parasitic-worms-found-to-reduce-scarring-during-wound-healing/]) (Wound healing)

* 2024 Aug 22 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.609083v1.abstract MLL1 directs gut-associated antibody responses to helminth and bacterial infections] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.609083v1.full.pdf PDF] (preprint)

* 2024 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204303/ Geohelminths: Use in the Treatment of Selected Human Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356798/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356798/pdf/pathogens-13-00703.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39037247/ Echinococcus multilocularis serpin regulates macrophage polarization and reduces gut dysbiosis in colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320943/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320943/pdf/iai.00232-24.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39133750/ The impact of soil transmitted helminth on malaria clinical presentation and treatment outcome: A case control study among children in Bagamoyo district, coastal region of Tanzania] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11341094/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/39133750/ PDF]

* 2024 Aug 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39120805/ Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and Opisthorchis viverrini coinfections: insights into immune responses and clinical outcomes]

* 2024 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39211070/ Helminth-derived metabolites induce tolerogenic] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11360915/ Full text] | [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525718v2.full.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39103799/ Bacilli load in PTB- intestinal helminths co-infected and PTB non -infected patients at selected public health facilities in Jimma zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: comparative cross-sectional study] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299355/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299355/pdf/12879_2024_Article_9673.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 2 [https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/identifying-novel-helminth-immunomodulatory-molecules Identifying Novel Helminth Immunomodulatory Molecules] -- [https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/136903520/VSHEK_Thesis_200924.pdf PDF] (Thesis)

* 2024 Aug 1 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/the-role-of-host-micrornas-and-helminth-derived-extracellular-ves The Role of Host microRNAs and Helminth-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Trichuris muris (Mouse Whipworm) Infection] -- [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/files/317272229/FULL_TEXT.PDF PDF] (Thesis)

* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38905933/ Schistosoma japonicum cystatin alleviates paraquat poisoning caused acute lung injury in mice through activating regulatory macrophages]

* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38724017/ Helminth Infections and Diabetes: Mechanisms Accounting for Risk Amelioration] -- [https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-100742 Full text]

* 2014 Aug [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vishav-Bharti-Thakur/publication/383567452_Helminth_therapy_for_autoimmune_disease_limitations_and_alternatives/links/66d2a8032390e50b2c21cfb8/Helminth-therapy-for-autoimmune-disease-limitations-and-alternatives.pdf Helminth therapy for autoimmune disorders: Limitations and alternatives]

* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38924546/ Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.16206 Full text]

* 2024 Jul 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39078229/ Current insights on gut microbiome and chronic urticaria: progress in the pathogenesis and opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11290762/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11290762/pdf/KGMI_16_2382774.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jul 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39073638/ Mining parasites for their potential as novel therapeutic agents against cancer] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12032-024-02458-7 Full text]

* 2024 Jul 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204209/ Interaction between Intestinal Parasites and the Gut Microbiota: Implications for the Intestinal Immune Response and Host Defence] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356857/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356857/pdf/pathogens-13-00608.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jul 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39013877/ Controlled human hookworm infection remodels plasmacytoid dendritic cells and regulatory T cells towards profiles seen in natural infections in endemic areas] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11252261/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11252261/pdf/41467_2024_Article_50313.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jul 12 [https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.172081277.74345772 Mechanisms of Helminth-Mediated Host Immunomodulation: A History and Overview of Current Research and Potential Applicat]

* 2024 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39022651/ The Parasite-Derived Peptide, FhHDM-1, Selectively Modulates miRNA Expression in β-Cells to Prevent Apoptotic Pathways Induced by Proinflammatory Cytokines]

* ✅ 2024 Jun 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38947109/ Reevaluating Biota Alteration: Reframing Environmental Influences on Chronic Immune Disorders and Exploring Novel Therapeutic Opportunities] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11202117/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11202117/pdf/yjbm_97_2_253.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39065669/ Pharmaceutical Potential of Remedial Plants and Helminths for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11279646/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11279646/pdf/pharmaceuticals-17-00819.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38977342/ Recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin alleviates acute liver injury in mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis] (Chinese)

* 2024 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38899916/ IL-9 plays a critical role in helminth-induced protection against COVID-19-related cytokine storms] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11253585/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11253585/pdf/mbio.01229-24.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39027544/ Animal healer for refractory diseases: Myth or reality?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11255451/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11255451/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38890291/ Structural basis for IL-33 recognition and its antagonism by the helminth effector protein HpARI2] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189471/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189471/pdf/41467_2024_Article_49550.pdf PDF] (Asthma)

* 2024 Jun 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38928413/ Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Modulating CD4+ T Cell Differentiation]

* 2024 Jun 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38888436/ Helminth-derived biomolecules as potential therapeutics against ulcerative colitis] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1750743X.2024.2360382 Full text]

* 2024 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38822662/ An insight into the gut microbiota after Schistosoma japonicum eggs immunization in an experimental ulcerative colitis model] -- [https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fj.202302576RR Full text]

* 2024 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38727220/ Helminth alleviates COVID-19-related cytokine storm in an IL-9-dependent way] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11237724/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11237724/pdf/mbio.00905-24.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38744291/ Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine promotes epithelial chloride secretion and intestinal helminth clearance]

* 2024 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38927075/ Anti-Inflammatory Responses Produced with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-Derived Uridine via the Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel and Its Anti-Atherosclerosis Effect in an Apolipoprotein E Gene Knockout Mouse Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11201709/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11201709/pdf/biomolecules-14-00672.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38663106/ Helminth-derived molecules improve 5-fluorouracil treatment on experimental colon tumorigenesis]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860753/ Evaluating the Toxocara cati extract as a therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation]

* 2024 Jun [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/5x21tn216 Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, enhances long-term potentiation and spatial memory and improves resistance to direct infection in mouse offspring] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/5138jm21w?locale=en PDF] (Thesis)

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38888451/ Succinate coenzyme A ligase β-like protein from Trichinella spiralis is a potential therapeutic molecule for allergic asthma] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11184933/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11184933/pdf/IID3-12-e1321.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38277692/ Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12153512/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12153512/pdf/nihms-2087670.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38808523/ Gastrointestinal nematode infection during pregnancy and lactation enhances spatial reference memory and reduces indicators of anxiety-like behaviour in uninfected adult female mouse offspring] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11474017/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11474017/pdf/S0031182024000696a.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38604301/ Helminth-induced impairment of humoral immunity differently contribute to their anti-arthritic effects in mice: Comparison of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489424000559?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Jun [https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/123760341/_final_signed_Using_helminth_secreted_proteins_to_treat_pathology_in_a_chronic_model_of_asthma_-_Tera_Birchall_Redacted.pdf Using helminth secreted proteins to treat pathology in a chronic model of asthma] (master)

* 2024 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38785193/ The prophylactic and therapeutic impact of Trichinella spiralis larvae excretory secretory antigens- loaded Ca-BTC metal organic frameworks on induced murine colitis]

* 2024 May 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38730262/ Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11087533/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11087533/pdf/41598_2024_Article_60865.pdf]

* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38712475/ Trichinella spiralis Larval Extract as a Biological Anti-Tumor Therapy in a Murine Model of Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma]

* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38445769/ Maternal-driven immune education in offspring] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imr.13315 Full text]

* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38779712/ Taenia solium cysticerci's extracellular vesicles Attenuate the AKT/mTORC1 pathway for Alleviating DSS-induced colitis in a murine model]

* ⚡ 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38609741/ Regulation of host metabolic health by parasitic helminths] -- [https://mywikis-eu-wiki-media.s3.eu-central-2.wasabisys.com/htwiki/Sikder_Trends-in-parasitology-2024.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687096/ Gut-lung axis and asthma: A historical review on mechanism and future perspective] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11060082/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11060082/pdf/CLT2-14-e12356.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38637733/ Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11025257/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11025257/pdf/12865_2024_Article_614.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38680500/ Myeloid A20 is critical for alternative macrophage polarization and type-2 immune-mediated helminth resistance] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045979/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045979/pdf/fimmu-15-1373745.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38598555/ Sja-let-7 suppresses the development of liver fibrosis via Schistosoma japonicum extracellular vesicles]

* 2024 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38581085/ The helminth-derived peptide, FhHDM-1, reverses the trained phenotype of NOD bone-marrow-derived macrophages and regulates proinflammatory responses] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.202350643 Full text] (diabetes)

* 2024 Apr 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38564496/ Impact of Strongyloides stercoralis infection on complement activation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from a clinical and anthelmintic intervention study] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10986927/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10986927/pdf/pntd.0012048.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr [https://journals.ekb.eg/article_351281.html An overview on intestinal parasites and gut microbiome: a bidirectional relationship]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38558086/ The effect of hydatid cyst protoscolex somatic antigens on full-thickness skin wound healing in mouse]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38331083/ Immunomodulation of streptozotocin induced Type 1 diabetes mellitus in mouse model by Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2) homologue of human lymphatic filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38648862/ Modulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by chronic small intestinal helminth infections] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.12749 Full text]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37832870/ Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Helminth-Derived Mimic Attenuate the Heart's Inflammatory Response to Ischemic Injury and Reduce Mature Scar Size] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12178337/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12178337/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38369180/ A potential role of protein extractions from Metagonimus yokogawai in amelionating inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37076961/ CsHscB Derived from a Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis Ameliorates Cholestatic Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis]

* 2024 Mar 30 [https://isom.ca/article/the-gaps-nutritional-protocol-as-a-dietary-treatment-for-inflammatory-bowel-disorders/ The GAPS Nutritional Protocol As a Dietary Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disorders: Analysis of Eight Case Studies]

* 2024 Mar 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38563013/ How tapeworms interact with cancers: a mini-review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10984186/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10984186/pdf/peerj-12-17196.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38517214/ Association between helminth infection and allergic disorders among children in Batu, Ethiopia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10959016/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10959016/pdf/IID3-12-e1222.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Mar 22 [https://www.onlinescientificsresearch.com/journals/jcmrm/articles/therapeutic-use-of-parasites-in-the-treatment-of-inflammatory-bowel-disease.html Therapeutic use of Parasites in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease]

* 2024 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38325266/ Serine protease inhibitor from the muscle larval Trichinella spiralis ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via anti-inflammatory properties and gut-liver crosstalk] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332224001045?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38334208/ Epigenetic changes induced by parasitic worms and their excretory-secretory products]

* 2024 Feb 17 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-46712-7_2 The Players Within the Intestinal Microbiome (Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, and Viruses)]

* 2024 Feb 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38398873/ Between Dysbiosis, Maternal Immune Activation and Autism: Is There a Common Pathway?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10891846/pdf/nutrients-16-00549.pdf Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10891846/pdf/nutrients-16-00549.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37661007/ Mood Disorders: The Gut Bacteriome and Beyond] -- [https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(23)01532-9/fulltext Full text]

* 2024 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38151361/ The knowns and unknowns of helminth-host miRNA cross-kingdom communication] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(23)00294-5 Full text]

* 2024 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37848126/ Schistosoma-related molecules as a new strategy to combat type 1 diabetes through immune regulation]

* 2024 Jan 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38500783/ The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects against collagen-induced arthritis by resetting the gut-bone marrow axis in a microbiome-dependent manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615750/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615750/pdf/EMS194623.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38864109/ The emerging role of T helper 9 (Th9) cells in immunopathophysiology: A comprehensive review of their effects and responsiveness in various disease states] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08830185.2024.2364586?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Full text]

* 2024 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38357280/ Effect of Trichinella spiralis-Derived Antigens on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10863434/Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10863434/pdf/pt3c00276.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38275199/ The effects of Fasciola hepatica recombinant proteins (peroxiredoxin and cathepsin L1) on Crohn's disease experimental model]

* 2024 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38250940/ Modulatory Effects of Hydatid Cyst Fluid on a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/pdf/vetsci-11-00034.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2024 Jan 30 [https://www.authorea.com/users/727156/articles/709179-trichinella-spiralis-esp-inhibits-tumor-cell-growth-by-regulating-the-immune-response-and-inducing-apoptosis Trichinella spiralis ESP inhibits tumor cell growth by regulating the immune response and inducing apoptosis]

* 2024 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38064817/ Trichinella-derived protein ameliorates colitis by altering the gut microbiome and improving intestinal barrier function]

* 2024 Jan 29 [https://www.corpuspublishers.com/article-info/therapeutic-administration-of-trichuris--suis-ova-as-alternative-treatment-of--multiple-sclerosis%3A-a-mini-review-808 Therapeutic Administration of Trichuris Suis Ova as Alternative Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review]

* 2024 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38268530/ Alleviation of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inducing IDO Expression with Trichinella spiralis Recombinant Protein 43]

* 2024 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38218816/ Microbes little helpers and suppliers for therapeutic asthma approaches]

* 2024 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38249633/ The COVID-19 Severity and Its Association with Intestinal Parasite Coinfection and Urine Biochemical Parameters among COVID-19-Confirmed Patients Admitted to Debre Markos University COVID-19 Center, Northwest Ethiopia] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10799708/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10799708/pdf/BMRI2024-3064374.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39916482/ Helminths in alternative therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11834367/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11834367/pdf/ir-2023-00059.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38018982/ Fasciola hepatica GST mu-class suppresses the cytokine storm induced by E. coli-lipopolysaccharide, whereas it modulates the dynamic of peritoneal macrophages in a mouse model and suppresses the classical activation of macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782955/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782955/pdf/spectrum.03475-23.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38744292/ Tuft cell acetylcholine is released into the gut lumen to promote anti-helminth immunity] -- [https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(24)00223-1 Full text]

* 2024 Jan 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38172977/ Galectin from Trichinella spiralis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10763409/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10763409/pdf/13567_2023_Article_1262.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 2 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482289v2.abstract Mucin-degrading gut bacteria promote anti-parasitic immunity] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482289v2.full.pdf PDF] preprint

* 2024 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37914152/ Effect of macrophage polarization on parasitic protection against type 1 diabetes mellitus] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001448942300190X?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Jan [https://open.uct.ac.za/items/5e119a08-77bd-4fc1-bb93-604b00fb2c7b Regulation of HPV infection and cervical cancer development following a helminth infection] -- [https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstreams/81e3ca1e-33a9-467d-a45e-82e7a509df6c/download PDF] (Thesis, Cape Town)

* 2024 [https://avesis.omu.edu.tr/yayin/e6621f1d-f176-4d00-997d-60fcf8b30590/can-parasites-be-useful-parazitler-yararli-olabilir-mi Can Parasites be Useful?] -- [https://turkiyeparazitolderg.org/pdf/c1dc3a38-51db-436b-af33-1bc7522029b3/articles/tpd.galenos.2024.43760/120-127.pdf PDF]

* 2024 [https://journals.rcsi.science/raj/article/view/260063 Immunomodulatory effect of hemozoin from Opisthorchis felineus and its participation in reducing allergic inflammation through activation of the inflammasome]

* 2024 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/44111 Heligmosomoides polygyrus-induced serum factors limit respiratory syncytial virus titres; a potential role for CCL8] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/44111/OkweraLTKA_2025.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Master of science)

* 2024 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323991308000106 The Protective Role of Helminths in Autoimmunity] (chapter of Infection and Autoimmunity (Third Edition))

* 2024 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128238486000038 Effect of infections on multiple sclerosis] (chapter of Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2024 [https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2977 Multidirectional influence of helminths on allergic diseases and immunity] (Russian)

* 2024 [https://roderic.uv.es/items/a04a80cd-1f85-4f14-82ca-29dccd1f58fc Efecto protector de vesículas extracelulares de Fasciola hepatica en inflamación intestinal] (Thesis, Spanish)

* 2024 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/f1770935-d577-411e-ad15-5d53e556e007 Productos excretados/secretados de Taenia crassiceps como adyuvante al 5-Fluoracilo, y su efecto regulador sobre la expresión de P53 y P21 en el tratamiento de cáncer de colon asociado a colitis] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2024 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-45403-6_7 Parasites as Beneficial Organisms?] (Book chapter of "Parasites")

===2023===

* 2023 Dec 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203591/ The Roles of Various Immune Cell Populations in Immune Response against Helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10778651/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10778651/pdf/ijms-25-00420.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36620087/ Trichinella pseudospiralis-secreted 53 kDa protein ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis by inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9813687/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9813687/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Dec 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38066526/ Therapeutic effect of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid on bacterial sepsis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10709918/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10709918/pdf/13071_2023_Article_6021.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37345483/ Impact of pinworm infection on the development of murine B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in the presence and absence of ETV6::RUNX1] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10690896/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10690896/pdf/1083480.pdf PDF] (editorial [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10690889/ Worm on stage])

* 2023 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38140874/ A review of the clinical progress on helminths and their derivative products in autoimmune disease] (Chinese)

* 2023 Dec [https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_329549.html Parasites From Morbidity to Remedy]

* 2023 Dec [https://scholar.archive.org/work/axadea6emjewtaf52tpsz36upi/access/wayback/https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/download/1355/828 Potential association of strongyloides stercoralis and its effectivity against type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of scientific attestation]

* 2023 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38016013/ Immunosuppressive ability of Trichinella spiralis adults can ameliorate type 2 inflammation in a murine allergy model]

* 2023 Nov 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38132291/ Sja-Let-7 Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in a Mouse Model via Col1α2]

* 2023 Nov 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38077318/ Protection against lung pathology during obesity-accelerated ageing in mice by the parasitic worm product ES-62]

* 2023 Nov 15 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3663054 Gut environment and socioeconomic status: a study of children in urban area of Makassar] (Thesis)

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37718988/ The immunomodulatory effects of the C-type lectin protein of Toxocara canis on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2023 Nov [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/177601 Investigating the impact of the parasite derived peptide FhHDM-1 on β-cell survival and function] (Thesis)

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38152266/ Amelioration of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model by Trichinella spiralis novel cystatin]

* ✅ 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37449458/ Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.15812 Full text] | [[media:Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction.pdf | PDF]]

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35748460/ "Out of the box" new therapeutic strategies for Crohn´s disease: moving beyond biologics] -- [https://www.reed.es/ArticuloFicha.aspx?id=9244&hst=0&idR=126&tp=1 Full text]

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37429945/ Type 2 immunity in the brain and brain borders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616183/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616183/pdf/41423_2023_Article_1043.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 19 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3644030 Urbanization in Indonesia and its impact on non-communicable diseases: a clinical, epidemiological, and immunological study] (Thesis)

* 2023 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37845695/ Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate myocardial infarction by inducing M2 macrophage polarization in a mouse model]

* 2023 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37831637/ Associations between soil-transmitted helminth infections and physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk in primary schoolchildren from Gqeberha, South Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575529/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575529/pdf/pntd.0011664.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38239430/ Immunomodulatory proteins from hookworms reduce cardiac inflammation and modulate regulatory responses in a mouse model of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10795693/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10795693/pdf/fpara-02-1244604.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37926467/ Protective effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin against acute kidney injury associated with acute liver failure in mice] (Chinese)

* 2023 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37788409/ Excretory/Secretory Products from Schistosoma japonicum Eggs Alleviate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10547495/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10547495/pdf/pntd.0011625.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37789420/ The impact of helminth-induced immunity on infection with bacteria or viruses] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10548622/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10548622/pdf/13567_2023_Article_1216.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37638887/ Targeting helminths: The expanding world of type 2 immune effector mechanisms] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460967/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460967/pdf/JEM_20221381.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/177148 Modulation of macrophage metabolism and function by the helminth peptide FhHDM-1] -- [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/177148/1/thesis.pdf PDF] (thesis)

* 2023 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37762428/ The Impact of Intestinal Inflammation on Nematode's Excretory-Secretory Proteome] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531923/ Full Text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531923/pdf/ijms-24-14127.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37772259/ The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10524266/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10524266/pdf/falgy-04-1220481.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37762297/ Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530578/ Full Text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530578/pdf/ijms-24-13994.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37699869/ Metabolic heterogeneity of tissue-resident macrophages in homeostasis and during helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10497597/ Full Text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10497597/pdf/41467_2023_Article_41353.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep [https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Helminths-modulation-of-intestinal-barrier-function/9926503779101891 Helminths' modulation of intestinal barrier function] (Doctoral thesis)

* 2023 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37487870/ Conquering rheumatic diseases: are parasitic worms the answer?] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/fulltext/S1471-4922(23)00146-0 Full text] | [https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1471-4922%2823%2900146-0 PDF]

* 2023 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37745942/ Hookworm infection induces glycometabolic modulation in South Indian individuals with type 2 diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514067/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514067/pdf/main.pdf PDF]. With details in 2022 Jul [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/85260/ Experimental hookworm infection in humans with metabolic disease] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/85260/1/JCU_85260_Pierce_2022_Thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis)

* 2023 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37635188/ Regulation and function of adiponectin in the intestinal epithelial cells in response to Trichinella spiralis infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460792/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460792/pdf/41598_2023_Article_41377.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Aug 21 [https://www.labonline.com.au/content/life-scientist/article/hookworms-could-offer-protection-from-severe-covid-1149206477 Hookworms could offer protection from severe COVID]

* 2023 Aug 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37629622/ The Underrated Gut Microbiota Helminths, Bacteriophages, Fungi, and Archaea] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10455619/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10455619/pdf/life-13-01765.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Aug 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585413/ The gut microbiota contributes to changes in the host immune response induced by Trichinella spiralis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10431649/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10431649/pdf/pntd.0011479.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37580819/ Inhibition of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis triggered by Trichinella spiralis intervention contributes to the alleviation of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10424392/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10424392/pdf/13071_2023_Article_5857.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37579625/ A target-based discovery from a parasitic helminth as a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases] -- [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(23)00316-X/fulltext Full text]

* 2023 Aug 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37566678/ Exposure to lung-migrating helminth protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage-dependent T cell activation]

* 2023 Aug 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622109/ Negative association between ascaris lumbricoides seropositivity and Covid-19 severity: insights from a study in Benin] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10446766/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10446766/pdf/fimmu-14-1233082.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37495576/ Effect of experimental hookworm infection on insulin resistance in people at risk of type 2 diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10372076/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10372076/pdf PDF], [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-08-01/research-finds-live-hookworm-safe-promising-diabetes/102670418 media coverage on ABC Australia]

* 2023 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37564976/ How do parasitic worms prevent diabetes? An exploration of their influence on macrophage and β-cell crosstalk] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10411736/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10411736/pdf/fendo-14-1205219.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jul 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37511355/ Antigens from the Helminth Fasciola hepatica Exert Antiviral Effects against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10380311/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10380311/pdf/ijms-24-11597.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jul 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37533870/ Gut microbiota: a newly identified environmental factor in systemic lupus erythematosus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10390700/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10390700/pdf/fimmu-14-1202850.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jul 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37520436/ Editorial: "You shall not pass" or "Let`s make a deal" - crosstalk between helminths and the host immune system]

* 2023 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37116772/ Ex vivo Immuno-modulatory effect of Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer during allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma: A study in Algerian Patients]

* 2023 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37282739/ Oral administration of helminth fluid modulates distinct tuft cell and immune-metabolic cues linked to reduced body fat]

* 2023 Jun 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37119907/ Helminth-derived biomacromolecules as therapeutic agents for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases: What lessons do we get from recent findings?]

* 2023 Jun 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37355675/ Interaction between tissue-dwelling helminth and the gut microbiota drives mucosal immunoregulation] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41522-023-00410-7 Full text]

* 2023 Jun 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37292031/ The mouse model of chronic asthma: Airway remodelling and disease exacerbation by somatic antigen of Echinococcus granulosus]

* 2023 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37383608/ The Potential Nexus between Helminths and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Literature Review] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299886/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299886/pdf/JIR2023-5544819.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37318363/ Controlled Hookworm Infection for Medication-free Maintenance in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot, Double-blind, Randomized Control Trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11063543/ Full Text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11063543/pdf/izad110.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun 12 [https://www.jsczz.cn/EN/10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.02.001 Research advances of the immune regulation of helminths and their derived molecules on mite-induced asthma] (Chinese)

* 2023 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37296126/ The interaction of Schistosoma mansoni infection with diabetes mellitus and obesity in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10256771/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10256771/pdf/41598_2023_Article_36112.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37294277/ After Bone Marrow Transplantation, the Cell-Intrinsic Th2 Pathway Promotes Recipient T Lymphocyte Survival and Regulates Graft-versus-Host Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10580113/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10580113/pdf/ih2300021.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37346033/ Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 ameliorates allergic symptoms and responses in mice with allergic rhinitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10279851/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10279851/pdf/fcimb-13-1143950.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991291/ Anti-Tumor Effect of Protoscolex Hydatid Cyst Somatic Antigen on Inhibition Cell Growth of K562]

* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37058749/ Intervention effects of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens on allergic asthma in mice]

* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37207504/ Proteomic profile of Trichinella spiralis infected mice with acute spinal cord injury: A 4D label-free quantitative analysis]

* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37076358/ Dangerous liaisons: how helminths manipulate the intestinal epithelium]

* 2023 Jun [https://repository.univ-msila.dz/items/7987d3ff-f6e5-48dc-aabb-d19a00049b5f/full Echinococcose kystique et l'helmintho-thérapie] -- [https://repository.univ-msila.dz/server/api/core/bitstreams/de28cb6f-60a2-4af2-af13-116215e0a57b/content PDF] (mémoire de master en français / in french)

* 2023 May 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37325618/ How to train your myeloid cells: a way forward for helminth vaccines?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10266106/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10266106/pdf/fimmu-14-1163364.pdf PDF]

* 2023 May 25 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/181051 Immunomodulatory properties of helminth-produced molecules and their effect during autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases] (Bachelor thesis, Czech)

* 2023 May 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37076961/ CsHscB Derived from a Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis Ameliorates Cholestatic Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis] -- [https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/131080 Full text]

* 2023 May 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37251384/ Induction of Siglec-FhiCD101hi eosinophils in the lungs following murine hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10213982/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10213982/pdf/fimmu-14-1170807.pdf PDF]

* 2023 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36890022/ Helminthic host defense peptides: using the parasite to defend the host] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(23)00033-8 Full text]

* 2023 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/210/Supplement_1/156.01/7947818 Enteric helminth infection confers protection against lethal respiratory influenza virus infection]

* 2023 May [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/s7526j95z Coordinated Parasitic and Microbial Mechanisms Regulate Effector CD8+ T cell Heterogeneity during Helminth Infection] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/j9602641m?locale=en PDF] (thesis)

* 2023 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37038955/ Immunological interactions in helminths-SARS CoV-2 coinfection: Could old enemy be a friend today?]

* 2023 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37189818/ Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10135676/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10135676/pdf/biomedicines-11-01200.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Apr 12 [https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(23)00078-1 Networking between helminths, microbes, and mammals]

* 2023 Apr [https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_297352.html Intestinal parasites-gut microbiota interactions: A review]

* 2023 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36848791/ The Trichinella spiralis-derived antigens alleviate HFD-induced obesity and inflammation in mice]

* 2023 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36063358/ Impact of helminth-microbiome interactions on childhood health and development-A clinical perspective] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pim.12949 Full text]

* 2023 Mar 25 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369895304_Trichinella_spiralis_as_a_Potential_Antitumor_Agent_An_Update Trichinella spiralis as a Potential Antitumor Agent: An Update] | [https://wvj.science-line.com/attachments/article/75/WVJ%2013(1),%2065-74%20,%20March%2025,%202023.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36993541/ Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine regulates epithelial fluid secretion] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10055254/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10055254/pdf/nihpp-2023.03.17.533208v2.pdf PDF] (preprint)

* 2023 Mar 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37020538/ Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10067736/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10067736/pdf/fimmu-14-1091352.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Mar 15 [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.23287270v1 Immune profiling, microbiome, metabolomics, and gut physiology of a 1-year controlled human hookworm infection] (Preprint)

* 2023 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36918707/ Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection increases presence of the Ruminococcus torques group in the gut and alters the microbial proteome] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10012286/ Full PDF] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10012286/pdf/41598_2023_Article_31118.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36827239/ Effects of helminths and anthelmintic treatment on cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors: A systematic review] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9956023/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9956023/pdf/pntd.0011022.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36788341/ Maternal helminth infection protects offspring from high-fat-diet-induced obesity through altered microbiota and SCFAs]

* 2023 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36780522/ Helminth egg derivatives as proregenerative immunotherapies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9974432/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9974432/pdf/pnas.202211703.pdf PDF] (improved repair and decreased fibrosis)

* 2023 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36785786/ COVID-19 morbidity in lower versus higher income populations underscores the need to restore lost biodiversity of eukaryotic symbionts] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9908430/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Feb 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36926255/ High-fat-diet induced obesity and diabetes mellitus in Th1 and Th2 biased mice strains: A brief overview and hypothesis]

* 2023 Feb 2 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3514630 Exploring host-immune-microbial interactions during intestinal schistosomiasis] -- [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3514632/view PDF] (thesis)

* 2023 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36582052/ Antigen B modulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2023 Jan 26 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3513911 Extinguishing metaflammation: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities for immunological control of metabolic dysfunctions] -- [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3513913/view PDF] (Thesis)

* 2023 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36761766/ The helminth derived peptide FhHDM-1 redirects macrophage metabolism towards glutaminolysis to regulate the pro-inflammatory response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9905698/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9905698/pdf/fimmu-14-1018076.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36818309/ Species interactions, stability, and resilience of the gut microbiota - Helminth assemblage in horses] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9929684/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9929684/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836678/ Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/pdf/life-13-00321.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36662839/ Helminth species-specific effects on IFN-γ producing T cells during active and latent tuberculosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9891516/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9891516/pdf/pntd.0011094.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39816467/ Immunomodulators secreted from parasitic helminths act on pattern recognition receptors] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731691/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731691/pdf/fpara-01-1091596.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36855464/ Protection from T cell-dependent colitis by the helminth-derived immunomodulatory mimic of transforming growth factor-β, Hp-TGM] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958376/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958376/pdf/kyad001.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36641059/ Heat shock protein 60 in parasitic helminths: a role in immune responses and therapeutic applications] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/36668953/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/36668953/ PDF]

* 2023 Jan 6 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/36668953/ PD-L2 Blockade Exacerbates Liver Lesion in Mice Infected with Capillaria hepatica through Reducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9866821/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9866821/pdf/tropicalmed-08-00046.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan-Fev [https://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0038-23532023000100008&script=sci_arttext Immunological interaction during helminth and HIV co-infection: Integrative research needs for sub-Saharan Africa]

* 2023 [https://depot.ensv.dz:8443/jspui/handle/123456789/2797 Etude bibliographique sur l’effet immunosuppresseur et thérapeutique des helminthes] (Mémoire, French)

===2022===

* 2022 Dec 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36654940/ Intestinal parasites and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9841285/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9841285/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36601618/ Does the trained immune system play an important role in the extreme longevity that is seen in the Sardinian blue zone?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806115/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806115/pdf/fragi-03-1069415.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 16 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366986476_Antigen_specificity_of_the_adaptive_immune_response_against_helminths Antigen specificity of the adaptive immune response against helminths] (Thesis)

* 2022 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36558882/ rCsHscB Derived from Clonorchis sinensis: A Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury by Repression of Inflammation]

* 2022 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36517588/ Wound healing approach based on excretory-secretory product and lysate of liver flukes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9751068/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9751068/pdf/41598_2022_Article_26275.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36569142/ The impact of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal helminth infections on gastric adenocarcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease in Sub-Saharan Africa] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780450/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780450/pdf/fmed-09-1013779.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36476263/ Gut microbiome of helminth-infected indigenous Malaysians is context dependent] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727879/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727879/pdf/40168_2022_Article_1385.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36426972/ The Impact of Helminth Coinfection on Innate and Adaptive Immune Resistance and Disease Tolerance during Toxoplasmosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10065986/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10065986/pdf/nihms-1839921.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 1 [https://univ-pau.hal.science/hal-03887621/ Worms or sugar? Mass deworming treatment doubles the probability to suffer from diabetes ten to fifteen years later] (preprint)

* 2022 Dec [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=9587653 Parásitos como terapia para enfermedades humanas: Una revisión de los ensayos clínicos con terapia helmíntica] (Spanish)
* 2022 Nov 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36370451/ Following the Indian Immigrant: adoption of westernization results in a western gut microbiome and an increased risk of inflammatory bowel diseases] -- [https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/femsec/fiac133 Full text]

* 2022 Nov 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36558772/ The Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta as an Important Model Organism in the Experimental Parasitology of the 21st Century] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784563/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784563/pdf/pathogens-11-01439.pdf PDF] (HDC)

* 2022 Nov 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36482987/ Modulatory effect of filarial infection on the systemic hormone levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (DM-LF5)]

* 2022 Nov 21 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494558v2.full.pdf Natural strongyle infection reduces relative abundance of inflammation-inducing Prevotella in wild primates] (Preprint)

* 2022 Nov 20 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971223002527 Demystifying the gut worms] (Conference)

* 2022 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36443262/ Schistosoma japonicum Eggs Exerts Protective Effects in an Experimental Ulcerative Colitis Model] -- [https://www.besjournal.com/en/article/doi/10.3967/bes2022.138 Full text]

* 2022 Nov 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36371346/ Fasciola hepatica extract suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro and alleviates experimental arthritis] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42358-022-00275-y Full text]

* 2022 Nov 10 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515832v1 Helminth exposure protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage dependent T cell activation] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515832v1.full Full text] | [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515832v1.full.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36405424/ Evaluation of delayed LNFPIII treatment initiation protocol on improving long-term behavioral and neuroinflammatory pathology in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness]

* 2022 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39816470/ The immunology of parasite infections: Grand challenges] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11732110/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11732110/pdf/fpara-01-1069205.pdf PDF] (editorial)

* 2022 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36359526/ Immunological Interactions between Intestinal Helminth Infections and Tuberculosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9689268/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9689268/pdf/diagnostics-12-02676.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36362143/ Helminths and Bacterial Microbiota: The Interactions of Two of Humans’ “Old Friends”] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9658883/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9658883/pdf/ijms-23-13358.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35906137/ Hymenolepis diminuta] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(22)00154-4 Abstract] (HDC)

* 2022 Nov [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anas-E-Almousawi/publication/365401339_Did_helminths_guard_against_autoimmune_conditions/links/6373bbfd54eb5f547cd5ab93/Did-helminths-guard-against-autoimmune-conditions.pdf Did helminths guard against autoimmune conditions?]

* 2022 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36289514/ Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and antigen B may decrease inflammatory bowel disease through regulation of M1/2 polarization] -- [https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05498-y Full text]

* 2022 Oct 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36240286/ Resident TH2 cells orchestrate adipose tissue remodeling at a site adjacent to infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11905186/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11905186/pdf/nihms-1861112.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct 22 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9783527823413.ch19 The Host–Helminth Interface as a Rich Resource for Novel Drug Targets] chapter of "Human and Animal Filariases: Landscape, Challenges, and Control" book

* 2022 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36297265/ Inhibition Effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Its Derivatives against Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice through Anti-Inflammatory Response] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1208/htm Full text]

* 2022 Oct 19 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/80602 Helminths Derived Immune-Modulatory Molecules: Implications in Host-Parasite Interaction] (Book chapter of Parasitic Helminths and Zoonoses - From Basic to Applied Research)

* 2022 Oct 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36304936/ Protective effect of Schistosoma japonicum eggs on TNBS-induced colitis is associated with regulating Treg/Th17 balance and reprogramming glycolipid metabolism in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9592807/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9592807/pdf/fcimb-12-1028899.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36297220/ A New Role for Old Friends: Effects of Helminth Infections on Vaccine Efficacy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9608950/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9608950/pdf/pathogens-11-01163.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36194274/ Identification and expression of a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) homologue in the tropical liver fluke Fasciola gigantica] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-022-07679-1 Full text]

* 2022 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36263053/ Helminth infection and helminth-derived products: A novel therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573989/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573989/pdf/fimmu-13-999412.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35758054/ Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885513/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885513/pdf/IMM-167-197.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35843307/ Toxocara canis extract fractions promote mainly the production of Th1 and regulatory cytokines by human leukocytes in vitro] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X22002716?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35932662/ Gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus: A fuse and a solution] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0896841122000750?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Oct [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/2v23w0083 Helminth Infection Modulation of Antigen-Induced-Arthritis: Characterizing the Effects of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus Bakeri Infection on Murine Knee Joint Inflammation] (Thesis, McGill) (intermediate [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPL5YxGfNQ8 Youtube presentation])

* 2022 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36175934/ Whipworm secretions and their roles in host-parasite interactions] -- [https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05483-5 Full text]

* 2022 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36238295/ Excretory/secretory proteins inhibit host immune responses by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathway: A possible mechanism of immune evasion in parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9551057/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9551057/pdf/fimmu-13-1013159.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 23 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.508369v1.abstract Intestinal helminth infection impairs oral and parenteral vaccine efficacy] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.508369v1.full.pdf Full pdf] (preprint)

* 2021 Sep 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34550875/ Infection-exposure in infancy is associated with reduced allergy-related disease in later childhood in a Ugandan cohort] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8457824/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8457824/pdf/elife-66022.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36211336/ Extracellular vesicles derived from Trichinella Spiralis larvae promote the polarization of macrophages to M2b type and inhibit the activation of fibroblasts] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9532625/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9532625/pdf/fimmu-13-974332.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39816468/ Immunomodulatory and biological properties of helminth-derived small molecules: Potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731824/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731824/pdf/fpara-01-984152.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36186812/ Peptides derived from hookworm anti-inflammatory proteins suppress inducible colitis in mice and inflammatory cytokine production by human cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9524151/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9524151/pdf/fmed-09-934852.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36084127/ Cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9491586/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9491586/pdf/pntd.0010774.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36070344/ Monocytes maintain central nervous system homeostasis following helminth-induced inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9478671/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9478671/pdf/pnas.202201645.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 6 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1062359022040070 Parasitic Infections and Intestinal Microbiota: A Review]

* 2022 Sep 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037362/ Novel antiinflammatory biologics shaped by parasite-host coevolution] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9457177/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9457177/pdf/pnas.202202795.pdf PDF] (critique 2022 Sep 13 [https://crev.info/2022/09/co-evolution-helminth/ Does Co-Evolution Explain Helminth Therapy?] (IBD)

* 2022 Sep 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35938990/ Helminth-induced reprogramming of the stem cell compartment inhibits type 2 immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9365672/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9365672/pdf/JEM_20212311.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057627/ Sirtuin 6 maintains epithelial STAT6 activity to support intestinal tuft cell development and type 2 immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9440928/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9440928/pdf/41467_2022_Article_32846.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35621040/ Exploring the role of macrophages in determining the pathogenesis of liver fluke infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010472/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010472/pdf/S0031182022000749a.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35712983/ The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pim.12939 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pim.12939 PDF]

* 2022 Aug 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36045216/ Food for thought - ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9705246/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9705246/pdf/41385_2022_Article_559.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36105811/ The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects the osteoimmunology axis in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated ageing] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9465317/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9465317/pdf/fimmu-13-953053.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36041486/ Trichinella Infection Ameliorated Vincristine-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9441445/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9441445/pdf/kjp-60-4-247.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36116939/ Role of alternative activation of macrophages in hookworm therapy for inflammatory diseases: a review] -- [https://www.zgxfzz.com/EN/abstract/abstract11356.shtml Full text] (Chinese)

* 2022 Aug 17 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9423606/ Helminth species dependent effects on Th1 and Th17 cytokines in active tuberculosis patients and healthy community controls] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9423606/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9423606/pdf/pntd.0010721.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35964125/ Immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus by adjuvant-free Schistosoma japonicum-egg tip-loaded asymmetric microneedle patch (STAMP)] -- [https://jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12951-022-01581-9 Full text]

* 2022 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36040420/ Early life mebendazole exposure increases the risk of adult-onset ulcerative colitis: a population-based cohort study]

* 2022 Aug 9 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-00303-5_4 Under the Influence: The Systemic Consequences of Helminth Infection] (chapter of "Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health" book)

* 2022 Aug 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35955110/ Hymenolepis diminuta Infection Affects Apoptosis in the Small and Large Intestine] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368115/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368115/pdf/ijerph-19-09753.pdf PDF] (HDC)

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36054460/ Evaluation of the immunoregulatory effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EAE model] (Multiple sclerosis)

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35926464/ Adenosine metabolized from extracellular ATP promotes type 2 immunity through triggering A2BAR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9402265/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9402265/pdf/nihms-1828073.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-00303-5_17 Can the Study of Parasitic Helminths Be Fruitful for Human Diseases?] book chapter of "Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health"

* 2022 Aug 1 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/15/7743 Cytokines, Chemokines, Insulin and Haematological Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats Infected with Trichinella zimbabwensis]

* 2022 Aug 1 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/8/1235?fbclid=IwAR2Y4zm19t6UklmkK0WiNZEJyzDWZpqYKNYygzA1UkEFoaMUt9djgtn0vHk Harnessing Immune Evasion Strategy of Lymphatic Filariae: A Therapeutic Approach against Inflammatory and Infective Pathology] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/8/1235/htm Full text]

* 2022 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35649322/ Antigens from the parasitic nematode Trichuris suis induce metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity to constrain inflammatory responses in macrophages] || [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043466622001284?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35691271/ Trichinella spiralis cystatin alleviates polymicrobial sepsis through activating regulatory macrophages] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576922003915?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Jul 27 [https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-anthro-101819-110236 The Ecoimmunology of Health and Disease: The Hygiene Hypothesis and Plasticity in Human Immune Function]

* 2022 Jul 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35911717/ The Protective Effect of the Soluble Egg Antigen of Schistosoma japonicum in A Mouse Skin Transplantation Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9332893/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9332893/pdf/fimmu-13-884006.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jul 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35804460/ The production of Necator americanus larvae for use in experimental human infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9264692/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9264692/pdf/13071_2022_Article_5371.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35523284/ Trichinella spiralis infection ameliorates the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced experimental colitis in mice]

* 2022 Jul [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/85260/ Experimental hookworm infection in humans with metabolic disease] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/85260/1/JCU_85260_Pierce_2022_Thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis, James Cook)

* 2022 Jun 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35844529/ Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back]

* 2022 Jun 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35764965/ Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9241220/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9241220/pdf/12916_2022_Article_2441.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35748460/ "Out of the box" new therapeutic strategies for Crohn’s disease: moving beyond biologics] | [https://online.reed.es/DOI/PDF/ArticuloDOI_9010.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35732819/ Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome] -- [https://www.mucosalimmunology.org/article/S1933-0219(22)01749-4/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.mucosalimmunology.org/action/showPdf?pii=S1933-0219%2822%2901749-4 PDF]

* 2022 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35790432/ Protective effect of excretory-secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae against myocardial injury in septic mice] (Chinese)

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747061/ Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/pdf/eoac009.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35757733/ Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: The Expanding World of Helminth Modulation of the Immune System] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9229775/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9229775/pdf/fimmu-13-874308.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35675339/ Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9212162/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9212162/pdf/pntd.0010491.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35697723/ Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection enhances spatial memory of uninfected juvenile mouse pups] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9192650/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9192650/pdf/41598_2022_Article_13971.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35692479/ Mitigation of Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis by Trichinellaspiralis infection pinpointing immunomodulation]

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34968529/ Helminth infections and allergic diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global literature]

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35774197/ Nematode surface functionalization with hydrogel sheaths tailored in situ] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9237936/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9237936/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun [https://dspace.umh.es/handle/11000/28420 Respuesta inmune frente a nemátodos intestinales] -- [https://dspace.umh.es/bitstream/11000/28420/1/MART%c3%8dNEZ%20LUJ%c3%81N%2c%20CARMEN%20.pdf PDF] (pharmacy thesis)

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35428872/ Tissue-based IL-10 signalling in helminth infection limits IFNγ expression and promotes the intestinal Th2 response] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705258/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705258/pdf/41385_2022_Article_513.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35680972/ Tissue-specific immunity in helminth infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9178325/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9178325/pdf/41385_2022_Article_531.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35639713/ Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: Impact on diabetic complication-related renal biochemical parameters] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9154194/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9154194/pdf/pone.0269080.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 26 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-1786-8_2 Parasitic Helminths of Medical and Public Health Importance] (Book chapter from [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-19-1786-8 "Molecular Systematics of Parasitic Helminths"])

* 2022 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35720355/ Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein 1 Modulates T cell Polarization by Promoting Dendritic Cell Thrombospondin-1 Secretion Without Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis in Obese Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9204345/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9204345/pdf/fimmu-13-884663.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615625/ Trichinella-induced immunomodulation: Another tale of helminth success] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9125654/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9125654/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35357743/ Helminthic dehydrogenase drives PGE2 and IL-10 production in monocytes to potentiate Treg induction] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9066053/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9066053/pdf/EMBR-23-e54096.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35499991/ Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9098094/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9098094/pdf/pntd.0010105.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35073608/ Association between allergic sensitization and intestinal parasite infection in schoolchildren in Gqeberha, South Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310757/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310757/pdf/CEA-52-670.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May [https://www.proquest.com/openview/ed7b8d9d677bbda6871ef71c1d7141d1/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Effects of Schistosoma Mansoni and Other Helminths on Gastrointestinal Mucosal and Cardiometabolic Diseases] (masters dissertation)

* 2022 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35509426/ How the gut parasitome affects human health] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9058362/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9058362/pdf/10.1177_17562848221091524.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39816472/ Frontiers in Parasitology Grand Challenge] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731821/ Full text]

* 2022 Apr 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35625566/ Administration of Hookworm Excretory/Secretory Proteins Improves Glucose Tolerance in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9138508/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9138508/pdf/biomolecules-12-00637.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr 19 [https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1556365/v1/bb5bf2db-ddca-4b71-8c35-d5e3511072be.pdf AntigenB drives M1/M2 polarization following Echinococcus granulosus infection in inflammatory bowel disease] (preprint)

* 2022 Apr 15 [https://dash.harvard.edu/entities/publication/41e6dd3b-cfdb-4dfc-88bc-8eba1114db02 Microbiota-Epithelial-Eosinophil Interactions in the Gut] -- [https://dash.harvard.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/2dd86901-7968-497c-863c-34f5b0f485dd/content PDF] (thesis)

* 2022 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35385697/ Epithelial STAT6 O-GlcNAcylation drives a concerted anti-helminth alarmin response dependent on tuft cell hyperplasia and Gasdermin C] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109499/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109499/pdf/nihms-1791543.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35353624/ Ascarosides from helminths pack a punch against allergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9169083/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9169083/pdf/pnas.202202250.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr-Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36032740/ Anticancer Activity of Hydatid Cyst Fluid along with Antigen B on Tumors Induced by 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell in a BALB/c Mice Model]

* 2022 Apr [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/zp38wj78f The Analysis and Characterization of the Excretory/Secretory Products of Parasitic Helminths as Immunomodulators of Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (Master)

* 2022 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35151653/ Helminth antigens modulate human PBMCs, attenuating disease progression in a humanised mouse model of graft versus host disease]

* 2022 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35191175/ Targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic β-cells to enhance their survival and function: An emerging therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9060113/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9060113/pdf/JDB-14-247.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35313265/ Relevance of Helminth-Microbiota interplay in the host immune response] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0008874922000235?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Mar 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35357756/ A Good Day for Helminths: how parasite-derived GDH suppresses inflammatory responses] -- [https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embr.202255054 Full text]

* 2022 Mar 23 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-91051-8_2 Human Evolution, Microorganisms, Socioeconomic Status and Reconciling Necessary Microbial Exposures with Essential Hygien] chapter of "Evolution, Biodiversity and a Reassessment of the Hygiene Hypothesis" book

* 2022 Mar 23 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/80931 Therapeutic Properties of Trichinella spiralis (Nematoda) in Chronic Degenerative Diseases] chapter from "Parasitic Helminths and Zoonoses - From Basic to Applied Research" (Lupus)

* 2022 Mar 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35582426/ SJMHE1 protects against excessive iodine-induced pyroptosis in human thyroid follicular epithelial cells through a toll-like receptor 2-dependent pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9108411/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9108411/pdf/ijmsv19p0631.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Mar 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35386686/ Parasitomimetics: Can We Utilize Parasite-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules for Interventions to Immunological Disorders?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977410/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977410/pdf/fimmu-13-824695.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35286352/ Infection with intestinal helminth (Hymenolepis diminuta) impacts exploratory behavior and cognitive processes in rats by changing the central level of neurotransmitters] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010330 Full text] (HDC)

* 2022 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35288644/ Microbial regulation of intestinal motility provides resistance against helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705251/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705251/pdf/41385_2022_Article_498.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Mar 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35359963/ Not All Worms Were Created Equal] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960138/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960138/pdf/fimmu-13-877707.pdf PDF] (NB. This paper does not include all the facts that are pertinent to the case discussed. For additional important details, see: [[Helminthic therapy safety#Do hookworms pose a threat to patients with respiratory disease? | Do hookworms pose a threat to patients with respiratory disease?]])

* 2022 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35210367/ Nematode ascarosides attenuate mammalian type 2 inflammatory responses] (Comment : 2022 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35353624/ Ascarosides from helminths pack a punch against allergy]

* 2022 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35435987/ Review of the role of parasitic nematode excretory/secretory proteins in host immunomodulation]

* 2022 Mar [https://elibrary.pu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1065 Influence of pre-existing immune activation by parasites on SARS-CoV-2 immune response] -- [https://elibrary.pu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/1065/HANNAH%20WANJA%20KIMINGI.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Master of science)

* 2022 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35076687/ The interplay of helminthic neuropeptides and proteases in parasite survival and host immunomodulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9042389/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9042389/ PDF]

* 2022 Mar [https://academic.oup.com/jcag/article/5/Supplement_1/13/6532814 Isolation of non-polar metabolites in excretory/secretory products from parasitic helminths and their potential as immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease]

* 2022 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34861106/ Immunomodulation of COVID-19 severity by helminth co-infection: Implications for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iid3.573 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.573 PDF]

* 2022 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35537837/ Effect of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid protein on allergic rhinitis induced by ovalbumin in mice] (chinese)

* 2022 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35281054/ Helminth and Host Crosstalk: New Insight Into Treatment of Obesity and Its Associated Metabolic Syndromes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8913526/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8913526/pdf/fimmu-13-827486.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35281745/ Bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis is attenuated by Trichinella spiralis through inhibiting M1 monocyte/macrophage polarization] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8914552/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8914552/pdf/main.pdf PDF]]

* 2022 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35202548/ Helminth products modulate innate immune recognition of nucleic acids in systemic lupus erythematosus]

* 2022 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35188279/ Concurrent allergy and helminthiasis in underprivileged urban South African adults previously residing in rural areas] (NB. Ascarids are known to be associated with asthma, [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16778161/] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25702830] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17698018] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30249744] unlike the species used in helminthic therapy.)

* 2022 Feb 18 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119600206.ch147 Parasitic diseases: helminths] (book chapter of Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology, Seventh Edition)

* 2022 Feb 16 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/9664 Chronic Helminth Infection Ameliorates Colitis via ***** regeneration program] (Thesis, Bonn) (see the conference 2021 Mar 1 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olga-Pershina/publication/349807618_Treamid_is_a_potential_compound_for_inhibiting_fibrosis_and_accelerating_endothelial_regeneration_in_idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis/links/6041ece54585154e8c780aa9/Treamid-is-a-potential-compound-for-inhibiting-fibrosis-and-accelerating-endothelial-regeneration-in-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis.pdf Chronic helminth infection ameliorates colitis via the soy derived metabolite daidzein])

* 2022 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35237268/ Tuft Cells and Their Role in Intestinal Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8884241/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8884241/pdf/fimmu-13-822867.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Feb 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35222441/ The Fight Against Severe COVID-19: Can Parasitic Worms Contribute?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8874793/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8874793/pdf/fimmu-13-849465.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Feb 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35113339/ Functional Diversity of the Excretory/Secretory Proteins of Nematode Parasites] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11686-022-00523-7 Full text]

* 2022 Feb 2 [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1612164 Modulation of Fetomaternal Crosstalk through Chronic Helminth Infection: Sustained Alterations to T Cell Responses and DC Functionality] (Thesis, Munich)

* 2022 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34863801/ Helminth-induced CD9+ B-cell subset alleviates obesity-associated inflammation via IL-10 production] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020751921003143?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34854999/ Profiles of CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T cells and circulating cytokines in hookworm-infected children in southern Thailand]

* 2022 Jan 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35174106/ Identification of a Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA That Suppresses Hepatoma Cell Growth and Migration by Targeting Host FZD4 Gene]

* 2022 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35077485/ The association of Schistosoma and geohelminth infections with β-cell function and insulin resistance among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults: A cross-sectional study in Tanzania] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8789133/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8789133/pdf/pone.0262860.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35140712/ Concurrent Infection With the Filarial Helminth Litomosoides sigmodontis Attenuates or Worsens Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis in a Stage-Dependent Manner]

* 2022 Jan 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35087284/ Helminth Therapy for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Current and Future Perspectives] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8789313/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8789313/pdf/jir-15-475.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35115243/ Helminths and COVID-19 susceptibility, disease progression, and vaccination efficacy] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471492222000083 Full text]

* 2022 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35031905/ Na-AIP-1 secreted by human hookworms suppresses collagen-induced arthritis]

* 2022 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35049796/ The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium in the "Weep and Sweep" Response during Gastro-Intestinal Helminth Infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8772803/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8772803/pdf/animals-12-00175.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35026130/ Helminths are positively AMPing up gut de-bugging] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(21)00587-4 Full text]

* 2022 Jan 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35083280/ Helminth Glycans at the Host-Parasite Interface and Their Potential for Developing Novel Therapeutics] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8784694/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8784694/pdf/fmolb-08-807821.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34991711/ Exacerbation of allergic asthma by somatic antigen of Echinococcus granulosus in allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8734303/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8734303/pdf/13071_2021_Article_5125.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 1 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-5105-2_22 Potential Influence of Parasitic Interactions on COVID-19 Pathology and Epidemiology] (chapter of Delineating Health and Health System: Mechanistic Insights into Covid 19 Complications)

* 2022 Jan-Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36046565/ Anti-Tumor Effect of Marshallagia marshalli Somatic Antigen on Inhibition Cell Growth of K562] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9375725/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9375725/pdf/IJPA-17-28.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489421001260 Potential of human helminth therapy for resolution of inflammatory bowel disease: The future ahead]

* 2022 Jan [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/83000/ The dynamics and roles of CD4+ T cells during H. polygyrus infection] -- [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/83000/1/2022McManusPhD.pdf PDF] (Phd thesis)

* 2022 Jan [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/158308 Investigating the Potential of Novel Helminth-derived Peptides as Therapeutics for Obesity Related Pathologies] (Thesis)

* 2022 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34627760/ Excretory-secretory product of Trichinella spiralis inhibits tumor cell growth by regulating the immune response and inducing apoptosis]

* 2022 [https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/46162 Léčba autoimunitních onemocnění helmintoterapií] (bachelor thesis, czech)

* 2022 [https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/suurj/vol6/iss1/17/ Parasite Hospitality: How Parasitic Helminth Worms Help Researchers Prevent Type 1 Diabetes] -- [https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1251&context=suurj PDF]

* 2022 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128243909000050 Immunomodulatory effects of parasites on autoimmunity] chapter 17 of Translational Autoimmunity vol 2 book

* 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=H2J6EAAAQBAJ&lpg=PR15&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA347#v=onepage&q&f=false Parasitology: an integrated approach, chapter 12, the useful parasites] (book)

* 2022 [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9781003220398-26/health-helminths-revisiting-paradigm-host-parasite-relationship-abdur-rehman-abidi Health and Helminths: Revisiting the Paradigm of Host-Parasite Relationship] chapter of "Biodiversity" book

* 2022 [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9781003220398-30/helminthiasis-tropical-environment-immunomodulatory-role-regulating-dynamics-covid-19-infections-anita-yadav-neerja-kapoor-shivji-malviya-sandeep-malhotra Helminthiasis in a Tropical Environment in Immunomodulatory Role Regulating Dynamics of COVID-19 Infections] chapter of "Biodiversity" book

* 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=z9p4EAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA204&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false Evolutionary perspectives on human parasitic infection: from ancient parasites to modern medicine] chapter of "Palaeopathology and Evolutionary Medicine: An Integrated Approach" book

* 2022 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Investigating_Systemic_Immune_Biomarkers_in_a_Controlled_Human_Hookworm_Infection_Model/20217368?file=36132098 Investigating Systemic Immune Biomarkers in a Controlled Human Hookworm Infection Model] (Master thesis)

* 2022 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20230424845 Preliminary study of the immunomodulatory effect of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto antigen B on immune thrombocytopenia mouse model]

* 2022 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13410-021-00970-4 Protective effect and mechanism of Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen against type 1 diabetes in NOD mice]

* 2022 [https://openarchive.ki.se/articles/thesis/Understanding_allergies_how_infections_affect_the_function_of_T_helper_cells/26895838?file=48936922 Understanding allergies : how infections affect the function of T helper cells] (Thesis, Stockholm)

===2021===

* 2021 Dec 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35049985/ Prevalence of Pneumocystosis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Helminth Immune Modulation]

* 2021 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34969052/ Schistosome immunomodulators] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8718004/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8718004/pdf/ppat.1010064.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34937173/ Recombinant Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic Drug in an Acute Gram-Negative Nonhuman Primate Sepsis Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8694124/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8694124/pdf/spectrum.01910-21.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34933444/ Helminth-Induced Human Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Reveals Insights into Altered Taxon Diversity and Microbial Gradient Collapse] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689561/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689561/pdf/mbio.02890-21.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34930198/ Rapidly progressive respiratory failure after helminth larvae ingestion] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8686539/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8686539/pdf/12890_2021_Article_1788.pdf PDF] (NB. This report omits important facts about the case described, and includes incorrect and misleading details. For a more accurate account, see, [[Helminthic therapy safety#Do hookworms pose a threat to patients with respiratory disease? | '''Do hookworms pose a threat to patients with respiratory disease?''']])

* 2021 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35046625/ Recombinant protein Schistosoma japonicum-derived molecule attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by inhibiting miRNA-217-5p to alleviate apoptosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678816/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678816/pdf/WJG-27-7982.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34882670/ Experimental human hookworm infection: a narrative historical review] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659326/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659326/pdf/pntd.0009908.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 8 [https://theses.fr/2021LILUS044 Compréhension du mécanisme d'action de la P28GST dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires auto-immunes] -- [https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS044.pdf PDF] (Thesis in French)

* 2021 Dec 6 [https://evmedreview.com/evolutionary-medicine-helps-explain-pandemic-dynamics-predictions-regarding-clinical-impact-of-covid-19-borne-out/ Evolutionary medicine helps explain pandemic dynamics: Predictions regarding clinical impact of COVID-19 borne out]

* 2021 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34774540/ The yin and yang of human soil-transmitted helminth infections]

* 2021 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34467547/ Helminth infections and cardiovascular diseases: A role for the microbiota and Mϕs?] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jleukbio/article/110/6/1269/6884696 Full text]

* 2021 Dec [[media:Treatment_of_Refractory_Chronic_Migraine_with_Worm_Eggs.pdf |Treatment of Refractory Chronic Migraine with Worm Eggs: A Therapy Rooted in Evolution]] (TSO)

* 2021 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34487719/ The effect of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 2 diabetes] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X21002527 Full text]

* 2021 Nov 30 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20220519402 Helminthiasis versus chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory diseases (IBD)] (Slovak)

* 2021 Nov 26 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/items/77c8a366-2e2c-48a5-bfbf-555eb6ed6635 Factors associated with schistosomiasis and modulation of allergic reactivity in infected individuals with low parasite load in northern Minas Gerais, before and after one year of treatment with Praziquantel] (Thesis, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)

* 2021 Nov 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34901005/ Therapeutic Effect of Schistosoma japonicum Cystatin on Atherosclerotic Renal Damage]

* 2021 Nov 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33822083/ Diminished Circulating Levels of Angiogenic Factors and Rage Ligands in Helminth-Diabetes Comorbidity and Reversal Following Anthelmintic Treatment] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8599919/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8599919/ PDF]

* 2021 Nov 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34764345/ Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain]

* 2021 Nov 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34858883/ Mining Anti-Inflammation Molecules From Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-Derived Products Through the Metabolomics Approach] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8632049/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8632049/pdf/fcimb-11-781132.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Nov 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34390759/ Oral delivery of a functional algal-expressed TGF-β mimic halts colitis in a murine DSS model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8516079/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8516079/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34748611/ Suppression of inflammatory arthritis by the parasitic worm product ES-62 is associated with epigenetic changes in synovial fibroblasts] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601611/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601611/pdf/ppat.1010069.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Nov 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34735253/ A helminth-induced antimicrobial protein]

* 2021 Nov 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34735226/ Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977106/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977106/pdf/nihms-1788060.pdf PDF] (Science)

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34869783/ A Helminth-Derived Chitinase Structurally Similar to Mammalian Chitinase Displays Immunomodulatory Properties in Inflammatory Lung Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8639245/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8639245/pdf/JIR2021-6234836.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Nov [https://www.myeventflo.com/brochures/Poster0023378.pdf Targeted Identification of New Parasite Immunomodulators Against Allergic Asthma] (Poster)

* ✅ 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737071/ Socio-medical studies of individuals self-treating with helminths provide insight into clinical trial design for assessing helminth therapy] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576921002063 Full text] | [[media:Socio-medical_studies_of_individuals_self-treating_with_helminths_provide_insight_into_clinical_trial_design_for_assessing_helminth_therapy.pdf | PDF]]

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197631/ Interleukin-35 is a critical regulator of immunity during helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517594/ Full text]

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34374810/ The parasite-derived peptide FhHDM-1 activates the PI3K/Akt pathway to prevent cytokine-induced apoptosis of β-cells]

* 2021 Oct 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34717799/ Enteric pathogens induce tissue tolerance and prevent neuronal loss from subsequent infections]

* 2021 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737582/ The Influence of Helminth Immune Regulation on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes: Is it Beneficial or Detrimental?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558425/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558425/pdf/idr-14-4421.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34868595/ Helminth infection is associated with dampened cytokine responses to viral and bacterial stimulations in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634526/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634526/pdf/eoab035.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34745091/ Parasite-Derived Excretory-Secretory Products Alleviate Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Improve Cognitive Impairment Induced by a High-Fat Diet] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564115/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564115/pdf/fimmu-12-710513.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34733292/ Emerging Role of Eosinophils in Resolution of Arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558534/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558534/pdf/fimmu-12-764825.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34703270/ SJMHE1 Peptide from Schistosoma japonicum Inhibits Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance via miR-155] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8523811/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8523811/pdf/jir-14-5305.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34691057/ Crosstalk of Microorganisms and Immune Responses in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: A Focus on Regulatory T Cells]

* 2021 Oct-Dec [https://www.sciencevision.org/issue/51/article/316 Parasites: Disease or cure?]

* 2021 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34274545/ Parasite-based interventions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A systematic review]

* 2021 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34363897/ Harnessing immunomodulatory mechanisms of Trichinella spiralis to design novel nanomedical approaches for restoring self-tolerance in autoimmunity]

* 2021 Sep 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34579797/ Use of helminth therapy for management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: a systematic review]

* 2021 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34583903/ Commandeering the mammalian Ago2 miRNA network: a newly discovered mechanism of helminth immunomodulation]

* 2021 Sep 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34550875/ Infection-exposure in infancy is associated with reduced allergy-related disease in later childhood in a Ugandan cohort] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8457824/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8457824/pdf/elife-66022.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep 22 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-1947-2_1 The Good Side of Evil: Harnessing the Power of Helminths as Therapeutics] (chapter book of Microbial Products for Health, Environment and Agriculture)

* 2021 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34432219/ Helminth protection against type-1 diabetes: an insight into immunomodulatory effect of helminth-induced infection] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11033-021-06663-9 Full text]

* 2021 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586066/ APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8480980/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8480980/pdf/elife-68231.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34517928/ Cooperation between host immunity and the gut bacteria is essential for helminth-evoked suppression of colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8438845/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8438845/pdf/40168_2021_Article_1146.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34488863/ Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 inhibits acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8422783/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8422783/pdf/13071_2021_Article_4977.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33961896/ Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFPIII) ameliorates acute aberrations in hippocampal synaptic transmission in a Gulf War Illness animal model]

* 2021 Sep-Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34256162/ Delayed treatment with the immunotherapeutic LNFPIII ameliorates multiple neurological deficits in a pesticide-nerve agent prophylactic mouse model of Gulf War Illness]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33745189/ Impact of early life geohelminths on wheeze, asthma and atopy in Ecuadorian children at 8 years] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496980/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496980/pdf/ALL-76-2765.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33684437/ Fetomaternal immune cross talk modifies T-cell priming through sustained changes to DC function]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107115/ Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with decreased risk of respiratory allergy symptoms and low production of CCL2]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34368662/ Effect of co-infection with intestinal parasites on COVID-19 severity: A prospective observational cohort study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8324426/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8324426/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34433129/ Infection by Strongyloides venezuelensis attenuates chronic colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate ingestion in BALB/c mice]

* 2021 Aug 31 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/17/8079 Immunological and Pathophysiological Outcomes of Helminth Infections and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity Studies in Humans and Experimental Animals — A Scoping Review]

* 2021 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34425258/ Safety and tolerability of medicinal parasite ova (Trichuris suis) in healthy Japanese volunteers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial]

* 2021 Aug 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34406855/ Exposure to Parasitic Protists and Helminths Changes the Intestinal Community Structure of Bacterial Communities in a Cohort of Mother-Child Binomials from a Semirural Setting in Mexico] -- [https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00083-21 Full text] | [https://journals.asm.org/doi/epub/10.1128/mSphere.00083-21 PDF]

* 2021 Aug 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34433129/ Infection by Strongyloides venezuelensis attenuates chronic colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate ingestion in BALB/c mice]

* 2021 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34102195/ Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III ameliorates acute and persisting hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission deficits in a Gulf War Illness mouse model]

* 2021 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34445445/ Lectin-Mediated Bacterial Modulation by the Intestinal Nematode Ascaris suum] — [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353903554 Full text]

* 2021 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34456879/ The Impact of Helminth Infection on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397462/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397462/pdf/fendo-12-728396.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Aug 6 [http://ddigital.umss.edu/handle/123456789/24443 Enfermedades autoinmunes y tratamiento con helmintos] (Spanish)

* 2021 Aug 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451458/ Infection with Hymenolepis diminuta Blocks Colitis and Hastens Recovery While Colitis Has Minimal Impact on Expulsion of the Cestode from the Mouse Host] — [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8401575/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8401575/pdf/pathogens-10-00994.pdf PDF] (HDC)

* 2021 Aug 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34888545/ Patterns of allergic sensitization and factors associated with emergence of sensitization in the rural tropics early in the life course: findings of an Ecuadorian birth cohort] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7612078/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7612078/pdf/falgy-02-687073.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Aug 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34413850/ Mycobacterium-Induced Th1, Helminths-Induced Th2 Cells and the Potential Vaccine Candidates for Allergic Asthma: Imitation of Natural Infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8369065/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8369065/pdf/fimmu-12-696734.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Aug [https://www.proquest.com/openview/49ce7153242abb1b34c1694fe55cf06a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Testing the Efficacy of Fh15, a Recombinant Fatty Acid Binding Protein from Fasciola hepatica, as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic in an Acute Gram-Negative Non-Human Primate Sepsis Model] (Thesis)

* 2021 Jul 20 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76922 Helminth Induced Immunomodulation against Metainflammation and Insulin Resistance] book chapter from Inflammation in the 21st Century

* 2021 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34336843/ Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Induces Colonic Regulatory T Cells to Mitigate Inflammatory Bowel Disease]

* 2021 Jul [https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/som_pub/390/ Implications of helminth immunomodulation on COVID-19 co-infections] -- [https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1391&context=som_pub PDF]

* 2021 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33993100/ The fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) decreases the clinical signs and modulates immune responses in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576921003921 Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2021 Jun 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34249002/ Nrf2 Participates in M2 Polarization by Trichinella spiralis to Alleviate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8261282/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8261282/pdf/fimmu-12-698494.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jun 21 [https://jams.jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JAMS/article/view/24117 Relationship between Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Padang City]

* 2021 Jun 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34154932/ Gut-microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: Overlooked mediators in host-helminth interactions?]

* 2021 Jun 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34221971/ A Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA Exerts Antitumor Effects Through Inhibition of Both Cell Migration and Angiogenesis by Targeting PGAM1]

* 2021 Jun 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34135384/ Helminth derived factors inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammation in bacterial peritonitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209178/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209178/pdf/41598_2021_Article_92001.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34171587/ SARS-CoV-2 and helminth co-infections, and environmental pollution exposure: An epidemiological and immunological perspective] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8205275/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8205275/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34111180/ Hookworm treatment induces a decrease of suppressive regulatory T cell associated with a Th2 inflammatory response] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252921 Full text] Allergic sensitisation increased following treatment with albendazole.

* 2021 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34169075/ Allergen-Specific Treg Cells Upregulated by Lung-Stage S. japonicum Infection Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation]

* 2021 Jun 7 [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/11/2533 The New Status of Parasitic Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic—Risk Factors or Protective Agents?] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/11/2533/htm Full text] (Review)

* 2021 Jun 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34075861/ The interplay between Trichuris and the microbiota] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8660641/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8660641/pdf/S0031182021000834a.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jun 1 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/items/0dd1c515-c325-499c-a4fe-af4c9e440f2a As influências metabólicas e imunológicas da infecção helmíntica nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento de obesidade experimental] (Thesis, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33964315/ Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products downregulate MMP-9 in Dark Agouti rats affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33676036/ A netrin domain-containing protein secreted by the human hookworm Necator americanus protects against CD4 T cell transfer colitis] -- [https://www.translationalres.com/article/S1931-5244(21)00049-9/fulltext Full text]

* 2021 Jun [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354011557_Crude_Necator_americanus_worm_extract_diminishes_pancreatic_islet_destruction_in_diabetic_non-obese_mice_NOD Crude Necator americanus worm extract diminishes pancreatic islet destruction in diabetic non-obese mice (NOD)] (see also [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.975953v1 Preprint])

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34165616/ Eosinophils and helminth infection: protective or pathogenic?]

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33836351/ Overview of the interaction of helminth extracellular vesicles with the host and their potential functions and biological applications] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161589021001036?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2021 May 26 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41231-021-00091-4 Impact of parasitic infection on human gut ecology and immune regulations]

* 2021 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34051231/ Synthetic hookworm-derived peptides are potent modulators of primary human immune cell function that protect against experimental colitis in vivo] -- [https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(21)00632-3/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.jbc.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0021-9258%2821%2900632-3 PDF]

* 2021 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34051352/ Emerging issues in COVID-19 vaccination in Tropical Areas: Impact of the Immune Response against Helminths in Endemic Areas]

* 2021 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34029332/ COVID-19 and helminth infection: Beyond the Th1/Th2 paradigm] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8143422/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8143422/pdf/pntd.0009402.pdf PDF]

* 2021 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34093565/ A Comparison of Two Structurally Related Human Milk Oligosaccharide Conjugates in a Model of Diet-Induced Obesity]

* 2021 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34134952/ rCsHscB derived from Clonorchis sinensis has therapeutic effect on dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic ulcerative colitis in mice] (Chinese)

* 2021 May 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34017599/ Extreme lifespan extension in tapeworm-infected ant workers] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8131941/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8131941/pdf/rsos.202118.pdf PDF]

* 2021 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34002262/ The effects of helminth infections against type 2 diabetes]

* 2021 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33951631/ Bee- and Wasp-Venom Sensitization in Schoolchildren of High- and Low-Socioeconomic Status Living in an Urban Area of Indonesia]

* 2021 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33461629/ The interaction of host and nematode galectins influences the outcome of gastrointestinal nematode infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010190/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010190/pdf/S003118202100007Xa.pdf PDF]

* 2021 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33512036/ Allergen skin test reactivity and asthma are inversely associated with ratios of IgG4/IgE and total IgE/allergen-specific IgE in Ugandan communities]

* 2021 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33995396/ Immune Protection of a Helminth Protein in the DSS-Induced Colitis Model in Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8117093/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8117093/pdf/fimmu-12-664998.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33646858/ Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8162934/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/33646858/ PDF]

* 2021 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33895144/ Immunoprotective inference of experimental chronic Trichinella spiralis infection on house dust mites induced allergic airway remodeling]

* 2021 Apr 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33935986/ Interrogating the Impact of Intestinal Parasite-Microbiome on Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086792/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086792/pdf/fmicb-12-614522.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853585/ Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/pdf/12915_2021_Article_1003.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 4 [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1553096 Eicosanoid profiles and programs of macrophages in allergic airway inflammation - Studies on trained innate immunity and immunomodulation] (Thesis, Munich)

* 2021 Apr 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34589596/ An engineered probiotic secreting Sj16 ameliorates colitis via Ruminococcaceae/butyrate/retinoic acid axis]

* 2021 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579723/ Helminth Imprinting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Sustains Anti-Inflammatory Trained Innate Immunity That Attenuates Autoimmune Disease] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2021 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33454990/ Association of previous schistosome infection with fatty liver and coronary heart disease: A cross-sectional study in china]

* 2021 Apr [https://medcraveonline.com/MOJBM/immunomodulation-by-helmintos-possible-use-astherapy-for-autoimmune-diseases.html Immunomodulation by helmintos: Possible use as therapy for autoimmune diseases]

* 2021 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33576450/ Schistosoma japonicum cystatin suppresses osteoclastogenesis via manipulating the NF‑κB signaling pathway]

* 2021 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33495068/ Mining Helminths for Novel Therapeutics] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9884063/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9884063/pdf/nihms-1867941.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33760829/ Trichuris trichiura egg extract proteome reveals potential diagnostic targets and immunomodulators] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021180/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021180/pdf/pntd.0009221.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33819002/ Helminths and Endocrinology] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK569325/ Full text] (online book)

* 2021 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33842398/ Therapeutic Efficacy of Excretory-Secretory Products of Trichinella spiralis Adult Worms on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in a Mouse Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8024484/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8024484/pdf/fcimb-11-653843.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33815426/ Recent Advances in the Immunology of Helminth Infection - Protection, Pathogenesis and Panaceas]

* 2021 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33841657/ Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve repair through a macrophage-dependent mechanism] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8014408/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8014408/pdf/ajtr0013-1290.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33636133/ Enteric helminth coinfection enhances host susceptibility to neurotropic flaviviruses via a tuft cell-IL-4 receptor signaling axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7962748/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7962748/pdf/nihms-1675920.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33732246/ Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957070/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957070/pdf/fimmu-12-623737.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33773560/ The Apoptotic Effect of Trichinella spiralis Infection Against Experimentally Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8286675/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8286675/pdf/APJCP-22-935.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33495238/ The Anti-Inflammatory Immune Response in Early Trichinella spiralis Intestinal Infection Depends on Serine Protease Inhibitor-Mediated Alternative Activation of Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7887736/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7887736/pdf/ji2000290.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33868457/ The role of gastrointestinal pathogens in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review]

* 2021 Mar 1 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olga-Pershina/publication/349807618_Treamid_is_a_potential_compound_for_inhibiting_fibrosis_and_accelerating_endothelial_regeneration_in_idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis/links/6041ece54585154e8c780aa9/Treamid-is-a-potential-compound-for-inhibiting-fibrosis-and-accelerating-endothelial-regeneration-in-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis.pdf Chronic helminth infection ameliorates colitis via the soy derived metabolite daidzein] (Conference)

* 2021 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34802872/ Remote regulation of type 2 immunity by intestinal parasites]

* 2021 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34823996/ IL-33: A central cytokine in helminth infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1044532321000634?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2021 Feb 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33673676/ Overview of Immunological Responses and Immunomodulation Properties of Trichuris sp.: Prospects for Better Understanding Human Trichuriasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7997218/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7997218/pdf/life-11-00188.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33717104/ Clonorchis sinensis-Derived Protein Attenuates Inflammation and New Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7947613/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7947613/pdf/fimmu-12-615369.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33692793/ Schistosome Infection and Schistosome-Derived Products as Modulators for the Prevention and Alleviation of Immunological Disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7937812/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7937812/pdf/fimmu-12-619776.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33732461/ Between a hygiene rock and a hygienic hard place: Avoiding SARS-CoV-2 while needing environmental exposures for immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928958/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928958/pdf/eoab006.pdf PDF]
:* 2021 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34168878/ Comment on Parker et al. (Evolution, Medicine and Public Health 2021;9:120–30.)] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219121/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219121/pdf/eoab011.pdf PDF]
:* 2021 Apr [https://academic.oup.com/emph/article/9/1/206/6220325 Authors’ response to Graham Rook’s commentary]

* 2021 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33718268/ Schistosoma japonicum Cystatin Alleviates Sepsis Through Activating Regulatory Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7943722/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7943722/pdf/fcimb-11-617461.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33738103/ Hymenolepis diminuta-based helminth therapy in C3(1)-TAg mice does not alter breast tumor onset or progression] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7953836/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7953836/pdf/eoab007.pdf PDF] (HDC)

* 2021 Feb 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33563346/ Helminth-derived cystatins: the immunomodulatory properties of an Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin]

* 2021 Feb 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33613446/ Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Decreases Systemic Inflammation, and Alters the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Distinct Mouse Models of Type 2 Diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892786/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892786/pdf/fendo-11-606530.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 2 [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.21250995v1 Effect of co-infection with parasites on severity of COVID-19] -- [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.21250995v1.full.pdf PDF] (medRxiv preprints) (Also reported by NewsMedical. [https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210204/Research-shows-intestinal-parasite-infestations-reduce-COVID-19-severity.aspx])

* 2021 Feb 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526169/ Gross ways to live long: Parasitic worms as an anti-inflammaging therapy?] -- [https://elifesciences.org/articles/65180 Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853715/pdf/elife-65180.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Press release. [https://elifesciences.org/for-the-press/8119abb0/could-playing-host-to-hookworms-help-prevent-ageing])

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32614982/ Schistosome and intestinal helminth modulation of macrophage immunometabolism] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7808165/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7808165/pdf/IMM-162-123.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33476078/ The helminth glycoprotein omega-1 improves metabolic homeostasis in obese mice through type 2 immunity-independent inhibition of food intake] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7898285/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7898285/pdf/FSB2-35-e21331.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33007336/ Immunomodulatory potential of nematodes against dendritic cells is dependent on intestinal inflamation]

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33409625/ Pre-clinical evaluation of the effect of co-medication with antibiotics and oral steroids in Göttingen Minipigs on the biological activity of the probiotic medicinal product TSO (Trichuris suis ova)]

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33067820/ Helminth-induced regulation of T-cell transfer colitis requires intact and regulated T cell Stat6 signaling in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.201848072 Full text]

* 2021 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33572978/ The Worm-Specific Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Controlled Trichuris suis Ova Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/101/htm Full text] (MS). This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.

* 2021 Jan 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33584703/ Revisiting the Hygiene Hypothesis in the Context of Autoimmunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7876226/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7876226/pdf/fimmu-11-615192.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jan 26 [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1544232 Chronic Schistosoma mansoni Infection during Pregnancy: Effects on Offspring’s T Cell Differentiation Capacity, Epigenetics and Memory T Cell Compartment] (Thesis, Munich)

* 2021 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33499240/ Helminth Interactions with Bacteria in the Host Gut Are Essential for Its Immunomodulatory Effect] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/226/htm Full text]

* 2021 Jan 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33465126/ S. mansoni SmKI-1 Kunitz-domain: Leucine point mutation at P1 site generates enhanced neutrophil elastase inhibitory activity]

* 2021 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33552447/ Evolution of bacteria in the human gut in response to changing environments: An invisible player in the game of health] — [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829112/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829112/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jan 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33469451/ Monosexual Cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum Infection Protects Against DSS-Induced Colitis by Shifting the Th1/Th2 Balance and Modulating the Gut Microbiota]

* 2021 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33391522/ Therapeutic inhibition of miR-802 protects against obesity through AMPK-mediated regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism]

* 2021 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33188747/ Intestinal protozoa and helminths in ulcerative colitis and the influence of anti-parasitic therapy on the course of the disease]

* 2021 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966835/ Trichinella spiralis infection ameliorated diet-induced obesity model in mice] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020751920302551 Full text]

* 2021 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33221281/ Extracellular vesicles derived from Trichinella spiralis prevent colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization]

* 2021 Jan [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/k643b593k?locale=en Upregulated Th2/treg brain gene expression in pups of nematode-infected mice associated with enhanced expression of leukocyte trans-endothelial cell migration across the blood brain barrier] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/wm117t47f?locale=en PDF] (Thesis)

* 2021 Jan [https://smj.journals.ekb.eg/article_153093.html Therapeutic applicability of helminths in atopic and autoimmune diseases]

* 2021 Jan [https://www.jsczz.cn/EN/Y2021/V39/I3/380 Progress on the intervention of inflammatory conditions by helminthes and their derived molecules]

* 2021 [https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=ZISC202112013&dbname=CJFDLAST2022 A study on how dust mite allergic asthma is inhibited by a Schistosoma japonicum infection via down-regulation of IL-17 and that mechanism] (Chinese)

* 2021 [https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46340160 The hygiene hypothesis and the regulation of the immune response. the role of parasites in the development of autoimmune diseases] (Russian)

* 2021 [https://dspace.jcu.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.14390/46170/Buskova_Nikol_2021_BP.pdf?sequence=1 Extracellular vesicles during the ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus] (bachelor thesis)

* 2021 [https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/918427 Investigation on the role of nutrition and bacteria in human health using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS): from gut microbiota in immune-related disorders to genomic epidemiology] (thesis)

* 2021 [https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:4f7dd64 Investigating the mechanism of action of a novel therapeutic derived from parasitic worms in animal models of multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2021 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/tara8/server/api/core/bitstreams/a24ea8c3-9823-4508-9969-252df2ee9508/content Helminth products promote anti-inflammatory trained innate immunity by imprinting long-term hematopoietic stem cells] (Thesis)

* 2021 [https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=ZISC202102025&dbname=CJFDLAST2021 A helminth infection has therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory bowel disease via the innate immune system] (Chinese)

===2020===

* 2020 Dec 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33424810/ Therapeutic Efficacy of a Trichinella Spiralis Paramyosin-Derived Peptide Modified With a Membrane-Targeting Signal in Mice With Antigen-Induced Arthritis]

* 2020 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347509/ GAS6 signaling tempers Th17 development in patients with multiple sclerosis and helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/pdf/ppat.1009176.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33371444/ The Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer Development by Type 2 Immune Responses]

* 2020 Dec 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33333522/ Helminth Antigen Exposure Enhances Early Immune Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Monocytes and Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8138153/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8138153/pdf/jin-0013-0148.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec 17 [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/65327/ Impact of hookworms and their secreted proteins on the microbiota and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes in mice] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/65327/1/JCU_65327_agha_thesis_2020.pdf PDF] (Thesis, James Cook)

* 2020 Dec 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33343521/ The Two Faces of Nematode Infection: Virulence and Immunomodulatory Molecules From Nematode Parasites of Mammals, Insects and Plants] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7738434/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7738434/pdf/fmicb-11-577846.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347256815_Helminth_Infection_as_Immunomodulator_and_Therapeutic_Agent_Against_Rheumatoid_Arthritis Helminth Infection as Immunomodulator and Therapeutic Agent Against Rheumatoid Arthritis]

* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33512796/ Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Experimental Hookworm Infection for Improving Gluten Tolerance in Celiac Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678792/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678792/pdf/ct9-11-e00274.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/nv9357710 The role of helminth and microbiome-derived metabolites in the healing of inflammatory bowel diseases related wounds in vitro] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/2b88qj182?locale=en PDF] (Thesis, McGill)

* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32920871/ Dicrocoelium ova can block the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12792 Full text] ([https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-17288/v1 preprint version Mars 16]) (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2020 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33220232/ Interleukin-33 promotes serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells for intestinal homeostasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7856083/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7856083/pdf/nihms-1642557.pdf PDF] (comment : 2021 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33440138/ IL-33 Changes Our "Gut Feelings" about Serotonin] -- [https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(20)30535-5 Full text])

* 2020 Nov 18 [https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/items/c9938631-e85d-4de3-b2a7-33cd9fcdbd41 Helminth Regulation of the Colonic Microbiome: Implications for the Control of Colitis] (Thesis)

* 2020 Nov 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33222610/ Dynamics of the bacterial gut microbiota during controlled human infection with Necator americanus larvae] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7714523/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7714523/pdf/KGMI_12_1840764.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33149205/ Effect of anthelmintic treatment on serum free IGF-1 and IGFBP-3: a cluster-randomized-controlled trial in Indonesia] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7643058/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7643058/pdf/41598_2020_Article_75781.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32901341/ Immunomodulatory action of excretory-secretory products of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse tumour model] (Cancer)

* 2020 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32472559/ Evaluating the preventive and curative effects of Toxocara canis larva in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis]

* 2020 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32562622/ Effect of recombinant serine protease from newborn larval stage of Trichinella spiralis on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in mice]

* 2020 Oct 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33678958/ Historical analysis of inverse correlation between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and pancreatic cancer] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901387/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901387/pdf/UBMC_34_1836712.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33105843/ Gastrointestinal Nematode-Derived Antigens Alter Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration through Regulation of Cell Cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Proteins] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7660063/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7660063/pdf/ijms-21-07845.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct 20 [https://academic.oup.com/emph/advance-article/doi/10.1093/emph/eoaa037/5930904 Old Friends Meet a New Foe -- A potential role for immune-priming parasites in mitigating COVID-19 morbidity and mortality] Includes link to PDF.

* 2020 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117371/ COVID-19 Lethality in Sub-Saharan Africa and Helminth Immune Modulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7578247/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7578247/pdf/fimmu-11-574910.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33116652/ Helminth Induced Immunoregulation and Novel Therapeutic Avenue of Allergy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7548329/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7548329/pdf/jaa-13-439.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33012113/ Immunopathology and modulation induced by hookworms: from understanding to intervention]

* 2020 Oct 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117347/ Excretory/Secretory Products From Trichinella spiralis Adult Worms Attenuated DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Driving PD-1-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575908/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575908/pdf/fimmu-11-563784.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33884007/ Immunoregulatory Effects of Somatic Extract of Toxocara canis on Airway Inflammations in Murine Model]

* 2020 Oct-Dec [https://journals.lww.com/crst/fulltext/2020/03040/hygiene_and_cancer__a_perspective.3.aspx Hygiene and cancer: A perspective]

* 2020 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32442663/ Exposure time determines the protective effect of Trichinella spiralis on experimental colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7724739/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7724739/pdf/nihms-1648913.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653475/ Does the hygiene hypothesis apply to COVID-19 susceptibility?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347347/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347347/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117327/ The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/pdf/fimmu-11-01830.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2020 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32992640/ Assessing the Beneficial Effects of the Immunomodulatory Glycan LNFPIII on Gut Microbiota and Health in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness]

* 2020 Sep 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32960348/ Intestinal Nematode Infection Affects Metastasis of EL4 Lymphoma Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7508930/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7508930/pdf/5_2020_Article_594.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32951619/ Trichinella spiralis: inflammation modulator]

* 2020 Sep 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33042153/ Immunomodulation and Immune Escape Strategies of Gastrointestinal Helminths and Schistosomes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7527441/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7527441/pdf/fimmu-11-572865.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33042134/ Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7524873/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7524873/pdf/fimmu-11-02195.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33013887/ What Can Parasites Tell Us About the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma and Allergic Diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7516051/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7516051/pdf/fimmu-11-02106.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32983184/ Fasciola hepatica-Derived Molecules as Regulators of the Host Immune Response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492538/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492538/pdf/fimmu-11-02182.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/0k225g67s Maternal nematode infection alters neonatal brain gene expression and maternal and neonatal microbiomes] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/8336h626k?locale=en PDF] (Thesis)

* 2020 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32277499/ Preconception helminth infection alters offspring microbiota and immune subsets in a mouse model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7423732/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7423732/pdf/nihms-1591001.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32570037/ Effect of recombinant serine protease from adult stage of Trichinella spiralis on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice]

* 2020 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027755/ IL-33 is essential to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice infected with an intestinal helminth] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12700 Full text]

* 2020 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32713764/ The Intestinal Epithelium at the Forefront of Host-Helminth Interactions] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1471492220301835 Full text]

* 2020 Aug 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32984066/ Helminth Mediated Attenuation of Systemic Inflammation and Microbial Translocation in Helminth-Diabetes Comorbidity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488178/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488178/pdf/fcimb-10-00431.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 28 [https://journals.macewan.ca/muse/article/view/1850 Helminth Therapy: A Promising Approach to Treating Crohn's Disease and Asthma] -- [https://journals.macewan.ca/muse/article/view/1850 PDF]

* 2020 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32872342/ An Absence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation and Associations with Disease Activity in People with Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Therapeutic Hookworm Vaccination] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/487/htm Full text]

* 2020 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32875121/ Contrasting impact of rural, versus urban, living on glucose metabolism and blood pressure in Uganda] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7447960/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7447960/pdf/wellcomeopenres-5-17864.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32935509/ Protective effect of recombinant adult serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in mice] (Chinese)

* 2020 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32828819/ Succinate Produced by Intestinal Microbes Promotes Specification of Tuft Cells to Suppress Ileal Inflammation] (IBD)

* 2020 Aug 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32804930/ Helminth coinfection and COVID-19: An alternate hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7430705/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7430705/pdf/pntd.0008628.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32939449/ Axenic Caenorhabditis elegans antigen protects against development of type-1 diabetes in NOD mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7476867/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7476867/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32903582/ Clinical Use of Schistosoma mansoni Antigens as Novel Immunotherapies for Autoimmune Disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7438586/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7438586/pdf/fimmu-11-01821.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32849543/ Effectiveness of Helminth Therapy in the Prevention of Allograft Rejection: A Systematic Review of Allogeneic Transplantation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7426368/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7426368/pdf/fimmu-11-01604.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/68140/ The anti-colitic properties of hookworm protein Na-AIP-1] (Thesis, James Cook)

* 2020 Aug [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343655385_TRICHINELLA_SPIRALIS_INFECTION_PROTECTS_AGAINST_OVALBUMININDUCED_ALLERGIC_BRONCHIAL_ASTHMA_IN_A_MURINE_MODEL Trichinella spiralis infection protects against ovalbumin-induced allergic bronchial asthma in a murine model] -- [https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_113071_fe47464efd01190f781e5b14ac6bdec3.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug [https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.07.002 Helminth extracellular vesicles: great balls of wonder]

* 2020 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32485355/ Effect of Trichinella spp. or derived antigens on chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mouse models: A systematic review and meta-analysis]

* 2020 Jul 27 [https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.159586908.87812662 Effect of Trichinella spiralis intervention on Citrobacter rodentium-induced experimental colitis in mice] (Preprint)

* 2020 Jul 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31504336/ The Effect of Helminth Infections and Their Treatment on Metabolic Outcomes: Results of a Cluster-Randomized Trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7384320/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7384320/pdf/ciz859.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jul 21 [https://d-nb.info/125536470X/34 Eicosanoid profiles and programs of macrophages in allergic airway inflammation: Studies on trained innate immunity and immunomodulation] (Thesis)

* 2020 Jul 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341115/ The Potential Role of Schistosome-Associated Factors as Therapeutic Modulators of the Immune System]

* 2020 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32944173/ Sja-miR-71a in Schistosome egg-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis via targeting semaphorin 4D]

* 2020 Jul 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32629118/ Helminth-Induced and Th2-Dependent Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Attenuate Obesity Caused by High-Fat Diet] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7498948/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7498948/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jul 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32614822/ Schistosoma haematobium infection is associated with lower serum cholesterol levels and improved lipid profile in overweight/obese individuals]

* 2020 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32249432/ Interactions between macrophages and helminths] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12717 Full text]

* 2020 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32153025/ Regulatory T‐cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7341546/?fbclid=IwAR27hCP5tDaVkO0KnyBMdlH7O4tzzcE0YfKWqFy_Xgy46l18amE1t1ET2dY Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7341546/pdf/IMM-160-248.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jun 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32655568/ Immunity to Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Evidence From the Field and Laboratory Models] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324686/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324686/pdf/fimmu-11-01286.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32570037/ Effect of Recombinant Serine Protease From Adult Stage of Trichinella Spiralis on TNBS-induced Experimental Colitis in Mice]

* ✅ 2020 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32539079/ Hookworm Treatment for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296452/ Full text].
::This research was also reported in Science Daily, where it was noted that, “The findings of the research… show that infecting MS patients with a safe dose of… Necator americanus induces immunoregulatory responses and boosts the number of cells which help keep the immune system under control.” [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200618150223.htm]
::In fact, the trial data reveal that '''more than half the patients given hookworms did not develop any new lesions''', and the conclusion of the trial's lead researcher was that, "there would be a niche for this approach - for individuals with mild disease who don't want to take immunomodulating drugs for life and would prefer a more natural approach.” [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/932593]
::The conclusion published by this study's authors in their formal report - that NA appeared to be ineffective against MS - and the sceptical tenor of the editorial from Jama Neurology, [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2767083] were based on the fact that the particular statistical endpoint determined for the trial by its designers - the cumulative number of new/enlarging T2 and new enhancing T1 lesions at month 9 - had not been reached. This conclusion is a glaring example of the endemic failure within the mainstream medical research community to understand, and accommodate, the unique requirements of living organisms when they are being trialled as a therapy. To read more about this, see, [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Problems with clinical trials using live helminths | '''Problems with clinical trials using live helminths''']].

* 2020 Jun 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32595641/ Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300183/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300183/pdf/fimmu-11-01174.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32582161/ Behind Enemy Lines: Immunomodulatory Armamentarium of the Schistosome Parasite] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7295904/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7295904/pdf/fimmu-11-01018.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32520090/ Extract of Ascaris suum induces TGF-β and early production of IgG1 in experimental autoimmune hepatitis] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/rbpv/a/HgMCvdYns9pGRGJsfQJdsrP/?lang=en Full text]

* 2020 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32372471/ Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease]

* 2020 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32480001/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, the Hygiene Hypothesis and the Other Side of the Microbiota: Parasites and Fungi]

* 2020 May 28 [https://www.qeios.com/read/IWKQH9.2 The global helminth belt and Covid-19: the new eosinophilic link]

* 2020 May 28 [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cb5b8jp#article_main Endocannabinoid Regulation of Helminth Induced Hypophagia] -- [https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cb5b8jp/qt3cb5b8jp.pdf PDF] (Capstone project)

* 2020 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32453752/ Comprehensive analysis of the secreted proteome of adult Necator americanus hookworms] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274458/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274458/pdf/pntd.0008237.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32466130/ Preliminary Trichinella spiralis Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7290565/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7290565/pdf/cells-09-01314.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32450885/ Lifestyle and the presence of helminths is associated with gut microbiome composition in Cameroonians] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7249393/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7249393/pdf/13059_2020_Article_2020.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32436176/ Changes in the Severity of Gastric Mucosal Inflammation Associated With Helicobacter Pylori in Humans Coinfected With Intestinal Helminths]

* 2020 May 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32486220/ Parasite Cystatin: Immunomodulatory Molecule with Therapeutic Activity against Immune Mediated Disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7350340/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7350340/pdf/pathogens-09-00431.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32508831/ The Gastrointestinal Helminth Heligmosomoides bakeri Suppresses Inflammation in a Model of Contact Hypersensitivity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7249854/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7249854/pdf/fimmu-11-00950.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32420871/ A helminth-derived suppressor of ST2 blocks allergic responses]

* 2020 May 18 [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.20098053v1.full.pdf Parasites and their protection against COVID-19 - Ecology or Immunology?] (PDF)

* 2020 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32423469/ Therapeutic efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in a mouse model]

* 2020 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33623561/ Immunity, parasites, genetics and sex hormones: contributors to mild inflammatory responses in COVID-19?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7875730/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7875730/pdf/PAMJ-SUPP-35-2-36.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32407385 Harnessing helminth-driven immunoregulation in the search for novel therapeutic modalities] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008508 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008508&type=printable PDF]

* 2020 May 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32448639/ Microbes, Helminths, and Rheumatic Diseases]

* 2020 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32372471 Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/apt.15770 Full text] (IBD)

* 2020 May 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32367051 Heterogeneity in the initiation, development and function of type 2 immunity]

* 2020 May 1 [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/204/1_Supplement/143.6/63767/Helminth-induced-modulation-of-neuroinflammation Helminth-induced modulation of neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 May 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32133502/ Inflammatory bowel disease in Africa: what is the current state of knowledge?]

* 2020 May 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358579 Will helminth co-infection modulate COVID-19 severity in endemic regions?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193760/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193760/pdf/41577_2020_Article_330.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517884/ Antibodies in sera from multiple sclerosis patients recognize Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigens]

* 2020 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31990094/ Inflammation during Schistosoma haematobium infection and anti-allergy in pre-school-aged children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe]

* 2020 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341115 The Potential Role of Schistosome-Associated Factors as Therapeutic Modulators of the Immune System]

* 2020 Apr 27 [https://www.qeios.com/read/5IY4IF Asthma and COVID-19: The Eosinophilic Link]

* 2020 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32321922/ CD8+ regulatory T cells are critical in prevention of autoimmune-mediated diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7176710/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7176710/pdf/41467_2020_Article_15857.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32321863 An anti-inflammatory eicosanoid switch mediates the suppression of type-2 inflammation by helminth larval products]

* 2020 Apr 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32268573/ Infection with Toxocara canis Inhibits the Production of IgE Antibodies to α-Gal in Humans: Towards a Conceptual Framework of the Hygiene Hypothesis?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7349341/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7349341/pdf/vaccines-08-00167.pdf Full text]

* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31669292/ Effects of Opisthorchis viverrini infection on glucose and lipid profiles in human hosts: A cross-sectional and prospective follow-up study from Thailand] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1383576919303514?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32372188/ Dual infective burden of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasites: Good or bad news for the host?] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12664-020-01045-8 Full text]

* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30230399/ Randomized crossover feasibility trial of helminthic Trichuris suis ova versus placebo for repetitive behaviors in adult autism spectrum disorder] (TSO)

* 2020 Apr [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hawra-Alnassar/publication/367560899_Impact_of_Stroke_on_Patients'_Health_Status_at_Middle_Euphrates/links/63d8e33e62d2a24f92e1e598/Impact-of-Stroke-on-Patients-Health-Status-at-Middle-Euphrates.pdf#page=1082 Epidemiological Evidence that Helminthes Infestation is Associated with Less Risk of Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease]

* 2020 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32200170 Effects of the dietary fibre inulin and Trichuris suis products on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages] (TSO)

* 2020 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32171305/ Twenty-five-year research progress in hookworm excretory/secretory products] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071665/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071665/pdf/13071_2020_Article_4010.pdf PDF] (NA)

* 2020 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32163524/ The parasitic worm product ES-62 promotes health- and life-span in a high calorie diet-accelerated mouse model of ageing]

* 2020 Mar 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32153025/ Regulatory T-cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7341546/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7341546/pdf/IMM-160-248.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Mar 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32194529 Dietary Inulin and Trichuris suis Infection Promote Beneficial Bacteria Throughout the Porcine Gut] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064446/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064446/pdf/fmicb-11-00312.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2020 Mar 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32126084 Helminth infection modulates systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008101 Full text]

* 2020 Mar [https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article-abstract/113/Supplement_1/hcaa060.007/5829507?login=false Crosstalks between helminthes and microbiota to improve gut health] (Conference)

* 2020 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31866310/ Neurochemical and neuroinflammatory perturbations in two Gulf War Illness models: Modulation by the immunotherapeutic LNFPIII]

* 2020 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135180/ Helminths, polyparasitism, and the gut microbiome in the Philippines]

* 2020 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31705653/ Body fluid from the parasitic worm Ascaris suum inhibits broad-acting pro-inflammatory programs in dendritic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7011627/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7011627/pdf/IMM-159-322.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Feb 26 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7043569/ Analysis and characterization of the excreted and secreted products of parasitic helminths as immunomodulators of inflammatory bowel disease]

* 2020 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32099050/ Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and allergenic invertebrates putatively due to shared glycanic epitopes]

* 2020 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32081954/ Effect of T. spiralis Serine protease inhibitors on TNBS-induced experimental colitis mediated by Macrophages]

* 2020 Feb 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31843966/ Whipworm Infection Promotes Bacterial Invasion, Intestinal Microbiota Imbalance, and Cellular Immunomodulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7035941/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7035941/pdf/IAI.00642-19.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31075526/ Metagonimus miyatai ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice]

* 2020 Jan-Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32123528 Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis About Helminth Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041615 Full text]

* 2020 Jan 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32005978 The gut microbiota response to helminth infection depends on host sex and genotype]

* 2020 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32010203/ Co-existence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cystic echinococcosis]

* 2020 Jan 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31976564 Wuchereria bancrofti macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (rWbaMIF-2) ameliorates experimental colitis]

* 2020 Jan 24 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/evaluation-of-intestinal-helminth-modulation-of-host-immune-respo/ Evaluation of Intestinal Helminth Modulation of Host Immune Responses] -- [https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/188965905/FULL_TEXT.PDF PDF] (Thesis)

* 2020 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31971074 A critical analysis of helminth immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 Jan 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31954872 Suppression of systemic lupus erythematosus in NZBWF1 mice infected with Hymenolepis microstoma]

* 2020 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31894102 Helminth infections drive heterogeneity in human type 2 and regulatory cells]

* 2020 Jan-Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32489374/ Marshallagia marshalli Antigen Strengthens Dendritic Cell Mediated T Lymphocyte Regulation on Asthmatic Patients]

* 2020 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31352539 Potential application of helminth therapy for resolution of neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders]

* 2020 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31605645/ Th2 signals are not essential for the anti-arthritic effects of Trichinella spiralis in mice]

* 2020 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31914677 Fasciola helminth defense molecule-1 protects against experimental arthritis by inhibiting osteoclast formation and function without modulating the systemic immune response]

* 2020 [https://www.jfi-online.org/index.php/jfi/article/view/49 Immunoregulation of Multiple Sclerosis by Helminth Therapy: A Literature Review]

* 2020 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ozAHEAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA25&ots=gy1R8flunt&dq=encephalomyelitis%20helminth&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q&f=false Helminth Therapy: A New Tool for Treatment of Allergic Diseases] book chapter

===2019===

* 2019 Dec 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31888063 Immunomodulation of Murine Chronic DSS-Induced Colitis by Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/1/65/htm Full text]

* 2019 Dec 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878146 Safety of P28GST, a Protein Derived from a Schistosome Helminth Parasite, in Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Pilot Study (ACROHNEM)] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/1/41/htm Full text] (see also 08/12/2021 [https://theses.fr/2021LILUS044 Compréhension du mécanisme d'action de la P28GST dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires auto-immunes] (Thesis, in French)

* 2019 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31885223 Toxicity of parasites and their unconventional use in medicine]

* 2019 Dec 16 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/items/12978742-dbac-4584-b871-89e52668a0fa Characterization of mechanisms induced by Strongyloides venezuelensis infection that act in the modulation of ulcerative colitis caused by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in mice] (Thesis, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)

* 2019 Dec 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31845020 Amelioration of type 1 diabetes by recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and cystatin derived from Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model]

* 2019 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683117/ Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2019 Dec 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31836772 Immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata in treatment of experimental DSS-induced colitis in mouse model]

* 2019 Dec 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31834940 Chronic infection with a tissue invasive helminth attenuates sublethal anaphylaxis and reduces granularity and number of mast cells]

* 2019 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31829172 Safety and tolerability of experimental hookworm infection in humans with metabolic disease: study protocol for a phase 1b randomised controlled clinical trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6907345/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6907345/pdf/12902_2019_Article_461.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Dec 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31655260/ Cross-Species Suppression of Hepatoma Cell Growth and Migration by a Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA]

* 2019 Dec 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31582416/ ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6888984/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6888984/pdf/JEM_20180610.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31407335/ Helminth-derived molecules inhibit colitis-associated colon cancer development through NF-κB and STAT3 regulation]

* 2019 Dec [https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/items/7fa0c1f4-e1f5-4ac2-9c9a-48c6df3ea10b The role of serotonin in the immunoregulation by the helminth parasite Hymenolepis diminuta] (Thesis) (HDC)

* 2019 Dec [https://www.benthamdirect.com/content/journals/cctr/10.2174/1573394714666181003143717 The Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis: From Theory to Therapeutic Helminths] (book chapter)

* 2019 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31634505/ Synthetic small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 promote metabolic homeostasis during obesity in a mouse model]

* 2019 Nov 25 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/7e623463-d811-408d-9f98-4a7e59a96f7b Helminth-derived inhibitors of the IL-33 pathway] (Thesis, Edinburgh)

* 2019 Nov 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31747598/ Helminth Infections Suppress the Efficacy of Vaccination against Seasonal Influenza] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(19)31365-8 Full text] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6888984/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6888984/pdf/JEM_20180610.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31700040/ Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the canine tapeworm as a potential therapeutic for melanoma]

* 2019 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31719981 The interplay of type 2 immunity, helminth infection and the microbiota in regulating metabolism] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837856/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837856/pdf/CTI2-8-e01089.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31781154 The Effect of Gut Microbiome Composition on Human Immune Responses: An Exploration of Interference by Helminth Infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856646/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856646/pdf/fgene-10-01028.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Nov [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360257975_The_Role_of_Helminths_in_Allergic_Diseases The Role of Helminths in Allergic Diseases] (Turkish)

* 2019 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31496071/ Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 suppresses airway inflammation of allergic asthma in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6815837/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6815837/pdf/JCMM-23-7819.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31673002/ Intestinal helminth infection enhances bacteria-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the airspace] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6823376/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6823376/pdf/41598_2019_Article_51991.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736971/ Adiponectin Limits IFN-γ and IL-17 Producing CD4 T Cells in Obesity by Restraining Cell Intrinsic Glycolysis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6828851/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6828851/pdf/fimmu-10-02555.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683117 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] (Multiple sclerosis)

* 2019 Oct 23 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/employing-parasitic-worm-products-to-improve-healing-of-chronic-w/ Employing parasitic worm products to improve healing of chronic wounds] (Thesis)

* 2019 Oct 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31627736/ Giardia duodenalis infection in the context of a community-based deworming and water, sanitation and hygiene trial in Timor-Leste] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/31627736/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6798381/pdf/13071_2019_Article_3752.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31750318/ Hemozoin From the Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, Modulates Dendritic Cell Responses in Bronchial Asthma Patients]

* 2019 Oct 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31713379/ Protective effect of excretory-secretory protein from adult Trichinella spiralis on ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice] (Chinese)

* 2019 Oct 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31605645 Th2 signals are not essential for the anti-arthritic effects of Trichinella spiralis in mice]

* 2019 Oct 11 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/8097 Evaluation of protective immune responses against Litomosoides sigmodontis and analysis of L. sigmodontis extract on T cell modulation and glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice] (Thesis, Bonn)

* 2019 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31649786 Therapeutic applicability of helminths in autoimmune diseases - literature overview] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6807663/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6807663/pdf/PG-14-37798.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31611876 Ascaris lumbricoides Cystatin Prevents Development of Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6777510/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6777510/pdf/fimmu-10-02280.pdf PDF] (But also see the details [[Ascaris lumbricoides | '''here''']] regarding the potentially adverse effects of infection with ascaris lumbricoides.)

* 2019 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31607934/ Employing Parasite Against Cancer: A Lesson From the Canine Tapeworm Echinococcus Granulocus]

* 2019 Sep 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31541662 Helminth-microbiota cross-talk - a journey through the vertebrate digestive system]

* 2019 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31508807 Public health deworming programmes for soil-transmitted helminths in children living in endemic areas]

* 2019 Sep 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31496071 Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 suppresses airway inflammation of allergic asthma in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcmm.14661 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcmm.14661 PDF]

* 2019 Sep 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31487324 Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and recombinant Omega-1 modulate induced CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses and HIV-1 infection in vitro] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1007924 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1007924&type=printable PDF] (Also reported by Healio. [https://www.healio.com/infectious-disease/hiv-aids/news/online/%7Bafe40491-17f2-456b-b151-8cf73288c38b%7D/helminth-infection-may-reduce-hiv-transmission-disease])

* 2019 Sep [https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(19)32281-X/fulltext Immunomodulation of skin inflammation by P28GST, a helminth parasite-derived protein, in a murine model of psoriasis]

* 2019 Sep [https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31778 Determining the impact of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection on the development of colitis] (Thesis, Cape Town)

* 2019 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31260090/ Soil-transmitted helminth infection and intestinal inflammation among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador]

* 2019 Sep [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/705038 Invisible Designers: Brain Evolution Through the Lens of Parasite Manipulation]

* 2019 Sep 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31492623 Immune Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis by Helminths and Their Molecules]

* 2019 Aug 21 [https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/vetfarmatoksbulten/article/560293 Therapeutic helminths: a new perspective against the parasite] (Turkish)

* 2019 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31407335 Helminth-derived molecules inhibit colitis-associated colon cancer development through NF-kB and STAT3 regulation]

* 2019 Aug 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31397879 Critical roles of regulatory B and T cells in helminth parasite-induced protection against allergic airway inflammation]

* 2019 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30407548/ Metabolic Consequences of Concomitant Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669314/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669314/pdf/ciy935.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30835837/ A biodiversity hypothesis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.13763 Full text]

* 2019 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31284930/ Helminths and asthma: Risk and protection]

* 2019 Jul 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31138616/ Schistosoma mansoni Worm Infection Regulates the Intestinal Microbiota and Susceptibility to Colitis]

* 2019 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31299381 The helminth-derived peptide GK-1 induces an anti-tumoral CD8 T cell response associated with downregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway] (Cancer)

* 2019 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31078638/ Role of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0303720719301224 Full text]

* 2019 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31260090 Soil-transmitted helminth infection and intestinal inflammation among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador] (TTO)

* 2019 Jul-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31579670 The endosymbiotic role of intestinal helminths in multiple sclerosis: Promising probiotic hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6767793/ Full text]

* 2019 Jul [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/1d1de1e4-4323-42fc-8e8f-2be2c5bf04c5 Modulation of immune responses by Fasciola hepatica-derived products] (Thesis)

* 2019 Jun 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31253164 Preventive and therapeutic effects of Trichinella spiralis adult extracts on allergic inflammation in an experimental asthma mouse model] -- [https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-019-3561-1 Full text]

* 2019 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31255915 The immune response to Hymenolepis nana in mice decreases tumorigenesis induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz-anthracene] (For a very readable commentary on this paper, see, [https://biomebuzz.com/2019/07/09/more-on-helminths-and-the-prevention-of-cancer/ More on Helminths and the Prevention of Cancer].)

* 2019 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31297120/ Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lep r db/ db Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6607994/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6607994/pdf/fimmu-10-01471.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Jun 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31209366 Helminths and microbiota — partners in arthritis prevention?]

* 2019 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31212833 Contribution of the Gut Microbiota in P28GST-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Experimental and Clinical Insights] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/6/577/htm Full text]

* 2019 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31187881 Regulation of Immunity and Allergy by Helminth Parasites]

* 2019 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30554425/ House dust mite drives proinflammatory eicosanoid reprogramming and macrophage effector functions]

* 2019 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30716463 An advanced protocol for the purification of whipworm eggs from feces for use as therapeutic agents]

* 2019 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31106875/ Parasites and allergy: a case of more means less and less means more?]

* 2019 Jun [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20193255843 The inhibitory effect of Th1 epitope peptide from schistosoma japonicum egg antigen with different adjuvant on OVA-induced allergic asthma in mice] (Chinese)

* 2019 Jun [https://repository.qu.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2019/07/The-association-between-helminthes-infestation-and-IBD-in-the-context-of-NOD2CARD15-gene-polymorphism-and-serum-Levels-of-IL1Beta-and-IL10.pdf The association between helminths infestation and IBD in the context of NOD3/Card15 gene polymorphism and serum levels of IL1beta and IL10] (thesis)

* 2019 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31236458 Pre-conception maternal helminth infection transfers via nursing long-lasting cellular immunity against helminths to offspring] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6587632/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6587632/pdf/aav3058.pdf PDF]

* 2019 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31153721 Helminth Therapy – From the Parasite Perspective] | [[media:Helminth_Therapy_–_From_the_Parasite_Perspective.pdf | PDF]]

* 2019 May 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31138616 Schistosoma mansoni worm infection regulates the intestinal microbiota and susceptibility to colitis]

* 2019 May 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31205419 Inverse Associations of Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Metabolic Syndromes in Humans: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast Ethiopia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537292/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537292/pdf/10.1177_1178636119849934.pdf PDF]

* 2019 May 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31178861 Anti-inflammatory Trained Immunity Mediated by Helminth Products Attenuates the Induction of T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537856/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537856/pdf/fimmu-10-01109.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2019 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30952815/ TLR2 Plays a Pivotal Role in Mediating Mucosal Serotonin Production in the Gut] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/202/10/3041/846/TLR2-Plays-a-Pivotal-Role-in-Mediating-Mucosal Full text]

* 2019 May 2 [https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/items/9d0524d3-fa6b-4364-89f0-85a3ec2eaf26 Bodies Inside Bodies: Examining the Use of Helminthic Therapy and its Challenge to Popular and Biomedical Discourses] (Thesis, Washington)

* 2019 May 1 [https://researchopenworld.com/filarial-parasite-derived-new-potential-bio-therapeutic-agents-for-inflammatory-bowel-diseases/ Filarial Parasite-Derived New Potential Bio-Therapeutic Agents For Inflammatory Bowel Diseases]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30852293/ Dendritic cells treated by Trichinella spiralis muscle larval excretory/secretory products alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in mice]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638679/ Modulation of autoimmune arthritis by environmental 'hygiene' and commensal microbiota]

* 2019 May [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268200541.pdf Evaluating Helminth to Treat Type 2 Diabetes – A Review]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31084896/ Effects of Ascaris and Trichuris antigens on cytokine production in porcine blood mononuclear and epithelial cells] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165242718304434?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30986403 Removal of adult cyathostomins alters faecal microbiota and promotes an inflammatory phenotype in horses] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751919300815?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30633850/ Do helminth infections underpin urban-rural differences in risk factors for allergy-related outcomes?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6518997/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6518997/pdf/CEA-49-663.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31040320/ Effect of co-infection with a small intestine-restricted helminth pathogen on oral prion disease pathogenesis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6491469/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6491469/pdf/41598_2019_Article_42900.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31024043/ Adoptive transfer of Trichinella spiralis-activated macrophages can ameliorate both Th1- and Th2-activated inflammation in murine models]

* 2019 Apr 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31016721 Helminths products directly modulate T cells that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] (Multiple sclerosis)

* 2019 Apr 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31004803 Cytokine production in allergic and Trichuris trichiura-infected children from an urban region of the Brazilian northeast] (TTO)

* 2019 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30850474/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection Decreases Smad7 Expression in Intestinal CD4+ T Cells, Which Allows TGF-β to Induce IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells That Block Colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7890536/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/30850474/ PDF]

* 2019 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30991712 Characterization of Tapeworm Metabolites and Their Reported Biological Activities] — [https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/8/1480/htm Full text]

* 2019 Apr 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30980897 Genetic diversity of the potentially therapeutic tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576918302800?fbclid=IwAR37HAgKvovhcjr5FkSQAK3NVpoW_7_n79WOyeqKBgCbJHtHaByAC6tRzlc Full text] (HDC)

* 2019 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30962398/ Suppression of obesity by an intestinal helminth through interactions with intestinal microbiota] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6529657/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6529657/pdf/IAI.00042-19.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Press Relase [https://asm.org/press-releases/2019/april/intestinal-helminths-boost-fat-burning-japanese-in])

* 2019 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30952846 The parasitic worm product ES-62 normalises the gut microbiota bone marrow axis in inflammatory arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6451002/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6451002/pdf/41467_2019_Article_9361.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31019505/ ILC2s-Trailblazers in the Host Response Against Intestinal Helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458269/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458269/pdf/fimmu-10-00623.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr [https://puj.journals.ekb.eg/article_31573_2b9d7c536ca6f5ca6d56a80cd9ff06f2.pdf Immunomodulating effect of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen on course of induced diabetes mellitus in experimental mice]

* 2019 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30758662 Helminths protect against type 1 diabetes: effects and mechanisms]

* 2019 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30902137 Helminth therapy for autism under gut-brain axis- hypothesis] -- [https://tanawisa.com/downloads/Helminth_therapy_for%20autism_under_gut-brain%20axis-_hypothesis.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2019 Mar 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31016928 Progress of research on the interplay between helminth and intestinal protozoa and gut microbiota]

* 2019 Mar 26 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/70477 Immune modulation by helminths and the impact on the development of type 2 diabetes] (Thesis)

* 2019 Mar 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670556/ Hookworm-Derived Metabolites Suppress Pathology in a Mouse Model of Colitis and Inhibit Secretion of Key Inflammatory Cytokines in Primary Human Leukocytes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6434117/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6434117/pdf/IAI.00851-18.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30967999/ Schistosoma japonicum MiRNA-7-5p Inhibits the Growth and Migration of Hepatoma Cells via Cross-Species Regulation of S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2]

* 2019 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30936867/ Schistosoma mansoni Coinfection Attenuates Murine Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Crohn's-Like Ileitis by Preserving the Epithelial Barrier and Downregulating the Inflammatory Response]

* 2019 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30879759 Therapeutic Potential of Helminths and Helminth-Derived Antigens for Resolution of Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (IBD)

* 2019 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30862816/ Maternal Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection Up-regulates Expression of Genes Associated with Long-Term Potentiation in Perinatal Brains of Uninfected Developing Pups]

* 2019 Mar 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30852293 Dendritic cells treated by Trichinella spiralis muscle larval excretory/secretory products alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in mice]

* 2019 Mar [https://www.astctjournal.org/article/S1083-8791(18)31492-7/fulltext Intestinal Immune Conditioning with Helminths Employs Host T Helper 2 (Th2) Pathway to Induce Mixed Chimerism and Regulate Graft-Versus-Host Disease] -- [https://www.astctjournal.org/article/S1083-8791(18)31492-7/pdf PDF]

* 2019 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30763570/ Therapeutic effects of Echinococcus granulosus cystic fluid on allergic airway inflammation]

* 2019 Mar [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/137068 Innate immune mechanisms of chronic airways disease] (Thesis)

* 2019 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30905098 Helminth-Related Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine Compound and its Interplay with Autoimmune Diseases] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/344/172407.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638709/ The therapeutic potential of tuftsin-phosphorylcholine in giant cell arteritis]

* 2019 Feb 28 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/69117 Immune modulation by schistosomes: mechanisms of regulatory B cell induction and inhibition of allergic asthma] (Thesis)

* 2019 Feb 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30807258 Filarial extract of Litomosoides sigmodontis induces a type 2 immune response and attenuates plaque development in hyperlipidemic ApoE-knockout mice]

* 2019 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30789970/ Association between previous schistosome infection and incident hyperuricemia: A prospective cohort study in China]

* 2019 Feb 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30801028 Helminth-Based Product and the Microbiome of Mice with Lupus] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381224/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381224/pdf/mSystems.00160-18.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30815237/ Exploration of extracellular vesicles from Ascaris suum provides evidence of parasite-host cross talk] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6383609/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6383609/pdf/zjev-8-1578116.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30623233 Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis infection changes the gut microbiome and increases probiotic Lactobacillus in mice]

* 2019 Feb [https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4654393/?gathStatIcon=true Helminth-allergy associations in rural and urban Uganda: insights from antibody studies] (Thesis)

* 2019 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670631 Role of mast cells in the generation of a T-helper type 2 dominated anti-helminthic immune response] (HDC)

* 2019 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30668930 Macrophages treated with antigen from the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta condition CD25+ T cells to suppress colitis] (HDC)

* 2019 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30713536/ Modulation of Allergic Reactivity in Humans Is Dependent on Schistosoma mansoni Parasite Burden, Low Levels of IL-33 or TNF-α and High Levels of IL-10 in Serum]

* 2019 Jan 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30629580/ Antagonistic effects of Plasmodium-helminth co-infections on malaria pathology in different population groups in Côte d'Ivoire]

* 2019 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30687325/ Schistosoma mansoni rSm29 Antigen Induces a Regulatory Phenotype on Dendritic Cells and Lymphocytes From Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis]

* 2019 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626617 Cross-Domain and Viral Interactions in the Microbiome] (Includes a 10-page section on microbiota/helminth interactions and their effects on immune function.)

* 2019 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30640950 Exclusive dependence of IL-10Rα signalling on intestinal microbiota homeostasis and control of whipworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6347331/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6347331/pdf/ppat.1007265.pdf PDF] (This study contributes to understanding of the actions of TSO and TTO on diseases such as IBD.)

* 2019 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30194773/ STAT6 and IL-10 are required for the anti-arthritic effects of Schistosoma mansoni via different mechanisms]

* 2019 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30419451/ Effect of recombinant Trichinella spiralis cysteine proteinase inhibitor on TNBS-induced experimental inflammatory bowel disease in mice]

* 2019 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30413272 Effect of Trichinella spiralis intervention on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice]

* 2019 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30529501/ Helminth-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576918306477?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2019 [https://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration-12989.html Parasitic Worms for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration] -- [https://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration.pdf PDF]

* 2019 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128143070000608 Helminthes and Autoimmunity, a Love Story] (book chapter of Mosaic of Autoimmunity - The Novel Factors of Autoimmune Diseases)

* 2019 [https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/202476 Efeito do tratamento com extrato de Fasciola hepatica e cistatinas recombinantes de Fasciola hepatica em modelo de artrite induzida por antígeno] (Master, Portuguese)

* 2019 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780702068966000314 Immune Responses to Helminth Infection] book chapter of Clinical Immunology

* 2019 [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/2419 Helminths and intestinal microbiota interaction: role in the development of noncommunicable diseases] -- [https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/260360/1/2419-7001-1-SM.pdf PDF] (Russian)

* 2019 [https://iejsme.imu.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/3.-Editorial.pdf Can parasites and their products provide therapeutic leads?]

* 2019 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20203234322 Helminth-based therapy in inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://www.scientia.zooparaz.net/2019_20_01/25-32-SP-2019-Catana.pdf PDF]

* 2019 [https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/231378 Insight into how helminths shape the immune system : from macrophages to bystander memory CD8+ T lymphocytes] (Thesis, Liège)

* 2019 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/117e59f4-1d49-458c-a58a-bf5cb7a7d234 Impacto de la actividad anti-inflamatoria de Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo del cáncer de colon asociado a colitis] (Thesis, Mexico, spanish)

* 2019 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/1eefe8a7-51bc-4fbf-b30b-3290b7a0232f Efecto de los antígenos secretados por el parásito helminto Taenia crassiceps en distintas rutas de señalización comúnmente afectadas en cáncer colorrectal] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2019 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/5c68d175-21cf-4fce-93da-71cd678bebb2 Efecto de los productos excretados/secretados de Taenia crassiceps sobre la población de células Tregs durante el desarrollo de cáncer de colon asociado a colitis] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2019 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/db3400dc-bccd-4b2b-96b3-83a33b844537 Papel de las células T reguladoras inducidas por antígenos excretados/secretados de Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo de colitis experimental] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2019 [https://indianjournals.com/article/ijfmt-13-4-170 Immune Modulation as A Result of Helminthes Infestation in Patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Disease, Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: Cases Control Study]

* 2019 [https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:0335413 Mining helminth secretions for new classes of immune suppressing drugs] (Thesis, Queensland)

===2018===

* 2018 Dec 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30592734 Treatment with P28GST, a schistosome-derived enzyme, after acute colitis induction in mice: Decrease of intestinal inflammation associated with a down regulation of Th1/Th17 responses]
* 2018 Dec 17 [https://repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/1ca9c39d-7359-43f4-a2da-5c5dcdb9687d/content Effects of Ascaris lumbricoides in eosinophils, regulatory B cells and asthma severity in asthmatic patients from a helminth endemic population] (master report)
* 2018 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30554380 Tuftsin phosphorylcholine-a novel compound harnessing helminths to fight autoimmunity] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-018-9051-2 Full text]
* 2018 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30619265 Human Hookworm Infection Enhances Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition and Associates With Reduced Risk of Tuberculosis Infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6302045/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6302045/pdf/fimmu-09-02893.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2018 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30292284 The Schistosoma mansoni lipidome: Leads for immunomodulation] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267017313363 Full text] | [https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0003267017313363?token=BE837298629AA0AF5C0E7F7891E97CA7FBF2194B7348A12FD0CCFD79C45F12DF3E6C69079090C901826FD2CA09ADDD16 PDF]
* 2018 Dec 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638679 Modulation of autoimmune arthritis by environmental 'hygiene' and commensal microbiota]
* 2018 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30529501 Helminth-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis]
* 2018 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30517865 B Cells Produce the Tissue-Protective Protein RELMa during Helminth Infection, which Inhibits IL-17 Expression and Limits Emphysema] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9413029/ Full text] (Wound healing)
* 2018 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30517697 The double burden of diabetes and global infection in low and middle-income countries]
* 2018 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33601839/ Therapeutic effects of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen in high fat diet induced dyslipidemia, hepatic and cardiovascular pathology in mice]
* 2018 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530386/ Skin Reactivity to Aeroallergens in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Brazilian Individuals and Modulation of CCL2 and IL-10]
* 2018 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29411665/ Immunomodulatory potential of recombinant filarial protein, rWbL2, and its therapeutic implication in experimental ulcerative colitis in mouse]
* 2018 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30105843/ Effect of two recombinant Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitors on TNBS-induced experimental colitis of mice]
* 2018 Dec [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jj0r5rj Immunoregulatory Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of Hookworm Infection] (Thesis)
* 2018 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30567900 Fh15 Blocks the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Storm While Modulating Peritoneal Macrophage Migration and CD38 Expression within Spleen Macrophages in a Mouse Model of Septic Shock] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6300687/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6300687/pdf/mSphere.00548-18.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Nov 30 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/33225 Effect of congruent gastro-intestinal pathogen infection on oral prion disease susceptibility] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/33225/Sanchez%20Quintero2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2018 Nov 26 [https://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail?id=PeriodicalPaper_zgdfbxzz201810023 Anti-tumor effect induced by helminth infection] (Chinese)
* 2018 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30462997 Modulation of Host Immunity by Helminths: The Expanding Repertoire of Parasite Effector Molecules]
* 2018 Nov 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30483256 Schistosoma mansoni Infection-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Hepatic Macrophage Metabolism Correlate With an Athero-Protective Phenotype] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240656/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240656/pdf/fimmu-09-02580.pdf PDF] (Metabolic syndrome)
* 2018 Nov 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30473696 Mucosal Barrier and Th2 Immune Responses Are Enhanced by Dietary Inulin in Pigs Infected With Trichuris suis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6237860/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6237860/pdf/fimmu-09-02557.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2018 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30407548 Metabolic consequences of concomitant Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Type 2 diabetes mellitus]
* 2018 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30401814 Intestinal helminth infection promotes IL-5- and CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity in the lung against migrating parasites]
* 2018 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30121255/ Helminth Antigen-Conditioned Dendritic Cells Generate Anti-Inflammatory Cd4 T Cells Independent of Antigen Presentation via Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II] (HDC) (Colitis)
* 2018 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118915/ Acute infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis increases intestine production IL-10, reduces Th1/Th2/Th17 induction in colon and attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced colitis in BALB/c mice]
* 2018 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30379806 The Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population requires IL-4Rα signaling to control inflammation during helminth infections]
* 2018 Oct 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30375396/ Helminth-induced IL-4 expands bystander memory CD8+ T cells for early control of viral infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207712/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207712/pdf/41467_2018_Article_6978.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30372527 Maternal helminth infections and the shaping of offspring immunity]
* 2018 Oct 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30374177 Analysis of the Trichuris suis excretory/secretory proteins as a function of life cycle stage and their immunomodulatory properties] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206011/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206011/pdf/41598_2018_Article_34174.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2018 Oct 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30361537 Virtual memory CD8 T cells expanded by helminth infection confer broad protection against bacterial infection]
* 2018 Oct 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30104215/ Host- and Helminth-Derived Endocannabinoids That Have Effects on Host Immunity Are Generated during Infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6204704/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6204704/pdf/e00441-18.pdf PDF] (media coverage "[https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2018/08/22/getting-high-worms Getting high on worms]")
* 2018 Oct 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30416709 Helminth parasites and immune regulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206608/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206608/pdf/f1000research-7-17014.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30353019 A comprehensive analysis of the faecal microbiome and metabolome of Strongyloides stercoralis infected volunteers from a non-endemic area] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6199319/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6199319/pdf/41598_2018_Article_33937.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341242 Mast Cell Deficiency in Mice Results in Biomass Overgrowth and Delayed Expulsion of the Rat Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta] (HDC)
* 2018 Oct 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30336585 Failure of the Anti-Inflammatory Parasitic Worm Product ES-62 to Provide Protection in Mouse Models of Type I Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2669/htm Full text]
* 2018 Oct 16 [https://www.arc.gov.au/news-publications/media/feature-articles/combatting-autoimmune-diseases-humble-hookworm?fbclid=IwAR0DxQ-uGjksCaC1gkCgpXhw2_ImRwgswkbyTukwHbLY2ZbNbWQD53KlXvc Combatting autoimmune diseases with the humble hookworm]
* 2018 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30386324/ Helminth Infections Induce Tissue Tolerance Mitigating Immunopathology but Enhancing Microbial Pathogen Susceptibility] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6198046/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6198046/pdf/fimmu-09-02135.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30369927 Immunomodulation by Helminths: Intracellular Pathways and Extracellular Vesicles] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194161/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194161/pdf/fimmu-09-02349.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30316775 Immunomodulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens on macrophages]
* 2018 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30349532/ Parasitic Nematodes Exert Antimicrobial Activity and Benefit From Microbiota-Driven Support for Host Immune Regulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6186814/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6186814/pdf/fimmu-09-02282.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30291167 Helminth-Induced Production of TGF-β and Suppression of Graft-versus-Host Disease Is Dependent on IL-4 Production by Host Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6219912/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6219912/pdf/nihms-1506720.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29986301/ The hygiene hypothesis: immunological mechanisms of airway tolerance] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6202673/ Full text]
* 2018 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30113218/ Interactions of helminths with macrophages: therapeutic potential for inflammatory intestinal disease]
* 2018 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29954660/ The Untapped Pharmacopeic Potential of Helminths]
* 2018 Sep 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30266743 Parasites as negative regulators of cancer] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6200699/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6200699/pdf/bsr-38-bsr20180935.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319571 The Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6167487/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6167487/pdf/fmicb-09-02247.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2018 Sep 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30298071/ Host–Parasite Interactions Promote Disease Tolerance to Intestinal Helminth Infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6160735/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6160735/pdf/fimmu-09-02128.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Sep 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30230399 Randomized Crossover Feasibility Trial of Helminthic Trichuris Suis Ova vs. Placebo for Repetitive Behaviors in Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder] (TSO) This research used a novel TSO formulation at pH 5 that is known to be less effective than the original formulation at pH 2.4. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335]
* 2018 Sep 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30229947 Soil-transmitted helminth parasites and allergy: observations from Ecuador]
* 2018 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30216486 Parasites and allergy: observations from Africa]
* 2018 Sep 12 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/102344 Paraziti a roztroušená skleróza: spouštěči onemocnění, nebo nástroj terapie?] (Bachelor thesis, Czech)
* 2018 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30205385/ A Trypsin-Sensitive Proteoglycan from the Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta Inhibits Murine Neutrophil Chemotaxis in vitro by Suppressing p38 MAP Kinase Activation] (HDC)
* 2018 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30194773 STAT6 & IL-10 are required for the anti-arthritic effects of Schistosoma mansoni via different mechanisms]
* 2018 Sep 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177522/ Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6148219/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6148219/pdf/bsr-38-bsr20180027.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29909781/ The benign helminth Hymenolepis diminuta ameliorates chemically induced colitis in a rat model system] (HDC)
* 2018 Sep [https://www.proquest.com/openview/419c91371060e14f1c1ffc09bf722081/1 The Use of Helminth Parasites to Treat Allergic and Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases] (Master thesis)
* 2018 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802846/ Synthetic analogues of the parasitic worm product ES-62 reduce disease development in in vivo models of lung fibrosis]
* 2018 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29941203/ Helminth-Bacterial Interactions: Cause and Consequence] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/abstract/S1471-4906(18)30110-8?sf212515596=1 Full text]
* 2018 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30165069 The hygiene hypothesis at a glance: early exposures, immune mechanism and novel therapies]
* 2018 Aug 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30113218 Interactions of helminths with macrophages: therapeutic potential for inflammatory intestinal disease]
* 2018 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118915 Acute infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis increases intestine production IL-10, reduces Th1/Th2/Th17 induction in colon and attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced colitis in BALB/c mice]
* 2018 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30107039 Isolated Schistosoma mansoni eggs prevent allergic airway inflammation] (Allergic asthma)
* 2018 Aug 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30089122 Helminths-based bi-functional molecule, tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC), ameliorates an established murine arthritis] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0200615 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0200615&type=printable PDF]
* 2018 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30131945 The Intestinal Roundworm Ascaris suum Releases Antimicrobial Factors Which Interfere With Bacterial Growth and Biofilm Formation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6090379/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6090379/pdf/fcimb-08-00271.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30069018 Hookworm exposure decreases human papillomavirus uptake and cervical cancer cell migration through systemic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker expression] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-30058-9 Full text] | [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-30058-9.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29941205/ Classic Models for New Perspectives: Delving into Helminth-Microbiota-Immune System Interactions]
* 2018 Aug [https://open.uct.ac.za/items/faac602f-4e1b-4749-ba25-774c050b6594 Cancer cell behaviour following parasite exposure] -- [https://open.uct.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/8dcd05ac-3817-43aa-a3bc-c0cb4e2e90d4/content PDF] (Master, Cape Town)
* 2018 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30142867 Trichuris suis ova therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis] -- [https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2018/08240/Trichuris_suis_ova_therapy_in_inflammatory_bowel.119.aspx Full text] (IBD) The 6 papers analysed in this study all have significant design flaws. All but one had a treatment period of only 12 weeks, which is inadequate when assessing the efficacy of helminths, and the only study with a longer treatment period was designed to assess the safety and tolerability, and not the efficacy, of a ''single'' dose of TSO. Four of the six studies selected had also used a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study are therefore not reliable.
* 2018 Jul 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30108588 A Role for Epitope Networking in Immunomodulation by Helminths] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6079203/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6079203/pdf/fimmu-09-01763.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30093899 Trichinella spiralis Infection Mitigates Collagen-Induced Arthritis via Programmed Death 1-Mediated Immunomodulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070611/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070611/pdf/fimmu-09-01566.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30043455 Worms: Pernicious Parasites or Allies Against Allergies?]
* 2018 Jul 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30021142 Getting a Taste for Parasites in the Gut]
* 2018 Jul 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30061834 Influence of NOD2 Variants on Trichuris suis ova Treatment Outcome in Crohn's Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054957/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054957/pdf/fphar-09-00764.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jul 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30003599 Hookworms Make Us Human: The Microbiome, Eco-immunology, and a Probiotic Turn in Western Health Care] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/2/2d/Hookworms_Make_Us_Human-_The_Microbiome%2C_Eco-immunology%2C_and_a_Probiotic_Turn_in_Western_Health_Care.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2018 Jul 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30108588/ A Role for Epitope Networking in Immunomodulation by Helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6079203/ Full text]
* 2018 Jul 20 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/handle/1843/BUOS-B8ELJN Influência da administração de extrato bruto de Necator americanus em camundongos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2018 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29992625 Hematopoietic cell-derived RELMα regulates hookworm immunity through effects on macrophages] (Also reported by Science Daily. [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180806145207.htm])
* 2018 Jul 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30057915 Macrophage Activation and Functions during Helminth Infection: Recent Advances from the Laboratory Mouse] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6051086/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6051086/pdf/JIR2018-2790627.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jul 2 [https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00032 Eating Worms to Treat Autoimmune Diseases?]
* 2018 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30072827 SXP-RAL Family Filarial Protein, rWbL2, Prevents Development of DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052733/ Full text]
* 2018 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29915224 Characteristics of the bacterial microbiome in association with common intestinal parasites in irritable bowel syndrome] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6006308/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6006308/pdf/41424_2018_Article_27.pdf PDF] (IBS)
* 2018 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29796663 The therapeutic prospect of crosstalk between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in the human gut]
* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29522851/ The parasitic 68-mer peptide FhHDM-1 inhibits mixed granulocytic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in experimental asthma]
* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29486173 Soil-transmitted helminth infections and intestinal and systemic inflammation in schoolchildren] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001706X1830233X?via%3Dihub Full text] | [https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0001706X1830233X/1-s2.0-S0001706X1830233X-main.pdf?_tid=40509b04-c3e5-4baf-9f89-dfd29ef353d6&acdnat=1520445863_d2042c3fffa57972d2a29a072cebca94 PDF]
* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29653264/ Helminth infection in mice improves insulin sensitivity via modulation of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism]
* 2018 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29808496 Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles]
* 2018 May 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29852470 Helminth-induced regulatory T cells and suppression of allergic responses]
* 2018 May 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29875750 Extracellular Vesicles From the Helminth Fasciola hepatica Prevent DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in a T-Lymphocyte Independent Mode] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5974114/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5974114/pdf/fmicb-09-01036.pdf PDF]
* 2018 May 23 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad-Zibaei/publication/326071809_Helminths_and_Approach_to_Treatment_of_Immune-Mediated_Diseases/links/5b83985f4585151fd134fcca/Helminths-and-Approach-to-Treatment-of-Immune-Mediated-Diseases.pdf Helminths and Approach to Treatment of Immune-Mediated Diseases]
* 2018 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29891463/ Intervention with Schistosoma japonicum cysteine protease inhibitor for treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in mice] (Chinese)
* 2018 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29867986 Protection Against Arthritis by the Parasitic Worm Product ES-62, and Its Drug-Like Small Molecule Analogues, Is Associated With Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5967578/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5967578/pdf/fimmu-09-01016 PDF]
* 2018 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29867790 Parasite-Microbiota Interactions With the Vertebrate Gut: Synthesis Through an Ecological Lens] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5960673/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5960673/pdf/fmicb-09-00843.pdf PDF]
* 2018 May 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29746467 Disentangling complex parasite interactions: Protection against cerebral malaria by one helminth species is jeopardized by co-infection with another] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963812/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963812/pdf/pntd.0006483.pdf PDF]
* 2018 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29574798/ Modulation of human dendritic cell activity by Giardia and helminth antigens] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12525 Full text]
* 2018 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29121394/ Larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection reduces dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice by attenuating T helper type 1/type 17-mediated immune reactions]
* 2018 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/200/Supplement_1/52.9/7975944?login=false Fasciola hepatica Glutathione S-tranferase suppresses inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo against lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide on C57Bl/6 mice]
* 2018 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29760697 Hookworm Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Interact With Host Cells and Prevent Inducible Colitis in Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936971/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936971/pdf/fimmu-09-00850.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Apr 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29698559 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) equally effective to methylprednisolone in ameliorating lupus nephritis in a mice model] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6046477/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6046477/pdf/CEI-193-160.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Apr 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659774 Are intestinal worms nature’s anti-atherosclerosis vaccine?] [https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/18/1653/4967832 abstract]
* 2018 Apr 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29653264 Helminth infection in mice improves insulin sensitivity via modulation of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism]
* 2018 Apr 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29670630 Helminth Infections: Recognition and Modulation of the Immune Response by Innate Immune Cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5893867/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5893867/pdf/fimmu-09-00664.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29510117/ Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and pollen allergens from the birch tree (Betula verrucosa) and Timothy grass (Phleum pratense): involvement of shared glycan epitopes and implications for the hygiene hypothesis]
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29417715/ Competing for blood: the ecology of parasite resource competition in human malaria-helminth co-infections] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12919 Full text]
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29309743/ Population based and animal study on the effects of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the regulation of host glucose homeostasis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X17307544?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29623983 Symptomatic hypereosinophilia associated with Necator americanus self-inoculation] (NA)
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29355990 A sticky end for gastrointestinal helminths; the role of the mucus barrier] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900928/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900928/pdf/PIM-40-na.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351079/ Syphacia muris infection in rats attenuates colorectal carcinogenesis through oxidative stress and gene expression alterations. Implications for modulatory effects by Bryostatin-1]
* 2018 Mar 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29569735 Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells]
* 2018 Mar 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29567298 Associations between Gut Microbiota and Common Luminal Intestinal Parasites]
* 2018 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29545532 Helminth infection protects against high fat diet-induced obesity via induction of alternatively activated macrophages] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854586/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854586/pdf/41598_2018_Article_22920.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29543807/ Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871004/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871004/pdf/pntd.0006332.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29546242 Manipulation of host and parasite microbiotas: Survival strategies during chronic nematode infection] -- [https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/3/eaap7399.full Full text] | [https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/3/eaap7399/tab-pdf PDF]
* 2018 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29594121/ Echinococcus granulosus: Cure for Cancer Revisited]
* 2018 Mar [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/55994/ Helminth infection and metabolic disease: Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Aboriginal community] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/55994/1/JCU_55994-hays-2018-thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis, James Cook)
* 2018 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29266481/ Human filarial proteins attenuate chronic colitis in an experimental mouse model]
* 2018 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29486796 Differential human gut microbiome assemblages during soil-transmitted helminth infections in Indonesia and Liberia] -- [https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-018-0416-5 Full text]
* 2018 Feb 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29453411 The impact of a helminth-modified microbiome on host immunity]
* 2018 Feb 16 [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/125649 Characterisation of an immune-modulating peptide secreted by a helminth worm] (Thesis)
* 2018 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425229/ Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 serine protease inhibitor binds to elastase and impairs neutrophil function and inflammation]
* 2018 Feb 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29541642/ Host-Parasite Interactions in Individuals with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Result in Higher Frequency of Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5818974/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5818974/pdf/JDR2018-4238435.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Feb 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29402395 Intestinal worms eating neuropsychiatric disorders? Apparently so] | [[media:Intestinal_worms_eating_neuropsychiatric_disorders%3F_Apparently_so.pdf | PDF]]
* 2018 Jan 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31662622 Helminth Therapy: Advances in the use of Parasitic Worms Against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and its Challenges] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6799527/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6799527/pdf/helm-55-001.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29370855/ Of dogs and hookworms: man’s best friend and his parasites as a model for translational biomedical research] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5785905/ Full text] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5785905/pdf/13071_2018_Article_2621.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29355617 Serine protease inhibitors containing a Kunitz domain: their role in modulation of host inflammatory responses and parasite survival]
* 2018 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29387059/ Schistosoma Infection and Schistosoma-Derived Products Modulate the Immune Responses Associated with Protection against Type 2 Diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5776330/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5776330/pdf/fimmu-08-01990.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29346656 Host responses to intestinal nematodes]
* 2018 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29339033 Helminth Modulation of Lung Inflammation] (Asthma)
* 2018 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29358937/ Feeding Immunity: Physiological and Behavioral Responses to Infection and Resource Limitation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5766659/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5766659/pdf/fimmu-08-01914.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29136163/ Ascaris Suum Infection Downregulates Inflammatory Pathways in the Pig Intestine In Vivo and in Human Dendritic Cells In Vitro] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/217/2/310/4608044 Full text]
* 2018 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351392/ Young mice expel the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta and are protected from colitis by triggering a memory response with worm antigen] -- [https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpgi.00295.2017 PDF] (HDC)
* 2018 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29300114/ The tropics, helminth infections and hygiene hypotheses] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/1744666X.2018.1424543?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org Full text]
* 2018 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29956141/ Production of Hymenolepis diminuta in the Laboratory: An Old Research Tool with New Clinical Applications] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/5/5c/Production_of_Hymenolepis_diminuta_in_the_Laboratory-_An_Old_Research_Tool_with_New_Clinical_Applications.pdf PDF]] (HDC)
* 2018 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Reham-Brakat/publication/342365437_Soluble_Tachyzoite_Antigen_Immunization_Can_Protect_Mice_from_Experimental_Autoimmune_Encephalomyelitis_Via_Induction_of_programmed_death-1/links/5ef10d1992851ce9e7fcaed6/Soluble-Tachyzoite-Antigen-Immunization-Can-Protect-Mice-from-Experimental-Autoimmune-Encephalomyelitis-Via-Induction-of-programmed-death-1.pdf Soluble Tachyzoite Antigen Immunization Can Protect Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Via Induction of programmed death-1] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2018 [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/issue/viewFile/57/20?embed=1#page=189 Metabolic syndromes, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in helminthic infections: review of the literature]
* 2018 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/71a2e89a-875f-48f4-9bc3-d4d793f2b96c Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)
* 2018 [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76792/ Development of peptides as potential drug leads for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases] (Thesis, James Cook)
* 2018 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/5b37bdc5-fae3-408c-8026-579d84941f02 Taenia crassiceps y sus productos controlan la diabetes experimental tipo 1](Thesis, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2018 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/9689a401-2df0-4281-8008-af40bc99832a Efecto de la administración de los productos de excreción-secreción (es) y del extracto crudo (ec) de Hymenolepis nana en la diabetes experimental murina inducida por streptozotocina] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2018 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahdi-Fakhar/publication/327437681_Good_Bacteria_and_Worms_As_Promising_Candidates_for_Inflammatory_Bowel_Disease/links/5b8fadf6a6fdcc1ddd1022c1/Good-Bacteria-and-Worms-As-Promising-Candidates-for-Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease.pdf Good Bacteria and Worms: As Promising Candidates for Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (Persian)
* 2018 [https://www.cntropmed.com/EN/abstract/abstract13488.shtml Advances on parasitic helminths in the treatment of autoimmune diseases] (Chinese)

=== 2017 ===

* 2017 Winter [https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses/356/ A Critical View of Helminthic Therapy: Is It a Viable Form of Treatment for Immune Disorders Under the Category of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?] -- [ https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1430&context=honorstheses PDF] Alyssa Murphy, undergraduate thesis
* 2017 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29491533 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine treatment of autoimmune diseases – a benefit and a message from helminths?] (No abstract) -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5825963/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5825963/pdf/RU-55-31448.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Dec 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29312343 Review: Impact of Helminth Infection on Antimycobacterial Immunity - A Focus on the Macrophage] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743664/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743664/pdf/fimmu-08-01864.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262347/ Recent Advances in Type-2-Cell-Mediated Immunity: Insights from Helminth Infection] -- [https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(17)30516-2 Full text]
* 2017 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29224909 Hygiene Hypothesis in Asthma Development: Is Hygiene to Blame?]
* 2017 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29390318/ Hymenolepis nana: A case report of a perfect IBD camouflage warrior]
* 2017 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28951343/ The relationship between treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Australian Aboriginal population: A three-year cohort study] -- [https://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-8227(17)30215-2/abstract Full text]
* 2017 Nov 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29238348 The Mannose Receptor in Regulation of Helminth-Mediated Host Immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5712593/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5712593/pdf/fimmu-08-01677.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29184071 Preventive Trichuris suis ova (TSO) treatment protects immunocompetent rabbits from DSS colitis but may be detrimental under conditions of immunosuppression] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5705695/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5705695/pdf/41598_2017_Article_16287.pdf PDF]
::According to Detlev Goj (developer and manufacturer of TSO) "The article equates rabbits with humans, which is of course extremely questionable. We have been working almost exclusively with immunosuppressed patients for many years and have not had a single case of exacerbation. Most studies with TSO were conducted with immunosuppressed patients and almost all of our customers were immunosuppressed."
* 2017 Nov 24 [https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-11-discovery-potent-parasite-protein-therapeutic.html Discovery of potent parasite protein may lead to new therapeutic options for inflammatory bowel conditions] Medical News Today (IBD)
* 2017 Nov 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29171863 Schistosoma mansoni-specific immune responses and allergy in Uganda]
* 2017 Nov 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29170498 A structurally distinct TGF-β mimic from an intestinal helminth parasite potently induces regulatory T cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701006/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701006/pdf/41467_2017_Article_1886.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29162324 Modulation of human macrophage activity by Ascaris antigens is dependent on macrophage polarization state]
* 2017 Nov 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29133417 Human resistin protects against endotoxic shock by blocking LPS-TLR4 interaction] (For media comment on this study linking helminths with potential sepsis treatment, see [https://highlandernews.org/31486/ucr-researchers-discovered-effective-treatment-sepsis/ here].)
* ✅ 2017 Nov 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29133248 Evolution of the hygiene hypothesis into biota alteration theory: What are the paradigms and where are the clinical applications?] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457917301855?via%3Dihub Full text] | [[media:Evolution_of_the_hygiene_hypothesis_into_biota_alteration_theory-_what_are_the_paradigms_and_where_are_the_clinical_applications%3F.pdf | PDF]]
* 2017 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29249872 Taenia crassiceps Antigens Control Experimental Type 1 Diabetes by Inducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages] — [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5698814/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5698814/pdf/MI2017-8074329.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29163443 Parasite-Derived Proteins for the Treatment of Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682104/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682104/pdf/fmicb-08-02164.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29115241/ Diet, atherosclerosis, and helmintic infection in Tsimane] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6042967/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6042967/pdf/nihms976321.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29095820 "Omic" investigations of protozoa and worms for a deeper understanding of the human gut "parasitome"] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005916 Full text]
* 2017 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29163523/ Interleukin-5 Mediates Parasite-Induced Protection against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Association with Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/pdf/fimmu-08-01453.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/56036/ Exploring low molecular weight molecules produced by hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum) and their use as anti-inflammatory agents] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/56036/1/JCU_56036-shepherd-2017-thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis)
* 2017 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28546083 Mechanisms of tolerance and potential therapeutic interventions in Alopecia Areata] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725817301274 Full text] (See section 4: Gut microbiota and helminths, autoimmunity and tolerance.)
* 2017 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29108604 Global issues in allergy and immunology: Parasitic infections and allergy]
* 2017 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29068485 Is the hygiene hypothesis relevant for the risk of multiple sclerosis?]
* 2017 Oct 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141759 Cell Type-Specific Immunomodulation Induced by Helminthes: Effect on Metainflammation, Insulin Resistance and Type-2 Diabetes] (Metabolic syndrome)
* 2017 Oct 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29109850 Liver cystic echinococcosis and human host immune and autoimmune follow-up: A review] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666304/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666304/pdf/WJH-9-1176.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Oct 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29073139 Composition of the Schistosoma mansoni worm secretome: Identification of immune modulatory Cyclophilin A] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006012 Full text]
* 2017 Oct 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29064448/ Production and Use of Hymenolepis diminuta Cysticercoids as Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/6/10/98/htm Full text] (HDC)
* 2017 Oct 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29045903 HpARI Protein Secreted by a Helminth Parasite Suppresses Interleukin-33] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5655542/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5655542/pdf/main.pdf PDF] (Allergy, asthma)
* 2017 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29034905 The hygiene hypothesis in autoimmunity: the role of pathogens and commensals]
* 2017 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29036211 Orally administered Taenia solium Calreticulin prevents experimental intestinal inflammation and is associated with a type 2 immune response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643116/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643116/pdf/pone.0186510.pdf PDF] (Colitis)
* 2017 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29035384/ Effect of anthelmintic treatment on leptin, adiponectin and leptin to adiponectin ratio: a randomized-controlled trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5678209/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5678209/pdf/nutd201737a.pdf PDF] (diabete)
*2017 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29027962 Novel Therapeutics for Multiple Sclerosis Designed by Parasitic Worms] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/10/2141/htm Full text]
* 2017 Oct 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29114386 Suppression of inflammation and tissue damage by a hookworm recombinant protein in experimental colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5671989/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5671989/pdf/cti201742a.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2017 Oct 6 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/7283 The immunomodulatory capacity of helminths on inflammation: Impact of eosinophils on E. coli-induced sepsis and genome-wide transcriptome profiling of human monocytes stimulated with helminth extract and LPS implicate immune functions and diseases] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2017 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28975357 The Effects of Intestinal Nematode L4 Stage on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2017 Oct 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28969688/ Praziquantel treatment after Schistosoma japonicum infection maintains hepatic insulin sensitivity and improves glucose metabolism in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5625765/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5625765/pdf/13071_2017_Article_2400.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29064315 Safety and efficacy of helminth treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of the HINT 2 clinical trial] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1352458517736377 PDF] This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28550987/ Molecular diagnostics and lack of clinical allergy in helminth-endemic areas in Indonesia]
* 2017 Oct [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/governing-medical-knowledge-commons/chronic-disease-new-thinking-and-outlaw-innovation-patients-on-the-edge-in-the-knowledge-commons/8105C66FEBA55446E15538FD4B164005/core-reader# Chronic Disease, New Thinking, and Outlaw Innovation: Patients on the Edge in the Knowledge Commons] (Chapter 14 of the book, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/governing-medical-knowledge-commons/C4CAF56DF197BA93E850E65509EB36E8 Governing Medical Knowledge Commons], Cambridge University Press.)
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28779539 Effect of ES products from Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) on experimentally induced colitis in adult zebrafish]
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28694301/ Helminth antigens counteract a rapid high-fat diet-induced decrease in adipose tissue eosinophils] -- [https://jme.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/jme/59/3/JME-17-0112.xml Full text]
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28970236 Cardioprotective manifestations of chronic helminth infections: new aspects of an old disease]
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196762/ Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485385/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485385/pdf/emss-79828.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28815724/ Secreted products of Fasciola hepatica inhibit the induction of T cell responses that mediate allergy]
* 2017 Fall [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28948806 Toxocara spp. seronegativity in Czech patients with early form of multiple sclerosis - clinically isolated syndrome]
* 2017 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28960280 Functional specialization of intestinal dendritic cell subsets during Th2 helminth infection in mice]
* 2017 Sep 25 - [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28945752/ Impact of Enterobius vermicularis infection and mebendazole treatment on intestinal microbiota and host immune response] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5629029/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5629029/pdf/pntd.0005963.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 19 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/52966 Epidemiological transition in Indonesia : impact of helminths and urbanization on the development of Type 2 diabetes] (thesis)
* 2017 Sep 19 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/57928 Tracking helminths : from molecular diagnostics to mechanisms behind immune polarization] (Thesis)
* 2017 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28959207/ Exosomes Derived from Dendritic Cells Treated with Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis]
* 2017 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28869965/ The neuropeptide neuromedin U stimulates innate lymphoid cells and type 2 inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6066372/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6066372/pdf/nihms896443.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28869974/ Neuronal regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells via neuromedin U] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5714273/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5714273/pdf/emss-73331.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28892562 Triggering immunological memory against the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta to protect against colitis] (HDC)
* 2017 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28892494 Infections by human gastrointestinal helminths are associated with changes in faecal microbiota diversity and composition] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5593201/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5593201/pdf/pone.0184719.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28970717 Helminths as an alternative therapy for intestinal diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5597493/ Full text] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5597493/pdf/WJG-23-6009.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28472383/ Effect of Anthelmintic Treatment on Insulin Resistance: A Cluster-Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Indonesia] -- [https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/65/5/764/3791906?login=false Full text] (Diabetes)
* 2017 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28861721/ Influence of Parasitic Worm Infections on Allergy Diagnosis in Sub-Saharan Africa]
* 2017 Sep-Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27424065 Intestinal parasites infection: protective effect in rheumatoid arthritis?] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255502116300426 Full text] | [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255502116300426/pdfft?md5=4749d7bd9eac36329b3f1e5412ef2a28&pid=1-s2.0-S2255502116300426-main.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28689246 Parasites and asthma]
* 2017 Sep [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/ Human herpes virus antibody levels in helminth treated and placebo controlled multiple sclerosis patients] | [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/1/MRES%20thesis%20P%20A%20C%20Maple%2030.12.2017.pdf] (thesis)
* 2017 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28583216/ The role of rare innate immune cells in Type 2 immune activation against parasitic helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5962964/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5962964/pdf/nihms967402.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27667321/ Therapeutic potential of the immunomodulatory proteins Wuchereria bancrofti L2 and Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript 2 against streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in mice] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-helminthology/article/abs/therapeutic-potential-of-the-immunomodulatory-proteins-wuchereria-bancrofti-l2-and-brugia-malayi-abundant-larval-transcript-2-against-streptozotocininduced-type-1-diabetes-in-mice/92D048CA5FC133D121A8274777B09EB6 Full text]
* 2017 Aug 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28883695 Schistosoma japonicum attenuates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice via reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569284/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569284/pdf/WJG-23-5700.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28912887/ rSj16 Protects against DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting the PPAR-α Signaling Pathway]
* 2017 Aug 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28779539 Effect of ES-products from Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) on experimentally induced colitis in adult zebrafish]
* 2017 Aug 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28771620 A benign helminth alters the host immune system and the gut microbiota in a rat model system] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5542714/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5542714/pdf/pone.0182205.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2017 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28877578 Syphacia obvelata: A New Hope to Induction of Intestinal Immunological Tolerance in C57BL/6 Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5594727/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5594727/pdf/kjp-55-4-439.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28224678/ Microbiome, autoimmunity, allergy, and helminth infection: The importance of the pregnancy period]
* 2017 Jul 24 [https://trjfas.org/uploads/pdf_1183.pdf Role of Parasitic Helminths in Bioremediating Some Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Tissues of Lethrinus mahsena]
* ⚡ 2017 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335 Not infection with parasitic worms, but rather colonization with therapeutic helminths] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/1/10/Not_infection_with_parasitic_worms_but_rather_colonization_with_therapeutic_helminths.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jul 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28710478/ Recombinant Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein suppresses toll-like receptor stimulation in response to multiple bacterial ligands] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5511235/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5511235/pdf/41598_2017_Article_5735.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jul 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28703913 A. suum infection modulates inflammation: implication of CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+ T cells and IL-10]
* 2017 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28740485/ Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine Maintains Normal Gut Microbiota in Collagen Induced Arthritic Mice]
* 2017 Jul 7 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/770065b2-c8fa-4f82-b036-546f012b9d92 Characterisation of secreted exosomes from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2017 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28476343/ Immune responses to fungal aeroallergen in Heligmosomoides polygyrus-infected mice vary by age]
* 2017 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28032359/ Opisthorchis felineus negatively associates with skin test reactivity in Russia-EuroPrevall-International Cooperation study] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.13120 Full text]
* 2017 Jun 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28659212 Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression]
* 2017 Jun 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28664463 Therapeutic potential of helminths in autoimmune diseases: helminth-derived immune-regulators and immune balance]
* 2017 Jun 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28744067 Helminth Products Potently Modulate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Downregulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting a Suppressive Microenvironment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/pdf/MI2017-8494572.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2017 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28676845 Th2/1 Hybrid Cells Occurring in Murine and Human Strongyloidiasis Share Effector Functions of Th1 Cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476698/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476698/pdf/fcimb-07-00261.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jun 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28614408 Schistosoma japonicum infection downregulates house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0179565 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0179565&type=printable PDF] (Asthma)
* 2017 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28638627 Environmental factors influencing multiple sclerosis in Latin America] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/pdf/10.1177_2055217317715049.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495875/ Macrophage function in tissue repair and remodeling requires IL-4 or IL-13 with apoptotic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/pdf/nihms892778.pdf PDF] (Science)
* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28606411/ Can Parasitic Worms Cure the Modern World's Ills?] -- [https://core.ac.uk/reader/82958566 PDF]
* 2017 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28602842 Immune responses and parasitological observations induced during probiotic treatment with medicinal Trichuris suis ova in a healthy volunteer] (TSO).
::Comment by Detlev Goj, owner of Ovamed and developer of TSO: "This was an experiment by the Danish group where neither I or Ovamed was involved. It is not known from where this group has got the eggs from. They don't say that in their publication either. Strangely, this patients has received TTO (trichiuris trichura, the human whipworm, prior to Trichuris suis from the very same group of authors [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12394]. It is under very strong doubt that the worms the authors claim to have found in this patient was Trichuris suis rather than from the previous inoculation he had with TTO. Especially because he was only treated with one dose of Mebendazole. TTO is quite difficult to kill and it takes much more than a quick shot of Mebendazole".
* 2017 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28492420 Helminthic Therapy: A New Era in Immune-Mediated Diseases] -- [https://journals.lww.com/jclinrheum/Citation/2017/06000/Helminthic_Therapy__A_New_Era_in_Immune_Mediated.19.aspx Full text] (Mixed connective tissue disease/MCTD, Raynaud phenomenon)
* 2017 Jun [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(16)30533-3/abstract Helminths in organ transplantation]
* 2017 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28363777/ Dual genetic absence of STAT6 and IL-10 does not abrogate anti-hyperglycemic effects of Schistosoma mansoni in streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489417301728?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2017 Jun [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000349672423288X Helminthes based novel compound, tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) ameliorates established murine arthritis] (Poster)
* 2017 May 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28526605 Microevolutionary response of a gut nematode to intestinal inflammation]
* 2017 May 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28494800/ Somatic extracts of Marshallagia marshalli downregulate the Th2 associated immune responses in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in BALB/c mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427607/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427607/pdf/13071_2017_Article_2159.pdf PDF] (Asthma)
* 2017 May 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28482922 Therapeutic effect of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on bacterial sepsis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5422996/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5422996/pdf/13071_2017_Article_2162.pdf PDF]
* 2017 May 1 [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/198/Supplement_1/216.13/7970770?login=false Fasciola hepatica Glutathione S-tranferase suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytokines from murine macrophages in vitro and boosts the survival rate of C57Bl/6 mice against lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide]
* 2017 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/198/Supplement_1/66.7/7969939?login=false Down-modulation of colitis-associated colorectal cancer development by treatment with helminth-derived molecules]
* 2017 May [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12432 Parasites and metabolic diseases] -- [https://drive.google.com/file/d/14btJYE85a8cAx6kPV3STRM6F0bDm4RmJ/view Full text]
* 2017 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27716947/ Parasites, microbiota and metabolic disease]
* 2017 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28235148/ Parasites, nutrition, immune responses and biology of metabolic tissues] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5863236/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5863236/pdf/nihms855585.pdf PDF]
* 2017 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28073393/ Study on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathways of small cell lung cancer H446 cells induced by Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae ESPs] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/study-on-the-mitochondrial-apoptosis-pathways-of-small-cell-lung-cancer-h446-cells-induced-by-trichinella-spiralis-muscle-larvae-esps/37ABADB1E0C29A19D08F52495EC2C0BE Full text]
* 2017 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28320601/ Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: a cross-sectional cohort study] (Comments : 2017 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28463127/ From arterial ageing to cardiovascular disease], 2017 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361976/ Coronary artery disease: Urbanization is a risk factor for CAD], [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31941-4/fulltext Diet, atherosclerosis, and helmintic infection in Tsimane] in reply to[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29115238/] and [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29115239/])
* 2017 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28476343 Immune responses to fungal aeroallergen in Heligmosomoides polygyrus infected-mice vary by age]
* 2017 Apr 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28484453 Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease] -- [https://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00453/full Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5401880/pdf/fimmu-08-00453.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Apr 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28450853 Micromanagement of Immune System: Role of miRNAs in Helminthic Infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5390025/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5390025/pdf/fmicb-08-00586.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Apr 11 [https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/urs/2017/poster-session-A/10/ Helminth Parasites Protect from Intestinal Damage in Mice Model of IBD] (Undergraduate)
* 2017 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28390393 Regulatory monocytes in helminth infections: insights from the modulation during human hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385058/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385058/pdf/12879_2017_Article_2366.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Apr 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28385494 Schistosome-induced pulmonary B cells inhibit allergic airway inflammation and display a reduced Th2-driving function]
* 2017 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28204053 Whipping Crohn's With Helminth Therapies? Not Yet]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28201853/ Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and peanut: a role for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) and implications for the hygiene hypothesis]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28429567/ The Tsimane Health and Life History Project: Integrating anthropology and biomedicine]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28031319 Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5349792/ Full text]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30157342/ Relation between schistosome past infection and metabolic syndrome] -- [https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78014.html Full text]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27488471/ Diminished IL-17A levels may protect filarial-infected individuals from development of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0961203316662722 Full text]
* 2017 Mar 31 [https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7498 Efeito imunomodulador de diferentes extratos de Angiostrongylus cantonensis no desenvolvimento de resposta pulmonar alérgica em um modelo murino] (Post-graduate, Portuguese)
* 2017 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28342137 Skewed Exposure to Environmental Antigens Complements Hygiene Hypothesis in Explaining the Rise of Allergy] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10441-017-9306-7 Full text] | [https://download.springer.com/static/pdf/689/art%253A10.1007%252Fs10441-017-9306-7.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10441-017-9306-7&token2=exp=1490739158~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F689%2Fart%25253A10.1007%25252Fs10441-017-9306-7.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.1007%252Fs10441-017-9306-7*~hmac=9a64ec6d20433c8458c2148266ee7c346fa819eaa97422b8a79fccc79d005885 PDF]
* 2017 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28342825 Association between parasitic infections and tuberculin skin test results in refugees] (Tuberculosis)
* 2017 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28340138 A life without worms] -- [https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trx010 Full text]
* 2017 Mar 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28302598 Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract as modulators of immunity and pathology] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5495915/ Full text]
* 2017 Mar 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28295446 A recombinant cystatin from Ascaris lumbricoides attenuates inflammation of DSS-induced colitis]
* 2017 Mar 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28284979 Effect of polymorphisms on TGFB1 on allergic asthma and helminth infection in an African admixed population]
* 2017 Mar 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28271497 Chronic schistosomiasis during pregnancy epigenetically reprograms T cell differentiation in offspring of infected mothers] (Allergy)
* 2017 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27677654/ Inhibition of cytokine response to TLR stimulation and alleviation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5323857/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5323857/pdf/JCMM-21-475.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28030334 Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model] (TSO)
* 2017 Mar [https://comum.rcaap.pt/entities/publication/8696f98c-69b1-46d8-ba76-fc0d0ec4d707 Uso terapêutico dos Helmintas] (Master thesis, Portuguese)
* 2017 Mar [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09z9m25n Human Resistin Regulates Immunity to Helminths and Sepsis] (thesis)
* 2017 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28149012/ Filarial Abundant Larval Transcript Protein ALT-2: An Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Agent for Type 1 Diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5247370/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5247370/pdf/12291_2016_Article_572.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28235148 Parasites, nutrition, immune responses, and biology of metabolic tissues]
* 2017 Feb 23 [[media:Parasites, ghosts and mutualists- a relational geography of microbes for global health.pdf | Parasites, ghosts and mutualists - a relational geography of microbes for global health]] (PDF) -- Jamie Lorimer, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Royal Geographical Society.
* 2017 Feb 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28265273 New Data on Human Macrophages Polarization by Hymenolepis diminuta Tapeworm - An In Vitro Study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5316519/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5316519/pdf/fimmu-08-00148.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2017 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28201853 Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and peanut: a role for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) and implications for the hygiene hypothesis] (Allergy)
* 2017 Feb 15 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=wzCRDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA109&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q&f=false Atherosclerosis and Helminths Infection] book chapter of "Human Helminthiasis"
* 2017 Feb 13 [https://hdl.handle.net/1843/34520 Infecção helmíntica exerce efeito benéfico no desenvolvimento da obesidade experimental e suas consequências metabólicas] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2017 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28192437 Species dependent impact of helminth-derived antigens on human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Direct effect on the innate anti-mycobacterial response] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005390 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005390&type=printable PDF]
* 2017 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28191818 Changes in protein expression after treatment with Ancylostoma caninum excretory/secretory products in a mouse model of colitis] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep41883 Full text] | [https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep41883 PDF]
* 2017 Feb 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196762 Enteric helminth-induced type-I interferon signalling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota]
* 2017 Feb 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28178298 The impact of prenatal exposure to parasitic infections and to anthelmintic treatment on antibody responses to routine immunisations given in infancy: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005213 Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298230/pdf/pntd.0005213.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27871775/ Recombinant proteins of helminths with immunoregulatory properties and their possible therapeutic use]
* 2017 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27931742/ Schistosoma mansoni antigens alter activation markers and cytokine profile in lymphocytes of patients with asthma]
* 2017 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27771420/ Alterations in serum paraoxonase-1 activity and lipid profile in chronic alcoholic patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X16304636?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2017 Jan 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28128208/ mTORC2 signalling regulates M2 macrophage differentiation in response to helminth infection and adaptive thermogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5290163/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5290163/pdf/ncomms14208.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28094319 Helminth-induced Ly6Chi monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep40814 Full text] | [https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep40814 PDF] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2017 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28094779 Suppression of colitis by adoptive transfer of helminth antigen-treated dendritic cells requires interleukin-4 receptor-α signaling] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep40631 Full text] | [https://readcube.com/view/10.1038/srep40631 PDF]
* 2017 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28069755/ Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Autoimmunity in the Central Nervous System] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/198/2/596/106297/Influence-of-the-Gut-Microbiome-on-Autoimmunity-in Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2017 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196925/ Cleaning up the hygiene hypothesis]
* 2017 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28084120/ Inflammatory arthritis and systemic bone loss are attenuated by gastrointestinal helminth parasites]
* 2017 Jan 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27665994 Regulation of type 2 diabetes by helminth-induced Th2 immune response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5240765/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5240765/pdf/jvms-77-1855.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jan 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28073356 Gut microbiota disturbance during helminth infection: can it affect cognition and behaviour of children?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5225537/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5225537/pdf/12879_2016_Article_2146.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28066896 Parasite excretory-secretory products and their effects on metabolic syndrome] -- [https://core.ac.uk/reader/77036281?utm_source=linkout PDF]
* 2017 Jan 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28452686 Helminths and intestinal barrier function] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5362995/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5362995/pdf/ktib-05-01-1283385.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25919312/ Downregulation of immune responses in asthmatic humans by ES products of Marshallagia marshalli]
* 2017 [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=wzCRDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA109&ots=9bCBowGP7m&sig=NVnWMyg3T-fwHiQXa2ROkWh3Skc#v=onepage&q&f=false Atherosclerosis and Helminths Infection] (Book chapter of Human Helminthiasis)
* 2017 [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/212bf6d0-3b5c-4052-88bd-6009f0480d77/content Using a parasite derived peptide to prevent immune-mediated demyelination] (Conference)
* 2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27412603/ Parasites in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Imminent Threat or Protective Effect?]
* 2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29396923/ Frequency and immunological consequences of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasite co-infections: a brief review] -- [https://annals-parasitology.eu/archive_2001_2022/2017-63-4_255.pdf PDF]
* 2017 [https://www.cntropmed.com/EN/abstract/abstract13248.shtml Advances on the infection of Trichuris suis in the treatment of autoimmune disease] (Chinese)
* 2017 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Can_a_gut_helminth_parasite_influence_Th2_inflammatory_responses_in_the_skin_/17059865?file=31547111 Can a gut helminth parasite influence Th2 inflammatory responses in the skin?] (Master thesis)
* 2017 [https://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/DB=2.1/SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=20439354X Thérapie helminthique : pour ou contre ?] (Pharmacy thesis, French)
* 2017 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-69968-4_6 Parasite Mediated Protection Against Allergy] (Book chapter of "Allergy Prevention and Exacerbation")
* 2017 [https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/QhaliKay/article/view/119 Helmintosis y eventos alérgicos - Helminth infections and allergic events] (Spanish)
* 2017 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Can_a_gut_helminth_parasite_influence_Th2_inflammatory_responses_in_the_skin_/17059865?file=31547111 Can a gut helminth parasite influence Th2 inflammatory responses in the skin?] (Master, Malaghan)
* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/02e12501-59a3-43f0-8952-017cc8effe2f Efecto del antígeno secretado/excretado de alto peso molecular por Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, spanish)
* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/01372652-5285-40f4-9245-47e207694c63 Evaluación de la capacidad de la calreticulina recombinante de taenia solium de reducir la genotoxicidad en un modelo de colitis murino] (Master, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/0d888727-6a7f-43ab-9869-5cc60a1df61c Determinación de citocinas en ratones inmunizados con la calreticulina de taenia solium en un modelo de colitis]
* 2017 [https://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail?id=PeriodicalPaper_wcbx201706011 Advances in Study on Helminths in Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (Chinese)
* 2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28432858/ Regulatory function of parasites in autoimmune disease – outcome from experimental model infection]

=== 2016 ===

* 2016 Dec 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28009488 Chronic infections with viruses or parasites: breaking bad to make good]
* 2016 Dec 21 [https://www.nature.com/articles/540S103a Q&A: Joel Weinstock] in Nature
* 2016 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27977856 Nematodes and human therapeutic trials for inflammatory disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5580940/ Full text]
* 2016 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27978433 Exploiting Old Pathogens to Create New Therapeutics]
* 2016 Dec 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929101 Hookworm infection] -- [https://lookaside.fbsbx.com/file/Hookworm.pdf?token=AWzMLBAlpXkIHpPpw3EdbRqiiT4JSi4ZoDqfcymC1Alc7o-QnI_R551leXxADrssmY6JUD-rmWi1TBK-U-oWnp-fb1Ykc7iXN1_ipiK-ZV-rkifcTolyviSZEt9QY13wjPqx_rtLRXrUUawrv52tyE5l PDF]
* 2016 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27925245 Helminths, hygiene hypothesis and type 2 diabetes]
* 2016 Dec [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302781106_The_Hygiene_Hypothesis_and_Immunity_to_Parasitic_Helminths The Hygiene Hypothesis and Immunity to Parasitic Helminths]
* 2016 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28087937/ Myeloid Cell Phenotypes in Susceptibility and Resistance to Helminth Parasite Infections] -- [https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0043-2016 Full text]
* 2016 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30144791/ Effect of Helminthic Infection on the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Mechanisms] (Chinese)
* 2016 Nov 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27883079 A parasite-derived 68-mer peptide ameliorates autoimmune disease in murine models of Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep37789 Full text] | [https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep37789 PDF]
* 2016 Nov 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27872476 New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus] -- [https://sci-hub.wf/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.186 Full text]
* 2016 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27869138/ The helminth product, ES-62 modulates dendritic cell responses by inducing the selective autophagolysosomal degradation of TLR-transducers, as exemplified by PKCδ] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5116678/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5116678/pdf/srep37276.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Nov 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27672083 Treatment with Cestode Parasite Antigens Results in Recruitment of CCR2+ Myeloid Cells, the Adoptive Transfer of Which Ameliorates Colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5116724/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5116724/pdf/zii3471.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2016 Nov 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27956844 Helminth infection during pregnancy: insights from evolutionary ecology]
* 2016 Nov 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27861815 Intestinal helminth infection induces highly functional resident memory CD4+ T cells in mice]
* 2016 Nov 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27862000 Immunomodulation by helminths: similar impact on type 1 and type 2 diabetes?]
* 2016 Nov 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27827438 Changes in duodenal tissue-associated microbiota following hookworm infection and consecutive gluten challenges in humans with coeliac disease] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep36797 Full text] | [https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep36797 PDF]
* 2016 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27905107 Co-operative suppression of inflammatory responses in human dendritic cells by plant proanthocyanidins and products from the parasitic nematode Trichuris suis] (TSO)
* 2016 Nov 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27806992 The whipworm (Trichuris suis) secretes prostaglandin E2 to suppress proinflammatory properties in human dendritic cells] (TSO)
* 2016 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27802332 Anti-Arthritic Activity of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis Derived-Antigens in Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats: Role of FOXP3+ Treg Cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5089557/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5089557/pdf/pone.0165916.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27548652 Aberrant immune response with consequent vascular and connective tissue remodeling - causal to scleroderma and associated syndromes such as Raynaud phenomenon and other fibrosing syndromes?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114306/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114306/pdf/nihms821879.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27983971 Immune-protective effect of echinococcosis on colitis experimental model is dependent of down regulation of TNF-α and NO production]
* 2016 Oct 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27797959/ Hookworm recombinant protein promotes regulatory T cell responses that suppress experimental asthma]
* 2016 Oct 20 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/items/e7e07370-9a1b-4bfd-b048-f154b6ef3509 Avaliação da associação entre respostas alérgicas e infecção por Schistosoma mansoni em indivíduos com baixa carga parasitária residentes no Distrito Rural de Brejo do Amparo, em Januária MG] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2016 Oct 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27791067 Community deworming alleviates geohelminth-induced immune hyporesponsiveness]
* 2016 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27743501 Mucosal and systemic immune modulation by Trichuris trichiura in a self-infected individual] -- [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/6/6a/Mucosal_and_systemic_immune_modulation_by_Trichuris_trichiura_in_a_self-infected_individual.pdf PDF] (TTO)
* 2016 Oct 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27863931 The Multibiome: The Intestinal Ecosystem's Influence on Immune Homeostasis, Health, and Disease] -- [https://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(16)30462-5/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(16)30462-5/pdf PDF]
* 2016 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707789 A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Trichuris suis ova in Active Crohn's disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881737/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881737/pdf/jjw184.pdf PDF] This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
* 2016 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27559049/ Downregulation of the Syk Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient To Induce Dendritic Cells That Inhibit Colitis]
* 2016 Oct-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28127363/ Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Excretory/Secretory (ES) and Somatic Products of Marshallagia marshalli on Allergic Airway Inflammation in BALB/c Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5251180/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5251180/pdf/IJPA-11-515.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Oct [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/8007/ Exploiting the helminth-derived immunomodulator, ES-62 and its small molecule analogues to dissect the mechanisms underpinning the development of the pathogenic phenotype of synovial fibroblasts in autoimmune arthritis] -- [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/8007/1/2016CorbetPhD.pdf PDF] (thesis)
* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27698735/ Parasitic infection as a potential therapeutic tool against rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5038179/ Full text] (review)
* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27596058 Do worms protect against the metabolic syndrome? A systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-8227(16)30437-5/fulltext Full text] [https://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-8227(16)30437-5/pdf PDF] (Diabetes)
* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27393379/ Schistosoma japonicum cystatin attenuates murine collagen-induced arthritis]
* 2016 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27666719 Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in evolutionary perspective: a critical role for helminths?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5101910/ Full text] | [https://emph.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/09/24/emph.eow028.full.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27649248/ Parasitic Nematode Immunomodulatory Strategies: Recent Advances and Perspectives] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5039438/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5039438/pdf/pathogens-05-00058.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27587063 Dendritic cells and parasites: from recognition and activation to immune response instruction]
* 2016 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27436048/ The Microbiota, Immunoregulation, and Mental Health: Implications for Public Health] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5763918/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5763918/pdf/nihms-804488.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579126/ Acute Strongyloides venezuelensis infection did not prevent EAE development: implications for hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.msptm.org/files/Vol33No3/526-534-Sartori-A.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2016 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27573628 Human Helminths and Allergic Disease: The Hygiene Hypothesis and Beyond]
* 2016 Aug 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27575495 Helminth Regulation of Immunity: A Three-pronged Approach to Treat Colitis] -- [https://tanawisa.com/publications/Helminth_Regulation_of_Immunity.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2016 Aug 25 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/6879 Identification of protective immune responses and the immunomodulatory capacity of Litomosoides sigmodontis] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2016 Aug 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27560829 The Helminth-Derived Immunomodulator AvCystatin Reduces Virus Enhanced Inflammation by Induction of Regulatory IL-10+ T Cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999285/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999285/pdf/pone.0161885.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Aug 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27648452/ Role of Macrophages in the Repair Process during the Tissue Migrating and Resident Helminth Infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014929/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014929/pdf/BMRI2016-8634603.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27559049 Downregulation of the Syk Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient To Induce Dendritic Cells That Inhibit Colitis]
* 2016 Aug 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27635405/ Schistosome-Derived Molecules as Modulating Actors of the Immune System and Promising Candidates to Treat Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5011209/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5011209/pdf/JIR2016-5267485.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27544668 Filarial Infection or Antigen Administration Improves Glucose Tolerance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice]
* 2016 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27578571/ Effect of Trichinella spiralis and its worm-derived proteins on CLP-induced sepsis in mice] (Chinese)
* 2016 Aug 12 [https://www.dovepress.com/experimental-human-hookworm-infection-therapeutic-potential-peer-reviewed-article-RIP Experimental human hookworm infection: therapeutic potential] -- [https://www.dovepress.com/experimental-human-hookworm-infection-therapeutic-potential-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RIP?utm_content=bufferc5704&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer Full text] | [https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=31876 PDF]
* 2016 Aug 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27489164/ Soluble egg antigens of Schistosoma japonicum induce senescence in activated hepatic stellate cells by activation of the STAT3/p53/p21 pathway]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27312706/ Recombinant Trichinella spiralis 53-kDa protein activates M2 macrophages and attenuates the LPS-induced damage of endotoxemia] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1753425916651984 Full text]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27563682 3 Effects of Invariant NKT Cells on Parasite Infections and Hygiene Hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4987483/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4987483/pdf/JIR2016-2395645.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27116368 Macrobiota - helminths as active participants and partners of the microbiota in host intestinal homeostasis]
* 2016 Jul 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27468691/ Egg antigen p40 of Schistosoma japonicum promotes senescence in activated hepatic stellate cells by activation of the STAT3/p53/p21 pathway]
* 2016 Jul 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27476889 Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010150/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010150/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jul 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27467385/ Cross-Reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni Antigens and the Latex Allergen Hev b 7: Putative Implication of Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCDs)]
* 2016 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27454771/ Schistosoma mansoni Tegument (Smteg) Induces IL-10 and Modulates Experimental Airway Inflammation]
* 2016 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27215921 Opening (and Swallowing) A Can of Worms to Treat My Crohn's Disease]
* 2016 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27354505/ Time to abandon the hygiene hypothesis: new perspectives on allergic disease, the human microbiome, infectious disease prevention and the role of targeted hygiene] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966430/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966430/pdf/10.1177_1757913916650225.pdf PDF]
* 2026 Jun 28 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/17936 Exploration of helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules as options for therapeutic intervention in allograft rejection and autoimmune disease] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/17936/Johnston2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2016 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27348757 Molecular events by which dendritic cells promote Th2 immune protection in helminth infection]
* 2016 Jun 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27344656 How the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta affects zinc and cadmium accumulation in a host fed a hyperaccumulating plant (Arabidopsis halleri)] (HDC)
* 2016 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27386040/ Particularities of allergy in the Tropics]
* 2016 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26908751 Maternal Helminth Infection Is Associated With Higher Infant Immunoglobulin A Titers to Antigen in Orally Administered Vaccines]
* 2016 Jun 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27297236 Intimate gut interactions: helminths and the microbiota]
* 2016 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27297184 Host parasite communications-Messages from helminths for the immune system]
* 2016 Jun 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27273006/ Th2 and eosinophil responses suppress inflammatory arthritis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4899615/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4899615/pdf/ncomms11596.pdf PDF] (comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27278123 Experimental arthritis: Helminth infection ameliorates arthritis] (No abstract))
* 2016 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27183598/ Myeloid-Restricted AMPKα1 Promotes Host Immunity and Protects against IL-12/23p40-Dependent Lung Injury during Hookworm Infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4875814/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4875814/pdf/nihms-773006.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27059010/ Testing small molecule analogues of the Acanthocheilonema viteae immunomodulator ES-62 against clinically relevant allergens]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27182771/ IBD LIVE Case Series-Case 4: Worms in IBD: Friend or Foe]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27413282/ Parasites and immunotherapy: with or against?]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27120716/ Regulation of metabolic health and adipose tissue function by group 2 innate lymphoid cells] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eji.201545562 Full text]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27403907 Hygienic hypothesis in immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease] (IBD)
* ✅ ⚡ 2016 May 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27240605 Practices and outcomes of self-treatment with helminths based on physicians' observations] -- [[media:Practices_and_outcomes_of_self-treatment_with_helminths_based_on_physicians_observations.pdf | PDF]]. The first study to probe, through the eyes of their physicians, the practices and experiences of those who are self-treating with helminths.
* 2016 May 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_11 Intestinal Parasites and Immunomodulation in Neuroinflammatory Disease] (chapter of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology) (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2016 May 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29469423/ Effect of excretory/secretory protein of Trichinella spiralis adult worm on CLP-induced sepsis in mice]
* 2016 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27234811 Helminths and Intestinal Flora Team Up to Improve Gut Health]
* 2016 May 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27194189 The relationship between helminth infections and low haemoglobin levels in Ethiopian children with blood type A]
* 2016 May 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27160906 Lymphotoxin-Dependent B Cell-FRC Crosstalk Promotes De Novo Follicle Formation and Antibody Production following Intestinal Helminth Infection] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(16)30436-3 Full text] | [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/pdf/S2211-1247(16)30436-3.pdf PDF]
* 2016 May 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27172808 Parasitic helminth infections and the control of human allergic and autoimmune disorders]
* 2016 May 5 [https://actu.epfl.ch/news/intestinal-worms-boost-immune-system-in-a-surprisi/ Intestinal worms boost immune system in a surprising way] -- Nik Papageorgiou, Mediacom
* 2016 May 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27120222/ Interaction Between Helminths and Toll-Like Receptors: Possibilities and Potentials for Asthma Therapy]
* 2016 May 1 [[media:Gut Buddies - Multispecies Studies and the Microbiome.pdf | Gut Buddies - Multispecies Studies and the Microbiome’]] (PDF) -- Jamie Lorimer, Duke University Press
* 2016 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26840774/ Novel T-cell epitopes on Schistosoma japonicum SjP40 protein and their preventive effect on allergic asthma in mice]
* 2016 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27062712/ Cellular gene expression induced by parasite antigens and allergens in neonates from parasite-infected mothers]
* 2016 May [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-29716-3_15 Microbes, Parasites and Immune Diseases] (Book chapter of Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine)
* 2016 May [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924977X15001935 Trichuris suis ova (TSO) as an immune-inflammatory treatment for repetitive behaviors in ASD] (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4)
* 2016 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27120222 Interaction between Helminths and Toll-Like Receptors: Possibilities and Potentials for Asthma Therapy]
* 2016 Apr 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27116368 Macrobiota - helminths as active participants and partners of the microbiota in host intestinal homeostasis]
* 2016 Apr 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27101372 Diplomatic Assistance: Can Helminth-Modulated Macrophages Act as Treatment for Inflammatory Disease?] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1005480 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/asset?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1005480.PDF PDF]
* 2016 Apr 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27095802 Treatment with Trichuris suis soluble products during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation reduces inflammatory responses through epigenetic remodeling] (TSO)
* ✅ 2016 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27080105 Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4905769/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4905769/pdf/nihms790698.pdf PDF](Science) (Also see this explanatory video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQd1RkgJGjM Worm infection counters intestinal inflammation by changing gut microbiome].)
* 2016 Apr 14 [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/parasitic-worms-may-prevent-crohn-s-disease-altering-bacterial-balance Parasitic worms may prevent Crohn’s disease by altering bacterial balance] -- Mitch Leslie, Science. (Also reported by Science Daily. [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160414145513.htm])
* 2016 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27058578 Comprehensive Transcriptome Meta-analysis to Characterize Host Immune Responses in Helminth Infections] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004624 Full text]
* 2016 Apr 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27062712 Cellular gene expression induced by parasite antigens and allergens in neonates from parasite-infected mothers]
* 2016 Apr 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27055194/ IL-22 Restrains Tapeworm-Mediated Protection against Experimental Colitis via Regulation of IL-25 Expression] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4824453/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4824453/pdf/ppat.1005481.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Apr-Juin [https://www.redalyc.org/journal/1805/180544647007/ Imunorregulação induzida por helmintos: uma atualização] -- [https://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-07932016000200007 Full text] (Spanish)
* 2016 Apr [https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(16)30111-4/fulltext Parasitic infections and allergies]
* 2016 Apr [https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0300054 Regulation of mucosal T cell responses by intestinal helminths and retinoic acid metabolism] (Thesis, British Columbia)
* 2016 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26618631/ Novel therapeutic compound tuftsin–phosphorylcholine attenuates collagen-induced arthritis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4778098/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4778098/pdf/CEI-184-019.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27069328/ Immuno-Modulatory Effect and Therapeutic Potential of Brugia malayi Cystatin in Experimentally Induced Arthritis]
* 2016 Apr [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309965511_Antiproliferative_activity_against_tumour_cells_of_biologically_active_substances_isolated_from_livers_of_healthy_and_Trichinella_Spiralis_infected_rats Antiproliferative activity against tumour cells of biologically active substances isolated from livers of healthy and Trichinella Spiralis infected rats]
* 2016 Mar 29 [https://ucrtoday.ucr.edu/36044 To Keep or Not to Keep a Hookworm] -- Iqbal Pittalwala, UCR Today
* 2016 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971312/ Schistosoma japonicum HSP60-derived peptide SJMHE1 suppresses delayed-type hypersensitivity in a murine model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4789290/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4789290/pdf/13071_2016_Article_1434.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Mar 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26965184 Immune-regulatory mechanisms of classical and experimental multiple sclerosis drugs: a special focus on helminth-derived treatments]
* 2016 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26898311/ Combination of worm antigen and proinsulin prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice after the onset of insulitis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1521661616300213?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2016 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26947981 Microbes and asthma: Opportunities for intervention]
* 2016 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27228627 Are Helminths to be Trusted as Allies in the War against Autoimmunity and Chronic Inflammation?] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/193/96901.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174763 The schistosome glutathione S-transferase P28GST, a unique helminth protein, prevents intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis through a Th2-type response with mucosal eosinophils] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801903/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801903/pdf/mi201562a.pdf PDF]
* 2016 (Mar?) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28008805 Eosinophils in Homeostasis and Their Contrasting Roles during Inflammation and Helminth Infections]
* 2016 Feb 19 [https://docta.ucm.es/entities/publication/9b7b2974-75aa-432f-86f8-fd33cac7c6d3 Hipótesis de la higiene: de la patogenia a la alternativa de salud] (Pharmacist thesis, Complutense de Madrid, Spanish)
* 2016 Feb 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26852392 Malaria, helminths, co-infection and anaemia in a cohort of children from Mutengene, south western Cameroon] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4744422/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4744422/pdf/12936_2016_Article_1111.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Feb [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(15)02620-2/fulltext A Recombinant Cystatin from Ascaris Lumbricoides Has Immunomodulatory Effects] (Conference)
* 2016 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26490658/ The helminth T2 RNase ω1 promotes metabolic homeostasis in an IL-33- and group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent mechanism] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4973506/ Full text]
* 2016 Feb [https://docta.ucm.es/entities/publication/034051cc-afbd-4ea9-916a-22354559fd73 Parásitos e inmunomodulación: Uso terapéutico de helmintos y derivados en enfermedades autoinmunes] (Pharmacist thesis, Complutense Madrid, Spanish)
* 2016 Jan 21 [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10601333.2016.1210159 Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships] | [[media:Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships.pdf | PDF]]
* 2016 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26673140 Helminth Products Protect against Autoimmunity via Innate Type 2 Cytokines IL-5 and IL-33, Which Promote Eosinophilia]
* 2016 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26816384 Transkingdom control of viral infection and immunity in the mammalian intestine] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4751997/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4751997/pdf/nihms757312.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26763929 The parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator, ES-62 and its drug-like small molecule analogues exhibit therapeutic potential in a model of chronic asthma] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725896/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725896/pdf/srep19224.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26752538 The Role of Helminth Infection and Environment in the Development of Allergy: A Prospective Study of Newly-Arrived Ethiopian Immigrants in Israel] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004208 Full text]
* 2016 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26728323 Therapeutic potential of recombinant cystatin from Schistosoma japonicum in TNBS-induced experimental colitis of mice] - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700642/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700642/pdf/13071_2015_Article_1288.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26345715 Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5019230/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5019230/pdf/PIM-38-5.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26577605 Mast cells: new therapeutic target in helminth immune modulation] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12295/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12295/epdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26650734 Sweet secrets of a therapeutic worm: mass-spectrometric N-glycomic analysis of Trichuris suis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712359/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712359/pdf/emss-66410.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26594012/ Impacts of neglected tropical disease on incidence and progression of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria: scientific links] -- [https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(15)00266-0/fulltext Full text]
* 2016 Jan [https://dgsa.uaeh.edu.mx:8080/jspui/handle/231104/5239 Seroprevalencia de áscaris lumbricoides en la población con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y un grupo de control del Hospital del Niño DIF, Hidalgo] -- [https://dgsa.uaeh.edu.mx:8080/jspui/bitstream/231104/5239/1/AT20504.pdf PDF] (spanish)
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26481486/ Trichinella spiralis infection changes immune response in mice performed abdominal heterotopic cardiac transplantation and prolongs cardiac allograft survival time]
* 2016 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27592717 Enteric Ecosystem Disruption in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can the Microbiota and Macrobiota be Restored?]
* 2016 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27088850 A Helminth Protease Inhibitor Modulates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Phenotype of Microglia in vitro]
* 2016 [https://stax.strath.ac.uk/concern/theses/m900nt49x The effect of small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory helminth product ES-62 on denritic cell responses] -- [https://stax.strath.ac.uk/downloads/cr56n1249?locale=en PDF] (thesis)
* 2016 [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4939-2911-5 The Th2 Type Immune Response in Health and Disease, From Host Defense and Allergy to Metabolic Homeostasis and Beyond] (book)
* 2016 [https://www.autism.org/helminths-as-a-cause-or-a-potential-treatment-for-autism/ Helminths as a Cause or a Potential Treatment for Autism?] (Autism Research Institute)
* 2016 [https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=72084 Helminth infections and autoimmunity]
* 2016 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480900 Role in Allergic Diseases of Immunological Cross-Reactivity between Allergens and Homologues of Parasite Proteins]
* 2016 [https://www.jsczz.cn/EN/Y2016/V34/I6/17 Effect of Helminthic Infection on the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Mechanisms] (Chinese)
* 2016 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/86817d68-d409-448a-a41d-b731f2af69c9 Modulación del desarrollo de la colitis experimental por antígenos excretados/secretados de taenia crassiceps] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2016 [https://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail?id=PeriodicalPaper_zgyszz201609002 Research progress on helminth therapy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease] (Chinese)

=== 2015 ===
* 2015 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26644379 Low-Dose Intestinal Trichuris muris Infection Alters the Lung Immune Microenvironment and Can Suppress Allergic Airway Inflammation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730564/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730564/pdf/zii491.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26571397 Helminth-induced arginase-1 exacerbates lung inflammation and disease severity in tuberculosis]
* 2015 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26207885/ Helminth therapy for organic diseases?]
* 2015 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434489/ Brugia malayi soluble and excretory-secretory proteins attenuate development of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12283 Full text]
* 2015 Nov 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26588776 Worming Their Way into the Picture: Microbiota Help Helminths Modulate Host Immunity]
* 2015 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26477048 Cohabitation in the Intestine: Interactions among Helminth Parasites, Bacterial Microbiota, and Host Immunity]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25836375/ Protective effect of small molecule analogues of the Acanthocheilonema viteae secreted product ES-62 on oxazolone-induced ear inflammation]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26604162 Can Helminth Infection Reverse Microbial Dysbiosis?]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26085597 Drug-like analogues of the parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator ES-62 are therapeutic in the MRL/Lpr model of systemic lupus erythematosus] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4616909/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4616909/pdf/10.1177_0961203315591031.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25728231/ Suppression of OVA-alum induced allergy by Heligmosomoides polygyrus products is MyD88-, TRIF-, regulatory T- and B cell-independent, but is associated with reduced innate lymphoid cell activation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6485390/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6485390/pdf/emss-79798.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25698173 Trichuris suis ova therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis is safe but without signals of beneficial effect] This study used a treatment period of only 12 weeks, which is inadequate when assessing the efficacy of helminths, and it also used a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26586763 Helminth infection, fecundity, and age of first pregnancy in women] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953513/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953513/pdf/nihms961168.pdf PDF] (Also see [[Helminthic therapy and fertility | '''Helminthic therapy and fertility''']].)
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26332354 Adoptive transfer of helminth antigen-pulsed dendritic cells protects against the development of experimental colitis in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eji.201545579 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eji.201545579 PDF] (HDC)
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26669016/ Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript 2 protein treatment attenuates experimentally-induced colitis in mice]
* 2015 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26522986 The Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Ability of Helminths to Modulate Allergic Inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4658337/ Full text] | [https://www.cell.com/immunity/pdf/S1074-7613(15)00397-0.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Oct 22 [https://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-A59MEC Efeito da infecção aguda por Strongyloides venezuelensis na evolução da colite experimentalmente induzida pela ingestão de Sulfato de Sódio Dextrano em camundongos BALB/c] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2015 Oct 20 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/6554 Filarial infection and filarial antigen administration promotes glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2015 Oct 20 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/6550 Immune modulation by experimental filarial infection and its impact on E. coli-induced sepsis] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2015 Oct 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25326880 Do We Need Worms to Promote Immune Health?]
* 2015 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26324775/ Ten Weeks of Infection with a Tissue-Invasive Helminth Protects against Local Immune Complex-Mediated Inflammation, but Not Cutaneous Type I Hypersensitivity, in Previously Sensitized Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4651003/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4651003/pdf/nihms-712898.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Oct [https://www.frontiersin.org/10.3389/conf.fimmu.2015.05.00295/event_abstract Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin induces specific IgE but not allergic response] (Conference)
* 2015 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26358507/ Brugia malayi cystatin therapeutically ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice]
* 2015 Sep 23 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/35756 Helminth infections, socio-economic status and allergies in Indonesia] (Thesis)
* 2015 Sep 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26381211 Experimental hookworm infection and escalating gluten challenges are associated with increased microbial richness in celiac subjects] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585380/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585380/pdf/srep13797.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Sep 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26377648 Type 2 immunity-dependent reduction of segmented filamentous bacteria in mice infected with the helminthic parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4574229/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4574229/pdf/40168_2015_Article_103.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Sep 10 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/35155 Immune modulation by schistosomes : mechanisms of T helper 2 polarization and implications for metabolic disorders] (Thesis)
* 2015 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26345715 The interaction of commensal intestinal bacteria with helminth parasites]
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26093162 Effect of different helminth extracts on the development of asthma in mice: The influence of early-life exposure and the role of IL-10 response]
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25007240/ Induction of ulcerative colitis in mice influences the course of infection with the nematode Trichuris muris]
* 2015 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26150661 Interactions between multiple helminths and the gut microbiota in wild rodents] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4528493/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4528493/pdf/rstb20140295.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Aug 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24732404/ Hygiene and other early childhood influences on the subsequent function of the immune system] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899314004818?via%3Dihub Full text] (Old friends)
* 2015 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26270819 Are Human Intestinal Eukaryotes Beneficial or Commensals?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536199/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536199/pdf/ppat.1005039.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Aug 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26248316 Asymptomatic Helminth Infection in Active Tuberculosis Is Associated with Increased Regulatory and Th-2 Responses and a Lower Sputum Smear Positivity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4527760/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4527760/pdf/pntd.0003994.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Aug 5 [https://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2015/08/tapeworms-may-be-good-your-brain Tapeworms may be good for your brain] Hanae Armitage, Science
* 2015 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26672230/ Inhibitory Effect of the Excretory/Scretory Proteins of Trichinella spiralis on Proliferation of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cell line] (Chinese)
* 2015 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26672222/ The Role of Adoptive Transfer of Immune Cells in Helminth- induced Regulation of Allergy and Autoimmune Diseases] (Chinese)
* 2015 Jul 27 [https://open.fau.de/items/17ace29d-8cde-4bb2-99f9-7e21a4a46dd4 Suppression of inflammatory arthritis by Th2 responses and eosinophil activation] (Thesis, Erlangen-Nürnberg)
* 2015 Jul 27 The hygiene hypothesis: current perspectives and future therapies -- [https://www.dovepress.com/the-hygiene-hypothesis-current-perspectives-and-future-therapies-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ITT Full text] has a PDF download link.
* 2015 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26205402 Trichuris suis induces human non-classical patrolling monocytes via the mannose receptor and PKC: implications for multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/pdf/40478_2015_Article_223.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2015 Jul 20 [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150720145207.htm Gut worms protect babies' brains from inflammation] Science Daily
* 2015 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26188364 Enteric nematodes and the path to up-regulation of type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13] (Includes mention of increased cell turnover to maintain an effective gut barrier in the presence of helminths.)
* 2015 Jul 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26162711 Got Worms? Perinatal Exposure to Helminths Prevents Persistent Immune Sensitization and Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Early-Life Infection] -- [https://laurenlwilliamson.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/williamson-et-al-2016-helminths.pdf pdf] (see also [https://sicb.org/the-old-friends-hypothesis-reopening-a-can-of-worms/ The “Old Friends” hypothesis: Reopening a can of worms])
* 2015 Jul 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26148848 Epigenetic Modulation of Microglial Inflammatory Gene Loci in Helminth-Induced Immune Suppression: Implications for Immune Regulation in Neurocysticercosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4552224/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4552224/pdf/10.1177_1759091415592126.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jul 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26150662 Suppression of inflammation by helminths: a role for the gut microbiota?] -- [https://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/370/1675/20140296 Full text] | [https://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/370/1675/20140296.full.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jul 3 [https://evmedreview.com/?p=2767%23_ENREF_4 Progress on reconstituting the depleted biome to prevent immune disorders] Parker and Morey, The Evolution and Medicine Review
* 2015 Jul 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26207885 Helminth therapy for organic diseases?]
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26380461 Of worms and men - administration of helminth products as an innovative approach to treatment of autoimmune diseases]
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26393130 Significance of Diagnosing Parasitic Infestation in Evaluation of Unexplained Eosinophilia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572961/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572961/pdf/jcdr-9-DC22.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=25852044 Chronic helminth infection and helminth-derived egg antigens promote adipose tissue M2 macrophages and improve insulin sensitivity in obese mice] (research highlight [https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2015.68 here])
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25809087 The potential long-term effect of previous schistosome infection reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome among Chinese men]
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26145982 The allergy epidemics: 1870-2010] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617537/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617537/pdf/nihms697397.pdf PDF] This historical analysis of the allergy epidemic highlights the role of helminth control as one of the explanations for the trends from 1870 to 2010.
* 2015 Jun 30 [https://docta.ucm.es/entities/publication/708489a3-28c7-474b-8d74-26b34b8cc5e2 Paradigma inmunológico en la fase intestinal de Trichinella spiralis] (Pharmacist thesis, Complutense de Madrid, Spanish)
* 2015 Jun 29 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/afbe7b0b-ad94-44ae-9b20-87c9f9a5cd11 Structure and function of the VAL family in Brugia malayi and Heligmosomoides polygyrus] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2015 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26139475 Atopy and Asthma in Migrants: The Function of Parasites]
* 2015 Jun 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26119261 Parasitic helminths and their beneficial impact on type 1 and type 2 diabetes]
* 2015 Jun 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26098783 Prevention of Type 1 diabetes through parasite infection]
* 2015 Jun 10 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20153201332 Adoptive transfer of CD8α-DCs from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and their inhibition of OVA-induced allergic asthma] (Chinese)
* 2015 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26061042 Infection with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Is Associated with Increased Insulin Sensitivity] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127746 Full text] | [https://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127746&representation=PDF PDF]
* 2015 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26142923 The gut microbiome in the helminth infected host]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25891136/ The platinum age of parasitology: harnessing the power of the parasite]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25716348/ Oral administration of dextran sodium sulphate induces a caecum-localized colitis in rabbits]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25600983 Clinical trials of helminth therapy in autoimmune diseases: rationale and findings]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25975491 Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with a synthetic analogue of a parasitic worm product prevents experimental arthritis and inhibits IL-1β production via NRF2-mediated counter-regulation of the inflammasome] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459730/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459730/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25763771/ Ligation of TLR7 on CD19(+) CD1d(hi) B cells suppresses allergic lung inflammation via regulatory T cells] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.201445211 Full text]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25819297/ Immuno-evasive tactics by schistosomes identify an effective allergy preventative]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25854639 Identifying the immunomodulatory components of helminths]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25869420 Helminths and the microbiota: parts of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428757/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428757/pdf/nihms684423.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26057788 The structure of hookworm platelet inhibitor (HPI), a CAP superfamily member from Ancylostoma caninum] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461323/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461323/pdf/f-71-00643.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25869527/ Looking beyond the induction of Th2 responses to explain immunomodulation by helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4425638/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4425638/pdf/nihms-684424.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jun [https://eprints.uanl.mx/9708/ Efecto de la administración de huevos de trichuris suis en la reparación del tejido intestinal y producción de citocinas en un modelo murino de colitis] (Master, Nuevo León, Spanish)
* 2015 May 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26114122/ Secretory Products of Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Immunomodulation: Implication for Autoimmune Diseases, Allergies, and Malignancies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4465845/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4465845/pdf/JIR2015-523875.pdf PDF]
* 2015 May 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25996526 Trichuris suis soluble products induce Rab7b expression and limit TLR4 responses in human dendritic cells] (TSO)
* 2015 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989836 Immune responses in children infected with the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis in central Greece]
* 2015 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26090422/ Extraintestinal Helminth Infection Limits Pathology and Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression during DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: A Role for Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Prostaglandins]
* 2015 May 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25991556 A worm of one's own: how helminths modulate host adipose tissue function and metabolism] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4567404/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4567404/pdf/nihms684209.pdf PDF]
* 2015 May 14 [https://ce.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=153&sid=1&slc_lang=en Application of helminths in the treatment of intestinal autoimmune diseases]
* 2015 May 11 [https://www.facebook.com/tanawisa/posts/746878402097165 Comments on TSO for Autism from a European Biomedical Center for Autism Research]
* 2015 May 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25403350 Not all parasites are protective] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12160/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12160/epdf PDF]
* 2015 May 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25956237 Approaches to studying and manipulating the enteric microbiome to improve autism symptoms] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425814/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425814/pdf/MEHD-26-26878.pdf PDF]
* 2015 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25942385 Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization with the helminth Hymenolepis dimunita] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615828/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615828/pdf/kgmi-06-03-1047128.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2015 May 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25938477 Chronic Trichuris muris Infection in C57BL/6 Mice Causes Significant Changes in Host Microbiota and Metabolome: Effects Reversed by Pathogen Clearance] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418675/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418675/pdf/pone.0125945.pdf PDF]
* 2015 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25864802/ Successful modulation of murine lupus nephritis with tuftsin-phosphorylcholine]
* 2015 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25766778/ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells and immunomodulation after Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen immunization in experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2015 Apr 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25917360/ Helminths improve insulin sensitivity and enhance M2 macrophage numbers in WAT of obese mice]
* 2015 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26155183/ Necrosis and apoptosis in Trichinella spiralis-mediated tumour reduction]
* 2015 Apr 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25941654 Type 1 diabetes pathogenesis - Prevention???] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413393/ Full text]
* ✅⚡2015 Apr 18 [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]] (PDF) This was the first study to probe the methods and outcomes reported by individuals self-treating with helminths.
* 2015 Apr 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26040054 Helminths and autoimmunity: the good, the bad and the ugly] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/142/71371.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25780044/ Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein inhibits TLR4 activation and suppresses the inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4390499/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4390499/pdf/nihms662872.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25879741 Unraveling the Hygiene Hypothesis of helminthes and autoimmunity: origins, pathophysiology, and clinical applications] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396177/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396177/pdf/12916_2015_Article_306.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25869420 Helminths and the microbiota: parts of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Png_Loke/publication/274965905_Helminths_and_the_microbiota_parts_of_the_hygiene_hypothesis/links/55898a6308ae9076016f9ad9.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr 8 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1939-4551-8-S1-A47 Response of human leukocytes after stimulation with excreted-secreted toxocara canis larval antigens] (Conference)
* 2015 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25853852 Increased Biodiversity in the Environment Improves the Humoral Response of Rats] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390306/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390306/pdf/pone.0120255.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Science Daily. [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150408145242.htm])
* 2015 Apr 6 The Hygiene Hypothesis - Redefine, Rename, or Just Clean It Up? -- [https://www.paediatrix.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/The-Hygiene-Hypothesis-Redefine-Rename-or-Just-Clean-It-Up.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Apr 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25867600/ Cultivation of Heligmosomoides polygyrus: an immunomodulatory nematode parasite and its secreted products] -- [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25867600/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4401400/pdf/jove-98-52412.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr-Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30023182/ Parasites-allergy paradox: Disease mediators or therapeutic modulators] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6014186/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6014186/pdf/JMAU-3-53.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25672417/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 inhibits cell invasion by decreasing uPA expression in NSCLC cells]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25683374/ Potential long-term effects of previous schistosome infection may reduce the atherogenic index of plasma in Chinese men]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25665856/ Biome depletion in conjunction with evolutionary mismatches could play a role in the etiology of neurofibromatosis 1]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25559209/ TLR2-dependent amelioration of allergic airway inflammation by parasitic nematode type II MIF in mice]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25546822 The parasitic worm product ES-62 targets myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent effector mechanisms to suppress antinuclear antibody production and proteinuria in MRL/lpr mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409857/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409857/pdf/art0067-1023.pdf PDF] (A worm-derived immunomodulator protects against kidney damage in lupus/SLE)
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25712154/ Exosome-transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy?]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25801883 From the worm to the pill, the parasitic worm product ES-62 raises new horizons in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://lup.sagepub.com/content/24/4-5/400.full Full text] | [https://lup.sagepub.com/content/24/4-5/400.full.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25683374 Potential long-term effects of previous schistosome infection may reduce the atherogenic index of plasma in Chinese men]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26040058/ Taenia solium in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: do parasites protect against autoimmune diseases] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/filesupload/imaj/0/142/71375.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25884706 Human helminth therapy to treat inflammatory disorders - where do we stand?] -- [https://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/16/12 Full text] | [https://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/s12865-015-0074-3.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25806513 Immune Antibodies and Helminth Products Drive CXCR2-Dependent Macrophage-Myofibroblast Crosstalk to Promote Intestinal Repair] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4373753/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4373753/pdf/ppat.1004778.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25888525 Helminth infections and type 2 diabetes: a cluster-randomized placebo controlled SUGARSPIN trial in Nangapanda, Flores, Indonesia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389675/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389675/pdf/12879_2015_Article_873.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25844068/ Crude extract of hydatid laminated layer from Echinococcus granulosus cyst attenuates mucosal intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in Dextran Sulfate Sodium induced colitis in mice]
* 2015 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25616617/ Immunomodulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis-derived excretory-secretory antigens] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-015-8626-4 Full text]
* 2015 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25624401 Epidemiological study of the association between malaria and helminth infections in Nigeria] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350553/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350553/pdf/tropmed-92-578.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25656764/ Does Strongyloides stercoralis infection protect against type 2 diabetes in humans? Evidence from Australian Aboriginal adults]
* 2015 Mar [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41261/ Investigating the immunomodulatory properties of hookworm excretory/secretory (ES) products] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41261/1/41261-ferreira-2015-thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis) (Colitis)
* 2015 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25666929 The immunomodulatory parasitic worm product ES-62 reduces lupus-associated accelerated atherosclerosis in a mouse model] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4355381/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4355381/pdf/nihms662074.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Spring. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25926937 The relationship between intestinal parasites and some immune-mediated intestinal conditions] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403024/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403024/pdf/GHFBB-8-123.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Feb 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26312872 A role for helminth parasites in achieving immunological tolerance in transplantation]
* 2015 Feb 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25741337/ Down Regulation of the TCR Complex CD3ζ-Chain on CD3+ T Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Helminth-Mediated Immune Modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4332365/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4332365/pdf/fimmu-06-00051.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25589067 A novel regulatory macrophage induced by a helminth molecule protects against mucosal inflammation and mitigates allergic airway inflammation and colitis in mice]
* 2015 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25589067 A novel regulatory macrophage induced by a helminth molecule instructs IL-10 in CD4+ T cells and protects against mucosal inflammation] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/4/1555.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/4/1555.full.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Feb 12 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/31852 Regulatory B cells in allergic asthma and schistosomiasis : controlling inflammation] (Thesis)
* 2015 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25527786 Intestinal helminths regulate lethal acute graft-versus-host disease and preserve the graft-versus-tumor effect in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297687/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297687/pdf/nihms644178.pdf PDF] (Helminths improve the outcome of bone marrow transplantation in mice)
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25547076 Helminthes and insects: maladies or therapies]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25248819 Experimental hookworm infection and gluten microchallenge promote tolerance in celiac disease] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(14)01010-0/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(14)01010-0/pdf PDF] (Also reported by EurekAlert [https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/jcu-aws092414.php] and ABC Austrailia. [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-25/hookworms-coeliac-disease-research/5768732])
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25174866 Worms as therapeutic agents for allergy and asthma: understanding why benefits in animal studies have not translated into clinical success] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749%2814%2900960-9/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(14)00960-9/pdf PDF]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399816/ AcCystatin, an immunoregulatory molecule from Angiostrongylus cantonensis, ameliorates the asthmatic response in an aluminium hydroxide/ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25459578 Potential Treatments for Food Allergy]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25449677 The mechanisms behind helminth's immunomodulation in autoimmunity]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25466586/ A parasitic helminth-derived peptide that targets the macrophage lysosome is a novel therapeutic option for autoimmune disease] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0171298514002332 Full text]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282399/ The unusual lipid binding proteins of parasitic helminths and their potential roles in parasitism and as therapeutic targets] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0952327814001410 Full text]
* 2015 Jan 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25634608 A model for the induction of autism in the ecosystem of the human body: the anatomy of a modern pandemic?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4310853/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4310853/pdf/MEHD-26-26253.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25611587 Chronic filarial infection provides protection against bacterial sepsis by functionally reprogramming macrophages] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303312/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303312/pdf/ppat.1004616.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jan 9 [https://immunologyamsterdam.org/portfolio/mechanisms-of-helminth-induced-immune-modulation-new-avenues-in-the-treatment-of-inflammatory-disorders/ Mechanisms of helminth-induced immune modulation: New avenues in the treatment of inflammatory disorders?] -- [https://research.vu.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/42143038/complete%20dissertation.pdf PDF] (Thesis)
* 2015 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25452561 Splenic B cells from Hymenolepis diminuta-infected mice ameliorate colitis independent of T cells and via cooperation with macrophages] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/1/364.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/194/1/364.full.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2015 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25404363/ Helminth infection alters IgE responses to allergens structurally related to parasite proteins] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4272869/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4272869/pdf/nihms638610.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25437821 Treatment with egg antigens of Schistosoma mansoni ameliorates experimental colitis in mice through a colonic T-cell-dependent mechanism]
* 2015 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25479760/ Phosphorylcholine-tuftsin compound prevents development of dextransulfate-sodium-salt induced murine colitis: implications for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2015 [https://www.zora.uzh.ch/entities/publication/98a485a9-d9f6-457c-a2d5-9180a791b633 Trichuris suis ova in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases] (Dissertation)
* 2015 Jan 26 [https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/8916 A transgenic probiotic bacterium as a carrier for a nematode immunomodulatory protein for the treatment of intestinal inflammation] (Thesis, Berlin)
::According to Detlev Goj (developer and manufacturer of TSO) "The article equates rabbits with humans, which is of course extremely questionable. We have been working almost exclusively with immunosuppressed patients for many years and have not had a single case of exacerbation. Most studies with TSO were conducted with immunosuppressed patients and almost all of our customers were immunosuppressed."
* 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26046559 Multiple sclerosis and environmental factors: the role of vitamin D, parasites, and Epstein-Barr virus infection]
* 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25942385 Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization with the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615828/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615828/pdf/kgmi-06-03-1047128.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2015 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279288756_Syphacia_muris_infection_delays_the_onset_of_hyperglycemia_in_WBNKob-Leprfa_rats_a_new_type_2_diabetes_mellitus_model Syphacia muris infection delays the onset of hyperglycemia in WBN/Kob-Leprfa rats, a new type 2 diabetes mellitus model]
* 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26098783/ Prevention of Type 1 diabetes through parasite infection] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.2217/imt.15.34 Full text]
* 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25553796/ Helminth-induced IgE and protection against allergic disorders]
* 2015 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22936-2_2 Parasites: An Own World of Cross Reactions with Their Hosts] (Book chapter of "Host Manipulations by Parasites and Viruses")
* 2015 [https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S2340-98942015000200001&script=sci_arttext Autoimmune diseases, treatment with Trichuris suis and some other helminths]

=== 2014 ===
* 2014 Dec 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25531674/ CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ cells in cord blood of neonates born from filaria infected mother are negatively associated with CD4+Tbet+ and CD4+RORγt+ T cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4273973/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4273973/pdf/pone.0114630.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Dec 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25522145/ Parasitic nematode-induced CD4+Foxp3+T cells can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4270642/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4270642/pdf/pntd.0003410.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25194862/ The potential long-term effect of previous schistosome infection may reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases] -- [https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(14)01675-1/abstract Full text]
* 2014 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25472634 Helminth Therapy for MS] (multiple sclerosis)
* 2014 Dec 1 [https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article-abstract/20/suppl_1/S107/4582406?redirectedFrom=fulltext Trichuris Infection Induces Local Tgfb1 Driven Regulatory Pathways to Drive Mucosal Healing and Repair] (Conference)
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25138640/ Microorganism-induced suppression of allergic airway disease: novel therapies on the horizon?]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25099746/ CD8α¯ DC is the major DC subset which mediates inhibition of allergic responses by Schistosoma infection]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24957876/ Parasites alter the pathological phenotype of lupus nephritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266101/ Full text]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25107936/ Absence of filarial infection in patients of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in filarial endemic area: a possible protective role] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0961203314546019 Full text] | [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/0961203314546019 PDF]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24975567 Reduced asthma morbidity in endemic areas for helminth infections: a longitudinal ecological study in Brazil]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25441298 In utero priming by worms protects against respiratory allergies]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25554978 The emerging role of helminths in treatment of the inflammatory bowel disorders] -- [https://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/12_14/pdf/741_12_14_article.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25042744 Maternal immune response to helminth infection during pregnancy determines offspring susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation]
* 2014 Winter [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25436093 Potential treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a review of helminths therapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017549/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017549/pdf/GHFBB-7-009.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2014 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25409540/ Echinococcus granulosus infection reduces airway inflammation of mice likely through enhancing IL-10 and down-regulation of IL-5 and IL-17A]
* 2014 Nov 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25410903/ Effects of helminth co-infections on atopy, asthma and cytokine production in children living in a poor urban area in Latin America] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4289379/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4289379/pdf/13104_2014_Article_3423.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Nov 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25398130/ S. mansoni bolsters anti-viral immunity in the murine respiratory tract] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/25398130/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4232382/pdf/pone.0112469.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Nov 11 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/29659 Innate, adaptive and regulatory immune responses in human schistosomiasis in Gabon] (Thesis)
* 2014 Nov 11 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/29660 Helminth infections and allergies in Ghana] (Thesis)
* 2014 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25375117 Coincident helminth infection modulates systemic inflammation and immune activation in active pulmonary tuberculosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222842/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222842/pdf/pntd.0003289.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24795483 Impact of experimental hookworm infection on the human gut microbiota] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195438/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195438/pdf/jiu256.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Nov-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25626657/ Association between allergic responses and Schistosoma mansoni infection in residents in a low-endemic setting in Brazil]
* 2014 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25069662?dopt=Abstract Therapeutic potential of larval excretory/secretory proteins of the pig whipworm Trichuris suis in allergic disease] (TSO)
* 2014 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24981042 Helminth therapy or elimination: epidemiological, immunological, and clinical considerations]
* 2014 Oct 27 [https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01207891v1 Efficacité thérapeutique du composé phosphorylcholine-tuftsin dans un modèle murin de lupus] -- [https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01207891v1/file/2014NICEM105.pdf PDF] (Thesis, in french)
* 2014 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25368615 Priming dendritic cells for th2 polarization: lessons learned from helminths and implications for metabolic disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202775/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202775/pdf/fimmu-05-00499.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24782451 Suppression of basophil histamine release and other IgE-dependent responses in childhood Schistosoma mansoni/hookworm coinfection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176447/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176447/pdf/jiu234.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Oct 15 [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(14)00465-2/abstract Effects of soluble helminth components on human monocytes and macrophages in neuroinflammation] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2014 Oct 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25313594/ Worm proteins of Schistosoma mansoni reduce the severity of experimental chronic colitis in mice by suppressing colonic proinflammatory immune responses] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4196959/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4196959/pdf/pone.0110002.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25240019 Helminth infections decrease host susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4244645/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4244645/pdf/nihms616872.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25438450/ Treating Inflammatory Bowel disease: from Helminths to ova] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/95/47594.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2014 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25269941/ Parasites, probiotics, and piglets: a novel approach to IBD]
* 2014 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25008860/ The helminth Trichuris suis suppresses TLR4-induced inflammatory responses in human macrophages] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/gene201438 Full txt]
* 2014 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25281198 Allergy and worms: let's bring back old friends?]
* 2014 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25210876/ Co-infection of long-term carriers of Plasmodium falciparum with Schistosoma haematobium enhances protection from febrile malaria: a prospective cohort study in Mali]
* 2014 Sep 8 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pim.12102 Helminths in the lungs]
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24901211 The microbiota and helminths: sharing the same niche in the human host]
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25201407 Mucosal immune responses following intestinal nematode infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312905/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312905/pdf/pim0036-0439.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24891519 Kv1.3 channel-blocking immunomodulatory peptides from parasitic worms: implications for autoimmune diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139903/ Full text] | [https://www.fasebj.org/content/28/9/3952.full.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}Kv1.3-selective blockers also ameliorate disease in rodent models of DTH, MS, RA, type-1 diabetes mellitus, contact dermatitis, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, psoriasis, chronic asthma, and inflammatory bone resorption due to periodontitis{{Quote|/indent}}
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24496315 Blockade of IL-33 release and suppression of type 2 innate lymphoid cell responses by helminth secreted products in airway allergy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016792/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016792/pdf/mi2013123a.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24951170/ Immunomodulation of liver injury by Ascaris suum extract in an experimental model of autoimmune hepatitis]
* 2014 Aug 28 Parasitic infection and immunomodulation: A possible explanation for the hygiene hypothesis in autoimmune and allergic disease -- [https://www.slideshare.net/Apollo_Hospitals/final-8-38449965 Full text]
* 2014 Aug 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25161287 The "hygiene hypothesis" for allergic disease is a misnomer] (No abstract)
* 2014 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25210492 Extraintestinal helminth infection reduces the development of colitis-associated tumorigenesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159685/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159685/pdf/ijbsv10p0948.pdf PDF] (IBD) (Cancer)
* 2014 Aug 9 [https://commons.pacificu.edu/work/sc/291b2752-aaee-4f36-97ad-f45a6d0969a8 The Efficacy and Safety of Trichuris suis Helminth Therapy in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (Capstone)
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24929132/ Small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory parasitic helminth product ES-62 have anti-allergy properties]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25171741 Maternal hookworm modifies risk factors for childhood eczema: results from a birth cohort in Uganda] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312885/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312885/pdf/pai0025-0481.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Aug [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265020201_Anti-autoimmune_effect_of_the_parasites_the_microbial_immunomodulation Anti-autoimmune effect of the parasites: the microbial immunomodulation]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24471654 Pregnancy and helminth infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260141/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260141/pdf/pim0036-0328.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25033775 (Self-) infections with parasites: re-interpretations for the present] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263892316_Self-_infections_with_parasites_Re-interpretations_for_the_present Full text]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24603369/ Of worms, mice and man: an overview of experimental and clinical helminth-based therapy for inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25124899/ Recombinant Trichinella spiralis-53000 protein alleviates liver damage due to lipopolysaccharides via M2 macrophage activation] (Chinese)
* 2014 Jul 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25082704/ Virus-helminth co-infection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immuno-modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4548887/ Full text] (Science)
* 2014 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25133189/ Harnessing the helminth secretome for therapeutic immunomodulators] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123613/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123613/pdf/BMRI2014-964350.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24992724 Helminth infections, type-2 immune response, and metabolic syndrome] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081794/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081794/pdf/ppat.1004140.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24266364/ Role of pathogens in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4369909/ Full text]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24666108 Lessons from helminth infections: ES-62 highlights new interventional approaches in rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089150/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089150/pdf/cei0177-0013.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24641664/ Schistosome infection is negatively associated with mite atopy, but not wheeze and asthma in Ghanaian schoolchildren]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24736234 Systemic impact of intestinal helminth infections] -- [https://www.nature.com/mi/journal/v7/n4/pdf/mi201423a.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24749722 Helminths in the hygiene hypothesis: sooner or later?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089153/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089153/pdf/cei0177-0038.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24401109 Microbial 'old friends', immunoregulation and socioeconomic status] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089149/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089149/pdf/cei0177-0001.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24704440 Secretory products of helminth parasites as immunomodulators]
* 2014 Jun 10 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/62510 Využití helmintů v terapii autoimunitních onemocnění] / Helminths as a therapeutic tool for autoimmune diseases (Czech, Bachelor thesis)
* 2014 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24497523 ES-62 protects against collagen-induced arthritis by resetting interleukin-22 toward resolution of inflammation in the joints] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737104/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737104/pdf/ART-66-1492.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24744099 Helminth/Parasite treatment of multiple sclerosis]
* 2014 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24997041 Microbiota, immunoregulatory old friends and psychiatric disorders]
* 2014 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23402295/ Interactions between Trichinella spiralis infection and induced colitis in mice]
* 2014 May 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24851867 Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031128/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031128/pdf/pntd.0002880.pdf PDF]
* 2014 May 8 [https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=geography_etds The human–hookworm assemblage: contingency and the practice of helminthic therapy] Sophia Ann Strosberg, PhD thesis
* 2014 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24788117/ Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4008629/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4008629/pdf/pone.0096454.pdf PDF]
* 2014 May 1 [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/192/Supplement_1/118.22/7992599?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Chronic helminth infection protects mice from type III hypersensitivity (HYP6P.277)]
* 2014 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24763541/ Immunomodulation in human and experimental arthritis: including vitamin D, helminths and heat-shock proteins] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0961203314527369 Full text]
* 2014 May [https://www.proquest.com/openview/110fc1d2cc77310be6a66662dd84e0f6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 Parasitic immune regulation in suppressing the Th2-driven allergic inflammation of refractory asthma] (Master)
* 2014 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24712468 Induction of regulatory cells by helminth parasites: exploitation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases]
* 2014 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24325393 Parasitic worms and allergies in childhood: insights from population studies 2008-2013]
* 2014 Apr 29 [https://www.neurology.org/content/82/10_Supplement/P3.149 Clinical Trial of Helminth-induced Immunomodulatory Therapy (HINT 2) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.149)] (TSO). This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable. NB. The phase 1 (HINT1) trial using TSO at pH 2.4 was successfull: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21372112/ Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/pdf/nihms536054.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24955158/ Immunoregulation effect of crude extract of C. elegans on allergic asthma]
* 2014 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24513446/ Helminth co-infection in Helicobacter pylori infected INS-GAS mice attenuates gastric premalignant lesions of epithelial dysplasia and glandular atrophy and preserves colonization resistance of the stomach to lower bowel microbiota] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4030519/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4030519/pdf/nihms566479.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24670210/ Parasite densities modulate susceptibility of mice to cerebral malaria during co-infection with Schistosoma japonicum and Plasmodium berghei] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3986926/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3986926/pdf/1475-2875-13-116.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Mar 17 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2045-7022-4-S2-P61 Induction of Treg and alternatively activated macrophages by the helminth Echinococcus granulosus: implication in the promotion or control of allergic disease?]
* 2014 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24508803/ Identification of anti-allergic effect of Clonorchis sinensis-derived protein venom allergen-like proteins (CsVAL)]
* 2014 Mar-Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24671112/ ES-62, a therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent evolved by the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae]
* 2014 Mar [https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=43790 Intestinal Helminthic Infection Increases Serum Levels of IL-2 and Decreases Serum TGF-Beta Levels in Nigerian Asthmatic Patients]
* 2014 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24487000/ Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens induce apoptosis and inhibit activation of hepatic stellate cells: a possible molecular mechanism]
* 2014 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24708419/ Protection against collagen-induced arthritis in mice afforded by the parasitic worm product, ES-62, is associated with restoration of the levels of interleukin-10-producing B cells and reduced plasma cell infiltration of the joints]
* 2014 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24441737 Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978129/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978129/pdf/nihms-551116.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2014 Mar [https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=43790 Intestinal Helminthic Infection Increases Serum Levels of IL-2 and Decreases Serum TGF-Beta Levels in Nigerian Asthmatic Patients] -- [https://file.scirp.org/Html/1-1410098_43790.htm Full text] | [https://file.scirp.org/pdf/OJI_2014031415322712.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24592267 Helminth Allergens, Parasite-Specific IgE, and Its Protective Role in Human Immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924148/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924148/pdf/fimmu-05-00061.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24355423 A multimodal Darwinian strategy for alleviating the atherosclerosis pandemic]
* 2014 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24822357/ Effect of Schistosoma japonicum infection on serum lipid status in mice] (Chinese)
* 2014 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24323515/ Coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium: additional evidence of the protective effect of Schistosomiasis on malaria in Senegalese children]
* 2014 Jan 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24471448/ Interplay of infections, autoimmunity, and immunosuppression in systemic lupus erythematosus]
* 2014 Jan 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24025322/ Helminths and Immunological Tolerance] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3940291/ Full txt] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3940291/pdf/tp-97-127.pdf PDF] (transplant)
* 2014 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24465430/ Role of macrophages in the altered epithelial function during a type 2 immune response induced by enteric nematode infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3900397/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3900397/pdf/pone.0084763.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jan 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24466007 Secreted proteins from the helminth Fasciola hepatica inhibit the initiation of autoreactive T cell responses and prevent diabetes in the NOD mouse] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897667/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897667/pdf/pone.0086289.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24442917 Helminth therapy (worms) for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009400.pub2/full Full text] | [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009400.pub2/epdf/full PDF] (IBD)
* 2014 Jan 4 [https://sajeb.org/index.php/sajeb/article/view/148 Protective role of parasites against the autoimmune diseases: a benefit of being host]
* 2014 Jan 1 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7091-1782-8_16 Can the Study of Helminths Be Fruitful for Human Diseases?] (book chapter from Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health)
* 2014 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25654942/ Of poops and parasites: unethical FDA overregulation] | [[media:Of Poops and Parasites.pdf | PDF]]
* 2014 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268223916_Immune_responses_induced_by_parasitic_worms Immune responses induced by parasitic worms] (Book chapter of Microbial Pathogenesis: Infection and Immunity)
* 2014 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24043262 Reprogramming macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by helminth antigens reduces murine atherosclerosis] -- [https://www.fasebj.org/content/28/1/288.long Full text] | [https://www.fasebj.org/content/28/1/288.full.pdf PDF]
* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25015286/ Regulatory B cells, helminths, and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-1161-5_18 Full text] (Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology)
* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26594650/ The parasitic worm product ES-62 up-regulates IL-22 production by γδ T cells in the murine model of Collagen-Induced Arthritis]
* 2014 [https://www.benthamdirect.com/content/books/9781608059850 Immunity to Helminths and Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Immune Response to Parasitic Infections, Volume 2] (Book) (see [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=RKZeDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=related:cCuDkmQonfEJ:scholar.google.com/&ots=bp66xAWqKl&sig=XftBm5NqhpOXSyjn-WaiEuBWAR4#v=onepage&q&f=false Google book])
* 2014 [https://www.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6855 Immunomodulation by Parasitic Helminths and its Therapeutic Exploitation] (Book chapter of Immunity to Helminths and Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Immune Response to Parasitic Infections)
* 2014 [https://www.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6856 Parasites-Based Immunotherapy to Treat Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases] (Book chapter of Immunity to Helminths and Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Immune Response to Parasitic Infections)
* 2014 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20143190502 Helminthic therapy in Crohn's disease: a review]
* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25531355/ Trichuris suis ova, lecithin and other fancy molecules]
* 2014 [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/html/tr/AD1012825/ The Use of Filariae as a Therapeutic Agent for Hypersensitivity Diseases] (Thesis, USU Bethesda)
* 2014 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/57dc729c-ff0f-4148-be6d-cdfc09753d41 Estudio de la permeabilidad de la barrera hematoencefálica en un modelo murino de infección con taenia crassiceps] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

=== 2013 ===
* 2013 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228757/ Designing anti-inflammatory drugs from parasitic worms: a synthetic small molecule analogue of the Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 prevents development of collagen-induced arthritis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/24228757/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4125414/pdf/jm401251p.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24351232 Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) in multiple sclerosis patients with Trichuris suis ova therapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/pdf/parasite-20-55.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2013 Dec 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24249111/ IL-9-mediated survival of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes damage control in helminth-induced lung inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3865473/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3865473/pdf/JEM_20130071.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Nov 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24246995/ Trichuris suis ova in inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2013 Dec 12 [https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2013/12/12/596603/10061345/en/Coronado-Biosciences-Announces-Presentation-of-Interim-Data-From-Autism-Study-at-Neuropsychopharmacology-Meeting.html Presentation of Interim Data From Autism Study at Neuropsychopharmacology Meeting]
* 2013 Nov 27 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20133399036 The inhibitory effect of dendritic cell subsets from mice immunized with the soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum on asthma and levels of CCL-11 and IL-13Ra2 expression] (Chinese)
* 2013 Nov 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24154724 Regulation of the immune system by biodiversity from the natural environment: an ecosystem service essential to health] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831972/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831972/pdf/pnas.201313731.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23929557 Helminths and their implication in sepsis - a new branch of their immunomodulatory behaviour?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285315/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285315/pdf/fim0069-0127.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23907435/ Helminth-excreted/secreted products are recognized by multiple receptors on DCs to block the TLR response and bias Th2 polarization in a cRAF dependent pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3804751/ Full text]
* 2013 Nov [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12467-013-0151-2 Protective effect of chronic helminth infection against diet-induced obesity]
* 2013 Oct 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24167594/ Colitis promotes adaptation of an intestinal nematode: a Heligmosomoides polygyrus mouse model system] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3805612/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3805612/pdf/pone.0078034.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Oct 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24205223/ Antagonism of CD11b with neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF) inhibits vascular lesions in diabetic retinopathy]
* 2013 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24101918/ Helminth defence molecules-immunomodulators designed by parasites!] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3787197/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3787197/pdf/fmicb-04-00296.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23975865 Parasite infections in multiple sclerosis modulate immune responses through a retinoic acid-dependent pathway] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.full.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23325330 The hygiene theory harnessing helminths and their ova to treat autoimmunity]
* 2013 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23968688 Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection reduces severity of type 1 diabetes induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin in mice via STAT6- and IL-10-independent mechanisms]
* 2013 Sep 26 [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1161033 Immunosuppressive and transgenerational effects on the development of allergic airway inflammation during Schistosoma mansoni infection] (Thesis, Munich)
* 2013 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24034228/ Pre-existing Schistosoma japonicum infection alters the immune response to Plasmodium berghei infection in C57BL/6 mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3848616/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3848616/pdf/1475-2875-12-322.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23499484/ Trichinella spiralis infection reduces tumor growth and metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma cells]
* 2013 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23763976/ Peanut-specific IgE antibodies in asymptomatic Ghanaian children possibly caused by carbohydrate determinant cross-reactivity]
* 2013 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23792298 Chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection attenuates atherosclerosis – an autopsy study]
* 2013 Sep [https://journals.ekb.eg/article_17387.html Impact of Treatment of Intestinal Parasites on the Activity of Ulcerative Colitis]
* 2013 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23985691 Effect of nematode Trichinella infection on glucose tolerance and status of macrophage in obese mice] -- [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/60/11/60_EJ13-0312/_pdf PDF]
* 2013 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23986108 Antagonism between two intestinal parasites in humans: the importance of co-infection for infection risk and recovery dynamics] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768312/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768312/pdf/rspb20131671.pdf PDF] (media coverage : [https://news.ucsb.edu/2013/013611/dueling-infections-one-keeps-other-bay-say-ucsb-anthropologists Dueling Infections: One Keeps the Other at Bay, Say UCSB Anthropologists])
* 2013 Aug 20 Parasitic Helminths: A Useful Resource for Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease Therapy -- [https://www.omicsonline.org/parasitic-helminths-a-useful-resource-for-inflammatory-and-autoimmune-disease-therapy-1948-593X.1000084.php?aid=16479 Full text] | [https://www.omicsonline.org/parasitic-helminths-a-useful-resource-for-inflammatory-and-autoimmune-disease-therapy-1948-593X.1000084.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23851695/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection activates colonic Foxp3+ T cells enhancing their capacity to prevent colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3790665/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3790665/pdf/nihms497632.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23967364 Schistosoma mansoni-mediated suppression of allergic airway inflammation requires patency and Foxp3+ Treg cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744427/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744427/pdf/pntd.0002379.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23730956 Randomised clinical trial: the safety and tolerability of Trichuris suis ova in patients with Crohn's disease] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.12366/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.12366/epdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2013 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23826921/ Impact of Worms and their Products on Eosinophils and Neutrophils in Experimental Asthma]
* 2013 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23827958 Type 2 immunity and wound healing: evolutionary refinement of adaptive immunity by helminths] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789590/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789590/pdf/nihms516840.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jul 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23875042/ Cathelicidin-like helminth defence molecules (HDMs): absence of cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-protozoan activities imply a specific adaptation to immune modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3708846/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3708846/pdf/pntd.0002307.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jul 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23844022/ Oesophagostomum dentatum extract modulates T cell-dependent immune responses to bystander antigens and prevents the development of allergy in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3699627/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3699627/pdf/pone.0067544.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23597946 Possible use of Trichuris suis ova in autism spectrum disorders therapy] (TSO)
* 2013 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23899237/ Trichinella spiralis immunomodulation: an interactive multifactorial process]
* 2013 Jun 27 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/9781845937591.0144 Modulation of autoimmune and allergic responses by defined nematode molecules] (Book chapter of "Parasitic nematodes: molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology")
* 2013 Jun 27 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/book/10.1079/9781845937591.0000 Parasitic nematodes: molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology] (Book)
* 2013 Jun 13 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20945 Helminth infections on Flores Island, Indonesia : associations with communicable and non-communicable diseases] (Thesis)
* 2013 Jun 12 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20955 Development of immune responses in early life : a longitudinal study in Indonesia] (Thesis)
* 2013 Jun 11 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20942 Immune regulation during parasitic infections : from bench to field] (Thesis)
* 2013 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23536438/ Infection and cancer: revaluation of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/19/11/2834/201438/Infection-and-Cancer-Revaluation-of-the-Hygiene Full text]
* 2013 Jun [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/6faf0e20-9040-4e46-9d89-1fedfda79e0f Inmunomodulación por el cestodo taenia crassiceps : impacto en la artritis reumatoide experimental] (Master, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23273955 Coassociations between IL10 polymorphisms, IL-10 production, helminth infection, and asthma/ wheeze in an urban tropical population in Brazil]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23859409/ Non-encapsulated Trichinella spp., T. papuae, diminishes severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23307236/ Application of dendritic cells stimulated with Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00430-012-0286-6 Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23545299 Hookworm excretory/secretory products induce interleukin-4 (IL-4)+ IL-10+ CD4+ T cell responses and suppress pathology in a mouse model of colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676036/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676036/pdf/zii2104.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23509143 Parasitic nematode-induced modulation of body weight and associated metabolic dysfunction in mouse models of obesity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676010/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676010/pdf/zii1905.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23583716/ Murine autoimmune arthritis is exaggerated by infection with the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta] (HDC)
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23465465/ Vaccine against autoimmune disease: can helminths or their products provide a therapy?] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0952791513000277 Ful text]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23523576 Previous contact with Strongyloides venezuelensis contributed to prevent insulitis in MLD-STZ diabetes] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014489413000775 Full text] (includes a PDF download link)
* 2013 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23433602/ An anti-tumor protein produced by Trichinella spiralis induces apoptosis in human hepatoma H7402 cells]
* 2013 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23433604/ Modulation of inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model following infection with Trichinella spiralis]
* 2013 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/190/Supplement_1/134.14/8000269?login=false The inhibition of allergic airway inflammation by regulatory T cells induced with Trichinella spiralis infection]
* 2013 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23400937/ Rheumatoid arthritis patients are free of filarial infection in an area where filariasis is endemic: comment on the article by Pineda et al]
* 2013 Apr 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23782752 Trichuris suis ova in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome (TRIOMS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/ Full text] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/pdf/1745-6215-14-112.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2013 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23340445/ A shift to Th2 immune response caused by constitutive expression of IPSE/alpha-1 in transfected pig fibroblasts in mice]
* 2013 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23566643 The development of TH2 responses from infancy to 4 years of age and atopic sensitization in areas endemic for helminth infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3635885/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3635885/pdf/1710-1492-9-13.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23683364/ Allergic diseases and helminth infections]
* 2013 Mar 25 [https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/272409 Immunoregulation by Trichinella spiralis: Benefits for parasite and host] (Thesis)
* 2013 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23420878/ Innate lymphoid type 2 cells sustain visceral adipose tissue eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3600903/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3600903/pdf/JEM_20121964.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23358506/ Autoimmunity: Will worms cure rheumatoid arthritis?]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23319265/ A recombined protein (rSj16) derived from Schistosoma japonicum induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of murine myeloid leukemia cells]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291459/ Helminth therapies: Translating the unknown unknowns to known knowns] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003189?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227936/ Immunomodulatory effects of helminths and protozoa in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12023 Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23298637 Helminth therapy and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003153 Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23410735/ Special issue: translatability of helminth therapy]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220126/ Fasciola hepatica: the therapeutic potential of a worm secretome] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003050?via%3Dihub Full text] | [https://core.ac.uk/reader/10080317?utm_source=linkout PDF]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220043/ Trichuris suis-induced modulation of human dendritic cell function is glycan-mediated] -- [https://tanawisa.com/downloads/Trichuris_suis-induced_modulation_of_human_dendritic_cell_function_is_glycan-mediated.pdf Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23178750 A role for IL-22 in the relationship between intestinal helminths, gut microbiota and mucosal immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955947/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955947/pdf/nihms423088.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291460 Changed gluten immunity in celiac disease by Necator americanus provides new insights into autoimmunity] (NA)
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291461 The helminth product, ES-62, protects against airway inflammation by resetting the Th cell phenotype] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584281/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584281/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23174104 A nematode immunomodulator suppresses grass pollen-specific allergic responses by controlling excessive Th2 inflammation]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23380935 Childhood helminth exposure is protective against inflammatory bowel disease: a case control study in South Africa] (IBD)
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22806101 Prevention of type 1 diabetes through infection with an intestinal nematode parasite requires IL-10 in the absence of a Th2-type response]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291464 Helminth mediated modulation of Type 1 diabetes (T1D)]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291462/ Prerequisites for the pharmaceutical industry to develop and commercialise helminths and helminth-derived product therapy] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003190 Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291463/ Immunomodulation by helminth parasites: defining mechanisms and mediators] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003165 Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23178819/ Translatability of helminth therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683647/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683647/pdf/nihms423391.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Feb 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23429492/ Chronic schistosome infection leads to modulation of granuloma formation and systemic immune suppression] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3576626/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3576626/pdf/fimmu-04-00039.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25436882/ Immune evasion, immunopathology and the regulation of the immune system]
* 2013 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23476739/ Allergy and parasites]
* 2013 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23275524 Association of previous schistosome infection with diabetes and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in rural China]
* 2013 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23453173/ Maintaining health by balancing microbial exposure and prevention of infection: the hygiene hypothesis versus the hypothesis of early immune challenge]
* 2013 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23254300/ Nematode asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase resolves intestinal inflammation in mice with T-cell transfer colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3571265/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3571265/pdf/zcd276.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jan 11 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/476c418c-3aaf-4b94-8d6c-3cd18142324a Impact of helminths and helminth products on immune responses] (Thesis, Berlin)
* ✅ 2013 Jan 10 [[media:Patients_self-treat_with_parasitic_worms_-_Flowers_et_al.pdf | Patients self-treat with parasitic worms.]] In this letter to the journal, Nature, two researchers called on the scientific community to adopt a different approach to helminth therapeutics that would recognise and utilise the insights and evidence being gained by patients self-treating with helminths.
* 2013 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23365718/ Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases-Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3556843/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3556843/pdf/JPR2013-329438.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jan 8 [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130108112451.htm Parasitic worms may help treat diseases associated with obesity Science Daily]
* 2013 Jan 1 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6585-6_7 Helminth Therapy] (book chapter of Biotherapy - History, Principles and Practice)
* 2013 Jan-Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23406942 Evolutionary immune response to conserved domains in parasites and aeroallergens]
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23278881/ Effects of geohelminth infection and age on the associations between allergen-specific IgE, skin test reactivity and wheeze: a case-control study] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3563216/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3563216/pdf/cea0043-0060.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277021/ Cell apoptosis induced by hookworm antigens: a strategy of immunomodulation]
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23302848 Autoimmune disease: Patients self-treat with parasitic worms] (Comment on [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23135449 Autoimmunity: The worm returns].)
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24481186 Microbial 'Old Friends', immunoregulation and stress resilience] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868387/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868387/pdf/eot004.pdf PDF]
* ⚡ 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24481190 Evolutionary biology and anthropology suggest biome reconstitution as a necessary approach toward dealing with immune disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868394/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868394/pdf/eot008.pdf PDF] This paper explains how the modern pandemics of autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic disease are due to the loss of species, especially helminths, from the human ecosystem.
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23278885 Protection against allergic airway inflammation during the chronic and acute phases of Trichinella spiralis infection]
* 2013 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23365679 Relationship between carotid intima media thickness and helminth infections on Flores Island, Indonesia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554693/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554693/pdf/pone.0054855.pdf PDF] (atherosclerosis / cholesterol)
* 2013 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23637593 Immune regulation during helminth infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3630086/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3630086/pdf/ppat.1003250.pdf PDF]
* 2013 [https://pen.ius.edu.ba/index.php/pen/article/view/4 Helminth-derived product(s): Source for potential therapeutic] -- [https://pen.ius.edu.ba/index.php/pen/article/view/4/2 PDF]
* 2013 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23767133/ Worms in prevention of allergy] (Finnish)
* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/7db144c3-cd42-4212-b7de-6a4f14d2c854 Immune modulation by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)
* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/394dd174-f6f1-4655-b2ba-d75137bf7606 Immunomodulatory activity of products from the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)
* 2013 [https://elib.tiho-hannover.de/receive/etd_mods_00000781 Dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy and diseased dogs with inflammatory bowel disease] (Thesis)
* 2013 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20133271670 Effects of helminth infections on the mechanisms of immune response in allergic asthma] (Chinese)
* 2013 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/1c7d5d9f-6a81-48bd-b663-2211a553fee7 Modulación de la colitis experimental por la infección con Taenia crassiceps] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2013 [https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/57810 Parasites: What are They Good for?]

=== 2012 ===
* 2012 Winter [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23804266 Helminth infection and type 1 diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740696/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740696/pdf/RevDiabeticStud-09-272.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23484125/ Immunoregulation by Taenia crassiceps and Its Antigens] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3591211/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3591211/pdf/BMRI2013-498583.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23326021/ Alternatively activated macrophages in types 1 and 2 diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3543813/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3543813/pdf/MI2012-815953.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23236367/ Impact of anthelminthic treatment in pregnancy and childhood on immunisations, infections and eczema in childhood: a randomised controlled trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3517620/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3517620/pdf/pone.0050325.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Dec 6 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/54a23745-10ad-462d-b48c-dab3b54c44e8 Functional and molecular characteristics of a helminth immunomodulator-induced suppressive macrophage population] (Thesis, Berlin)
* 2012 Dec 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220091 The hookworm pharmacopoeia for inflammatory diseases] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003062 Full text]
* 2012 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23304174/ Neutrophil Inhibitory Factor Selectively Inhibits the Endothelium-Driven Transmigration of Eosinophils In Vitro and Airway Eosinophilia in OVA-Induced Allergic Lung Inflammation]
* 2012 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23593834 Anti-atherogenic effect and its mechanisms of soluble egg antigen of Schistosomia japonicum in ApoE-/- mice (atherosclerosis)]
* 2012 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23230342/ Trichinella spiralis infection suppressed gut inflammation with CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cell recruitment] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3514436/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3514436/pdf/kjp-50-385.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23166490 Therapeutic helminth infection of macaques with idiopathic chronic diarrhea alters the inflammatory signature and mucosal microbiota of the colon] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499566/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499566/pdf/ppat.1003000.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221477 How helminths use excretory secretory fractions to modulate dendritic cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3545949/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3545949/pdf/viru-3-668.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23135449 Autoimmunity: The worm returns] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744107/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744107/pdf/nihms-492926.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23129304 Helminth infection in populations undergoing epidemiological transition: a friend or foe?] -- [https://staff.ui.ac.id/system/files/users/aprilianto.eddy/publication/wiria2012helminthinpopulationsundergoingepidemiologicaltransition.pdf Author’s personal full text copy]
* 2012 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23133689/ Toxocara seropositivity, atopy and wheezing in children living in poor neighbourhoods in urban Latin American]
* 2012 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23079675 Where are we on worms?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744105/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744105/pdf/nihms492925.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23104131/ Immunomodulatory glycan LNFPIII alleviates hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance through direct and indirect control of metabolic pathways] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3493877/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3493877/pdf/nihms404535.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22889318/ Heligmosmoides polygyrus fourth stages induce protection against DSS-induced colitis and change opioid expression in the intestine]
* 2012 Oct 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22740641/ Leptin, a tool of parasites?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3440990/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3440990/pdf/rsbl20120385.pdf PDF] (diabete)
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23034321/ Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485755/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485755/pdf/zcm585.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22086188 Nematode modulation of inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459088/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459088/pdf/709_2011_Article_342.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22886766 Worming their way into the pharmacy: use of worms and worm products to treat inflammatory diseases] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/art.34635 PDF]
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22898371 Heligmosomoides polygyrus: EAE remission is correlated with different systemic cytokine profiles provoked by L4 and adult nematodes] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22706967/ Suppression of type 2 immunity and allergic airway inflammation by secreted products of the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4916998/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4916998/pdf/emss-68762.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22729944 The parasitic helminth product ES-62 suppresses pathogenesis in collagen-induced arthritis by targeting the interleukin-17-producing cellular network at multiple sites] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.34581/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.34581/epdf PDF] (Editorial : 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22886766/ Worming their way into the pharmacy: use of worms and worm products to treat inflammatory diseases])
* 2012 Sep 27 [https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/citation/2012/11271/secreted_molecules_from_the_helminth.2245.aspx Secreted Molecules from the Helminth Parasite Fasciola Hepatica Prevent Pro-Inflammatory Immune Responses to Prevent Autoimmune Diabetes]
* 2012 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23021370 Advances in immunotherapy for food allergy] -- [https://www.discoverymedicine.com/Yamini-V-Virkud/2012/09/21/advances-in-immunotherapy-for-food-allergy/ Full text] Yamini Virkud and Brian Vickery, Discovery Magazine
* 2012 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22844110/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri induces tolerogenic dendritic cells that block colitis and prevent antigen-specific gut T cell responses] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3424321/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3424321/pdf/nihms-391899.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21838960 Immune monitoring of Trichuris suis egg therapy in multiple sclerosis patients] (TSO in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS))
* 2012 Sep [https://ifh-homehygiene.org/best-practice-review/hygiene-hypothesis-and-its-implications-home-hygiene-lifestyle-and-public/ The Hygiene Hypothesis and its implications for home hygiene, lifestyle and public health] -- [https://www.naturaleater.com/science-articles/Hygiene-old-friends-ISFHH-2012.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21875581/ Immune modulation and modulators in Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6485391/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6485391/pdf/emss-79795.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22973271/ Defense peptides secreted by helminth pathogens: antimicrobial and/or immunomodulator molecules?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3428582/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3428582/pdf/fimmu-03-00269.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22970345/ Human schistosome infection and allergic sensitisation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434398/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434398/pdf/JPR2012-154743.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22937527 Does helminth activation of toll-like receptors modulate immune response in multiple sclerosis patients?] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/pdf/fcimb-02-00112.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22934153/ The effect of antihelminthic treatment on subjects with asthma from an endemic area of schistosomiasis: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial]
* 2012 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22223533/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus abrogates antigen-specific gut injury in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123417/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123417/pdf/nihms340401.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/189/3/1101/7994782?redirectedFrom=fulltext Costs and Benefits of Immunity to Worm Infection]
* 2012 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24533279/ Worming our way closer to the clinic] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3862412/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3862412/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22742834 Trichuris suis ova: testing a helminth-based therapy as an extension of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://web.archive.org/web/20210921041516/https://parasitology.cvm.ncsu.edu/vmp930/supplement/trichuris_treatment_allergies.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2012 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22608572 Helminth infection is associated with decreased basophil responsiveness in human beings] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387338/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387338/pdf/nihms372243.pdf PDF]
* ⚡ 2012 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22612580 A prescription for clinical immunology: the pills are available and ready for testing. A review] | [[media:A_prescription_for_clinical_immunology-_the_pills_are_available_and_ready_for_testing._A_review.pdf | PDF]]
* 2012 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22928103 Is autism a member of a family of diseases resulting from genetic/cultural mismatches? Implications for treatment and prevention] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420574/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420574/pdf/AURT2012-910946.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22608500/ Evolutionary history of copy-number-variable locus for the low-affinity Fcγ receptor: mutation rate, autoimmune disease, and the legacy of helminth infection ] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3370267/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3370267/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jun 4 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20123002182 A study of the effects of Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen on CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with asthma]
* 2012 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22482518 Soluble helminth products suppress clinical signs in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and differentially modulate human dendritic cell activation] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2012 Jun [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246961346_MICROBIAL_OLD_FRIENDS_IMMUNOREGULATION_AND_PSYCHIATRIC_DISORDERS Microbial "Old Friends", immunoregulation and psychiatric disorders]
* 2012 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22788124/ Conference scene: Parasites to treat immune-mediated diseases?] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.2217/imt.12.44 Full text]
* 2012 May 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22464690 Helminthic therapy: improving mucosal barrier function] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4015520/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4015520/pdf/nihms545476.pdf PDF]
* 2012 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22493240/ Mast cells orchestrate type 2 immunity to helminths through regulation of tissue-derived cytokines] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3340035/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3340035/pdf/pnas.201112268.pdf PDF]
* 2012 May 9 [https://www.ima.org.il/MedicineIMAJ/viewarticle.aspx?year=2012&month=07&page=459 The Eighth International Congress on Autoimmunity] (Conference)
* 2012 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/188/1_Supplement/116.3/7979945 Immune regulatory mechanisms, not alteration in Th1/Th2 skewing, are responsible for helminth-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes in NOD mice]
* 2012 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/188/1_Supplement/119.5/7980315 Short-term helminth infection inhibits type 1 diabetes independently of the Th2-type response]
* 2012 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22507593/ Can we vaccinate against depression?]
* 2012 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/188/1_Supplement/119.11/7979693 Administration of anti-FcER1 antibody injections daily for 10 consecutive days delays type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice]
* 2012 Apr 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22558152/ Crude extracts of Caenorhabditis elegans suppress airway inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma]
* 2012 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22513973 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashley_Croft/publication/224708548_Helminth_therapy_(worms)_for_allergic_rhinitis/links/09e4150b0b21ddf09b000000.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Apr 16 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118321386.ch48 Parasites] (Book chapter of Textbook of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Edition)
* 2012 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509512/ Alternative therapies: Desperate measures] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11099 Full text] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22392054/ Trichinella spiralis: shaping the immune response] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-012-8287-5 Full text]
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22398370/ T cells in helminth infection: the regulators and the regulated]
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22974465/ Polarization of host immune responses by helminth‐expressed glycans] -- [https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06618.x Full text]
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22168433 Parasitic worm therapy for allergy: is this incongruous or avant-garde medicine?]
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22360486 Granulocytes in helminth infection -- who is calling the shots?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394172/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394172/pdf/CMC-19-1567.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Mar 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22461700/ Chronic helminth infection reduces basophil responsiveness in an IL-10-dependent manner] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3331970/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3331970/pdf/nihms-359886.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Mar 14 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/31794 Derived Products of Helminth in the Treatment of Inflammation, Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis] (Book chapter of Allergic Diseases - Highlights in the Clinic, Mechanisms and Treatment)
* 2012 Mar 14 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/31795 Parasite-Derived Proteins Inhibit Allergic Specific Th2 Response] (Book chapter of Allergic Diseases - Highlights in the Clinic, Mechanisms and Treatment)
* 2012 Mar 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22398631 Atopy is inversely related to schistosome infection intensity: a comparative study in Zimbabwean villages with distinct levels of Schistosoma haematobium infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398828/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398828/pdf/iaa-0158-0288.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Mar 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24533271/ Worm therapy: How would you like your medicine?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3862429/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3862429/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214328/ Cystic echinococcosis: aspects of immune response, immunopathogenesis and immune evasion from the human host]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22257556/ Life on the edge: the balance between macrofauna, microflora and host immunity]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214331/ Immunomodulation in trichinellosis: does Trichinella really escape the host immune system?]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214332/ Schistosoma mansoni antigens as modulators of the allergic inflammatory response in asthma]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214333/ Immunomodulatory properties of ES-62, a phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein secreted by Acanthocheilonema viteae]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22264636/ Immune modulation by Lacto-N-fucopentaose III in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/pdf/nihms346981.pdf] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24523086/ Trichuris suis ova bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen] (German)
* 2012 Feb 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22347409/ Schistosomes induce regulatory features in human and mouse CD1d(hi) B cells: inhibition of allergic inflammation by IL-10 and regulatory T cells]
* 2012 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22566894/ TLRs, Treg, and B Cells, an Interplay of Regulation during Helminth Infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3342019/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3342019/pdf/fimmu-03-00008.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22355800 The hygiene hypothesis: an explanation for the increased frequency of insulin-dependent diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3281594/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3281594/pdf/cshperspectmed-DIA-a007799.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22090147/ Hygiene hypothesis and autoimmune diseases] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12016-011-8285-8 Full text]
* 2012 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22346753 Characterising the mucosal and systemic immune responses to experimental human hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276555/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276555/pdf/ppat.1002520.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22035877/ The effect of single and multiple infections on atopy and wheezing in children] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5015705/] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5015705/pdf/emss-69803.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22245779 An essential role for the Th2-type response in limiting tissue damage during helminth infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3274634/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3274634/pdf/nihms341991.pdf PDF] (Wound healing)
* 2012 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22174447/ Helminth protection against autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice is independent of a type 2 immune shift and requires TGF-β] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3253252/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3253252/pdf/nihms338259.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22156341/ Rapid in vivo conversion of effector T cells into Th2 cells during helminth infection]
* 2012 Jan-Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23235797/ The evolution of the Th2 immune responses and its relationships with parasitic diseases and allergy] (Spanish)
* 2012 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279846310_The_murine_infection_with_Schistosoma_mansoni_a_precarious_system_of_check_and_balances_for_the_better_of_both The murine infection with Schistosoma mansoni: a precarious system of check and balances for the better of both] (Doctoral thesis)
* 2012 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259961981_Comparative_Immunomodulatory_Activity_of_Ascaris_Suum_Eggs_and_Dermatophagoides_pteronyssinus_Extract_in_BALBC_Mice_Cytokine_and_Immunoglobulin_Regulations Comparative Immunomodulatory Activity of Ascaris Suum Eggs and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Extract in BALB/C Mice: Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Regulations]
* ⚡ 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22239614 Helminth-host immunological interactions: prevention and control of immune-mediated diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744090/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744090/pdf/nihms492922.pdf PDF] Summarises the science underpinning helminthic therapy.
* 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21983081/ Helminth infection does not reduce risk for chronic inflammatory disease in a population-based cohort study] (There are several critical weaknesses in this study, the data from which do not support the authors' broad conclusion that helminthic colonization does not reduce the risk for various immune-mediated diseases. See a rebuttal of this research by the late Joel Weinstock [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4129650/ here].)
* 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22047987/ Neuroprotective potential beyond immunoregulation of helminth infection as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987711005147 Full text]
* 2012 Jan [https://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/microbe/10.1128/microbe.7.173.1 A Darwinian View of the Hygiene or “Old Friends” Hypothesis] Graham A. W. Rook, Microbe Magazine
* 2012 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20133122421 Parasitic helminths and their products as novel therapeutic agents: an immunological perspective - a review]
* 2012 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=c7qZDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA191&ots=vy-mRzDB1u&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA191#v=onepage&q&f=false Immunosuppression in Helminth Infection] (Book chapter of Immunosuppression: Role in Health and Diseases)
* 2012 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-31609-8_29 The Association between Helminth Infections and Atopic Diseases] (Book chapter of "Multidisciplinary Approaches to Allergies", see [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=M33ABAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA460&sig=ulfyv_C0yrsbqA2GrUYS2M5AGTo#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Book version])
* 2012 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22848374 Helminth antigens enable CpG-activated dendritic cells to inhibit the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis through Foxp3+ regulatory T cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405066/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405066/pdf/pone.0040356.pdf PDF]
* 2012 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/489b7c28-740f-4085-861c-2d0eda2288e9 Identification of Schistosoma mansoni adult male worm excretome-secretome and production of recombinant proteins with immunomodulatory potential] (Thesis)
* 2012 [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12411/ Asthma and allergic disease: their relation with Necator americanus and other helminth infections] Johanna Feary, PhD thesis -- [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12411/1/JRF_Thesis_appendix_A_removed.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2012 [https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/4646/ Echinococcus multilocularis immunomodulatory strategies in the intermediate host] (Student)
* 2012 [https://webshares.northseattle.edu/jgward/Microbe%20paper.pdf A Darwinian View of the Hygiene or “Old Friends” Hypothesis] (PDF)

=== 2011 ===
* 2011 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22219659/ Modulation of specific and allergy-related immune responses by helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3248237/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3248237/pdf/JBB2011-821578.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Dec [https://www.ovid.com/journals/clepal/abstract/00002739-201112000-00055~necatoramericanus-hookworm-excretory-secretory-product Necator Americanus (hookworm) excretory-secretory product modulates in vitro recall responses to grass pollen in allergic subjects] (Conference)
* 2011 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22147983 Schistosoma japonicum ova maintains epithelial barrier function during experimental colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229631/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229631/pdf/WJG-17-4810.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Nov 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22110673/ Parasitic infection improves survival from septic peritonitis by enhancing mast cell responses to bacteria in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3217977/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3217977/pdf/pone.0027564.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Nov 14 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/20687 Parasitic Helminths as Potential Therapeutic Agents Against Autoimmune Disorders] (Book chapter of "Autoimmune Disorders - Current Concepts and Advances from Bedside to Mechanistic Insights")
* 2011 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131800/ Schistosome: its benefit and harm in patients suffering from concomitant diseases]
* 2011 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21797885/ Helminth infections: therapeutic potential in autoimmune disorders] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01324.x Full text]
* 2011 Nov [https://www.ovid.com/journals/glyco/abstract/00002513-201111000-00041~modulation-of-immunity-by-helminth-parasites-from-molecules Modulation of Immunity by Helminth Parasites: From Molecules to Effector Mechanisms] (Conference)
* 2011 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21290484 Hookworm products ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in BALB/c mice]
* 2011 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21920822/ Anti-FcεR1 antibody injections activate basophils and mast cells and delay Type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3257875/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3257875/pdf/nihms-320901.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22087344/ Induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells during human hookworm infection modulates antigen-mediated lymphocyte proliferation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3210756/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3210756/pdf/pntd.0001383.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21476030/ The protective effect of the recombinant 53-kDa protein of Trichinella spiralis on experimental colitis in mice]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21711363/ Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells isolated from helminth-infected mice enhanced T regulatory cell responses in airway allergic inflammation]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21980148 The impact of environmental infections (parasites) on MS activity] (multiple sclerosis)
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21741180 Reconstitution of the human biome as the most reasonable solution for epidemics of allergic and autoimmune diseases] | [[media:Reconstitution_of_the_human_biome_as_the_most_reasonable_solution_for_epidemics_of_allergic_and_autoimmune_diseases.pdf | PDF]]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21810307 Treatment with anthelminthics during pregnancy: what gains and what risks for the mother and child?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178871/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178871/pdf/S0031182011001053a.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21831135 Effects of Helicobacter pylori, geohelminth infection and selected commensal bacteria on the risk of allergic disease and sensitization in 3-year-old Ethiopian children]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21684587 Regulatory B-cell induction by helminths: implications for allergic disease]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21848628 Exposure to hookworms in patients with Crohn's disease: a case-control study] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04824.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04824.x/epdf PDF]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22039562/ Proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory products of Heligmosomoides polygyrus assessed with next-generation sequencing transcriptomic information] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001370 full text]
* 2011 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21943110 Toll-like receptor activation by helminths or helminth products to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3199248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3199248/pdf/1756-3305-4-186.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2011 Sep 20 [https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ddr.20459 Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate allergic response in vitro in cells of asthmatic individuals]
* 2011 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21949691 Suppression of inflammatory immune responses in celiac disease by experimental hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174943/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174943/pdf/pone.0024092.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21710488/ The S. mansoni glycoprotein ω-1 induces Foxp3 expression in NOD mouse CD4⁺ T cells]
* 2011 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22072824 Parasitic helminth cystatin inhibits DSS-induced intestinal inflammation via IL-10(+)F4/80(+) macrophage recruitment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210841/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210841/pdf/kjp-49-245.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Aug 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21858123 Impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection on collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice: a murine model of human rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152573/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152573/pdf/pone.0023453.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21829616 Symptoms after Ingestion of Pig Whipworm Trichuris suis Eggs in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149054/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149054/pdf/pone.0022346.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2011 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21688192/ Autoimmunity and inflammation: murine models and translational studies]
* 2011 Jul 25 The neuroimmunoendocrine network during worm helminth infections -- [https://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ242.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Jul 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21785696 Parasites or cohabitants: cruel omnipresent usurpers or creative "éminences grises"?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140032/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140032/pdf/JPR2011-214174.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21668844/ Effect of parasite infection on allergic disease]
* 2011 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21772981 Excretory-secretory products from hookworm l(3) and adult worms suppress proinflammatory cytokines in infected individuals] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135091/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135091/pdf/JPR2011-512154.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Jun 2 [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-helminthology/article/abs/worm-therapy-for-or-against/B6136CF21B3FCC7A88D0B111BB4D7F39 Worm therapy: for or against?]
* 2011 Jun [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1400/929 Bronchial asthma and helminth invasion: particularity of the cellular immunity] (Russian)
* 2011 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21610741 Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths]
* 2011 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21372112/ Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/pdf/nihms536054.pdf PDF] (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4). See BBC coverage: [https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20130422-feeling-ill-swallow-a-parasite Worm therapy: Why parasites may be good for you]
* 2011 May 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21576944 Atopic dermatitis and the hygiene hypothesis revisited]
* 2011 May 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21589904/ A family of helminth molecules that modulate innate cell responses via molecular mimicry of host antimicrobial peptides] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3093369/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3093369/pdf/ppat.1002042.pdf PDF]
* 2011 May 12 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-19382-8_9 Helminth Therapy to Treat Crohn’s and Other Autoimmune Diseases] (book chapter of Nature Helps.... Parasitology Research Monographs vol 1)
* 2011 May 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21573157 Schistosome infection intensity is inversely related to auto-reactive antibody levels] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3089602/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3089602/pdf/pone.0019149.pdf PDF]
* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21255083 Anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of infantile eczema: randomised-controlled trial results] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130136/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130136/pdf/pai0022-0305.pdf PDF]
* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21204854/ Amelioration of intestinal colitis by macrophage migration inhibitory factor isolated from intestinal parasites through toll-like receptor 2]
* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21549067/ The protective effect of chronic schistosoma japonica infestation against sepsis in mice]
* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477142/ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution was not modified by multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01279.x Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2011 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21440530 Clonorchis sinensis-derived total protein attenuates airway inflammation in murine asthma model by inducing regulatory T cells and modulating dendritic cell functions]
* 2011 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21584243 Helminth parasites and the modulation of joint inflammation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092582/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092582/pdf/JPR2011-942616.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21436399/ Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3144160/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3144160/pdf/nihms309914.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21232537/ Identification and characterization of myeloma-associated antigens in Trichinella spiralis]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21109750/ Food allergy in Ghanaian schoolchildren: data on sensitization and reported food allergy]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21087217/ Atopy and current intestinal parasite infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02512.x Full text]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21296592/ Infectious triggers protect from autoimmunity]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21277637 The impact of parasite infections on the course of multiple sclerosis]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21295861 Helminths and multiple sclerosis: will old friends give us new treatments for MS?] (No abstract)
* 2011 Mar 16 [https://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/2011/03/16/the-myth-of-the-helminth-can-worms-be-the-next-therapeutic-breakthrough-for-ibd-patients/ The Myth of the Helminth: Can Worms be the Next Therapeutic Breakthrough for IBD Patients?]
* 2011 Mar 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21408161 Effect of hookworm infection on wheat challenge in celiac disease - a randomised double-blinded placebo controlled trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050888/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050888/pdf/pone.0017366.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Mar 1 [https://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8G3LVD Avaliação dos efeitos de fármacos imunomoduladores na infecção de Hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, POR Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Loss, 1911)] (Thesis, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2011 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21438646/ Bugs as drugs, part two: worms, leeches, scorpions, snails, ticks, centipedes, and spiders] -- [https://altmedrev.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/v16-1-50.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21349092/ Infection, immunoregulation, and cancer]
* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20967852 Infection with an intestinal helminth parasite reduces Freund's complete adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.30098/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.30098/epdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21159556/ To B or not to B: B cells and the Th2-type immune response to helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/pdf/nihms259426.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044628 Trichinella spiralis: infection reduces airway allergic inflammation in mice]
* 2011 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283177048_Lipid_profile_of_subjects_infected_with_Schistosoma_Haematobium_in_South-Western_Nigeria Lipid profile of subjects infected with Schistosoma Haematobium in South-Western Nigeria]
* 2011 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20428947/ Schistosoma mansoni infection but not egg antigen promotes recovery from colitis in outbred NMRI mice]
* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21887281 The transcriptome of Trichuris suis -- first molecular insights into a parasite with curative properties for key immune diseases of humans] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160910/pdf/pone.0023590.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21858123 Impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection on collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice: a murine model of human rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152573/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152573/pdf/pone.0023453.pdf PDF]
* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21185554/ Taenia crassiceps infection abrogates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000887491000290X?via%3Dihub Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2011 [https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/entities/publication/ea846042-b7cd-4b85-8c76-475682e249a6 Modulation of immune responses by commensal bacteria and intestinal helminth] -- [https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstreams/29ce181d-1755-4ab7-b5e1-dc72320df6e1/download PDF] (thesis)
* 2011 [https://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0712/120_7038am0712_945_955.pdf Role of Parasitic Helminths in Protection Against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases]
* 2011 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/ddbe0211-0bc9-462e-ab90-2c32306f211e Inmunoregulación por el céstodo Taenia Crassiceps y su efecto sobre el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2011 [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hr4h5dm Type-2 Immunity During Therapeutic Helminth Infection] (Thesis, California)

=== 2010 ===
* 2010 Dec 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21149710/ IL-4/STAT6 immune axis regulates peripheral nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3012500/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3012500/pdf/pnas.201009152.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22043257/ Parasites induced skin allergy: a strategic manipulation of the host immunity]
* 2010 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21123809 IL-22+ CD4+ T cells are associated with therapeutic trichuris trichiura infection in an ulcerative colitis patient] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Png_Loke/publication/49650965_IL-22_CD4_T_Cells_Are_Associated_with_Therapeutic_Trichuris_trichiura_Infection_in_an_Ulcerative_Colitis_Patient/links/00b7d535585b829413000000.pdf PDF] (TTO)
* 2010 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044123/ PAS-1, an Ascaris suum protein, modulates allergic airway inflammation via CD8+γδTCR+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02465.x Full text]
* 2010 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21118945/ Decreased prevalence of lymphatic filariasis among subjects with type-1 diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990055/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990055/pdf/tropmed-83-1336.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Nov 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20885339/ Lacto-N-fucopentaose III, a pentasaccharide, prolongs heart transplant survival]
* 2010 Nov-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20721985/ Blood lipids, infection, and inflammatory markers in the Tsimane of Bolivia]
* 2010 Nov-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21039614/ rSj16, a recombinant protein of Schistosoma japonicum-derived molecule, reduces severity of the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis in rats' model]
* 2010 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20848461 Alteration of the murine gut microbiota during infection with the parasitic helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2959136/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2959136/pdf/nihms220920.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21039971 Long-term periodic anthelmintic treatments are associated with increased allergen skin reactivity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034193/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034193/pdf/cea0040-1669.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21039968/ The allergy epidemic: can helminths supply the antidote?]
* 2010 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20603157/ Inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation via enhanced IL-10 and TGF-beta production by galectin-9 homologues isolated from intestinal parasites]
* ⚡ 2010 Oct 13 [https://evmedreview.com/reconstituting-the-depleted-biome-to-prevent-immune-disorders/ Reconstituting the depleted biome to prevent immune disorders] William Parker, Duke University. Explains why replacing absent "old friends" may be the only reasonable therapy for a wide range of immune-associated disorders, including allergy, autoimmunity and autism.
* 2010 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20661746/ Infection of non-encapsulated species of Trichinella ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis involving suppression of Th17 and Th1 response] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-010-1985-9 Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2010 Oct-dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21500453/ Atopic diseases and intestinal helminth infections] (Romanian)
* 2010 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20702728/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection can inhibit colitis through direct interaction with innate immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2948844/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2948844/pdf/nihms-220262.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Sep-Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20691015/ Immunoendocrine host-parasite interactions during helminth infections: from the basic knowledge to its possible therapeutic applications] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01232.x Full text]
* 2010 Aug 31
* 2010 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20067426 Effects of Deworming during Pregnancy on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Entebbe, Uganda: A Randomized Controlled Trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857962/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857962/pdf/ukmss-29622.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20626810/ The immunology of human hookworm infections]
* 2010 Aug [https://academic.oup.com/intimm/article-abstract/22/Suppl_1_Pt_2/ii158/2958157 Immunity to helminth infection]
* 2010 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20626811/ Murine nematode immunology in Australasia]
* 2010 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20420933/ Filaria-induced IL-10 suppresses murine cerebral malaria]
* 2010 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20404082 Chronic intestinal helminth infections are associated with immune hyporesponsiveness and induction of a regulatory network] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897394/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897394/pdf/1228-09.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20559443/ Decreased prevalence of lymphatic filariasis among diabetic subjects associated with a diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine response (CURES 83)] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2886036/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2886036/pdf/pntd.0000707.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jun 14 [https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/how-the-parasitic-worm-has-turned/ How the parasitic worm has turned] (Web archive copy)
* 2010 Jun 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20538949 Exploitation of the intestinal microflora by the parasitic nematode Trichuris muris] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428897/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428897/pdf/ukmss-49377.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20537152/ The inhibitory effect against collagen-induced arthritis by Schistosoma japonicum infection is infection stage-dependent]
* 2010 Jun 5 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/a21afb06-1289-4db1-ada6-59b507d154b9 Functional analysis of tropomyosin of parasitic nematodes] (Thesis, Berlin)
* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20372927/ Influence of maternal schistosomiasis on the immunity of adult offspring mice]
* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20402649/ Immunomodulation of the allergic inflammatory response: new developments]
* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20306466/ Helminth-induced CD19+CD23hi B cells modulate experimental allergic and autoimmune inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/pdf/eji0040-1682.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20500676/ Mechanisms of modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by chronic Trichinella spiralis infection in Dark Agouti rats] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01207.x Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2010 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20132231 Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate the allergic response in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857950/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857950/pdf/cei0160-0266.pdf PDF]
* 2010 May [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(10)60071-6/fulltext Helminths Regulate Acute Graft Versus Host Disease and Colitis in a TGFβ Dependent Manner in Mice]
* 2010 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20304473/ Regulatory B cells prevent and reverse allergic airway inflammation via FoxP3-positive T regulatory cells in a murine model] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009167491000045X Full text]
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20415854 99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: darwinian medicine and the 'hygiene' or 'old friends' hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841838/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841838/pdf/cei0160-0070.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20415844/ The 'hygiene hypothesis' for autoimmune and allergic diseases: an update] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2841828/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/20415844/ PDF]
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23105895 Immunomodulators of helminthes: Promising therapeutics for autoimmune disorders and allergic diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3453099/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3453099/pdf/12291_2010_Article_21.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20044996 In vitro-derived alternatively activated macrophages reduce colonic inflammation in mice] (Colitis) (HDC)
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20224568 Helminth-derived immunomodulators: can understanding the worm produce the pill?]
* 2010 Mar 24 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20103089920 Inhibitory effect on asthma by dendritic cells of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice]
* 2010 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20204176/ Immune modulation by Schistosoma mansoni antigens in NOD mice: effects on both innate and adaptive immune systems] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2830582/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2830582/pdf/JBB2010-795210.pdf PDF] (Diabetes)
* 2010 Mar [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(09)01809-0/fulltext Looking into the future of Trichuris suis therapy]. Comment on a defective clinical trial [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19800680 Trichuris suis ova therapy for allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial] which use a bad pH 5.0 for TSO
* 2010 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20028812 Extracts of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, suppress macrophage activation in vitro and alleviate chemically induced colitis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825920/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825920/pdf/1349-08.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2010 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19968663/ The therapeutic potential of the filarial nematode-derived immunodulator, ES-62 in inflammatory disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2819492/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2819492/pdf/cei0159-0256.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19691904 The immune response to and immunomodulation by Hymenolepis diminuta] (HDC)
* 2010 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20135718/ Schistosoma mansoni proteins attenuate gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice]
* 2010 Feb 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20169100 Parasitic helminths: new weapons against immunological disorders] (Diabetes) -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821776/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821776/pdf/JBB2010-743758.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20030661 Experimental hookworm infection: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in asthma] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814083/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814083/pdf/cea0040-0299.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20101628 Worms to the rescue: can worm glycans protect from autoimmune diseases?] [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iub.304/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iub.304/epdf PDF]
* 2010 Feb 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20150967/ Immunity against Helminths: Interactions with the Host and the Intercurrent Infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2817558/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2817558/pdf/JBB2010-428593.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19923225/ Helminth cysteine proteases inhibit TRIF-dependent activation of macrophages via degradation of TLR3] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2823461/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2823461/pdf/zbc3383.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20051114/ Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces the incidence of murine cerebral malaria] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2822789/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2822789/pdf/1475-2875-9-5.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20069130 Taenia crassiceps infection attenuates multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804118/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804118/pdf/JBB2010-850541.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19748975/ Glycan gimmickry by parasitic helminths: a strategy for modulating the host immune response?] -- [https://academic.oup.com/glycob/article-abstract/20/1/2/2355376 Full text]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19800680 Trichuris suis ova therapy for allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars_Poulsen/publication/26866959_Trichuris_suis_ova_therapy_for_allergic_rhinitis_a_randomized_double-blind_placebo-controlled_clinical_trial/links/00b4952a7f6c89aaa2000000.pdf PDF] (TSO). This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19758373 Reduced helminth burden increases allergen skin sensitization but not clinical allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Vietnam] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03346.x Full text]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19844667 Regulation of type 1 diabetes, tuberculosis, and asthma by parasites] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2863045/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2863045/pdf/nihms182968.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20042008 Helminth infection inhibits airway allergic reaction and dendritic cells are involved in the modulation process] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01161.x Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01161.x/epdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20425508 Chronic helminth infections protect against allergic diseases by active regulatory processes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816799/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816799/pdf/11882_2009_Article_85.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan [https://europepmc.org/article/med/20450004 Parasitic helminths as medicines] (Polish)
* 2010 [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/1680/ Characterisation of the anti-inflammatory potential of ES-62 in autoimmune disease] (Thesis)
* 2010 [https://stax.strath.ac.uk/concern/theses/jm214p20f Effect of phosphorylcholine-based small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory nematode product ES-62 on mast cell function] (Thesis)
* 2010 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20224759 Dendritic cells in the gut: interaction with intestinal helminths] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836138/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836138/pdf/JBB2010-250563.pdf PDF]
* 2010 [https://gut.bmj.com/content/59/Suppl_1/A2.1 Effect of hookworm treatment on active Crohn's disease] (Only an abstract appears to have been published.)
* 2010 [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1601 Influence of chronic opistorchis invasion upon immune response and clinical presentations of pediatric bronchial asthma] -- [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1601/1121 PDF] (Russian)
* 2010 [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1668/1189 Food allergy prevalence in children of opisthorchiasis world region] -- [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/download/1668/1189 PDF] (Russian)
* 2010 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20450004/ Parasitic helminths as medicines] (Polish)
* 2010 [https://www.africanjournalofdiabetesmedicine.com/articles/type-1-diabetes-in-the-tropics-the-protective-effects-of-environmental-factors.pdf Type 1 diabetes in the tropics: the protective effects of environmental factors]
* 2010 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/0ad4acbf-a48d-4bec-b38c-e866e1e670eb Regulación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (T1DM) por macrófagos alternativamente activados inducidos por el cestodo Taenia crassiceps] (Master, Mexico, Spanish)

=== 2009 ===
* 2009 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19752032 Helminth infection can reduce insulitis and type 1 diabetes through CD25- and IL-10-independent mechanisms] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2786463/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2786463/pdf/1170-08.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Dec 1 [https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/handle/10900/45583 The Influence of Allergization and Parasite Infection of the Pregnant Women on the allergen-specific Immune Response of the Newborn] (German, Thesis)
* 2009 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19996438 Early helminth infections are inversely related to anemia, malnutrition, and malaria and are not associated with inflammation in 6- to 23-month-old Zanzibari children] -- [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/81/6/1062.long Full text] | [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/81/6/1062.full.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19812189 Helminth antigens modulate immune responses in cells from multiple sclerosis patients through TLR2-dependent mechanisms] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.full.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19861631 Immunologic profiles of persons recruited for a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/81/5/911.long Full text] | [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/81/5/911.full.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19880560 Parasitic infection and autoimmunity] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0961203309345735 PDF] (Lupus/SLE)
* 2009 Oct 22 [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-10-22/worms-linked-to-coeliac-relief/1113232 Worms linked to coeliac relief]
* 2009 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19744885 Survival of the fittest: allergology or parasitology?]
* 2009 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19508324/ Gastrointestinal nematode infection interferes with experimental allergic airway inflammation but not atopic dermatitis]
* 2009 Sep 29 [https://www.news-medical.net/news/20090929/Hookworms-can-prevent-asthma.aspx Hookworms can prevent asthma] News Medical
* 2009 Sep 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19786773/ Prebiotics, probiotics and helminths: the 'natural' solution?]
* 2009 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=20011066 Infection with Hymenolepis diminuta Is More Effective than Daily Corticosteroids in Blocking Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789531/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789531/pdf/JBB2010-384523.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2009 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19406170 Helminth immunoregulation: the role of parasite secreted proteins in modulating host immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706953/ Full text]
* 2009 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587018/ Infection with a Helminth Parasite Attenuates Autoimmunity through TGF-β-Mediated Suppression of Th17 and Th1 Responses] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.full.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Aug 1 [https://portlandpress.com/biochemist/article/31/4/28/1050/Can-parasites-be-good-for-you-The-cost-and?guestAccessKey= Can parasites be good for you?: The cost and potential benefit of hookworm infection]
* 2009 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19016910/ Inhibition of type 1 diabetes in filaria-infected non-obese diabetic mice is associated with a T helper type 2 shift and induction of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2729528/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2729528/pdf/imm0127-0512.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19674347/ Parasites and allergy]
* 2009 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19545298/ Prevalence and risk factors of inflammatory acne vulgaris in rural and urban Ghanaian schoolchildren]
* 2009 Jul 8 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0262407909618510 Healing with parasites]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19544487/ Role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2882993/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2882993/pdf/nihms-209615.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19400893 Safety of hookworm infection in individuals with measurable airway responsiveness: a randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728895/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728895/pdf/cea0039-1060.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19321388 Advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693446/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693446/pdf/nihms100270.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19594641/ Modulation of host immune responses by helminth glycans] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00799.x Full text]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19412105/ Can infections protect against autoimmunity?]
* 2009 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=19468064 Parasites represent a major selective force for interleukin genes and shape the genetic predisposition to autoimmune conditions] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715056/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715056/pdf/JEM_20082779.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454687/ Macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologs of anisakis simplex suppress Th2 response in allergic airway inflammation model via CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell recruitment]
* 2009 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19223020 Helminths and our immune system: friend or foe?]
* 2009 Jun [https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/items/ce0b06d9-2665-4d84-a384-b48bd9fe6d3b Helminth Therapy in a Murine Model of Chemically Induced Colitis] (Thesis)
* 2009 May 13 [https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=22651 Parasitic helminths of veterinary concern:host immune response regulation and potential use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases] | [https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/vetmex/vm-2009/vm093g.pdf PDF] (English and Spanish)
* 2009 May 9 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1128/9781555815479.ch11 The Influence of Helminths on Immunological Diseases] book chapter
* 2009 May 7 [https://hdl.handle.net/1843/GCPA-7TKKEA Asma e rinite alérgica em área rural endêmica para esquistossomose] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2009 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19388947 Immune and genetic aspects of asthma, allergy and parasitic worm infections: evolutionary links] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01104.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01104.x/epdf PDF]
* 2009 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19785931/ Leptin concentrations and the immune-mediated reduction of feed intake in sheep infected with the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/leptin-concentrations-and-the-immunemediated-reduction-of-feed-intake-in-sheep-infected-with-the-nematode-trichostrongylus-colubriformis/5993A1B573C86BAD5B1FC6055B741995 Full text] | [https://core.ac.uk/reader/35462458?utm_source=linkout PDF]
* 2009 Apr 28 [https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1325 Efeito da exposição de diferentes extratos parasitários na resposta pulmonar alérgica em modelo murino] (Post-graduate, Spanish)
* 2009 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386086/ Immunomodulatory parasites and toll-like receptor-mediated tumour necrosis factor alpha responsiveness in wild mammals] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2685781/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2685781/pdf/1741-7007-7-16.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19370621 Effect of administration of antihelminthics for soil transmitted helminths during pregnancy]
* 2009 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19023900/ Therapeutic potential of helminth soluble proteins in TNBS-induced colitis in mice]
* 2009 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19291704 Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens induce Treg that participate in diabetes prevention in NOD mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200838871/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200838871/epdf PDF]
* 2009 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19308259 Necator americanus infection: a possible cause of altered dendritic cell differentiation and eosinophil profile in chronically infected individuals] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654967/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654967/pdf/pntd.0000399.pdf PDF] (NA)
* ✅ 2009 Mar 5 [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01470521?term=WIRMS&rank=1 Worms for Immune Regulation of Multiple Sclerosis (WIRMS)] Proposal for the first Phase 2 trial using a controlled number of Necator americanus in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. (Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090304091818.htm] and the Mail Online. [https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2108228/Parasitic-worms-offer-hope-cure-multiple-sclerosis.html?ito=feeds-newsxml]) (NA)
* 2009 Mar-Avr [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S107997960800209X Infection and autoimmunity]
* 2009 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19418721/ Relevance of helminths in the prevention and healing of immune diseases] (Spanish)
* 2009 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19167926 The therapeutic helminth?]
* 2009 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18835272 Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces severity of collagen-induced arthritis via down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators]
* 2009 Feb [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(08)03406-4/fulltext Effect of Helminth-Derived Product on Cytokine Productions in Asthma]
* 2009 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19138565 Can helminths or helminth-derived products be used in humans to prevent or treat allergic diseases?]
* 2009 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106698/ Interactions between helminth parasites and allergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2680069/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2680069/pdf/ukmss-4613.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Feb [https://www.benthamdirect.com/content/journals/cir/10.2174/157339509787314431 The Clinical Potential of Worms and their Products in Treating Inflammatory Diseases]
* 2009 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19136071 Schistosoma mansoni infection alters co-stimulatory molecule expression and cell activation in asthma]
* 2009 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19079844/ Parasitic helminths: a pharmacopeia of anti-inflammatory molecules] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12717 Full text]
* 2009 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19118048/ rNAPc2 inhibits colorectal cancer in mice through tissue factor]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18608175 Spontaneous arthritis in MRL/lpr mice is aggravated by Staphylococcus aureus and ameliorated by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120496 Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: mechanisms underlying helminth modulation of dendritic cell function] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632707/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632707/pdf/imm0126-0028.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120493 Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: the broader implications of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632706/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632706/pdf/imm0126-0003.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120495 Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: immunity against helminths and immunological phenomena in modern human populations: coevolutionary legacies?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632709/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632709/pdf/imm0126-0018.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120494 Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: how might infection modulate the onset of type 1 diabetes?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632708/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632708/pdf/imm0126-0012.pdf PDF]
* ✅⚡2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18680198 Helminths and the IBD hygiene hypothesis] This paper proposed that failure to acquire helminths in early life negatively affects immune development, leading to immunological diseases such as IBD later in life.
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19128351 Do helminth parasites protect against atopy and allergic disease?]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19050918/ An update on the use of helminths to treat Crohn's and other autoimmunune diseases]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19016806 Helminth antigen-based strategy to ameliorate inflammation in an experimental model of colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665684/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665684/pdf/cei0155-0088.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18824533/ Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate experimental allergic asthma in a murine model: a major role for CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells independent of interleukin-10] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2612239/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2612239/pdf/0783-07.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120492/ Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: nematode coevolution with adaptive immunity, regulatory networks and the growth of inflammatory diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2632705/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2632705/pdf/imm0126-0001.pdf PDF]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20054982 Helminthic therapy: using worms to treat immune-mediated disease] | [[media:Using Worms to Treat Immune-Mediated Disease.pdf | PDF]]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20477636/ Parasite immunomodulation in autoimmune disease: focus on multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/eci.09.39 Full text]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19436745 Early exposure of infants to GI nematodes induces Th2 dominant immune responses which are unaffected by periodic anthelminthic treatment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2677666/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2677666/pdf/pntd.0000433.pdf PDF]
* 2009 [https://repository.lib.tottori-u.ac.jp/records/5030 Helminth Infections Prevent Autoimmune Diseases through Th2-Type Immune Response] -- [https://repository.lib.tottori-u.ac.jp/record/5030/files/52_095-104%281%29.pdf PDF]
* 2009 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7643-8903-1_10 The hygiene hypothesis and Type 1 diabetes] (Book chapter of The Hygiene Hypothesis and Darwinian Medicine)
* 2009 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7643-8903-1_9 Inflammatory bowel disease and the hygiene hypothesis: an argument for the role of helminths] (Book chapter of The Hygiene Hypothesis and Darwinian Medicine]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20054978/ Helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules] (Book chapter of Pathogen-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules)
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20054977/ Immunomodulatory activity and therapeutic potential of the filarial nematode secreted product, ES-62]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19670531/ Nematode infections in mice--an experimental model of immunoregulation] (Polish)
* 2009 [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Anti-tumoral-effect-of-Trichinella-spirialis-on-1-6-Yuanyuan-Pengtao/a33a46afcaea9367649cef72b0b38dab72924042 Anti-tumoral effect of Trichinella spirialis on Hepa 1-6 hepatoma carcinoma cell in the C57BL/6 mice]
* 2009 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/254d42ef-7bb3-4b3d-8e2f-46d207221bd3 Regulatory T cell induction and function] (Thesis)
* 2009 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3121082/ Helminth Parasites and Allergic Disease in Vietnam: Do Gut Worms Protect against Allergic Sensitisation, Asthma, Eczema, and Hay Fever?] (Book review)
* 200 [http://ww.pro-folia.org/files/1/2009/2/editorial.pdf Worms - friend or foe? The new 'old friends' hypothesis']

=== 2008 ===
* 2008 Dec 1 [https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article-abstract/14/suppl_3/S43/4654709?redirectedFrom=fulltext Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Trichuris muris] -- [https://www.proquest.com/openview/3bd735c598cafbc4147259d6eaa99393/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=996336 PDF] (Conference)
* 2008 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19288916/ Suppression effect of different stage antigens of Schistosoma japonicum on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma] (Chinese)
* 2008 Dec 18 [https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1318 Efeito da exposição a extratos parasitários na indução de rinite alérgica em camundongos] (Post-graduate, Portuguese)
* 2008 Dec 12 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/b11e1189-8973-4835-97d7-db45166fc72b Influence of a nematode immunomodulator and nematode infection on two allergy models] (Thesis, Berlin)
* 2008 Dec [https://cdn.mdedge.com/files/s3fs-public/issues/articles/70369_main_18.pdf Is Exposure to Helminths Needed for Immunity?]
* 2008 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18619749/ Helminthes et maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0399832008003187 Full text] (French)
* 2008 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19008120/ PAS-1, a protein from Ascaris suum, modulates allergic inflammation via IL-10 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-12]
* 2008 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18710859/ Coinfection with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus markedly reduces hepatic egg-induced immunopathology and proinflammatory cytokines in mouse models of severe schistosomiasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2573333/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2573333/pdf/0673-08.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18631351/ Protection from skin test reactivity by helminth infections: Trichuris trichiura induces protection in the long term]
* 2008 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18547322 Early infection with Trichuris trichiura and allergen skin test reactivity in later childhood] (TTO)
* 2008 Oct 17 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/5e5c2b6e-2cae-4311-8e7c-b9e262f4d76c Characterization of the T-cell response to an intestinal nematode infection] (Thesis, Berlin)
* 2008 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18653284/ Immunization of proteins from Toxascaris leonina adult worm inhibits allergic specific Th2 response]
* 2008 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18644879/ Anti-Inflammatory mechanisms of enteric Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection against trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in a murine model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2546858/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2546858/pdf/0744-07.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18654798 Schistosoma japonicum infection modulates the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation in mice]
* 2008 Sep 30 [https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13120 Helminth infections induce immunomodulation : consequences and mechanisms] (Doctoral thesis)
* 2008 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20525133 The changing microbial environment and chronic inflammatory disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868866/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868866/pdf/1710-1492-4-3-117.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Sep 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18777588/ Helminth infections and intestinal inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744001/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744001/pdf/WJG-14-5125.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18682103 Parasitic nematode modulation of allergic disease]
* 2008 Aug 21 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/3674 Filarial nematodes protect against malaria in a murine co-infection model] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2008 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18684931/ Colonization with Heligmosomoides polygyrus suppresses mucosal IL-17 production] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4242718/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4242718/pdf/nihms643265.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18655096 Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells]
* 2008 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18509678 Decreased basal non-insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by diaphragm in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni]
* 2008 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18628388/ Helminths as governors of inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2008 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18578001 The role of regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis]
* 2008 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18561863/ Therapeutic immunomodulators from nematode parasites]
* 2008 Jun 4 https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20083141476 [Effect of Trichinella on growth of human colorectal carcinoma HCT-8 cells in BALB/c mice]
* 2008 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18467916/ The role of domestic hygiene in inflammatory bowel diseases: hepatitis A and worm infestations]
* 2008 Jun [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S152169180700176X Eosinophilia during intestinal infection]
* 2008 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18411290/ Protective effect of an extract from Ascaris suum in experimental arthritis models] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/18411290/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2423060/pdf/1085-07.pdf PDF]
* 2008 May 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18509490 Worms and the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: are molecules the answer?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396220/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396220/pdf/CDI2008-567314.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2008 May 4 [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/e/e4/Hookworm.pdf Potential Transmission of Pathogens Between Human Hosts by the Hookworm, Necator Americanus] (PDF)
* 2008 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18462167 Intensity of intestinal infection with multiple worm species is related to regulatory cytokine output and immune hyporesponsiveness]
* 2008 Apr 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18414649/ Lower expression of TLR2 and SOCS-3 is associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection and with lower risk for allergic reactivity in children living in a rural area in Ghana]
* 2008 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17704067/ The phosphorycholine moiety of the filarial nematode immunomodulator ES-62 is responsible for its anti-inflammatory action in arthritis] -- [https://ard.eular.org/article/S0003-4967(24)21848-3/abstract Full text]
* 2008 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18226814/ Trichinella spiralis: modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489407003141?via%3Dihub Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2008 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18322239 A helminth immunomodulator reduces allergic and inflammatory responses by induction of IL-10- producing macrophages] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/180/6/4265.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/180/6/4265.full.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18322239/ A helminth immunomodulator reduces allergic and inflammatory responses by induction of IL-10-producing macrophages]
* 2008 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18209076 Helminth infection with Litomosoides sigmodontis induces regulatory T cells and inhibits allergic sensitization, airway inflammation, and hyperreactivity in a murine asthma model] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/180/3/1792.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/180/3/1792.full.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18304263/ Association of atopy, asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and intestinal helminth infections in Cuban children] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01988.x Full text]
* 2008 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18207251 Soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma japonicum modulates the progression of chronic progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via Th2-shift response] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2008 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18186549 Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: a critical review of the literature] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675108/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675108/pdf/WJG-14-165.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2008 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18055264/ Interplay of parasite-driven immune responses and autoimmunity] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(07)00289-9 Full text]
* 2008 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259931316_The_Role_of_Helminthes_in_Human_Evolution_Implications_for_Global_Health_in_the_21st_Century The role of helminthes in human evolution implications for global health in the 21st century]
* 2008 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18802342/ T-cell regulation in helminth parasite infections: implications for inflammatory diseases] -- [https://books.google.fr/books?id=V_g3EQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA112&ots=Pssfhp9Ovz&dq=encephalomyelitis%20helminth&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA112#v=onepage&q&f=false PDF]
* 2008 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18486690/ Atopic disorders and parasitic infections]
* 2008 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18193360/ Pathogen induced regulatory cell populations preventing allergy through the Th1/Th2 paradigm point of view]
* 2008 [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Observation-of-trichinella-on-C6-glioma-in-BALB-c-Li-dan/22fbcb80d520af9403ab488c046cbb84cb053796 Observation of trichinella on C6 glioma in BALB/c mice]
* 2008 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/b4d03304-fe8d-4064-814c-e6122baf4a7a The relationship between Ascaris lumbricoides and malaria in children aged 1-4 years] (Thesis)
* 2008 [https://www.ekjm.org/journal/view.php?number=18475 Therapy using trichuris suis ova in a patient with crohn's disease] -- [https://www.ekjm.org/upload/7405s007.pdf PDF] (Korean)
* 2008 [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/29280/ Parasitic worms to treat human disease] (Conference)

=== 2007 ===

* 2007 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18007680 Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2258092/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2258092/pdf/nihms40971.pdf PDF]
* 2007 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18209931/ Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development in Lewis rats from a conventional animal facility] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/YP6HmL6fSnbZkKSqSdYGvhz/?lang=en Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2007 Nov [https://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v13/n11/full/nm1107-1288.html Worms tame mast cells] | [[media:Worms tame mast cells.pdf | PDF]]
* 2007 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17952092 Inhibition of FceRI-mediated mast cell responses by ES-62, a product of parasitic filarial nematodes] | [[media:Inhibition of mast cell responses by ES-62.pdf |PDF]]
* 2007 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17619029 The hygiene hypothesis and the increasing prevalence of chronic inflammatory disorders]
* 2007 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17689595/ Protective effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on allergic airway inflammation depends on the intensity and chronicity of infection]
* 2007 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606601/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus promotes regulatory T-cell cytokine production in the murine normal distal intestine] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1951154/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1951154/pdf/0358-07.pdf PDF]
* 2007 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17433300 Schistosoma japonicum eggs modulate the activity of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and prevent development of colitis in mice]
* 2007 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17650182/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection down-regulates eotaxin concentration and CCR3 expression on lung eosinophils in murine allergic pulmonary inflammation]
* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17499858/ Paralysis of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell response in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(07)00123-3/abstract Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17576364 Stage-specific immune responses in human Necator americanus infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1976388/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1976388/pdf/pim0029-0347.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19804227/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome and beyond]
* 2007 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17544832/ Chronic helminth infections induce immunomodulation: consequences and mechanisms] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0171298507000307 Full text]
* 2007 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17599602/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: the ANTHEM-TIMI-32 trial]
* 2007 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17852030/ Chronic helminth infections modulate allergen-specific immune responses: Protection against development of allergic disorders?] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07853890701436765 Full text]
* 2007 May 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17457783/ Allergies and parasites] (German)
* 2007 May-Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17906796 Interrelationship among asthma, atopy, and helminth infections] -- [https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-37132007000300016&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Full text] | [https://www.scielo.br/pdf/jbpneu/v33n3/en_14.pdf PDF]
* 2007 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17488925 An inverse relationship between autoimmune liver diseases and Strongyloides stercoralis infection] -- [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/76/5/972.long Full text] | [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/76/5/972.full.pdf PDF]
* 2007 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17447233 Helminths, allergic disorders and IgE-mediated immune responses: where do we stand?] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200737314/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200737314/epdf PDF]
* 2007 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17372014 Infection with a helminth parasite prevents experimental colitis via a macrophage-mediated mechanism] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/7/4557.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/7/4557.full.pdf PDF]
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17206504 The use of Trichuris suis and other helminth therapies to treat Crohn's disease] (TSO)
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17313951 Helminths as governors of immune-mediated inflammation]
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17504662/ Modulation of anaphylaxis by helminth-derived products in animal models]
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17408663 Helminth infection enhances disease in a murine TH2 model of colitis]
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17241663/ Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens are internalized by human dendritic cells through multiple C-type lectins and suppress TLR-induced dendritic cell activation]
* 2007 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360880 Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasites are not detrimental to the nutritional status of Amerindians] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6446118_Helicobacter_pylori_and_intestinal_parasites_are_not_detrimental_to_the_nutritional_status_of_Amerindians Full text (PDF)]
* 2007 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17318233/ Suppression of TH2-type allergic reactions by helminth infection]
* 2007 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17092505/ Characterization of the immuno-regulatory response to the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta in the non-permissive mouse host] (HDC)
* 2007 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17122383/ Helminth-derived products inhibit the development of allergic responses in mice] -- [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200601-054OC Full text]
* 2007 Feb 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17292747/ Does helminth elimination promote or prevent malaria?]
* ✅⚡2007 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17230481 Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/e/ec/Association_Between_Parasite_Infection_and_Immune_Responses_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070117091058.htm] and the BBC. [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6268585.stm]) This was the first study to explore the effect of helminth infection on immune response and the natural course of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It showed that MS progressed much more slowly in patients who hosted intestinal worms.
* 2007 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17284099 Iatrogenic Trichuris suis infection] (TSO)
* 2007 Feb [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/items/1b591771-d853-4663-8797-eacbf190d800 Helminth-induced changes in pulmonary immunity: Alternatively activated alveolar macrophages and modulation of responses to allergen challenge] -- [https://www.proquest.com/openview/17ed0ff94edfac5feec7703152ddd92e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 Full text] (Thesis)
* 2007 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17043101 Inhibition of autoimmune type 1 diabetes by gastrointestinal helminth infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1828378/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1828378/pdf/0664-06.pdf PDF]
* 2007 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17042799 Schistosoma japonicum egg antigens stimulate CD4 CD25 T cells and modulate airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1890919/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1890919/pdf/imm0120-0008.pdf PDF]
* 2007 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17534075 Regulation of the immune system in metazoan parasite infections]
* 2007 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412520 Autism, asthma, inflammation, and the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048743/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048743/pdf/nihms-29963.pdf PDF]
* 2007 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17912815/ Regulation of the immune response in BALb/c mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus] (Polish)
* 2007 [https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2007-988615 Schwerer Schub einer Pancolitis ulcerosa nach Eradikation von Enterobius vermicularis – Pathophysiologie der protektiven Wirkung einer intestinalen Helminthose bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen] (Conference, German)

=== 2006 ===
* 2006 Dec 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17159130 Multiple sclerosis and the hygiene hypothesis]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17157661 Poor sanitation and helminth infection protect against skin sensitization in Vietnamese children: A cross-sectional study]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16966410/ Ascaris suum-derived products suppress mucosal allergic inflammation in an interleukin-10-independent manner via interference with dendritic cell function]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17149943/ Therapeutic colonization with Trichuris suis]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17285203/ Soil-transmitted helminths and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and the role of nitric oxide in malaria and geohelminth co-infection. Do worms have a protective role in P. falciparum infection?]
* 2006 Nov 22 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/4986 Helminth infections, allergic disorders and immune responses: studies in Indonesia] (Thesis)
* 2006 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17042933 Helminths and HIV infection: epidemiological observations on immunological hypotheses] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636684/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636684/pdf/pim0028-0613.pdf PDF]
* ✅ 2006 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17123987 Dose-ranging study for trials of therapeutic infection with Necator americanus in humans] This study explored the dose of hookworms that would be required to have a therapeutic effect on asthma. (NA)
* 2006 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17042933 Helminths and HIV infection: epidemiological observations on immunological hypotheses] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636684/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636684/pdf/pim0028-0613.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Oct-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17343086 Intestinal helminths: a clue explaining the low incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases in Subsaharan Africa? Potential benefits and hazards of helminth therapy] (IBD)
* 2006 Oct-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17343085 The hygiene hypothesis and inflammatory bowel diseases: role of helminths] (IBD)
* 2006 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16965287 Parasitic worms and inflammatory diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618732/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618732/pdf/pim0028-0515.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17068271 What is the origin of ulcerative colitis? Still more questions than answers] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653902/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653902/pdf/620.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16965288 Worms and allergy] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00894.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00894.x/epdf PDF]
* 2006 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16965284 Immune modulation by helminthic infections: worms and viral infections]
* 2006 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16778161 Asthma and current intestinal parasite infection: systematic review and meta-analysis]
* 2006 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17308794 Schistosoma mansoni antigen-driven interleukin-10 production in infected asthmatic individuals] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/LXLmtQzKbnJKMgZTzv7RfdL/?lang=en Full text] | [https://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v101s1/v101s1a55.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17100400/ Parasitic infections and allergy--a review]
* 2006 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16926388/ Innate immune responses to lung-stage helminth infection induce alternatively activated alveolar macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1594865/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1594865/pdf/0687-06.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16849471 Intestinal helminths protect in a murine model of asthma] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/177/3/1628.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/177/3/1628.full.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16879310/ The role of TGF-beta in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus]
* 2006 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890593 Allergy controls the population density of Necator americanus in the small intestine] (NA) Also see [[Hookworm dosing and response#Is there a constitutive limit on colony size? | '''Is there a constitutive limit on colony size?''']].
* 2006 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17057216 Helminths and mucosal immune modulation]
* 2006 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16750534 A time course study of immunological responses in Trichuris suis infected pigs demonstrates induction of a local type 2 response associated with worm burden] (TSO)
* 2006 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16773382/ Atopic dermatitis: The hygiene hypothesis: Prevention through helminth infections?] (German)
* 2006 Jun-dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17162358/ Protective Role of Helminthiasis in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/17402520600876895 Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2270757/pdf/CDI-13-159.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16689863 Prevention of psoriasis-like lesions development in fsn/fsn mice by helminth glycans]
* 2006 Jun [https://www.ovid.com/journals/paraim/abstract/00006406-200606000-00036~worms-and-allergies-pitfalls-and-opportunities Worms and allergies: Pitfalls and opportunities] (Conference)
* 2006 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16698413/ Effect of albendazole treatments on the prevalence of atopy in children living in communities endemic for geohelminth parasites: a cluster-randomised trial] (Lancet) (Comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16698395/ Worms, asthma, and the hygiene hypothesis])
* 2006 May-Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22886766/ Filarial nematode secreted product ES-62 is an anti-inflammatory agent: therapeutic potential of small molecule derivatives and ES-62 peptide mimetics]
* 2006 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16630018 Regulatory T cells in human disease and their potential for therapeutic manipulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782265/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782265/pdf/imm0118-0001.pdf PDF]
* 2006 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16673007 Mechanisms of disease: the hygiene hypothesis revisited]
* 2006 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16683891/ Iatrogenic Trichuris suis infection in a patient with Crohn disease] | [https://meridian.allenpress.com/aplm/article/130/5/718/459879/Iatrogenic-Trichuris-suis-Infection-in-a-Patient Full text]
* 2006 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16495568/ Amelioration of influenza-induced pathology in mice by coinfection with Trichinella spiralis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1418664/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1418664/pdf/1563-05.pdf]
* 2006 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16512799 Environmental exposures, genetic predisposition and allergic diseases: one size never fits all] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01104.x/abstract Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01104.x/epdf PDF]
* 2006 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16512800 Helminths can protect themselves against rejection inhibiting hostile respiratory allergy symptoms] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00983.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00983.x/epdf PDF]
* 2006 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16630145/ Too clean, or not too clean: the hygiene hypothesis and home hygiene] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1448690/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1448690/pdf/cea_2463.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16384780 The hygiene hypothesis and atopy: bring back the parasites?]
* ✅ 2006 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16344586 A proof of concept study establishing Necator americanus in Crohn's patients and reservoir donors] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856386/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856386/pdf/136.pdf PDF] Investigated whether Crohn’s disease patients would tolerate a hookworm infection, and the practical issues associated with establishing reservoir donors for this species. (NA)
* 2006 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16365404/ Helminth-modified pulmonary immune response protects mice from allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness]
* 2006 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16260169/ Helicobacter pylori and Schistosoma japonicum co-infection in a Chinese population: helminth infection alters humoral responses to H. pylori and serum pepsinogen I/II ratio] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457905002200?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2006 Jan [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/beneficial-helminth-parasite/6965C03BAD31F78F8171B1C6BB7C7333 The beneficial helminth parasite?]
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17204485/ Human allergy and geohelminth infections: a review of the literature and a proposed conceptual model to guide the investigation of possible causal associations] -- [https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article-abstract/79-80/1/203/327019 Full text]
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16413997 Geohelminth infections: impact on allergic diseases]
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210899 Helminth-induced immunoregulation of an allergic response to food] (food allergy)
* 2006 [https://turkiyeparazitolderg.org/articles/allergic-diseases-and-parasitosis/22746 Allergic Diseases and Parasitosis] (Turkish)
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210910/ Regulatory T cells induced by parasites and the modulation of allergic responses]
* 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=0Z-lndxRzgoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Parasites and Allergy] (Book)
* 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=0Z-lndxRzgoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false The mutual influence of nematode infection and allergy] (Book chapter of Parasites and Allergy)
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210905/ Glycans modulate immune responses in helminth infections and allergy] (Book chapter of Parasites and Allergy)
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210901/ Human schistosomiasis decreases immune responses to allergens and clinical manifestations of asthma] - [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=0Z-lndxRzgoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA29&sig=PXKgOTGnr8QNZPDNd-ck6ihbcDY#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Book] (Book chapter of "Parasites and Allergy")

=== 2005 ===
* 2005 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16202576/ Infections and allergy - helminths, hygiene and host immune regulation] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0952791505001536?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2005 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16354824/ Association of Schistosoma haematobium infection with protection against acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Malian children]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16905262/ Progressive tissue injury in burns is reduced by rNAPc2]
* 2005 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16275759 Suppression of allergic airway inflammation by helminth-induced regulatory T cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213237/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213237/pdf/20042572.pdf PDF]
* 2005 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16232230 Immune responses following experimental human hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809522/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809522/pdf/cei0142-0398.pdf PDF]
* 2005 Oct-Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16179034/ Have gastrointestinal nematodes outwitted the immune system?]
* 2005 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16131911/ The role of helminth infections in protection from atopic disorders]
* 2005 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16131913/ Immunologic responses to common antigens in helminthic infections and allergic disease]
* 2005 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15959781/ Role of helminths in regulating mucosal inflammation] | [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00281-005-0209-3 Full text]
* 2005 Sep [https://www.ovid.com/journals/excim/abstract/10.1586/1744666x.1.3.311~news-in-brief?redirectionsource=fulltextview A role for worms in preventing asthma and reducing allergies]
* 2005 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16143151/ Worms, germs and IBD: is it your mother's fault?]
* 2005 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15969681/ Worm infestation and the negative association with eczema (atopic/nonatopic) and allergic sensitization]
* 2005 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15990650/ Worm therapy for ulcerative colitis: a possible link to regulatory T cells]
* ✅ 2005 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16008666 Old friends for breakfast] Suggested that a symbiotic relationship exists between humans and the fauna that have co-evolved in the human GI tract.
* 2005 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15905584 Neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody blocks the protective effect of tapeworm infection in a murine model of chemically induced colitis] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/11/7368.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/11/7368.full.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2005 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15941957 Intestinal helminthiasis in Colombian children promotes a Th2 response to Helicobacter pylori: possible implications for gastric carcinogenesis]
* 2005 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15864275/ A worm's eye view of the immune system: consequences for evolution of human autoimmune disease] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nri1601 Full text]
* 2005 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15825092/ A novel approach to the treatment of ulcerative colitis: Is it kosher?]
* 2005 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15780835/ Parasite role reversal: worms on trial]
* 2005 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15825065 Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial] -- [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(05)00025-9/pdf PDF] (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4) (Comment: 2005 Jul [https://www.ovid.com/journals/jpga/abstract/10.1097/01.mpg.0000170602.88263.8b~worm-therapy-for-ulcerative-colitis-a-possible-link-to Worm therapy for ulcerative colitis: a possible link to regulatory T cells])
* 2005 Mar 21 [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)04088-6/fulltext Infection with Litosomoides sigmodontis suppresses allergen-induced sensitization and pulmonary inflammation in a murine asthma model] (Conference)
* 2005 Mar 20 [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)03733-9/fulltext Immune response in asthma: Down modulation by Schistosoma mansoni infection] (Conference)
* 2005 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15730384 Low dose chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection increases susceptibility to Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809318/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809318/pdf/cei0139-0398.pdf PDF]
* 2005 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15784107/ Wheeze, allergic sensitization and geohelminth infection in Butajira, Ethiopia]
* 2005 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15710972/ Microbes, immunoregulation, and the gut] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1774411/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1774411/pdf/gut05400317.pdf PDF]
* 2005 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15677912 Gastrointestinal parasites: potential therapy for refractory inflammatory bowel diseases] (IBD)
* 2005 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16265104/ Is there a role for helminths in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease?]
* 2005 Feb [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)03941-7/fulltext Anti-Helminth Treatment Lead to a Reduction on Asthma Severity] -- [ https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)03942-9/pdf PDF]
* 2005 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15729428/ The increasing prevalence of Crohn's disease in industrialized societies: the price of progress?]
* ✅ 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15591509 Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn's disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774382/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774382/pdf/gut05400087.pdf PDF] TSO is shown to offer a unique, safe and effective alternative treatment for Crohn's disease, and potentially protection against other immunological disorders. (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4). (Comment 2005 Aug [https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article-abstract/11/8/783/4685898?login=false Why Trichuris suis should prove safe for use in inflammatory bowel diseases] and 2005 Aug [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(05)01201-1/fulltext Trichuris suis therapy for ulcerative colitis: nonresponsive patients may need anti-helminth therapy. Reply])
* 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15591496 Will worms really cure Crohn's disease?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774348/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774348/pdf/gut05400006.pdf PDF](see pages 6-8)
* 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15687885 Helminths and the modulation of mucosal inflammation]
* 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15591883 The hygiene hypothesis and asthma]
* 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15659262/ Helminth infections: protection from atopic disorders]
* 2005 Jan [https://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/items/e9c5d188-7946-4236-988b-779cb8ce7e32 Parasitic infection: Good or bad for the hygiene hypothesis?]
* 2005 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16278064/ Infections and autoimmune diseases]
* 2005 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15780483 Can worms defend our hearts? Chronic helminthic infections may attenuate the development of cardiovascular diseases]
* 2005 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16249415 Helminth infection during pregnancy and development of infantile eczema]
* 2005 [https://elib.tiho-hannover.de/receive/etd_mods_00002266 Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von parasitären Antigenen auf die Typ-I-Allergie beim Sommerekzem des Pferdes] (Thesis, German)
* 2005 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/c095a651-dc4f-4230-85d5-a1d2cc27291c Schistosoma mansoni modulation of allergic responses] (Thesis)

=== 2004 ===
* 2004 Dec 14 [https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/17767.php Parasitic worms may offer effective treatment for Crohn's disease Medical] News Today
* 2004 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15580240/ The worm has turned]
* 2004 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15554921 Parasitic helminths tip the balance: potential anti-inflammatory therapies] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782598/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782598/pdf/imm0113-0438.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15528374 Helminth infection protects mice from anaphylaxis via IL-10-producing B cells] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/10/6346.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/10/6346.full.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499536/ Impaired T helper 2 response to aeroallergen in helminth-infected patients with asthma]
* 2004 Nov-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15771681/ Intestinal worms and human allergy]
* 2004 Nov [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/592d17b9-4d83-4ed2-949b-9fd06bb2440f Hygiene hypothesis-helminth infection and immune regulation] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2004 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15308620/ Graves' hyperthyroidism and the hygiene hypothesis in a mouse model] -- [https://academic.oup.com/endo/article-abstract/145/11/5075/2500382 Full text]
* 2004 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15573869/ Can helminth antigens be exploited therapeutically to downregulate pathological Th1 responses?]
* 2004 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15771680/ The immunoepidemiology of human hookworm infection]
* 2004 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15703683/ Increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: the price of the decline of infectious burden?]
* 2004 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486631 Schistosoma mansoni infection modulates the immune response against allergic and auto-immune diseases] -- [https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762004000900005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Full text] | [https://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v99s1/v99s1a05.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15368285/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits established colitis in IL-10-deficient mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eji.200324833 Full text]
* 2004 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15361235 Helminth parasites--masters of regulation]
* 2004 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15294988 A Secreted Protein from the Human Hookworm Necator americanus Binds Selectively to NK Cells and Induces IFN-{gamma} Production] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/4/2699.long Full text] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/8/8a/A_Secreted_Protein.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15265954 Schistosoma mansoni and alpha-galactosylceramide: prophylactic effect of Th1 Immune suppression in a mouse model of Graves' hyperthyroidism] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/3/2167.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/173/3/2167.full.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486632/ Schistosomiasis protects against multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/57rccxQr5bndK9xbnNLYfwq/?lang=en&format=html Full text]
* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486631/ Schistosoma mansoni infection modulates the immune response against allergic and auto-immune diseases]
* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15278438/ Nematode parasites and scrapie: experiments in sheep and mice]
* 2004 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15247451 Immunotherapy. Can worms tame the immune system?]
* 2004 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15247452/ Wielding worms at asthma and autoimmunity] -- [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.305.5681.171 Full text] (Science)
* 2004 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15193562/ Infection and autoimmunity: are we winning the war, only to lose the peace?]
* 2004 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15196202 The increased prevalence of allergy and the hygiene hypothesis: missing immune deviation, reduced immune suppression, or both?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782506/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782506/pdf/imm0112-0352.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15181580/ Inhibition of the tissue factor/factor VIIa pathway does not influence the inflammatory or antibacterial response to abdominal sepsis induced by Escherichia coli in mice]
* 2004 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15330453 A review of autism and the immune response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2270714/pdf/CDI-11-165.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15167035/ The hygiene theory: fact or fiction?]
* 2004 Apr 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15063594/ Helminths at mucosal barriers--interaction with the immune system]
* 2004 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15039389 Helminth infection modulates the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation] -- [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/4/585.long Full text] | [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/4/585.full.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15059190/ Low frequency of positive skin tests in asthmatic patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni exposed to high levels of mite allergens]
* 2004 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15146107/ Allergies and parasitoses in sub-Saharan Africa]
* 2004 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14976607/ Long-term treatment of intestinal helminths increases mite skin-test reactivity in Gabonese schoolchildren] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/189/5/892/2085835?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Full text]
* 2004 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15279624 Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment by ES of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00692.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00692.x/epdf PDF]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755070/ Parasites and allergy: from IgE to Th1/Th2 and beyond]
* 2004 Feb [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009167490400452X Schistosoma mansoni down-regulate type 2 immune response and reduce severity of asthma]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755074 Regulation of allergy and autoimmunity in helminth infection]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755076 The innate allergenicity of helminth parasites]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755071/ The potential impact of early exposures to geohelminth infections on the development of atopy]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15007629 Mycobacteria and other environmental organisms as immunomodulators for immunoregulatory disorders]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755072 Parasites and the hygiene hypothesis: regulating the immune system?]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755073 Helminth infections and allergic diseases: from the Th2 paradigm to regulatory networks]
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14717968/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, an inhibitor of tissue factor/factor VIIa, attenuates coagulation and the interleukin-10 response in human endotoxemia]
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14684583 Concurrent infection with Schistosoma mansoni attenuates inflammation induced changes in colonic morphology, cytokine levels, and smooth muscle contractility of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in rats] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773910/pdf/gut05300099.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14723608 Helminths as therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease] (IBD)
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14684567 Helminths and harmony] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773927/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773927/pdf/gut05300007.pdf PDF](Pages 7-9)
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14678327/ Immune biasing by helminth glycans] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00337.x Full text]
* 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=vwRiGGQBOA4C&lpg=PA97&ots=kwFo4DvVYG&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA97#v=onepage&q&f=false The Induction of Immunoregulation Prevents the Development of Immunopathology in Chronic Helminth Infections and Allergy] (book chapter from Allergic Diseases and the Environment)
* 2004 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14965305/ Molecules of parasites as immunomodulatory drugs]

=== 2003 ===
* 2003 Dec 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14683653/ Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys]
* 2003 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14584087/ Echinococcus against cancer: why not?]
* 2003 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12970139/ Neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) downregulates the onset of intestinal inflammation in the nematode infected mouse] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1773836/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1773836/pdf/gut05201457.pdf PDF]
* 2003 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933842 Schistosomiasis decreases central nervous system inflammation and alters the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/pdf/0223.pdf PDF] (Multiple sclerosis)
* ✅ 2003 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14499784 Trichuris suis seems to be safe and possibly effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease] (IBD) This trial showed that pig whipworm ova (TSO) can reduce symptoms of Crohn’s disease without producing side effects. (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4)
* 2003 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12949497 Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms]
* 2003 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12902519 A Novel Therapeutic Approach Targeting Articular Inflammation Using the Filarial Nematode-Derived Phosphorylcholine-Containing Glycoprotein ES-62] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/171/4/2127.long PDF]
* 2003 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714349/ Allergic symptoms, atopy, and geohelminth infections in a rural area of Ecuador] -- [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.200211-1320OC Full text]
* 2003 Jul [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20033136038 Asthma and parasites: new insights]
* 2003 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12805500/ Effects of a selective CD11b/CD18 antagonist and recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator treatment alone and in combination in a rat embolic model of stroke]
* 2003 Jun 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12821239/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, an inhibitor of the tissue factor/factor VIIa complex, in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty]
* 2003 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12008041/ Immunoregulation of CNS autoimmunity by helminth and mycobacterial infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165247802000251?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2003 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12756068/ Causality or coincidence: may the slow disappearance of helminths be responsible for the imbalances in immune control mechanisms?]
* 2003 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12738598/ Wheezing, allergy, and parasite infection in children in urban and rural Ethiopia] -- [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200210-1204OC Full text]
* 2003 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743563 Reduced risk of atopy among school-age children infected with geohelminth parasites in a rural area of the tropics] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(03)80126-4/fulltext Full text]
* 2003 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743556/ Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with a reduced course of asthma]
* 2003 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12731071 Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate the activity of the innate immune response and prevent onset of type 1 diabetes] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200323910/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200323910/epdf PDF]
* 2003 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12431903 Exposure to schistosome eggs protects mice from TNBS-induced colitis] -- [https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00049.2002 Full text]
* 2003 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502726 Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by helminth ova immunization] -- [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.long Full text] | [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.full.pdf PDF] (Multiple sclerosis)

=== 2002 ===
* 2002 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12512830/ Effect of schistosoma mansoni egg deposition on multiple low doses streptozotocin induced insulin dependent diabetes]
* 2002 Dec [https://www.ovid.com/journals/immus/abstract/00125506-200212001-00158~immunoregulatory-molecules-from-helminths-and-allergy Immunoregulatory molecules from helminths and allergy] (Conference)
* 2002 Nov 28 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/35225947_Th2-responses_and_immunomodulation_in_helminth_infections_and_allergy Th2-responses and immunomodulation in helminth infections and allergy] (thesis)
* ✅ 2002 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379667 Intestinal nematode infection ameliorates experimental colitis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130294/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130294/pdf/0150.pdf PDF]
* 2002 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12458825 An anti-atherogenic effect of Schistosoma mansoni infections in mice associated with a parasite-induced lowering of blood total cholesterol] (cardiovascular / cholesterol / atherosclerosis)
* 2002 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12569989 Eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness are profoundly inhibited by a helminth (Ascaris suum) extract in a murine model of asthma]
* 2002 Oct 1 [https://www.nature.com/articles/nri921 Worms and allergy — whats going on?]
* 2002 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12362234/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, a novel inhibitor of tissue factor-factor VIIa activity, abrogates endotoxin-induced coagulation in chimpanzees]
* 2002 Sep 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12239261 The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases]
* 2002 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12218148 An enteric helminth infection protects against an allergic response to dietary antigen] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/6/3284.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/6/3284.full.pdf PDF]
* 2002 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12008041/ Immunoregulation of CNS autoimmunity by helminth and mycobacterial infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165247802000251?via%3Dihub Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2002 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12066130/ The possible link between de-worming and the emergence of immunological disease]
* 2002 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12067292 Can intestinal helminth infections (geohelminths) affect the development and expression of asthma and allergic disease?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906269/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906269/pdf/cei0128-0398.pdf PDF]
* 2002 Apr 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11964470 Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis]
* ✅ 2002 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032638/ A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis?] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-002-0801-1 Full text]
* 2002 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878129/ Atopy and helminths]
* 2002 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12227073/ Antitumor cross-resistance of trichinosis] (Russian)

=== 2001 ===
* 2001 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11705561 Independent effects of intestinal parasite infection and domestic allergen exposure on risk of wheeze in Ethiopia: a nested case-control study]
* 2001 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11752881 The prevalence of parasite infestation and house dust mite sensitization in Gabonese schoolchildren]
* 2001 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11585781 Immune responses in hookworm infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC89000/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC89000/pdf/cm0401000689.pdf PDF]
* 2001 Sep 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11527407/ A factor of inducing IgE from a filarial parasite prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic mice] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006291X01954713 Full text] | [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006291X01954713?via%3Dihub PDF]
* 2001 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11473099/ Is there a predisposition to intestinal parasitosis in diabetic patients?]
* 2001 Jul 1 [https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/abstract/S0966-842X(01)02128-X Intestinal worms and asthma]
* 2001 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11429321 Th2 responses without atopy: immunoregulation in chronic helminth infections and reduced allergic disease]
* 2001 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11401981/ Tapeworm infection reduces epithelial ion transport abnormalities in murine dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]
* 2001 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11344341/ The other side of the coin: the protective role of the TH2 cytokines] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(01)10113-2/fulltext Full text]
* 2001 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11282505 Is Necator americanus approaching a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with humans?] (NA)
* 2001 Apr [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246666157_Th2_responses_to_the_Helminth_Heligmosomoides_polygyrus_reduce_Th1-promoted_epithelial_hyperplasia_in_a_mouse_model_of_Helicobacter_hepaticus-associated_inflammatory_bowel_disease_IBD Th2 Responses to the Helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus reduce Th1-Promoted Epithelial Hyperplasia in a Mouse Model of Helicobacter hepaticus-associated Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)]
* 2001 Mar 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11139576/ Role of zymogen and activated factor X as scaffolds for the inhibition of the blood coagulation factor VIIa-tissue factor complex by recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2]
* 2001 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11260163/ Infection of mice with the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis suppresses pulmonary allergic responses to ovalbumin]
* 2001 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11228005/ Schistosomiasis-induced IL-10 suppresses allergy prevalence]

=== 2000 ===
* 2000 Nov 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11095260 Decreased atopy in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium: a role for parasite-induced interleukin-10]
* ✅ 2000 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11032865 Chronic immune activation associated with intestinal helminth infections results in impaired signal transduction and anergy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC314342/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC314342/pdf/JCI0010182.pdf PDF] This Research found reduced immune responses in patients infected with helminths.
* 2000 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11060486/ Inverse association between skin response to aeroallergens and Schistosoma mansoni infection] -- [https://karger.com/iaa/article-abstract/123/2/145/164187/Inverse-Association-between-Skin-Response-to?redirectedFrom=fulltext Full text]
* ✅ 2000 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10973934 Does the failure to acquire helminthic parasites predispose to Crohn's disease?] -- [https://www.fasebj.org/content/14/12/1848.long Full text] | [https://www.fasebj.org/content/14/12/1848.full.pdf PDF] This paper linking a failure to acquire helminths to the prevalence of Crohn’s disease was key in the development of the Hygiene Hypothesis.
* 2000 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10874727/ Anorexia in rats infected with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: experimental manipulations] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/anorexia-in-rats-infected-with-the-nematode-nippostrongylus-brasiliensis-experimental-manipulations/7B856EDE08497D7A6664BC561515F9A6 Full text]
* 2000 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10782074/ The link between helminthic infection and atopy] (Comment 2001 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11282504/ Helminths and atopy]
* 2000 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10784608 Antigen-specific cellular hyporesponsiveness in a chronic human helminth infection is mediated by T(h)3/T(r)1-type cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta but not by a T(h)1 to T(h)2 shift] -- [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/5/623.long Full text] | [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/5/623.full.pdf PDF]
* 2000 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10802709/ Concurrent enteric helminth infection modulates inflammation and gastric immune responses and reduces helicobacter-induced gastric atrophy] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nm0500_536 Full text] (comment 2001 Jul [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1728365/ The African enigma: the parasite's perspective])
* 2000 Apr [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(00)82847-4/fulltext Intestinal helminth infection modulates inflammation and reduces gastric atrophy in a mouse model of Helicobacter infection] -- [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(00)82847-4/pdf PDF]
* 2000 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10672191/ Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with protection from cerebral malaria] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00284.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed Full text]
* 2000 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10810862/ New approach to chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Worm ova by prescription?. Interview by Petra Eiden] (German)
* 2000 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10669838/ Parasites and asthma/allergy: what is the relationship?]
* 2000 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2560630/pdf/11143198.pdf Eradication of helminthic infections may be essential for successful vaccination against HIV and tuberculosis]

=== 1999 ===

* 1999 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10413714/ Parasite infections and the risk of asthma and atopy]

* 1999 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10320614 Infection with Schistosoma mansoni prevents insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3024.1999.00213.x/epdf PDF]

* 1999 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10070669/ Parasite-induced anorexia: leptin, insulin and corticosterone responses to infection with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/parasiteinduced-anorexia-leptin-insulin-and-corticosterone-responses-to-infection-with-the-nematode-nippostrongylus-brasiliensis/76BDEE67CDF3E6F7B6502A4706447B01 Full text]

=== 1998 ===
* 1998 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9844052/ Decreased CD4 and increased CD8 counts with T cell activation is associated with chronic helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1905129/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1905129/pdf/cei0114-0414.pdf PDF]
* 1998 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9732925/ Military history of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an epidemiological study among U.S. veterans]
* 1998 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9698148/ Epidemiological evidence for a differential effect of hookworm species, Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, on iron status of children]
* 1998 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9576014/ Oral administration of schistosome egg antigens and insulin B-chain generates and enhances Th2-type responses in NOD mice]
* 1998 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9498789/ A helminth-induced mucosal Th2 response alters nonresponsiveness to oral administration of a soluble antigen]
* 1998 Inflammatory bowel and celiac disease in [https://archive.org/details/isbn_0125969236 The Autoimmune Diseases] book, Third Edition ( N. R. Rose, and I. R. Mackay, eds) pp. 477–509, Academic Press, San Diego

=== 1997 ===

* 1997 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9347076/ Ethanol consumption suppresses cell-mediated inflammatory responses and increases T-helper type 2 cytokine secretion in Trichinella spiralis-infected rats] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04435.x Full text]
* 1997 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26196592/ The evolutionary context of chronic allergic conditions : The Hiwi of Venezuela]
* 1997 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8980372/ Effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and eosinophilia on age at onset and prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia]
* 1997 [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127052808/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/193176053.pdf The Pro-allergic Influences of Helminth Parasites] (PDF)

=== 1996 ===
* 1996 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8872184 IgE, allergies and helminth parasites: a new perspective on an old conundrum]
* 1996 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8666804/ Local intestinal immune responses to infections with Trichinella spiralis. Real-time, continuous assay of cytokines in the intestinal (afferent) and efferent thoracic duct lymph of rats]
* 1996 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8565306 Immune dysregulation in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: relevance to helminth infections?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2200340/pdf/cei0103-0239.pdf PDF]
* 1996 Jan 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8600620 Prolongation of rat kidney allograft survival by nematodes]
* 1996 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8537675 Impairment of tetanus toxoid-specific Th1-like immune responses in humans infected with Schistosoma mansoni] -- [https://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/173/1/269.long Full text] | [https://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/173/1/269.full.pdf PDF]

=== 1995 ===
* 1995 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7594491/ Neutrophil inhibitory factor prevents neutrophil-dependent lung injury]
* 1995 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7761110/ Immunity in humans to Necator americanus: IgE, parasite weight and fecundity] (... / human observational / NA)

=== 1993 ===
* 1993 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8409444 Modulation of murine cytokine responses to mycobacterial antigens by helminth-induced T helper 2 cell responses]
* 1993 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8403522/ Ascaris reinfection of slum children: relation with the IgE response] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1534372/pdf/ PDF] (... / Human / AL / Oxantel+Pyrantel)
* 1993 Sep 1 [https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/of-parasites-and-pollens Of Parasites and Pollens] - Peter Radetsky, Discover Magazine
* 1993 sept [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8360391/ Effect of anthelmintic treatment on the allergic reactivity of children in a tropical slum] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/0091-6749(93)90119-Z/pdf PDF]
* 1993 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8361773 Modulation of the allergic reactivity of slum children by helminthic infection]
* 1993 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8495998/ Atopy and helminth parasites]

=== 1992 ===
* 1992 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1353100/ Influence of resistant and susceptible genotype, IL-1, and lymphoid organ on Trichinella spiralis-induced cytokine secretion]
* 1992 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1399239 The partial characterization of proteases present in the excretory/secretory products and exsheathing fluid of the infective (L3) larva of Necator americanus] (NA)
* 1992 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1533656 Infection with Schistosoma mansoni alters Th1/Th2 cytokine responses to a non-parasite antigen]
* 1992 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19930807967 Parasites and allergic disease: a review of the field and experimental evidence for a 'cause-and-effect' relationship]

=== 1991 ===
* 1991 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1680917 Production of IL-10 by CD4+ T lymphocytes correlates with down-regulation of Th1 cytokine synthesis in helminth infection]
* 1991 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1668995/ Local response in mouse tumor treated with Schistosoma mansoni antigen]

=== 1990 ===

* 1990 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2083400/ Parasites and allergy: evidence for a 'cause and effect' relationship]

=== 1989 ===
* ✅ 1989 Nov 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2513902 Hay fever, hygiene, and household size] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1838109/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1838109/pdf/bmj00259-0027.pdf PDF] This paper linked exposure to pathogens whilst young to the development of allergic diseases, and was key to the development of the Hygiene Hypothesis.

=== 1988 ===
* 1988 Apr 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3129107/ Acute appendicitis and bathrooms in three samples of British children] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2545433/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2545433/pdf/bmj00279-0012.pdf PDF]
=== 1987 ===
* 1987 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3605493/ The clinical and immunologic responses of normal human volunteers to low dose hookworm (Necator americanus) infection] (NA)
* 1987 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15462956/ Do hookworms elicit protective immunity in man?]
* 1987 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2437589/ Intestinal mucosal mast cells in normal and nematode-infected rat intestines are in intimate contact with peptidergic nerves] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC304783/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC304783/pdf/pnas00274-0420.pdf PDF]
* 1987 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3668458/ Diet, infection, and acute appendicitis in Britain and Ireland] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1052575/ Full text] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1052575/pdf/jepicomh00230-0047.pdf PDF]

=== 1986 ===

* 1986 Jan-Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3120251/ Evolution of sarcoma 180 (ascitic tumor) in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni]

=== 1985 ===
* 1985 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4083958/ Helminthiasis, mite-allergy and IgE in a homogenous tropical population]
* 1985 Apr 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2985169/ Acute appendicitis and dietary fibre: an alternative hypothesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1418708/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1418708/pdf/bmjcred00443-0035.pdf PDF]
* 1985 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4054238/ Parasites and asthma--predictive or protective?] (A / comparative)

=== 1982 ===
* 1982 Jul Modulation of immune responses by commensal bacteria and intestinal helminth [https://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:5334/eth-5334-02.pdf PDF]
* 1982 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7099711/ The anti-neoplastic effect of trichinellosis in a syngeneic murine model]
* 1982 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7038958/ Prolonged skin allograft survival in chronic schistosomiasis]

=== 1979 ===
* ✅ 1979 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/447497 Epidemiology of chronic intestinal disease in middle Africa] This was one of several papers noting a North-South gradient for many autoimmune diseases, including Crohn’s, a fact that informed later studies on autoimmunity.
* 1979 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/437839/ Studies of macrophage function during Trichinella spiralis infection in mice]
* 1979 [https://open.uct.ac.za/items/2c63bbbc-a9df-46f7-b234-6cbcfea3d1b3 The prevalence of asthma in urban and rural Black children : an epidemiological survey] (Thesis, Cape Town)

=== 1978 ===
* 1978 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/635980 Antibody responses in self-infections with Necator americanus] (NA)

=== 1977 ===

* 1977 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/326446/ Schistosoma mansoni: impairment of the cell-mediated immune response in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1540768/ Full text]
* 1977 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/843113/ Rheumatoid arthritis in a tribal Xhosa population in the Transkei, Southern Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1006631/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1006631/pdf/annrheumd00038-0070.pdf PDF]
* 1977 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/591108/ Antineoplastic effects of long-term Trichinella spiralis infection on B-16 melanoma]

=== 1976 ===
* ✅ 1976 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/60540 Letter: IgE, parasites, and allergy] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/f/fd/Letter_-_IgE%2C_parasites%2C_and_allergy_%28Turton%29.pdf PDF] This letter reported the first known successful therapeutic use of the hookworm, Necator americanus, in this case to resolve hay fever. (NA)
* ✅ 1976 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/987744/ Serum IgE levels in white and metis communities in Saskatchewan] This paper's author suggested that atopic disease is the price paid by some members of the white community of northern Saskatchewan for their relative freedom from helminth infestation and viral and bacterial infection.

=== 1975 ===

* 1975 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1154196/ Rheumatic disorders in the South African Negro. Part I. Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis] -- [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA20785135_23957 PDF]
* 1975 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1171819/ The influence of the nematode Syphacia oblevata on adjuvant arthritis in the rat] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1445946 Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1445946/pdf/immunology00307-0165.pdf PDF]
* 1975 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1139767/ Asthma and IgE levels in rural and urban communities of The Gambia] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1975.tb01853.x Full text]
* 1975 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1137440/ Rheumatoid arthritis in a rural South African Negro population] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1006361/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1006361/pdf/annrheumd00027-0021.pdf PDF]

=== 1970 ===
* 1970 (winter) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5498517/ The biology of the atopic response] Twelve naval officers suffering from hay-fever “for some years” were free from hay-fever for an average of 2 years following colonisation with the large roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides.
* 1970 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5460510/ Increased survival of Swiss mice given sublethal infections of Trichinella spiralis] (Breast cancer)
* 1970 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4190594/ Can parasitic infection suppress autoimmune disease?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1810949/ Full text]

=== 1968 ===
* ✅ 1968 Aug 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4174413 Autoimmune disease and parasitic infections in Nigerians] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/1/1f/Autoimmune_disease_and_parasitic_infections_in_Nigerians.pdf PDF] The author of this paper suggested a possible relationship between parasitic infections and the reduced incidence of autoimmune disease in parts of tropical Africa.

=== 1948 ===
* ✅ 1948 Apr [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5190334/ The Treatment of Polycythemia by Artificial Infection with Ancylostoma Duodenale] This was the first report of the clinical application of helminthic therapy.

=== 1932 ===
* ✅ 1932 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10828911 Regional ileitis: a pathologic and clinical entity] Disease characterised by inflammation of the terminal ileum was first described in this paper. This condition was later to become known as Crohn’s disease.

== Papers published in high impact factor journals ==

This is a selection of articles published in high impact factor journals.

Inclusion in this list in no way means that these particular articles are better than others. The list is also not exhaustive and requires further development.

* Zou Y, Pu L, Guo A, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ding Y, Du X, Guo X, Zhang S, Cai X, Wang S. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266093/ Helminth reshapes host gut microbiota and immunoregulation by deploying an antimicrobial program of innate immunity]. Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2496447. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2496447. Epub 2025 Apr 23. PMID: 40266093; PMCID: PMC12026035.

* Cortez VS, Viragova S, Koga S, Liu M, O'Leary CE, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Schroeder AW, Kochhar N, Vaka D, Boffelli D, Klein OD, Diamond MS, Liang HE, Locksley RM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40914159/ IL-25-induced memory type 2 innate lymphoid cells enforce mucosal immunity]. Cell. 2025 Oct 30;188(22):6220-6235.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.017. Epub 2025 Sep 5. PMID: 40914159.

* Can UI, Stenske SE, Rosenbaum MD, Reinhardt RL. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40543040/ Rapid group-2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization from the intestine aids in early lung defense and repair]. Cell Rep. 2025 Jul 22;44(7):115868. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115868. Epub 2025 Jun 19. PMID: 40543040; PMCID: PMC12352581.

* Lane JI, Nieves-Ortiz E, Ndatabaye O, Fatkhullina AR, Lopez S, Dermody TS, Esterházy D. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40505102/ Intestinal lymphatic vasculature is functionally adapted to different drainage regions and is altered by helminth infection]. J Exp Med. 2025 Jun 12;222(9):e20241181. doi: 10.1084/jem.20241181. Epub 2025 Jun 12. PMID: 40505102; PMCID: PMC12162095.

* Westfall S, Gentile ME, Olsen TM, Karo-Atar D, Bogza A, Röstel F, Pardy RD, Mandato G, Fontes G, Herbert D, Melichar HJ, Abadie V, Richer MJ, Vinh DC, Koenig JFE, Harrison OJ, Divangahi M, Weis S, Gregorieff A, King IL. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40267906/ A type 1 immune-stromal cell network mediates disease tolerance against intestinal infection]. Cell. 2025 Jun 12;188(12):3135-3151.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.043. Epub 2025 Apr 22. PMID: 40267906.

* Carrera Silva EA, Puyssegur J, Errasti AE. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40231720/ Coevolutionary interplay: Helminths-trained immunity and its impact on the rise of inflammatory diseases]. Elife. 2025 Apr 15;14:e105393. doi: 10.7554/eLife.105393. PMID: 40231720; PMCID: PMC12002795.

* Shen C, Zhu X, Chang H, Li C, Hou M, Chen L, Lu Chen, Zhou Z, Ji M, Xu Z. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39321022/ The rebalancing of the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface ameliorates autism-like behavior in adult offspring]. Cell Rep. 2024 Oct 22;43(10):114787. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114787. Epub 2024 Sep 24. PMID: 39321022.

* Burgess MO, Janas P, Berry K, Mayr H, Mack M, Jenkins SJ, Bain CC, McSorley HJ, Schwarze J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38924546/ Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice]. Allergy. 2024 Aug;79(8):2157-2172. doi: 10.1111/all.16206. Epub 2024 Jun 26. PMID: 38924546.

* Sikder S, Pierce D, Sarkar ER, McHugh C, Quinlan KGR, Giacomin P, Loukas A. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38609741/ Regulation of host metabolic health by parasitic helminths]. Trends Parasitol. 2024 May;40(5):386-400. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.03.006. Epub 2024 Apr 11. PMID: 38609741. [https://mywikis-eu-wiki-media.s3.eu-central-2.wasabisys.com/htwiki/Sikder_Trends-in-parasitology-2024.pdf PDF]

* Mules TC, Inns S, Le Gros G. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37449458/ Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction]. Allergy. 2023 Nov;78(11):2892-2905. doi: 10.1111/all.15812. Epub 2023 Jul 14. PMID: 37449458.

* Pierce DR, McDonald M, Merone L, Becker L, Thompson F, Lewis C, Ryan RYM, Hii SF, Zendejas-Heredia PA, Traub RJ, Field MA, Rahman T, Croese J, Loukas A, McDermott R, Giacomin PR. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37495576/ Effect of experimental hookworm infection on insulin resistance in people at risk of type 2 diabetes]. Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 26;14(1):4503. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40263-4. PMID: 37495576; PMCID: PMC10372076.

* Su CW, Chen CY, Mao T, Chen N, Steudel N, Jiao L, Lan J, Fasano A, Walker WA, Shi HN. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36788341/ Maternal helminth infection protects offspring from high-fat-diet-induced obesity through altered microbiota and SCFAs]. Cell Mol Immunol. 2023 Apr;20(4):389-403. doi: 10.1038/s41423-023-00979-1. Epub 2023 Feb 14. PMID: 36788341; PMCID: PMC10066288.

* Maestas DR Jr, Chung L, Han J, Wang X, Sommerfeld SD, Kelly SH, Moore E, Nguyen HH, Mejías JC, Peña AN, Zhang H, Hooks JST, Chin AF, Andorko JI, Berlinicke CA, Krishnan K, Choi Y, Anderson AE, Mahatme R, Mejia C, Eric M, Woo J, Ganguly S, Zack DJ, Zhao L, Pearce EJ, Housseau F, Pardoll DM, Elisseeff JH. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36780522/ Helminth egg derivatives as proregenerative immunotherapies]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Feb 21;120(8):e2211703120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2211703120. Epub 2023 Feb 13. PMID: 36780522; PMCID: PMC9974432.

* Peng J, Sy CB, Ponessa JJ, Lemenze AD, Hernandez CM, Inclan-Rico JM, Sawhney A, Federman HG, Chavan K, Espinosa V, Kotenko SV, Rivera A, Siracusa MC. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36070344/ Monocytes maintain central nervous system homeostasis following helminth-induced inflammation]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Sep 13;119(37):e2201645119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2201645119. Epub 2022 Sep 7. PMID: 36070344; PMCID: PMC9478671.

* Michla M, Wilhelm C. Food for thought - [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36045216/ ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections]. Mucosal Immunol. 2022 Jun;15(6):1234-1242. doi: 10.1038/s41385-022-00559-y. Epub 2022 Aug 31. PMID: 36045216; PMCID: PMC9705246.

* Loke P, Lee SC, Oyesola OO. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35732819/ Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome]. Mucosal Immunol. 2022 Jun;15(6):1224-1233. doi: 10.1038/s41385-022-00532-9. Epub 2022 Jun 22. PMID: 35732819.

* Shinoda K, Choe A, Hirahara K, Kiuchi M, Kokubo K, Ichikawa T, Hoki JS, Suzuki AS, Bose N, Appleton JA, Aroian RV, Schroeder FC, Sternberg PW, Nakayama T. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35210367/ Nematode ascarosides attenuate mammalian type 2 inflammatory responses]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Mar 1;119(9):e2108686119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2108686119. PMID: 35210367; PMCID: PMC8892368.

* Douglas B, Oyesola O, Cooper MM, Posey A, Tait Wojno E, Giacomin PR, Herbert DR. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33646858/ Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths]. Annu Rev Immunol. 2021 Apr 26;39:639-665. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-122827. Epub 2021 Mar 1. PMID: 33646858; PMCID: PMC8162934.

* Zhang B, Gems D. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526169/ Gross ways to live long: Parasitic worms as an anti-inflammaging therapy?] Elife. 2021 Feb 2;10:e65180. doi: 10.7554/eLife.65180. PMID: 33526169; PMCID: PMC7853715.

* Panelli S, Epis S, Cococcioni L, Perini M, Paroni M, Bandi C, Drago L, Zuccotti GV. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32480001/ Inflammatory bowel diseases, the hygiene hypothesis and the other side of the microbiota: Parasites and fungi]. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Sep;159:104962. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104962. Epub 2020 May 30. PMID: 32480001.

* Shimokawa C, Kato T, Takeuchi T, Ohshima N, Furuki T, Ohtsu Y, Suzue K, Imai T, Obi S, Olia A, Izumi T, Sakurai M, Arakawa H, Ohno H, Hisaeda H. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32321922/ CD8+ regulatory T cells are critical in prevention of autoimmune-mediated diabetes]. Nat Commun. 2020 Apr 22;11(1):1922. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15857-x. PMID: 32321922; PMCID: PMC7176710.

* Maizels RM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31187881/ Regulation of immunity and allergy by helminth parasites]. Allergy. 2020 Mar;75(3):524-534. doi: 10.1111/all.13944. Epub 2019 Jul 18. PMID: 31187881.

* Campbell L, Hepworth MR, Whittingham-Dowd J, Thompson S, Bancroft AJ, Hayes KS, Shaw TN, Dickey BF, Flamar AL, Artis D, Schwartz DA, Evans CM, Roberts IS, Thornton DJ, Grencis RK. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31582416/ ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites]. J Exp Med. 2019 Dec 2;216(12):2714-2723. doi: 10.1084/jem.20180610. Epub 2019 Oct 3. PMID: 31582416; PMCID: PMC6888984.

* Gurven MD, Finch CE, Wann LS. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659774/ Are intestinal worms nature's anti-atherosclerosis vaccine?] Eur Heart J. 2018 May 7;39(18):1653. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy129. PMID: 29659774.

* Jang JC, Li J, Gambini L, Batugedara HM, Sati S, Lazar MA, Fan L, Pellecchia M, Nair MG. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29133417/ Human resistin protects against endotoxic shock by blocking LPS-TLR4 interaction]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Nov 28;114(48):E10399-E10408. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1716015114. Epub 2017 Nov 13. PMID: 29133417; PMCID: PMC5715788.

* McFarlane AJ, McSorley HJ, Davidson DJ, Fitch PM, Errington C, Mackenzie KJ, Gollwitzer ES, Johnston CJC, MacDonald AS, Edwards MR, Harris NL, Marsland BJ, Maizels RM, Schwarze J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196762/ Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota]. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Oct;140(4):1068-1078.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.016. Epub 2017 Feb 11. PMID: 28196762; PMCID: PMC6485385.

* Savage N. [https://doi.org/10.1038/540S103a Q&A: Joel Weinstock]. Nature. 2016 Dec 21;540(7634):S103. doi: 10.1038/540S103a. PMID: 28002396.

* Loukas A, Hotez PJ, Diemert D, Yazdanbakhsh M, McCarthy JS, Correa-Oliveira R, Croese J, Bethony JM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929101/ Hookworm infection]. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Dec 8;2:16088. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.88. PMID: 27929101.

* Maizels RM, McSorley HJ. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27476889/ Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites]. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Sep;138(3):666-675. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.007. Epub 2016 Jul 29. PMID: 27476889; PMCID: PMC5010150.

* Chen Z, Andreev D, Oeser K, Krljanac B, Hueber A, Kleyer A, Voehringer D, Schett G, Bozec A. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27273006/ Th2 and eosinophil responses suppress inflammatory arthritis]. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 7;7:11596. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11596. PMID: 27273006; PMCID: PMC4899615.

* Ramanan D, Bowcutt R, Lee SC, Tang MS, Kurtz ZD, Ding Y, Honda K, Gause WC, Blaser MJ, Bonneau RA, Lim YA, Loke P, Cadwell K. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27080105/ Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity]. Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):608-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3229. Epub 2016 Apr 14. PMID: 27080105; PMCID: PMC4905769.

* Williamson LL, McKenney EA, Holzknecht ZE, Belliveau C, Rawls JF, Poulton S, Parker W, Bilbo SD. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26162711/ Got worms? Perinatal exposure to helminths prevents persistent immune sensitization and cognitive dysfunction induced by early-life infection]. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Jan;51:14-28. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.006. Epub 2015 Jul 7. PMID: 26162711. [https://laurenlwilliamson.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/williamson-et-al-2016-helminths.pdf pdf].

* Wammes LJ, Mpairwe H, Elliott AM, Yazdanbakhsh M. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24981042/ Helminth therapy or elimination: epidemiological, immunological, and clinical considerations]. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Nov;14(11):1150-1162. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70771-6. Epub 2014 Jun 26. PMID: 24981042.

* Weinstock JV. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23135449/ Autoimmunity: The worm returns]. Nature. 2012 Nov 8;491(7423):183-5. doi: 10.1038/491183a. PMID: 23135449; PMCID: PMC3744107.

* McSorley HJ, Maizels RM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23034321/ Helminth infections and host immune regulation]. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012 Oct;25(4):585-608. doi: 10.1128/CMR.05040-11. PMID: 23034321; PMCID: PMC3485755.

* Hussaarts L, van der Vlugt LE, Yazdanbakhsh M, Smits HH. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21684587/ Regulatory B-cell induction by helminths: implications for allergic disease]. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Oct;128(4):733-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.012. PMID: 21684587.

* Broadhurst MJ, Leung JM, Kashyap V, McCune JM, Mahadevan U, McKerrow JH, Loke P. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21123809/ IL-22+ CD4+ T cells are associated with therapeutic trichuris trichiura infection in an ulcerative colitis patient]. Sci Transl Med. 2010 Dec 1;2(60):60ra88. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001500. PMID: 21123809. ([https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Png_Loke/publication/49650965_IL-22_CD4_T_Cells_Are_Associated_with_Therapeutic_Trichuris_trichiura_Infection_in_an_Ulcerative_Colitis_Patient/links/00b7d535585b829413000000.pdf Full PDF version])

* Harnett W, Harnett MM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20224568/ Helminth-derived immunomodulators: can understanding the worm produce the pill?] Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Apr;10(4):278-84. doi: 10.1038/nri2730. Epub 2010 Mar 12. PMID: 20224568.

* Cooper PJ, Chico ME, Vaca MG, Moncayo AL, Bland JM, Mafla E, Sanchez F, Rodrigues LC, Strachan DP, Griffin GE. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16698413/ Effect of albendazole treatments on the prevalence of atopy in children living in communities endemic for geohelminth parasites: a cluster-randomised trial]. Lancet. 2006 May 13;367(9522):1598-603. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68697-2. PMID: 16698413.

* Croese J, O'neil J, Masson J, Cooke S, Melrose W, Pritchard D, Speare R. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16344586/ A proof of concept study establishing Necator americanus in Crohn's patients and reservoir donors]. Gut. 2006 Jan;55(1):136-7. doi: 10.1136/gut.2005.079129. PMID: 16344586; PMCID: PMC1856386.

* Summers RW, Elliott DE, Urban JF Jr, Thompson R, Weinstock JV. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1774382/ Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn's disease]. Gut. 2005 Jan;54(1):87-90. doi: 10.1136/gut.2004.041749. PMID: 15591509; PMCID: PMC1774382.

* Gale EA. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032638/ A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis?] Diabetologia. 2002 Apr;45(4):588-94. doi: 10.1007/s00125-002-0801-1. Epub 2002 Mar 26. PMID: 12032638.

* Turton JA. [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/f/fd/Letter_-_IgE%2C_parasites%2C_and_allergy_%28Turton%29.pdf Letter: IgE, parasites, and allergy]. Lancet. 1976 Sep 25;2(7987):686. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92492-2. PMID: 60540.

== Further reading ==
Many other pages contain further research papers and articles relevant to their title's subject, for example the following.

* [[Helminths and the gut microbiota | '''Helminths and the gut microbiota''']]
* [[Deworming debunked | '''Deworming debunked''']]
* [[Helminthic therapy for well people | '''Helminthic therapy for well people''']]

Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)

2026-04-06T12:45:27Z

Jlm: /* Scientific papers */

{{Breadcrumb|[[Effects_of_helminthic_therapy|Effects of helminthic therapy]]}}
{{Breadcrumb|[[Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases|Autoimmune diseases]]}}
{{SEO 
|title=Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=}}
== The scientific evidence ==
=== Selected scientific papers ===

* 2025 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950041/ Helminth infection induces neuroimmune remodeling and clinical remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12424815/ Full text]
:{{Quote|indent}}Fettig et al. demonstrate that infection with the helminth Trichinella spiralis elicits rapid recruitment and sustained presence of Th2 cells in the central nervous system where they modify microglia function and are implicated in resolving autoimmune-mediated paralysis and neuroinflammation.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://www.clinicsearchonline.org/uploads/articles/1731131807IJBR-RA-69-Galley_Proof.pdf Helminth infection and Multiple Sclerosis] (PDF)
:{{Quote|indent}}Clinical studies have shown that Trichuris suis ova (TSO) are a non-pathogenic in human subjects and could be a potential alternative treatment for Multiple Sclerosis patients.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747061/ Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/pdf/eoac009.pdf PDF].
::A narrative review of the literature on MS and the microbiota included consideration of how the re-introduction of complex eukaryotic symbionts, especially helminths and protists, halts the progression of RRMS by direct modulation of the host immune system, providing conclusive evidence to support the idea that the loss of eukaryotic symbionts is ''the'' pivotal evolutionary mismatch that underlies the pathogenesis and progression of MS.

* 2021 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853585/ Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/pdf/12915_2021_Article_1003.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}Overall, our data lend support to the hypothesis of a contributory role of parasite-associated alterations in gut microbial composition to the immune-modulatory properties of hookworm parasites.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2017 Mar [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28030334 Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model] (TSO)
:{{Quote|indent}}... parenteral administration of T. suis-derived products results in a skewing of the immune response with a significant impact on disease severity in a CNS inflammatory disease model.{{Quote|/indent}}

* ✅ 2015 Apr 18 [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]]. (Full text PDF)
::This socio-medical study revealed that the human hookworm, Necator americanus (NA), is extremely effective as a treatment for MS, with a success rate of approximately 50% for the progressive forms of the disease (PPMS and SPMS), and more than 90% for the relapsing-remitting form (RRMS).

* ✅ 2007 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230481 Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis] -- [[media:Association_Between_Parasite_Infection_and_Immune_Responses_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_.pdf | PDF]]
::Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070117091058.htm] and the BBC. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6268585.stm]).
::In 2007, Correale and Farez demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis who were accidentally colonised by one or more of a variety of helminth species experienced a reduced number of disease exacerbations compared with patients who were helminth-free. This was the first study to explore the effect of helminth colonisation on immune response and the natural course of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It showed that RRMS progressed much more slowly in patients who hosted intestinal worms.

=== Scientific papers ===

* 2026 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41935913/ The evolutionary origins of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0035378726004960 Full text] (Online ahead of print)

* 2026 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41813890/ Facile induction of immune tolerance by an interleukin-2-TGFβ surrogate agonist] (Nature)

* 2025 Oct 19 [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421.html A comparative study on Echinococcus granulosus and curcumin therapeutic effect in mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421_fdaa116e0fdfcad8b6d56bf7df883357.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950041/ Helminth infection induces neuroimmune remodeling and clinical remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12424815/ Full text]
:{{Quote|indent}}Fettig et al. demonstrate that infection with the helminth Trichinella spiralis elicits rapid recruitment and sustained presence of Th2 cells in the central nervous system where they modify microglia function and are implicated in resolving autoimmune-mediated paralysis and neuroinflammation.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2025 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048880/ Toxocara canis-originated recombinant C-type lectin improves the disability scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in murine in vivo models]

* 2025 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40265426/ Modulation of the Inflammatory Signature in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model through Treatment with Fasciola hepatica-Derived Recombinant Fatty Acid Binding Protein (rFh15)] -- [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4657414 Full text]

* 2025 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39950309/ An immunoregulatory amphipathic peptide derived from Fasciola hepatica helminth defense molecule (FhHDM-1.C2) exhibits potent biotherapeutic activity in a murine model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/pdf/FSB2-39-e70380.pdf PDF] (see [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/applied-molecular-parasitology-lab-ampl-dalton-lab_biotherapeutics-immunemodulation-healthinnovation-activity-7302379555372052483-kkzP/ Linkedin post])

* 2025 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39963417/ Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis]

* 2024 Feb 24 [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/c238d0b9-d1eb-4460-948c-88d0bc31e42a Impact of B cell secreted factors on myelin in progressive multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://www.clinicsearchonline.org/uploads/articles/1731131807IJBR-RA-69-Galley_Proof.pdf Helminth infection and Multiple Sclerosis] (PDF)

* 2024 Aug 1 [https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.172249515.54772764 Amelioration of Clinical Scores in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Model through Expansion of Regulat] (Preprint)

* 2024 Jan 29 [https://www.corpuspublishers.com/article-info/therapeutic-administration-of-trichuris--suis-ova-as-alternative-treatment-of--multiple-sclerosis%3A-a-mini-review-808 Therapeutic Administration of Trichuris Suis Ova as Alternative Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review]

* 2024 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38250940/ Modulatory Effects of Hydatid Cyst Fluid on a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/pdf/vetsci-11-00034.pdf PDF]

* 2024 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128238486000038 Effect of infections on multiple sclerosis] (chapter of Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis)
{{Expando|100+ scientific papers (Tap to expand / minimize)}}
* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37718988/ The immunomodulatory effects of the C-type lectin protein of Toxocara canis on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2023 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36582052/ Antigen B modulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2023 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836678/ Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/pdf/life-13-00321.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36054460/ Evaluation of the immunoregulatory effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EAE model]

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747061/ Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/pdf/eoac009.pdf PDF].
::A narrative review of the literature on MS and the microbiota included consideration of how the re-introduction of complex eukaryotic symbionts, especially helminths and protists, halts the progression of RRMS by direct modulation of the host immune system, providing conclusive evidence to support the idea that the loss of eukaryotic symbionts is ''the'' pivotal evolutionary mismatch that underlies the pathogenesis and progression of MS.

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197631/ Interleukin-35 is a critical regulator of immunity during helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517594/ Full text]

* 2021 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34691057/ Crosstalk of Microorganisms and Immune Responses in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: A Focus on Regulatory T Cells]

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33964315/ Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products downregulate MMP-9 in Dark Agouti rats affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2021 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853585/ Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/pdf/12915_2021_Article_1003.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579723/ Helminth Imprinting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Sustains Anti-Inflammatory Trained Innate Immunity That Attenuates Autoimmune Disease]

* 2021 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33993100/ The fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) decreases the clinical signs and modulates immune responses in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576921003921 Full text]

* 2021 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33572978/ The Worm-Specific Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Controlled Trichuris suis Ova Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/101/htm Full text]

* 2021 [https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:4f7dd64 Investigating the mechanism of action of a novel therapeutic derived from parasitic worms in animal models of multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2021 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/tara8/server/api/core/bitstreams/a24ea8c3-9823-4508-9969-252df2ee9508/content Helminth products promote anti-inflammatory trained innate immunity by imprinting long-term hematopoietic stem cells] (Thesis)

* 2020 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347509/ GAS6 signaling tempers Th17 development in patients with multiple sclerosis and helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/pdf/ppat.1009176.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32920871/ Dicrocoelium ova can block the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12792 Full text] ([https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-17288/v1 preprint version Mars 16])
:{{Quote|indent}}Dicrocoelium eggs have a great potential to stimulate immunomodulation towards treatment of EAE during the initial phase.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2020 Sept 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117327/ The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/pdf/fimmu-11-01830.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938979/ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with changes of the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract]

* 2020 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32872342/ An Absence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation and Associations with Disease Activity in People with Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Therapeutic Hookworm Vaccination] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/487/htm Full text]

* 2020 May 1 [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/204/1_Supplement/143.6/63767/Helminth-induced-modulation-of-neuroinflammation Helminth-induced modulation of neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517884/ Antibodies in sera from multiple sclerosis patients recognize Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigens]

* 2020 Jan-Feb [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32123528 Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis About Helminth Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041615 Full text]

* 2020 Jan 23 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31971074 A critical analysis of helminth immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 [https://www.jfi-online.org/index.php/jfi/article/view/49 Immunoregulation of Multiple Sclerosis by Helminth Therapy: A Literature Review]

* 2019 Oct 24 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683117 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2019 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683117/ Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2019 Jul 12 [https://repozitorij.unizg.hr/object/mef:2442 Uloga infekcija u multiploj sklerozi] | [https://repozitorij.mef.unizg.hr/object/mef:2442/FILE0 PDF] (Croatian, Master)

* 2019 Jul-Dec [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31579670 The endosymbiotic role of intestinal helminths in multiple sclerosis: Promising probiotic hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6767793/ Full text]

* 2019 Jul [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/1d1de1e4-4323-42fc-8e8f-2be2c5bf04c5 Modulation of immune responses by Fasciola hepatica-derived products] (Thesis)

* 2019 Apr 23 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31016721 Helminths products directly modulate T cells that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2018 Sep 12 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/102344 Paraziti a roztroušená skleróza: spouštěči onemocnění, nebo nástroj terapie?] (Bachelor thesis, Czech)

* 2017 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29163523/ Interleukin-5 Mediates Parasite-Induced Protection against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Association with Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/pdf/fimmu-08-01453.pdf PDF]

* 2017 Nov [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29068485 Is the hygiene hypothesis relevant for the risk of multiple sclerosis?]

* 2018 Oct 17 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30336585 Failure of the Anti-Inflammatory Parasitic Worm Product ES-62 to Provide Protection in Mouse Models of Type I Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2669/htm Full text]

* 2018 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Reham-Brakat/publication/342365437_Soluble_Tachyzoite_Antigen_Immunization_Can_Protect_Mice_from_Experimental_Autoimmune_Encephalomyelitis_Via_Induction_of_programmed_death-1/links/5ef10d1992851ce9e7fcaed6/Soluble-Tachyzoite-Antigen-Immunization-Can-Protect-Mice-from-Experimental-Autoimmune-Encephalomyelitis-Via-Induction-of-programmed-death-1.pdf Soluble Tachyzoite Antigen Immunization Can Protect Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Via Induction of programmed death-1]

* 2018 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/71a2e89a-875f-48f4-9bc3-d4d793f2b96c Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2017 Oct 13 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29027962 Novel Therapeutics for Multiple Sclerosis Designed by Parasitic Worms] -- [http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/10/2141/htm Full text]

* 2017 Oct 3 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28975357 The Effects of Intestinal Nematode L4 Stage on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis]

* 2017 Oct 1 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29064315 Safety and efficacy of helminth treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of the HINT 2 clinical trial] -- [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1352458517736377 PDF]
::This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.

* 2017 Sep [http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/ Human herpes virus antibody levels in helminth treated and placebo controlled multiple sclerosis patients] | [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/1/MRES%20thesis%20P%20A%20C%20Maple%2030.12.2017.pdf] (thesis)

* 2017 Fall [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948806 Toxocara spp. seronegativity in Czech patients with early form of multiple sclerosis - clinically isolated syndrome]

* 2017 Jun 28 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28744067 Helminth Products Potently Modulate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Downregulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting a Suppressive Microenvironment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/pdf/MI2017-8494572.pdf PDF])

* 2017 Jun 13 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28638627 Environmental factors influencing multiple sclerosis in Latin America] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/pdf/10.1177_2055217317715049.pdf PDF]

* 2017 Mar [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28030334 Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model] (TSO)

* 2017 Jan 17 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28094319 Helminth-induced Ly6Chi monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40814 Full text] | [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep40814 PDF]

* 2017 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28069755/ Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Autoimmunity in the Central Nervous System] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/198/2/596/106297/Influence-of-the-Gut-Microbiome-on-Autoimmunity-in Full text]

* 2017 [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/212bf6d0-3b5c-4052-88bd-6009f0480d77/content Using a parasite derived peptide to prevent immune-mediated demyelination] (Conference)

* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/02e12501-59a3-43f0-8952-017cc8effe2f Efecto del antígeno secretado/excretado de alto peso molecular por Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, spanish)

* 2016 Nov 24 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27883079 A parasite-derived 68-mer peptide ameliorates autoimmune disease in murine models of Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep37789 Full text] | [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep37789 PDF]

* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27256565/ Depletion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells confers susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in GM-CSF-deficient Csf2-/- mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/27256565/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014742/ PDF]

* 2026 Jun 28 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/17936 Exploration of helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules as options for therapeutic intervention in allograft rejection and autoimmune disease] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/17936/Johnston2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis, Edinburgh)

* 2016 May 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_11 Intestinal Parasites and Immunomodulation in Neuroinflammatory Disease] (chapter of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology)

* 2016 Mar 10 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965184 Immune-regulatory mechanisms of classical and experimental multiple sclerosis drugs: a special focus on helminth-derived treatments]

* 2016 Jan 21 [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10601333.2016.1210159 Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships] | [[media:Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships.pdf | PDF]]

* 2016 Sept 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579126/ Acute Strongyloides venezuelensis infection did not prevent EAE development: implications for hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.msptm.org/files/Vol33No3/526-534-Sartori-A.pdf PDF]

* 2015 Dec 16 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26673140 Helminth Products Protect against Autoimmunity via Innate Type 2 Cytokines IL-5 and IL-33, Which Promote Eosinophilia]

* 2015 Nov [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698173 Trichuris suis ova therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis is safe but without signals of beneficial effect]
::This study used a treatment period of only 12 weeks, which is inadequate when assessing the efficacy of helminths, and it also used a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO above pH4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.

* 2015 Jul 25 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26205402 Trichuris suis induces human non-classical patrolling monocytes via the mannose receptor and PKC: implications for multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/pdf/40478_2015_Article_223.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* ✅ 2015 Apr 18 [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]]. (Full text PDF)
::This socio-medical study revealed that the human hookworm, Necator americanus (NA), is extremely effective as a treatment for MS, with a success rate of approximately 50% for the progressive forms of the disease (PPMS and SPMS), and more than 90% for the relapsing-remitting form (RRMS).

* 2015 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046559 Multiple sclerosis and environmental factors: the role of vitamin D, parasites, and Epstein-Barr virus infection]

* 2014 Dec 4 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25472634 Helminth Therapy for MS] (multiple sclerosis)

* 2014 Nov [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981042 Helminth therapy or elimination: epidemiological, immunological, and clinical considerations]

* 2014 Oct 15 [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(14)00465-2/abstract Effects of soluble helminth components on human monocytes and macrophages in neuroinflammation].
:{{Quote|indent}}Overall, our data reveal a potent anti-inflammatory effect of soluble products of T. suis on human myeloid cells, thereby providing increased mechanistic insight into the therapeutical potential of this helminth for MS patients.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2014 Jun [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744099 Helminth/Parasite treatment of multiple sclerosis]

* 2014 Apr 29 - TSO PH5 - HINT 2 - [http://www.neurology.org/content/82/10_Supplement/P3.149 Clinical Trial of Helminth-induced Immunomodulatory Therapy (HINT 2) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.149)] (TSO).
::This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
::('''NB''' the phase 1 (HINT1 with TSO PH 2.3 was successfull: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21372112/ Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/pdf/nihms536054.pdf PDF])

* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25015286/ Regulatory B cells, helminths, and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-1161-5_18 Full text] (Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology)

* 2013 Dec 19 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24351232 Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) in multiple sclerosis patients with Trichuris suis ova therapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/pdf/parasite-20-55.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2013 Oct 1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975865 Parasite infections in multiple sclerosis modulate immune responses through a retinoic acid-dependent pathway] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.full.pdf PDF]

* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23307236/ Application of dendritic cells stimulated with Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00430-012-0286-6 Full text]

* 2013 April 25 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23782752 Trichuris suis ova in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome (TRIOMS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/ Full text] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/pdf/1745-6215-14-112.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227936/ Immunomodulatory effects of helminths and protozoa in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12023 Full text]

* 2013 Mar [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298637 Helminth therapy and multiple sclerosis] -- [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003153 Full text]

* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/7db144c3-cd42-4212-b7de-6a4f14d2c854 Immune modulation by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/394dd174-f6f1-4655-b2ba-d75137bf7606 Immunomodulatory activity of products from the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)

* 2012 Oct [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22898371 Heligmosomoides polygyrus: EAE remission is correlated with different systemic cytokine profiles provoked by L4 and adult nematodes]

* 2012 Sept [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838960 Immune monitoring of Trichuris suis egg therapy in multiple sclerosis patients] (TSO in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS))

* 2012 Aug 24 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937527 Does helminth activation of toll-like receptors modulate immune response in multiple sclerosis patients?] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/pdf/fcimb-02-00112.pdf PDF]

* 2012 Jun [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22482518 Soluble helminth products suppress clinical signs in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and differentially modulate human dendritic cell activation]

* 2012 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509512/ Alternative therapies: Desperate measures] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11099 Full text] (Nature)

* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22264636/ Immune modulation by Lacto-N-fucopentaose III in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/pdf/nihms346981.pdf]

* 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22047987/ Neuroprotective potential beyond immunoregulation of helminth infection as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987711005147 Full text]

* 2011 Oct [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980148 The impact of environmental infections (parasites) on MS activity]

* 2011 Apr [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295861 Helminths and multiple sclerosis: will old friends give us new treatments for MS?] (No abstract)

* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477142/ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution was not modified by multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01279.x Full text]

* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21185554/ Taenia crassiceps infection abrogates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000887491000290X?via%3Dihub Full text].
:{{Quote|indent}}The Taenia crassiceps-induced immune regulation decreased experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity by dampening T cell activation, proliferation and migration to the CNS.{{Quote|/indent}}

* 2011 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/ddbe0211-0bc9-462e-ab90-2c32306f211e Inmunoregulación por el céstodo Taenia Crassiceps y su efecto sobre el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2010 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20661746/ Infection of non-encapsulated species of Trichinella ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis involving suppression of Th17 and Th1 response] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-010-1985-9 Full text]

* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20306466/ Helminth-induced CD19+CD23hi B cells modulate experimental allergic and autoimmune inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/pdf/eji0040-1682.pdf PDF]

* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20500676/ Mechanisms of modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by chronic Trichinella spiralis infection in Dark Agouti rats] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01207.x Full text]

* 2010 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Mechanisms_Involved_in_Type_II_Macrophage_Activation_and_Effector_Functions/16973755?file=31397923 Mechanisms Involved in Type II Macrophage Activation and Effector Functions] (Master, Malaghan)

* 2009 Nov 1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812189 Helminth antigens modulate immune responses in cells from multiple sclerosis patients through TLR2-dependent mechanisms] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.full.pdf PDF]

* 2009 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587018/ Infection with a Helminth Parasite Attenuates Autoimmunity through TGF-β-Mediated Suppression of Th17 and Th1 Responses] -- [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.long Full text] | [http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.full.pdf PDF]

* 2009 Mar 5 [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01470521?term=WIRMS&rank=1 Worms for Immune Regulation of Multiple Sclerosis (WIRMS)]
::Proposal for the first Phase 2 trial using a controlled number of Necator americanus in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. (Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090304091818.htm] and the Mail Online. [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2108228/Parasitic-worms-offer-hope-cure-multiple-sclerosis.html?ito=feeds-newsxml]) (NA)

* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20477636/ Parasite immunomodulation in autoimmune disease: focus on multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/eci.09.39 Full text]

* 2009 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/254d42ef-7bb3-4b3d-8e2f-46d207221bd3 Regulatory T cell induction and function] (Thesis)

* 2008 Aug [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18655096 Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells]

* 2008 Jul [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18578001 The role of regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis]

* 2008 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18226814/ Trichinella spiralis: modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489407003141?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2008 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18207251 Soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma japonicum modulates the progression of chronic progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via Th2-shift response]

* 2007 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18209931/ Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development in Lewis rats from a conventional animal facility] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/YP6HmL6fSnbZkKSqSdYGvhz/?lang=en Full text]

* ✅ 2007 Feb [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230481 Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis] -- [[media:Association_Between_Parasite_Infection_and_Immune_Responses_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_.pdf | PDF]]
::Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070117091058.htm] and the BBC. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6268585.stm]).
::In 2007, Correale and Farez demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis who were accidentally colonised by one or more of a variety of helminth species experienced a reduced number of disease exacerbations compared with patients who were helminth-free. This was the first study to explore the effect of helminth colonisation on immune response and the natural course of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It showed that '''RRMS progressed much more slowly in patients who hosted intestinal worms'''.

* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17499858/ Paralysis of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell response in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(07)00123-3/abstract Full text]

* 2006 Dec 12 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17159130 Multiple sclerosis and the hygiene hypothesis]

* 2005 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16183661/ Role of return migration in the emergence of multiple sclerosis in the French West Indies]

* 2004 Nov [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/592d17b9-4d83-4ed2-949b-9fd06bb2440f Hygiene hypothesis-helminth infection and immune regulation] (Thesis, Edinburgh)

* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486632/ Schistosomiasis protects against multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/57rccxQr5bndK9xbnNLYfwq/?lang=en&format=html Full text]

* 2003 Sept [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12933842 Schistosomiasis decreases central nervous system inflammation and alters the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/ Full text] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/pdf/0223.pdf PDF]

* 2003 Jan [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12502726 Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by helminth ova immunization] -- [http://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.long Full text] | [http://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.full.pdf PDF]

* 2002 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12008041/ Immunoregulation of CNS autoimmunity by helminth and mycobacterial infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165247802000251?via%3Dihub Full text]

'''Ongoing research projects:'''

* 2023-2026 - [https://mscanada.ca/ms-research/our-research-program/research-studies-we-fund/leveraging-helminth-infection-to-limit Leveraging helminth infection to limit neuroinflammation in MS] (Dr. Lisa Osborne, University of British Columbia)

'''See also''' (not directly related)

* 2026 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41529217/ Interleukin-9 Regulates NF-kB-Mediated Activation of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Brain]
* 2026 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41680537/ Innate lymphoid cells: unsung heroes or villains in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis?]
* 2025 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41341415/ Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hsr2.71564 Full text]
* 2025 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41268269/ The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries]
* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38446328/ Involvement of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis-review of a new pathophysiological hypothesis and potential treatment target]
* 2024 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39169949/ Interleukin-10 contrasts inflammatory synaptopathy and central neurodegenerative damage in multiple sclerosis]
* 2024 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39082295/ Changes in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Based on 16s rRNA Gene Sequencing Technology: A Review and Meta-Analysis]
* 2024 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38051890/ Gut flora in multiple sclerosis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment]
* 2024 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38745307/ Interleukin-9 protects from microglia- and TNF-mediated synaptotoxicity in experimental multiple sclerosis]
* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38880650/ Microglia and Dendritic Cells as a Source of IL-6 in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2023 Aug 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37600781/ Under the influence: environmental factors as modulators of neuroinflammation through the IL-10/IL-10R axis]
* 2023 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36300567/ Cell therapy procedure using anti-inflammatory macrophage M2 can potentially reduce Clinical Score in animals with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis study]
* 2023 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768183/ Role of Microglial Cells in the Pathophysiology of MS: Synergistic or Antagonistic?]
* 2022 May 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35627315/ Gut Microbiota as a Potential Predictive Biomarker in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2022 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35327624/ Multiple Sclerosis and Microbiome]
* 2022 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35094961/ Alterations of host-gut microbiome interactions in multiple sclerosis]
* 2022 Jan-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36184742/ Myeloid-derived suppressor cells prevent disruption of the gut barrier, preserve microbiota composition, and potentiate immunoregulatory pathways in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2022 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35931825/ The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis]
* 2021 Dec 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34926318/ Curcumin β-D-Glucuronide Modulates an Autoimmune Model of Multiple Sclerosis with Altered Gut Microbiota in the Ileum and Feces]
* 2021 Nov 29 [https://open.fau.de/items/3f1ac799-11f9-4729-bea9-a538cf5f89dc Die Wirkung von Propionat auf die Laurat-vermittelte Exazerbation der Neuroinflammation] (Thesis, Erlangen-Nürnberg, German)
* 2021 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33775860/ Direct and indirect effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis]
* 2021 May 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33975914/ Perturbed Microbiota/Immune Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis]
* 2021 [http://hdl.handle.net/10451/47932 MicroRNA determinants of the balance between effector and regulatory CD4+ T cells] (Thesis, Lisbon)
* 2020 Sep [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/bn999c31n?locale=en Regulation of immune system homeostasis by vitamin D signaling:implications for the central nervous system] (Thesis, McGill)
* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32162850/ Gut microbiome variation is associated to Multiple Sclerosis phenotypic subtypes]
* 2019 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31888483/ Primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a Russian cohort: relationship with gut bacterial diversity]
* 2017 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27189037/ Behavioral assessment of neuropathic pain, fatigue, and anxiety in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and attenuation by interleukin-10 gene therapy]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27176462/ Gut microbiota in early pediatric multiple sclerosis: a case-control study]
* 2015 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26367776/ Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters]
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25446571/ The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases]
* 2015 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282335/ Neutralizing IL-17 protects the optic nerve from autoimmune pathology and prevents retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2015 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/7a7a77a0-23ba-4e89-9ecf-88f4631518aa The role of T cell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2013 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23664544/ High interleukin-10 expression within the central nervous system may be important for initiation of recovery of Dark Agouti rats from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]
* 2011 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21091909/ Oestrogen-mediated protection of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the absence of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells implicates compensatory pathways including regulatory B cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3044900/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3044900/pdf/imm0132-0340.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20810983/ Discrete TCR repertoires and CDR3 features distinguish effector and Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2944006/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2944006/pdf/nihms226245.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20624940/ Regulatory B cells (B10 cells) and regulatory T cells have independent roles in controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis initiation and late-phase immunopathogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3717968/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3717968/pdf/nihms-495305.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jun 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19428125/ Lack of TIMP-1 increases severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Effects of darbepoetin alfa on TIMP-1 null and wild-type mice]
* 2006 Jul 4 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/da027c2f-fa72-4021-9807-1e15f5a65f48 In vivo und in vitro Immunregulation durch T- und B-Lymphozyten] (Thesis, Humboldt Berlin, German)
* 1996 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8823381/ Cytokines in relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats: persistent mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and absent expression of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta]

Helminths with negative effects

* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36050813/ Toxocara canis infection worsens the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice]
{{Expando}}

For more research on helminths, see [[Helminthic therapy research | '''Helminthic therapy research''']].

=== Clinical Trials and observational studies ===

See [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Multiple sclerosis | '''Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies: Multiple sclerosis''']]

== Comments by researchers ==

{{Quote|indent}}In developed countries, where we are well nourished, worms are potentially good. If I had Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or multiple sclerosis, I would infect myself without hesitation. (Prof Alex Loukas, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine) [https://lifeonus.vhx.tv]{{Quote|/indent}}

For more comments by researchers about helminthic therapy in general, see the following list.

* [[Helminthic therapy research#What researchers say about helminthic therapy | '''What researchers say about helminthic therapy''']]

== Media Coverage ==

* 2019 Aug 30 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-MfF2u5GR0 Helminths for Celiac Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Other Autoimmune Diseases] - Mark Davis (Youtube)
* 2016 Jul 1 [http://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-think-parasitic-worms-could-be-the-key-to-treating-multiple-sclerosis Scientists want to use parasitic worms to treat multiple sclerosis] - Jacinta Bowler, ScienceAlert
* 2016 Apr 11 [http://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2016/04/11/meet-the-parasites-that-might-cure-crohns-disease-ms-and-more/#381fe6722e3f Meet The Parasites That Might Cure Crohn's Disease, MS, And More] - Tirumalai Kamala, Forbes and Quora.
* 2016 [http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319297149?wt_mc=ThirdParty.SpringerLink.3.EPR653.About_eBook Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine: From Research to Policy and Practice.] Ed: Alvergne, Jenkinson and Faurie. This book, which is [https://www.amazon.com/Evolutionary-Thinking-Medicine-Research-Behaviour/dp/3319297147/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1468875756&sr=8-1&keywords=Evolutionary+Thinking+in+Medicine available from Amazon], contains a chapter by Jorge Correale (“Helminth Immunoregulation and Multiple Sclerosis Treatment”) and one by Gabriele Sorci, et al., entitled, “Microbes, Parasites and Immune Diseases” (page 211 in Part VI: Immunology). This latter chapter is available, in full, as a FREE download via a link in the Table of Contents on [http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-29716-3 this page]. (book)
* 2011 Jun 28 [http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304314404576413303666083390 Parasitic Worms May Offer Hope on MS] - Sten Stovall, Wall Street Journal
* 2008 Jul 10 [https://evmedreview.com/pig-worms-and-multiple-sclerosis-the-unintended-consequences-of-hygiene/ Pig worms and multiple sclerosis: the unintended consequences of hygiene] - Stephen Stearns, Evolution and Medicine Review

== The anecdotal evidence ==

* Three annual reports by the same person:
** "... this is the first April I have been attack free." (Link expired)
** "This is my second MS season... attack free!" (Link expired)
** "... its been just over three years since receiving hookworm therapy and... my MS and allergies are still in complete remission!" (Link expired)

* Two reports by a different individual, written nine months apart.
** "In summary I will say that without a doubt it has been a success for me." (Link expired)
** “So far my hookworm experience in fighting my Relapse Remitting MS has been great! I would say awesome even.” (Link expired)

* The following reports were posted by yet another person, nearly three years apart.
** "It has been 3 years since my last relapse. And since I've had hookworms, all left over traces from my last relapse have disappeared completely… I think that the hookworms have stopped any disease activity and that has allowed my brain time to heal… I'm incredibly happy and relieved with the results, and I encourage anyone with MS to get treated with helminths, the sooner the better.” (Link expired)
** “I've been on HT for almost 4 years now, and I still have not had a relapse or any new or active lesions on my yearly MRI's.” (Link expired)

* "I followed Swank/Jelinek's diet when I was diagnosed eight years ago (2003) and I believe the diet made a huge difference for me but the hookworms stopped my ms progression 100%" (Reported to a closed group, Sept 2011)

* "I realized - after a few comments from friends - that I had stopped craving ADD drugs like Vyvanse and Adderall for their sheer energizing effect, stopped drinking – ready for this? – a pot and a half of coffee a day. I had more energy than I have had in something like 15 years. The afternoon fatigue wasn’t there as strongly – still there but reduced in its ability to floor me. I didn’t wake up tired and ready to go back to bed… All in all, I'm a happy girl so far. To have some energy back - not complete but so, so much better - is beyond joyful." (Reported by an MS patient, 4 months after inoculation, in a private discussion, Dec 2011.)

* "… had 3rd top up last week and since then almost symptom free - just slight nerve fatigue towards end of the day." (Reported in a private discussion, Feb 2012)

* "… while my M.S. hasn't disappeared, I've been consistently stronger with no long weak periods, no more daily or every other day elevated temperature leading to falling and exhaustion, and I'm starting to remember what feeling "normal" feels like..." (Link expired)

* "Two months after I took the hookworms, all my MS symptoms vanished. I have not had a relapse or any kind of MS activity since I started hookworm therapy. Every brain MRI that I have had (4 of them) has shown no active lesions and no new lesions. In fact, a few lesions have actually disappeared… As far as I am concerned, hookworm therapy has been a total success so far, and I recommend it to anyone with MS." (Link expired)

* "I am on Necator Americanus starting in September 2007. I reached complete remission in six months. I'm happy to report my MS is still in remission!" (Reported to a closed group, Nov 2012)

* The following two reports are by the same blogger, two years apart.
** “… my MS has pretty much been benign since my initial diagnosis almost 5 years ago; I have still had what I call “ghost symptoms” from time to time. These are not real relapses. They happen when I get overheated or have a fever. The body mimics MS symptoms like tingling in the feet or hands and extreme fatigue. Since my wormies moved in, I’ve experienced none of these. I have been able to be out in the heat of the summer without problems. In a lot of ways, the last 6 months have been absolutely fantastic!” [http://moderndaym.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/hooked-up.html]
** "My MS has been pretty much non-existent. So much so that some days I can almost forget about it… When I take a step back to analyze where I am health wise now as opposed to where I was 2 or more years ago, the results truly have been life changing." [http://moderndaym.blogspot.co.uk/2013/05/still-hooked.html]

* "18 months so far. Nothing to report! All symptoms have disappeared late summer of 2011 and since it's all quiet. Is there anything else to add?" (Reported to a closed group, Jan 2013)

* "My most recent MRI… showed no new disease activity over the last year. Yay! Over the last two years I have made numerous life changes including beginning a disease modifying therapy, helminthic therapy, a transition to a pesco-vegetarian diet, stress reduction techniques, and regular exercise. My doctor is telling me to keep doing the same stuff, including the helminthic therapy." (Reported Mar 2013, two years after diagnosis, following inoculations with a total of 135 hookworm larvae.)

* ☹️ "Since I'm not having the desired effect for my MS from the 230 HW I've been hosting for more than two years, and the 1500 WW I've been hosting for about a year, I'm considering terminating them and trying TSO for a while." (Link expired)

* "Have been inoculated with hookworms since Sept of 2011. Dietary changes were made years ago and I now have been off any MS medication for over 2 months and am feeling and doing very well." (Reported to a closed group, July 2013)

* "Since my second "dose" I can now lift my left leg which I couldn't do before. I actually can walk around without my cane at times. In fact, the other day I was walking around my daughter-in-law's home and my grandson tells me "Grandma, you aren't using your cane". I didn't even realize that I wasn't using it. I can feel that this therapy is working and I am slowly getting stronger. I now feel like I have hope for a better future with being able to function better." (Reported in a private message, July 2013)

* “The more important results were my M.S. results which I have responded very well to. I have not had any symptoms since one month after inoculation…now I do not need MS meds or anything.. They are truly a miracle for me..” (Link expired)

* “Coming up to 3 year anniversary of starting Helminthic therapy. Overall things very good. No significant relapses. Holding down very well paid job and loving it.” (Posted to a closed group, Jan 2014)

* The following reports are all from one individual who was diagnosed in 2012 and has hosted NA since 2013.
** “Had my MRI results this week (after 3 inoculations with NA) and compared them to 2 years ago. My brain lesions have disappeared… I am taking no MS meds, just Paleo diet and 20,000 ius Vitamin D daily. My gait has improved and neurologist tested it this week. I am full of energy and back in full time work.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/614921948563764/?qa_ref=pp&comment_id=673178322738126&offset=0&total_comments=43]
** “All the MRI’s this year (2018) showed no active lesions and no new brain lesions. I have had lots of energy, I am working and even took up Tango! I dance 💃🏻 for hours in 3 inch stilettos 👠!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=1920174818038464&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R3%22%7D] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=1920176598038286&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D]
** “After 7 years of only Helminthic Therapy, I am (still) in remission from MS!!!” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/550484688340824/?comment_id=2503104803078793]
** "Got my results for my 10th year MRI’s. The results from the brain, cervical and thoracic images with and without contrast show no new or active lesions once more! Feeling grateful for my helminth population!!! I have only inoculated with hookworms in all these years. I have had no antibiotics, nor steroids, nor medicine!!! I love my old friends!" [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5591839860871923/]

* ☹️ "Unfortunately, I am not a success story with helminthic therapy. I was diagnosed 20 years ago with RRMS, but my condition has since progressed to SPMS. I had hookworms for about three years. It completely cured my allergies, but my multiple sclerosis did not improve. During the three years, I experimented with many different doses of hookworm and found that my MS symptoms were continuing to progress slowly. In 2012 or 2013, I got a severe stomach bug and had the worst MS attack of my life. After that, I stopped trying HT and continued back onto disease modifying medication." (Via private message.)

* “What a difference a year and 12 hookworms can make! Yesterday I went snowboarding!!!! Woo!!! Last time I tried that was 13 months ago, and it didn't go well. But yesterday went great! Nerve pain in my feet has diminished so I could wear boots. My fatigue and depression have eased. Had no vertigo. I could control my legs and my eyes were rock solid steady. I could wear contact lenses (first time in 1.5 years.) And I could even breathe.” (Link expired)

* “I have very mild MS. I saw total remission with hookworms about 8 years ago, and haven’t had a serious exacerbation since.” [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1862114863844460/?comment_id=1862139977175282&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R1%22%7D]

* “I've also been using NA for MS, and I think it helps quite a bit.” (Link expired)

* “I have had MS for 10 years, and NA for 3 years without any issues. Prior to NA, relapses came every 6-8 months. Now, since the NA, I have not had a relapse. That’s 3 years with greatly reduced symptoms, including pain. I cannot encourage people enough to get on board with this alternative to standard medicine. It can be in addition to your current treatment too.” (Link expired)

* "I have been on HDC for MS for 6 months. I started slowly on 30 HDC every 2 weeks and stayed on this for a few months. I have good weeks and bad weeks with symptoms which relate to the phases in my monthly cycle, and I found my bad weeks were better than I would expect. After developing a new symptom, I stopped the HDC for 6-8 weeks to see if this was causing it. It wasn’t, and I noticed I was worse in the bad phases of my cycle, so I restarted the HDC. Before that, I had got up to 50 HDC every 2 weeks, and I resumed at that dose for a month. Then I increased it to 100 HDC every 2 weeks. I don’t think I’ve found my optimal dose yet, but there is definitely a positive effect happening for me and, yesterday, my osteopath commented on how well I was walking." (Edited from [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5197543453634901/ this post].)

* "My sister in law has MS and RA, and she’s been in remission since getting on NA with a small amount of TSO." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/5927173557338550?comment_id=5929200120469227]

* "I have RRMS. I was in a clinical trial years ago and took TSO. I started with 5 brain lesions and 10 months later had 0. I felt great I was so pleased… Since then I have taken no meds. My MS has only shown one new lesion a few years ago." [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/posts/6053229198066318/]

'''Reporting your own experience'''

To report your personal experience of using helminthic therapy to treat MS, please use our bespoke [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScO0jHIbjDpjuHxqM0bYuM6MrYvra2KQfkjx2cn99ub50tW5Q/viewform '''reporting tool'''].

== The best helminth species to treat MS ==

In 2015, [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf |Cheng et al]], reported that:
{{Quote|indent}}NA is extremely effective at treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, with a success rate exceeding 90%. The success rate for treating progressive multiple sclerosis is less, at about 50% (source: provider interview).{{Quote|/indent}}

This study found a couple of individuals who had used HDC to treat MS. One of them reported a 40% success rate using HDC alone, while the other reported 100% success by combining HDC with NA. Seven NA users with RRMS all reported a 100% success rate, as did someone who combined TSO with NA.

The MS personal stories reported in this wiki are almost exclusively from NA hosts (see, [[Helminthic therapy personal stories#Multiple sclerosis (MS) | '''Helminthic therapy personal stories: MS''']]), so NA is clearly the go-to species for MS. For details of how to use NA, see [[Self-treating with NA |'''Self-treating with NA''']].

==Further reading==

Given that helminthic therapy can take a while to begin producing benefits (occasionally up to 2 years in the case of NA [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/index.php/Hookworm_dosing_and_response#Consistent_improvement_can_begin_anytime_from_3_to_24_months]), it can help to have alternative treatment options to turn to while waiting for the worms to begin to work. The following document contains a wide range of alternative, mostly science-based, natural approaches.

* [[media:Alternative_therapeutic_approaches_for_MS.pdf | '''Alternative therapeutic approaches for MS''']] (PDF)

* 2024 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39329016/ Systematic review of photobiomodulation for multiple sclerosis]

Helminthic therapy research

2026-04-06T12:44:57Z

Jlm: /* 2026 */

{{Breadcrumb}}
{{SEO 
|title=Helminthic therapy research
|description=
|keywords=
|og:image=[[File:wiki.png]]}}
This page lists over 2,000 papers and reports of scientific studies relating to helminthic therapy and closely associated topics such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene_hypothesis Hygiene Hypothesis], the [https://evmedreview.com/?p=103 Old Friends' Hypothesis], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_theory Evolutionary Mismatch Theory] and [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741180 Biome Depletion Theory] / [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133248 Biota Alteration Theory].

There are four organisms being used currently in helminthic therapy.

* Human hookworm, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necator_americanus Necator americanus] (NA)
* Human whipworm, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichuris_trichiura Trichuris trichiura] (TTO)
* Pig whipworm, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichuris_suis Trichuris suis] (TSO)
* Rat tapeworm, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenolepis_diminuta Hymenolepis diminuta] (HDC)

Some of the reports and papers listed below have focussed on the effects of other species of helminth, or molecules derived from them, but all are nevertheless valuable for the insights they provide about the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of helminths.

<div class="toclimit-2">__TOC__</div>

<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA; border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:26px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #BFA3AF;background-color:#F2CEDD;padding-left:8px;"><h2 style = "margin-top:10px;border:0px solid #CEDFF2;">What researchers say about helminthic therapy</h2></div>

The following quotes illustrate the thinking among researchers who have investigated the therapeutic use of living helminths.

{{Quote|indent}}Although some helminths are known to cause disease and have been labeled parasites, it is now clear that some exposure to this class of organisms is necessary for human health. (Bono-Lunn et al) [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10601333.2016.1210159]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}The results strongly support previous indications that helminth therapy can effectively treat a wide range of allergies, autoimmune conditions and neuropsychiatric disorders. (Liu et al) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27240605/]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}What was a costly and sometimes risky venture into the unknown, undertaken by only a few 10 years ago, is rapidly becoming a readily available and well-established resource currently used by thousands of individuals. (Cheng et al, 2015) [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | (PDF)]]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}Although self-treatment with helminths cannot be recommended by medical professionals due to a lack of blinded, placebo controlled trials, neither should it be discouraged since the available evidence suggests that it is beneficial in most cases when practiced by knowledgeable individuals. (Parker and Morey) [https://evmedreview.com/progress-on-reconstituting-the-depleted-biome-to-prevent-immune-disorders/]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}In developed countries, where we are well nourished, worms are potentially good. If I had Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or multiple sclerosis, I would infect myself without hesitation. (Prof Alex Loukas, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine) [https://lifeonus.vhx.tv]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}Some patients with milder disease or more inclined for natural treatments may consider this as an option. (Prof Constantinescu, Nottingham University, commenting about Multiple Sclerosis.) [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200618150223.htm]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}All immunocompetent humans need regular exposure to helminths in order to maintain optimal immune function and avoid risk for inflammation-associated disease… access to helminths is a basic human need. (Smyth et al) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29064448]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}We need to embrace the view that helminths are a necessary component of the ecosystem of a healthy body, and that helminths should be cultivated for population-wide biota restoration. (Villeneuve et al) [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457917301855?via%3Dihub]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}Biome reconstitution… holds a promise for exposure of all individuals to naturally occurring organisms or selected variants of those organisms in a way that is required for human health. Such exposure must be considered a fundamental human right worthy of government support rather than an option for pharmaceutical development. (Parker and Ollerton) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24481190]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}In some not too distant futurity, there may come a day when we all take ‘helminth supplements’ along with our Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins, and whatever else goes to make up a modern balanced diet. (Zaccone et al) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965287]{{Quote|/indent}}

{{Quote|indent}}Twenty years from now everybody is going to have a helminth, and no insurance company will begin to cover you if you don’t have your helminths. We’re very confident in the science, that every single human being needs a helminth. It’s part of our biology. (Prof William Parker) [https://web.archive.org/web/20221227042743/https://centerforhealthjournalism.org/fellowships/projects/hooked-hookworms-and-other-parasites]{{Quote|/indent}}
</div>

<div style="background-color:#F5FAFF; border: 1px solid #CEDFF2; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:26px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #A3B0BF;background-color:#CEDFF2;padding-left:8px;"><h2 style = "margin-top:10px;border:0px solid #CEDFF2;">Reading packet</h2></div>
These selected papers provide a good overview of the potential of helminthic therapy and would be suitable resources to include in a reading packet to be given to a doctor or other medical professional, or to someone who is unaware of the evidence and rationale for helminthic therapy. The first three papers provide validation for the practice of self-treatment with helminths.

* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576921002063?via%3Dihub Socio-medical studies of individuals self-treating with helminths provide insight into clinical trial design for assessing helminth therapy] (2022)<br>This study's findings suggested that information gathered by the helminthic therapy self-treatment community may be critical for public health in offering a solution to the helminth deficiency that is a fundamental cause of disease in Western society.

* [[media:Practices_and_outcomes_of_self-treatment_with_helminths_based_on_physicians_observations.pdf | Practices and outcomes of self-treatment with helminths based on physicians' observations]] (PDF) (2016)<br>The first study to examine, through the eyes of their physicians, the practices and experiences of individuals who are self-treating with helminths.

* [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]] (PDF) (2015)<br>This study probes the methods and outcomes reported by individuals who are self-treating with helminths and is an ideal basis for discussion between patients and their physicians.

* [https://www.yourwildlife.org/2015/05/ecological-medicine-can-parasitic-worms-cure-us-of-our-modern-pandemics/ Ecological Medicine: Can intestinal worms cure us of our modern pandemics?] (2015)<br>An excellent article in its own right, this is also a good introduction to the paper immediately above.

* [https://jeffollerton.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/parker-and-ollerton-2013-biome-reonstitution-emph.pdf Evolutionary biology and anthropology suggest biome reconstitution as a necessary approach toward dealing with immune disorders] (2013)<br>Explains how the modern pandemics of autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic diseases are due to the loss of species - especially helminths - from the human ecosystem.

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744090/?report=classic Helminth–host immunological interactions: prevention and control of immune-mediated diseases] (2012)<br>Summarises the science underpinning helminthic therapy.

* [https://evmedreview.com/reconstituting-the-depleted-biome-to-prevent-immune-disorders/ Reconstituting the depleted biome to prevent immune disorders] (2010)<br>Explains why replacing absent "old friends" may be the only reasonable therapy for a wide range of immune-associated disorders, including allergy, autoimmunity and autism.
</div>
<div style="background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:26px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #BFA3AF;background-color:#F2CEDD;padding-left:8px;"><h2 style = "margin-top:10px;border:0px solid #CEDFF2;">Tips for searching the list of papers and articles</h2></div>

Symbols used in the list of documents:
* ✅ - A key paper/report in the development of the therapeutic use of helminths
* ⚡ - A good place to start if you are new to helminthic therapy, or if you are looking for resources that would help someone else to understand the therapy.

If you are interested in helminthic therapy in relation to a particular medical condition, use your device’s search
function (the 'Command' and 'F' keys on a desktop or laptop, or 'Find in page' in the drop-down menu from the three dots icon on a mobile) to locate the items that are relevant to that disease. Several conditions will require the use of more than
one search term, for example:
{{Columns|3}}
* '''Allergies''' - search for “allerg”, “atopy” and “anaphylaxis”
* '''Anemia''' - search for “anemia” and “anaemia”
* '''Arthritis''' - search for ”arthrit” and “joint”
* '''Asthma''' - search for “asthma”, “airway” and “wheeze”
* '''Autism''' - search for “autism” and “ASD”
* '''Celiac disease''' - search for “celiac” and “coeliac”
* '''Crohn’s disease''' - search for “Crohn”, “bowel” and “IBD”
* '''Diabetes''' - search for “diabet”, “insulin”, “glucose” and “metabolic”
* '''Heart disease''' - search for “cardio” and “atherosclerosis”
* '''Inflammation''' - search for “inflam”
* '''Leaky gut''' - search for “barrier”
* '''Multiple sclerosis''' - search for “multiple sclerosis” rather than “MS”
* '''Obesity''' - search for “obes” and “adipose”
* '''Pregnancy''' - search for “preg” and “mater”
* '''Ulcerative colitis''' - search for “colitis”, “bowel” and “IBD”
{{Columns}}
</div>

<div style="background-color:#F5FAFF; border: 1px solid #CEDFF2; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:26px;">
<div style="border:1px solid #A3B0BF;background-color:#CEDFF2;padding-left:8px;"><h2 style = "margin-top:10px;border:0px solid #CEDFF2;">Obtaining copies of scientific papers</h2></div>
Unless otherwise stated, the main links presented below are to [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#home-page PubMed] abstracts, with additional links being provided to any full text and PDF copies that were available at the time these were added to our list. (Some full text copies are initially embargoed for a limited period of time by their publishers.)

Where full text copies are not available from PubMed, they might be available from [https://www.researchgate.net/search ResearchGate], and many papers can also usually be obtained instantly, free of charge, from Sci-Hub. The availability of this pirate domain fluctuates as a result of continuing legal action by publishers, [https://www.vice.com/en/article/gy7d7j/sci-hub-and-lib-gen-continue-to-get-attacked-around-the-world] but its founder, [https://sci-hub.ru/alexandra Alexandra Elbakyan], constantly provides new site links, the latest of which can usually be found on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub Sci-Hub Wikipedia page]. (See "URL" in the text box under the black bird.)

If you find that Sci-Hub is blocked in your area, you should be able to reach it by using either an alternative [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System Domain Name System (DNS)] or a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network virtual private network (VPN)]. Anyone unfamiliar with these options can get more detail, and set-up instructions, from an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence artificial intelligence (AI)] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChatGPT ChatGPT].

To get a paper from Sci-Hub, copy/paste the title, or preferably the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier digital object identifier (DOI)] number, of the paper you want into Sci-Hub’s search box. Then hit Return.

If the paper you want is not yet available from Sci-Hub, you will be able to get it free of charge from the Facebook group, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/655550701282346/ Get Your Papers], or from the [https://www.wosonhj.com Mutual Aid-Science Community].

</div>

== Problems with clinical trials using live helminths ==

There have been significant issues with the design of some of the clinical trials conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy of live helminths, particularly one raft of more than a dozen studies published between 2011 and 2022. This casts doubt on the reliability of the conclusions drawn by the authors of these papers. For more detail, see the following.
* [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Problems with clinical trials using live helminths | '''Problems with clinical trials using live helminths''']]

== '''Research papers & articles''' ==

Here are several pages presenting different selections of papers and articles. Most of the contents of these shorter selections are also listed by year in the main list, below.

* [[Helminthic therapy research#Papers published in high impact factor journals | '''Papers published in high impact factor journals''']] (scholarly periodicals whose articles average a larger number of citations)
* [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies | '''Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies''']]
* [[Helminth therapy studies in murine models | '''Helminth therapy studies in murine models''']] (mostly incomplete when details were added here)
* [[Effects of helminthic therapy | '''Effects of helminthic therapy''']] (the therapy's effects on particular diseases and aspects of general health)
* [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization | '''Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization''']] (not all papers mentioned are included in the more comprehensive list, below)

The following list is more comprehensive, but not exhaustive. The articles included were identified at different times by different editors using different methods.

===2026===

* 2026 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41915399/ Molecular engineering of the helminth TGF-β mimetics, TGM1 and TGM4 reveals a novel antagonist of TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts]
* 2026 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41935913/ The evolutionary origins of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0035378726004960 Full text] (Online ahead of print)
* 2026 Mar 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41918093/ Helminth coinfections mitigate clinical, parasitological, and immune outcomes in Mozambican children with malaria]
* 2026 Mar 22 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cti2.70086 Helminths as architects of trained tolerance: implications for human health]
* 2026 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41875946/ Helminth infection induces malabsorption of dietary fat via STAT6-dependent intestinal MTTP suppression] (Online ahead of print)
* 2026 Mar 21 [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-44795-9 Unstructured, disulfide-bridged C-terminus in helminth α-helical antimicrobial peptides enhances and modulates their activity] (Online ahead of print)
* 2026 Mar 16 [https://saudijournals.com/articles/12527/ A DNASE1–NET–Eosinophil Axis Linking Helminth Exposure to Protection against Autoimmune Disease]
* 2026 Mar 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41823333/ Fasciola hepatica-Derived Proteins Shield the Heart From Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Imbalance: Insights Relevant to the Hygiene Hypothesis]
* 2026 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41813890/ Facile induction of immune tolerance by an interleukin-2-TGFβ surrogate agonist] (Nature)
* 2026 Mar 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41795870/ Controlled human helminth infection models: insights into type 2 immunity and therapeutic development]
* 2026 Mar 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41784099/ Bugs as drugs: Parasite Biomolecules as Novel Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer]
* 2026 Mar 5 [https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/3/392 Glycogen Hydrogel Loaded with Schistosoma japonicas Peptide SJMHE1 Improves Skin Wound Healing]
* 2026 Mar 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41781415/ The immune-modulatory potential of helminth-derived proteins in cellular models of inflammation: a systematic review with cross-study quantitative data analysis]
* 2026 Feb 28 [https://jsocmed.org/index.php/go/article/view/274 Zero Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Students with Disabilities and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Bengkulu City, Indonesia]
* 2026 Feb 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41757977/ Protection of mice against septic shock induced by lethal intraperitoneal dose of LPS by a recombinant Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein]
* 2026 Feb 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41808832/ Trichuris suis ova in inflammatory bowel disease-clinical challenges and translational pathways]
* 2026 Feb 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41720781/ Developmental plasticity enables an intestinal tapeworm to adapt to dietary stress]
* 2026 Feb 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41705598/ Applications of epidemiologic transition theory to modern infectious disease medicine and epidemiology]
* 2026 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41711766/ Therapeutic potential of hookworm proteins in promoting regulatory immune responses to modulate Trypanosoma cruzi induced liver inflammation and oxidative stress]
* 2026 Feb 17 [https://resvinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RSVVW26-Abstract-Booklet.pdf Maternal Helminths Rewire the Microbiota to Promote Offspring Antiviral Immunity via Indole-3-Propionic Acid] (Conference) (Media coverage Medscape 2026 Mar 23 [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/parasitic-worms-provide-insights-rsv-prevention-2026a10008ob?form=fpf Parasitic Worms Provide Insights on RSV Prevention])
* 2026 Feb 12 [https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8780633/v1 Type-2-immune history imprints local training in nerve-airway associated interstitial macrophages (NAMs) for disease tolerance during respiratory viral infection] (Preprint)
* 2026 Feb 5 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703465v1 O-GlcNAcylation and low glycolysis underpin Th2 polarization by dendritic cells] (Preprint)
* 2026 Feb 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41639095/ The gut microbiome and metabolome associate with Schistosoma mansoni infection and cardiovascular disease risk in Uganda]
* 2026 Feb 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41753640/ Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Excretion-Secretion Products of Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) and Its Effect over the Viability and Antioxidative Activity of a Mix of Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium]
* 2026 Feb [https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/8092 Effects of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 on Allergic Responses in Ovalbumin-induced Allergic Rhinitis Mice Model]
* 2026 Feb [https://academic.oup.com/jcag/article/9/Supplement_1/gwaf042.001/8475008 Helminth-induced IL-33 promotes tissue-repair macrophages that protect against colitis independent of IL-4 signaling]
* 2026 Jan 28 [https://auctoresonline.com/article/association-between-diabetes-and-trichinella-spiralis Association Between Diabetes and Trichinella Spiralis]
* 2026 Jan 26 [https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/article/20/Supplement_1/jjaf231.1583/8434345?login=false Helminth secretome as novel antifibrotic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2026 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41668258/ Transcriptomic profiling reveals Trichinella spiralis-mediated attenuation of respiratory syncytial virus-induced inflammation in mice]
* 2026 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41659413/ Selective Immune Silencing by Targeted TGF-β Agonists] (Preprint)
* 2026 Jan 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41553728/ Exploratory Study Characterizing Gastrointestinal Physiological Changes During Controlled Human Hookworm Infection]
* 2026 Jan 17 [https://ijmri.de/index.php/ijpse/article/view/4749 Features of cellular immunity in bronchial asthma and helminthic infestations] (Russian)
* 2026 Jan 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41513004/ Trained ILC2 prevent IL-17-associated lung injury during helminth infection through a serotonin-dependent mechanism]
* 2026 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41596532/ Recombinant Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Derived from Trichinella spiralis Suppresses Obesity by Reducing Body Fat and Inflammation]
* 2026 Jan 15 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/15/1/93 Helminth Antigens Modulate Virus-Induced Activation of CD154 (CD40L) Expression on T Cells in Onchocerca volvulus-Infected Individuals]
* 2026 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41613259/ Rethinking ADHD as a neurointestinal syndrome: a gut-brain-parasite hypothesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12847369/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12847369/pdf/fnins-19-1694628.pdf PDF]
* 2026 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41533207/ Immune protection mediated by Echinococcus granulosus EgM123 in the dextran sodium Sulfate-induced colitis model in mice]
* 2026 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41530388/ Cancer in disguise: a parasite within]
* 2026 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41538570/ Allergic airway inflammation of offspring mice is suppressed by breast milk from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mothers]
* 2026 Jan 7 [https://auctoresonline.com/article/type-2-diabetes-mellitus-and-strongyloides-stercoralis-infection Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Strongyloides Stercoralis Infection] -- [https://auctoresonline.com/uploads/articles/1767605687JCRR-25-RA-604-Galley_proof_.pdf PDF]
* 2026 Jan 5 [https://www.academia.edu/2837-4010/4/1/10.20935/AcadBiol8088 Can parasites influence insulin signaling and development of diabetes mellitus?]

===2025===

* 2025 Dec 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41358671/ Infection with gut parasites correlates with gut microbiome diversity across human populations in Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12688249/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12688249/pdf/KGMI_17_2587966.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Dec 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41413252/ Structural and functional analysis of the TGF-β mimic, TGM-2: an immunomodulatory helminth protein] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41435-025-00372-0 Full text]

* 2025 Dec 17 [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/d748de93-803c-4820-ad81-cce18ef3afd2 Therapeutic potential of Fasciola hepatica-derived immunomodulatory peptides in the treatment of sepsis] -- [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/server/api/core/bitstreams/38d3cc98-2205-4487-8fd6-ee66f6015d69/content PDF] (Master)

* 2025 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41398704/ Antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus regulates autophagy-mediated macrophage polarization to alleviate immune thrombocytopenia]

* 2025 Dec 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41387891/ Parasites' immunomodulators: a breakthrough in immunotherapeutics displaying antineoplastic activity against human colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma cells]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40451537/ Excretory/secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis adult worms alleviate myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis in murine models]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41502267/ The Mechanism of Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto Antigen B to Protect Immune Thrombocytopenia Mouse Model by Influencing Autophagy] (Chinese)

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41242643/ Immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Toxocara canis infection in a murine model of thioacetamide-induced chronic hepatic fibrosis]

* 2025 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266093/ Helminth reshapes host gut microbiota and immunoregulation by deploying an antimicrobial program of innate immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12026035/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12026035/pdf/KGMI_17_2496447.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov 21 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689654v1.abstract Transglutaminase 2 predicts parasitic worm-mediated protection against hepatic steatosis in obese mice] (Preprint)

* 2025 Nov 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41219730/ Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via macrophage migrasome-derived miR-26b-5p targeting the PTEN/AKT axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12607197/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12607197/pdf/12967_2025_Article_7328.pdf Full text]

* 2025 Nov 4 [https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(25)01202-6/abstract The burden of osteoarthritis: lifespan matters]

* 2025 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41256793/ Echinococcus granulosus antigen B ameliorates myocardial infarction through promoting M2 macrophage polarization] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12620417/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12620417/pdf/fcimb-15-1662758.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1609/8329627 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota] (Also see this interview: 2025 Sep 29 [https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2025/09/29/a-small-worm-offers-big-clues-about-the-human-immune-system A Small Worm Offers Big Clues About the Human Immune System])

* 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.1876/8331776 Helminth infection-induced Resistin-Like Molecule Alpha (RELMα) protects from diet-induced obesity]

* 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.2214/8331728 Examining the immunomodulatory role of Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) in inducing tolerance to an oral allergen]

* 2025 Nov [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article/214/Supplement_1/vkaf283.2091/8330763 Helminth-derived products act as an adjuvant in colitis-associated colorectal cancer 5-FU treatment by downregulating SIRT6 expression]

* 2025 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41194532/ Clonorchis sinensis Crude Antigen Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation via Modulation of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12589821/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12589821/pdf/IID3-13-e70292.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Nov [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397826207_Maternal_helminth_infection_promotes_offspring_long-term_antiviral_immunity_via_microbiota_3855 Maternal helminth infection promotes offspring long-term antiviral immunity via microbiota]

* 2025 Oct 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40914159/ IL-25-induced memory type 2 innate lymphoid cells enforce mucosal immunity] (Comment 2026 [https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/OSHM.2026.9610043 Revolutionizing mucosal defense: IL-25-educated effector-memory ILC2s redefine innate immune memory])

* 2025 Oct 22 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1701728/abstract Hookworm infection modulates lung and intestinal transcriptomic responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters]

* 2025 Oct 19 [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421.html A comparative study on Echinococcus granulosus and curcumin therapeutic effect in mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_47421_fdaa116e0fdfcad8b6d56bf7df883357.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Oct 19 [https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/240 The sustainable role of parasites in modulating environment, immune system and gut microbiota] -- [https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/240/80 PDF]

* 2025 Oct 17 [https://open.fau.de/items/6b4e9f08-8bcc-4978-a15e-2c658a81450b Type 2 immunity and activation of STAT6 signaling in different disease models in lung and intestine] (Thesis, Erlangen-Nürnberg)

* 2025 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40680269/ The interleukin-33 receptor (ST2) is a novel therapeutic target to attenuate the progression of hemophilic arthropathy]

* 2025 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41268546/ Clinical Challenges and Technological Breakthroughs in Helminthic Therapy for Diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12626982/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12626982/pdf/fimmu-16-1642707.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41102569/ Combined Effects of Parasitic Infection and Heavy Metal Exposure on Health and Profitability of Cultured African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)]

* 2025 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41072881/ Dampened inflammation and reduced risk of osteoarthritis among non-industrialized societies] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S106345842501163X Full text]

* 2025 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41061735/ Theories and mechanisms of environmental factors that cause allergies in dogs: veterinarian involvement in lifestyle choices to support long-term well-being] -- [https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/aop/ajvr.25.07.0275/ajvr.25.07.0275.xml Full text] | [https://avmajournals.avma.org/downloadpdf/view/journals/ajvr/aop/ajvr.25.07.0275/ajvr.25.07.0275.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Oct [https://sistema.editorapasteur.com.br/uploads/pdf/publications_chapter/2023029050.pdf Aspectos imunológicos de infecções por helmintos] (Book chapter of Imunologia & Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias) (Portuguese)

* 2025 Oct [https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2025/10002/s1710_the_temporal_association_between_acute.1711.aspx The Temporal Association Between Acute Gastroenteritis and the Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review] (Conference)

* 2025 Oct [https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2025/10002/s6207_hooked_on_worms__diving_into_human_helminth.6206.aspx Hooked on Worms: Diving Into Human Helminth Therapy] (Conference) (IBS)

* 2025 Oct [https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97634.pdf Immunoepithelial Crosstalk in Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Tuft Cells: A Review]

* 2025 Sep 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40960147/ Hydatid cyst derived molecules potentiate the protective effect of sulfasalazine in murine induced colitis: Role of FOXP3 T-regulatory cells in colonic tissues]

* 2025 Sep 15 [https://repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co/entities/publication/c72c9763-416e-4d0c-984f-273f8fd77746 Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of a molecule from Ascaris lumbricoides with potential therapeutic benefits for asthma] (Thesis)

* 2025 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40954459/ Interplay of obesity and parasitic infection: current evidence of immunogenesis, tumorigenesis and leptin receptor involvement] -- [https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12986-025-00972-7 Full text]

* 2025 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40945015/ Protective or pathogenic? Tuft cells shape divergent immune outcomes in helminth and viral infections]

* 2025 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40934190/ Cross-kingdom dialogs in the gut: Integrating bacterial pathogens, helminths, and microbiota interactions for immune homeostasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12425192/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12425192/pdf/ppat.1013494.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Sep 9 [https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/9/2208 Role of the Th2-like Immune Response in Obesity: IL-4 as a Metabolic Regulator and IL-13 as an Effector of Muscle Energy Metabolism]

* 2025 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41062240/ Genetically modified helminths as pharmaceutical biofactories] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065308X25000211?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Sep 8 [https://helminthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Hydra-Helminth-Conference-Full-Programme-2025.pdf Anti-tumoral effect of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid in a cell-derived breast cancer xenograft model]

* 2025 Sep 8 [https://helminthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Hydra-Helminth-Conference-Full-Programme-2025.pdf Selective packaging of anti-fibrotic and tumour suppressor miRNAs in extracellular vesicles of a parasitic whipworm] (Conference)

* 2025 Sep 7 [https://helminthconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Hydra-Helminth-Conference-Full-Programme-2025.pdf The wonder of worms! How parasitic helminths can change our lives] (Conference)

* 2025 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40950041/ Helminth infection induces neuroimmune remodeling and clinical remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12424815/ Full text]

* 2025 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40882862/ Opisthorchis viverrini Helminth Defense Molecule: Structural features, molecular interactions, and dual immunomodulatory roles] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X25002797?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40830617/ Protective and therapeutic potentials of Trichinella spiralis larval antigen in murine induced colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12365207/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12365207/pdf/41598_2025_Article_13229.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40869321/ Co-Infection Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori and Helminths: A Double-Edged Sword] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12386516/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12386516/pdf/ijms-26-08001.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40867609/ Effect of Nematodes-Bacteria Complex Metabolites on Cancer and Tumor Progression] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12384441/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12384441/pdf/biomolecules-15-01165.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795768/ Anisakis simplex excretion/secretion antigens abolish the anaphylactic response in allergic mice] -- [https://karger.com/iaa/article-abstract/doi/10.1159/000547921/932229/Anisakis-simplex-excretion-secretion-antigens Full text]

* 2025 Aug 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40796112/ Helminth infections affect host immune responses to viral infections and vaccines] -- [https://academic.oup.com/femsre/advance-article/doi/10.1093/femsre/fuaf036/8230974?login=false Full text]

* 2025 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795244/ TRPV1 neurons promote cutaneous immunity against Schistosoma mansoni] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jimmun/vkaf141/8225876?login=false Full text] (media coverage [https://www.newsweek.com/parasitic-worm-opioid-treatments-alternative-pain-schistosoma-mansoni-2112848 Newsweek] "Opioids: Parasitic Worm Discovery Could Lead to Safer Painkillers", [https://scitechdaily.com/this-parasitic-worm-can-turn-off-your-pain-and-itch-sensors/ SciTechDaily], [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/08/250811104224.htm ScienceDaily])

* 2025 Aug 7 [https://djs.journals.ekb.eg/article_446280.html Immunomodulatory Effects of Trichinella spiralis on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice: Prophylactic and Therapeutic Implications]

* 2025 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40562184/ Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory protein alleviates autoimmune thyroiditis by modulating Th17/Treg balance via the STAT3/STAT5 pathway]

* 2025 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40799005/ Schistosoma japonicum-Derived Peptide SJMHE1 Attenuates Osteoarthritis by Promoting Synovial M2 Macrophage Polarisation]

* 2025 Jul 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40731364/ Bridging the gap for diverse applications of parasites as advanced cancer therapeutics: current progress and future directions] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12309174/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12309174/pdf/13027_2025_Article_679.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40713878/ Effects of maternal Echinococcus multilocularis infection on colitis susceptibility and gut microbiota of offspring] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12297764/ Full text]

* 2025 Jul 26 [https://matheo.uliege.be/handle/2268.2/23604 Une infection entérique par des helminthes peut-elle altérer l'efficacité de la réponse immunitaire induite par la vaccination ?] (French, master)

* 2025 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40708483/ From the laboratory to the clinic: advancing helminthic therapy for type 2 diabetes]

* 2025 Jul 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40701996/ Syphacia obvelata antigens alter the FOXP3/RORɣt expression balance in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IBD patients]

* 2025 Jul 24 [https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/16994 In vitro immunomodulatory effect of opisthorchis felineus hemozoin on dendritic cells of children with bronchial asthma] -- [https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/16994/pdf PDF] (Russian)

* 2025 Jul 23 [https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/81179 Isolation of Hymenolepis diminuta Cysticercoids for therapeutic use: The need for open-source methodology] (HDC) (preprint)

* 2025 Jul 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40543040/ Rapid group-2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization from the intestine aids in early lung defense and repair] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(25)00639-4 Full text]

* 2025 Jul 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40725160/ Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Fh15 as an Antagonist of TLR4 Downregulating the Activation of NF-κB, Inducible Nitric Oxide, Phagosome Signaling Pathways, and Oxidative Stress of LPS-Stimulated Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12294962/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12294962/pdf/ijms-26-06914.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40654243/ Arterial Stiffness in Heart-Healthy Indigenous Tsimane Forager-Horticulturalists]

* 2025 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39776172/ Helminth infection induces innate immune priming in plasmacytoid dendritic cells] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiaf009/7945121?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Full text]

* 2025 Jul 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40718495/ Trichinella spiralis-derived extracellular vesicles induce regulatory T cells and reduce airway allergy in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12289487/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12289487/pdf/fimmu-16-1637569.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40708918/ Intestinal helminth Schyzocotyle acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 infection ameliorate lipid metabolism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through immune and gut microbiota regulation]

* 2025 Jul 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40628865/ The immunomodulatory p43 secreted protein of Trichuris whipworm parasites is a lipid carrier that binds signalling lipids and precursors] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-08124-w Full text] | [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-08124-w.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jul 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40626733/ Ascaris Lumbricoides Cystatin Impairs IL-1β Maturation and CD14 Expression in Human Monocytes] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imm.70016 Full text]

* 2025 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40154760/ Antimicrobial peptides in nematode secretions - Unveiling biotechnological opportunities for therapeutics and beyond] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975025000588?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40495394/ The Impact of Rhinovirus, Syncytial Respiratory Virus and Helminth Infection on the Risk of New-Onset Asthma and Other Allergic Conditions-A Systematic Review for the EAACI Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergic Diseases and Asthma]

* 2025 Jul-Aug [https://www.ijfmr.com/research-paper.php?id=52557 Helminthic Therapy as Modern Immunotherapy]

* 2025 Jul [https://journals.ekb.eg/article_457565.html Helminth-derived antigens induce an immunomodulatory response in autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus by promoting regulatory immune responses]

* 2025 Jun 30 [https://www.croris.hr/crosbi/publikacija/prilog-skup/924236 Membrane-active Peptides from Helminths: Linking Antimicrobial Activity to Molecular Mode of Action] (Conference)

* 2025 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40576745/ Intact glycoconjugates from Taenia crassiceps excreted/secreted products ameliorate chemically induced colitis by modulating inflammation and strengthening adherens junctions] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-025-01821-y Full text]

* 2025 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40542404/ Excretory/secretory products from Hymenolepis nana adult worms alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice via tuft/IL-13 signaling pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12180163/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12180163/pdf/13071_2025_Article_6893.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 13 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001399 Unearthing roundworms: Nematodes as determinants of human health]

* 2025 Jun 12 [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01197-8 Gut ILC2s remember IL-25]

* 2025 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40267906/ A type 1 immune-stromal cell network mediates disease tolerance against intestinal infection] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00395-2 Full text]

* 2025 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40505102/ Intestinal lymphatic vasculature is functionally adapted to different drainage regions and is altered by helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12162095/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12162095/pdf/jem_20241181.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40565065/ Modulation of the Immune Response by Nematode Derived Molecules] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12193360/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12193360/pdf/ijms-26-05600.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 10 [https://f1000research.com/articles/14-576 Evaluating the potential of Schistosoma mansoni Soluble Egg Antigen (SEA) and Glycoproteins (IPSE and Omega-1) in Inhibiting the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes]

* 2025 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40486661/ Lower BMI in Tanzanian Adults with Schistosoma mansoni Infection is Not Explained by Differences in Serum Adipocytokine Levels] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12143250/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12143250/pdf/gh-20-1-1436.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40474292/ PD-1-dependent therapeutic effect of Trichinella spiralis cystatin on myocardial infarction in a mice model] -- [https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-025-06854-4 Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12142987/pdf/13071_2025_Article_6854.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40460141/ An experimental study of the dual modulation of the colchicine-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and the soluble product of Dipylidium caninum adult worm] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12132939/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12132939/pdf/pone.0324191.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jun 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40461378/ Is IFN-γ good or bad for the host during helminth infections?] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(25)00140-0 Abstract]

* 2025 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40325612/ Echinococcus granulosus antigen B regulates T-cell function through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in experimental immune thrombocytopenia]

* 2025 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40444920/ Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence From Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis]

* 2025 Jun [https://ard.eular.org/article/S0003-4967(25)03658-1/abstract Effect of soil-transmitted helminth on attenuation of disease activity and immune profile changes in treatment naïve rheumatoid arthritis patients]

* 2025 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40267633/ An overview of the role of steroid hormones in various parasitic infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165037825001111 Full text]

* 2025 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40497975/ Fh15 Reduces Colonic Inflammation and Leukocyte Infiltration in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mouse Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12153920/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12153920/pdf/cells-14-00799.pdf PDF]

* 2025 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40452274/ Therapeutic potentials of Trichinella spiralis in immune disorders: From allergy to autoimmunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12127822/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12127822/pdf/phd-24086.pdf PDF]

* 2025 May 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40402283/ Molecular mimicry between parasites and cancer: a novel approach for developing cancer vaccines and therapeutic antibodies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12098237/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12098237/pdf/262_2025_Article_4069.pdf PDF]

* 2025 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048880/ Toxocara canis-originated recombinant C-type lectin improves the disability scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in murine in vivo models]

* 2025 May 9 [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550783/full Relationship between pediatric asthma and respiratory microbiota, intestinal microbiota: a narrative review]

* 2025 May 8 [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z79520z Macrophage-Derived Relmα Promotes Lung Tissue Repair Following Helminth Infection In a Murine Model] (Capstone project)

* 2025 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40471635/ Immunotherapeutic Potential of Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid Cyst Antigens in Autoimmune Disease and Allergy]

* 2025 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40391223/ Protective effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis- derived uridine via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in a mouse model of TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12087013/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12087013/pdf/fimmu-16-1600838.pdf PDF]

* 2025 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332187/ Concomitant occurrence of chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection and chronic colitis restore immune imbalance and dysbiosis leading to protection against intestinal colitis and schistosome egg-induced intestinal fibrosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12051921/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12051921/pdf/1678-8060-mioc-120-e240045.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40299229/ Impact of Soluble Schistosomal Egg Antigens on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in an Induced Diabetic Mouse Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/40299229/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12041111/pdf/11686_2025_Article_1035.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40302223/ Cytokines from parasites: manipulating host responses by molecular mimicry] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12203974/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12203974/pdf/BCJ-482-09-BCJ20253061.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40298402/ mGem: Decoding transmicrobe messaging-the growing impact of extracellular vesicles] -- [https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.03130-24?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Full text] | [https://journals.asm.org/doi/epub/10.1128/mbio.03130-24 PDF]

* 2025 Apr 29 [https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6560880/v1 Regulation of Dendritic Cell Immune Function and Maturation by the Recombinant Antigen p53 of Trichinella spiralis] (preprint)

* 2025 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40265426/ Modulation of the Inflammatory Signature in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model through Treatment with Fasciola hepatica-Derived Recombinant Fatty Acid Binding Protein (rFh15)] -- [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4657414 Full text] (Multiple sclerosis)

* 2025 Apr 22 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/436 Helminth Coinfections Modulate Disease Dynamics and Vaccination Success in the Era of Emerging Infectious Diseases]

* 2025 Apr 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40257648/ Metabolomic and functional analyses of small molecules secreted by intestinal nematodes in the activation of epithelial tuft cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12011944/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12011944/pdf/11306_2025_Article_2248.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40231720/ Coevolutionary interplay: Helminths-trained immunity and its impact on the rise of inflammatory diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12002795/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12002795/pdf/elife-105393.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40297577/ Helminth-induced immune modulation in colorectal cancer: exploring therapeutic applications] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12034720/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12034720/pdf/fimmu-16-1484686.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40226135/ Impact of helminth co-infection and treatment on mycobacterial growth inhibition in UK migrants with TB infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11984527/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11984527/pdf/ijtldopen24-0528.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40214509/ Behavioral Cooperation or Conflict of Human Intestinal Roundworms and Microbiomes: A Bio-Activity Perspective] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11988915/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11988915/pdf/cells-14-00556.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40178750/ Administration of Trichinella spiralis Antigens Alleviated Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/40178750/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11968495/pdf/11686_2025_Article_1016.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr 3 [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-78821-5 The Microbiome: How our Inner Ecosystem Controls] (book, see chapter 3)

* 2025 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39653602/ Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen suppresses colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo]

* 2025 Apr [https://journals.ekb.eg/article_424997_662bef043a91087f4761406ed78268cb.pdf A review on hookworm disease: historical, virulence, immunomodulation and immune escape strategies]

* 2025 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39592081/ Parasitic helminths and protozoa: Treasure boxes of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138357692400151X?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39954371/ Protein families secreted by nematodes to modulate host immunity] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527425000049?via%3Dihub Full text] | [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527425000049/pdfft?md5=929e987286efcae7887f17e3ad9818e2&pid=1-s2.0-S1369527425000049-main.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Apr [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877032025000065 Du parasitisme au mutualisme: les immunomodulateurs bactériens et parasitaires] (French)

* 2025 Mar 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40196473/ IL-25-induced memory ILC2s mediate long-term small intestinal adaptation] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.645270v1.full.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40196466/ Helminth infection favors reprogramming and proliferation of lung neutrophils] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11974826/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11974826/pdf/nihpp-2025.03.25.645229v1.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40213548/ A secreted helminth microRNA suppresses gastrointestinal cell differentiation required for innate immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11983496/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11983496/pdf/fimmu-16-1558132.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40166485/ Treatment With Schistosoma Japonicum Peptide SJMHE1 and SJMHE1-Loaded Hydrogel for the Mitigation of Psoriasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11956717/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11956717/pdf/ptt-15-85.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 25 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1203052 The Dual Nature of Host-Parasite Interactions: Exploring Protozoans and Helminths in Symbiosis and Pathogenesis] (Book chapter, "Symbiotic Interactions - From Mutualistic Alliances to Parasitic Exploits".)

* 2025 Mar 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266230/ Robust COVID-19 Vaccine Responses Despite Filarial Co-Infection: Insights from a Lymphatic Filariasis Cohort in Ghana] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11945955/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11945955/pdf/vaccines-13-00312.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40074948/ Tuft cell IL-17RB restrains IL-25 bioavailability and reveals context-dependent ILC2 hypoproliferation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11957993/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11957993/pdf/41590_2025_Article_2104.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40069907/ Adult Hymenolepis nana and its excretory-secretory products elicit mouse immune responses via tuft/IL-13 and FOXM1 signaling pathways] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11899370/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11899370/pdf/13071_2025_Article_6719.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40038824/ Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory proteins ameliorate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11881509/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11881509/pdf/13071_2025_Article_6677.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40032982/ Nematode serine protease inhibitor SPI-I8 negatively regulates host NF-κB signalling by hijacking MKRN1-mediated polyubiquitination of RACK1] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11876351/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11876351/pdf/42003_2025_Article_7803.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Mar 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40077760/ The Human Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Fucopentaose III Conjugated to Dextran Inhibits HIV Replication in Primary Human Macrophages]
::It is the same molecule found in [[Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization#glycans | certain helminths]].

* 2025 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39988282/ The proteome of human adult whipworm Trichuris trichiura: A source of potential immunomodulatory molecules]

* 2025 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39952796/ Helminths target macrophage epigenetics and metabolism to evade immunity]

* 2025 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39950309/ An immunoregulatory amphipathic peptide derived from Fasciola hepatica helminth defense molecule (FhHDM-1.C2) exhibits potent biotherapeutic activity in a murine model of multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11826375/pdf/FSB2-39-e70380.pdf PDF] (see [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/applied-molecular-parasitology-lab-ampl-dalton-lab_biotherapeutics-immunemodulation-healthinnovation-activity-7302379555372052483-kkzP/ Linkedin post])

* 2025 Feb 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40014218/ Clonorchis sinensis Infection prevents DSS-induced Colitis Via Lithocholic Acid in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent Manner] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10753-025-02241-4 Full text]

* 2025 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266113/ Helminth Seropositivity Inversely Correlated with Th1 and Th17 Cytokines and Severe COVID-19] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/40266113/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11946601/pdf/vaccines-13-00252.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-84877-3_4 Diseases Deriving from Alterations of the Ecological Niche—Part II: Regarding the Holobiont]

* 2024 Feb 24 [https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/c238d0b9-d1eb-4460-948c-88d0bc31e42a Impact of B cell secreted factors on myelin in progressive multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2025 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40149862/ Natural Alternatives in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Mechanisms Perspective] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11940303/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11940303/pdf/biomolecules-15-00326.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39984487/ TGM6 is a helminth secretory product that mimics TGF-β binding to TGFBR2 to antagonize signaling in fibroblasts] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11845725/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11845725/pdf/41467_2025_Article_56954.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39963417/ Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis]

* 2025 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939598/ An optimised faecal microRNA sequencing pipeline reveals fibrosis in Trichuris muris infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11822213/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11822213/pdf/41467_2025_Article_56698.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39938480/ Nerve-racking worms]

* 2025 Feb 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39924654/ Echinococcus granulosus' laminated layer immunomodulates nitric oxide, cytokines, and MMPs in PBMC from rheumatoid arthritis patients]

* 2025 Feb 10 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11807544/ A162 interleukin-4 signaling is not a prerequisite for helminth-therapy protection against colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11807544/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11807544/pdf/gwae059.162.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39975173/ Hookworm genes encoding intestinal excreted-secreted proteins are transcriptionally upregulated in response to the host's immune system] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11838427/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11838427/pdf/nihpp-2025.02.01.636063v1.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Feb 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39899646/ Experimental trichuriasis: Changes in the immune response and bacterial translocation during acute phase development illustrated with 3D model animation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11805410/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/39899646/ PDF]

* 2025 Feb [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bhupamani-Das-2/publication/389440122_A_Cross_Talk_Between_Parasitic_Helminth_and_Host_Microbiome/links/67c2999d96e7fb48b9d3b739/A-Cross-Talk-Between-Parasitic-Helminth-and-Host-Microbiome.pdf A Cross Talk Between Parasitic Helminth and Host Microbiome]

* 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39638106/ Insights into extracellular vesicle biogenesis and secretion of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta: host interaction and cultivation dynamics] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020751924002066?via%3Dihub Full text] (HDC)

* 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39528097/ Update on type 2 immunity]

* ⚡ 2025 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39491642/ The gut microbiome-helminth-immune axis in autoimmune diseases] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576924001363?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39674446/ Antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus regulates macrophage phagocytosis by controlling TLR4 endocytosis in immune thrombocytopenia]

* 2025 Jan 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-70591-5_13 Understanding the Extracellular Vesicles in Helminths]

* 2025 Jan 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39853513/ Laminated Layer Extract from Echinococcus Granulosus cyst Attenuates Ocular Damages and Inflammatory Responses in an Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Model] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11686-024-00944-6 Full text]

* 2025 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39819719/ Schistosoma japonicum cystatin has protective effects against "two-hit" sepsis in mice by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment] (Chinese)

* 2025 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39711697/ Early-life infectious disease exposure, the “hygiene hypothesis”, and lifespan: evidence from hookworm] -- [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.09.24318730v2.full.pdf PDF] (preprint)

* 2025 Jan 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39815783/ Helminth extracellular vesicles co-opt host monocytes to drive T cell anergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735955/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735955/pdf/JEV2-14-e70027.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40109582/ Immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers: current strategies and future directions - a literature review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11918700/pdf/ms9-87-151.pdf Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11918700/pdf/ms9-87-151.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39789188/ Inhibition of skin fibrosis via regulation of Th17/Treg imbalance in systemic sclerosis]

* 2025 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39780006/ Reinventing type 2 immunity in cancer] (Nature review)

* 2025 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39773250/ Helminthiasis and mpox vaccination: challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa]

* 2025 Jan 7 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s44280-024-00067-7 Parasites: the future of biotherapy]

* 2025 Jan 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38481989/ Cystatin from the helminth Ascaris lumbricoides upregulates mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways and immunomodulatory genes in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10936004/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10936004/pdf/fimmu-15-1328401.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39638178/ Cathepsin L of Fasciola hepatica meliorates colitis by altering the gut microbiome and inflammatory macrophages]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39815783/ Helminth extracellular vesicles co-opt host monocytes to drive T cell anergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735955/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735955/pdf/JEV2-14-e70027.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39608199/ Host, parasite, and microbiome interaction: Trichuris ovis and its effect on sheep gut microbiota] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401724002450?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40433639/ Immunomodulation by helminthic parasites and worm therapy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12105771/ Full text]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39809978/ Regulatory B cells in parasitic infections: roles and therapeutic potential] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11732949/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11732949/pdf/436_2024_Article_8450.pdf PDF]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38797638/ Trichinella spiralis alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating the protective Th2 immune response] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401724000943?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2025 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39455069/ Protection of mice against cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial sepsis by a Fasciola hepatica helminth defence molecule] -- [https://journals.lww.com/shockjournal/fulltext/2025/01000/protection_of_mice_against_cecal_ligation_and.18.aspx Full text]

* 2025 Jan [https://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/a/yh5sBHW6bMyPcfJHCKvTMdC/?lang=en Allergic airway inflammation of offspring mice is suppressed by breast milk from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mothers]

* 2025 [https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/7709/bitstream_20907.pdf?sequence=1 Patients with Trichinella spiralis infection display unmodified antigen-specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2]

* 2025 [https://tcu.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/schistosoma-mansoni-soluble-egg-antigen-and-its-key-proteins-diff/ Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen and its key proteins differentially affect dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammatory bowel disease]

* 2025 [https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de/items/dc23f919-f671-46ba-a7fd-2914e50bf211 Eosinophil proteins and their role during filarial infection] (Thesis, Bonn)

===2024===

* 2024 Dec 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39796136/ The Impact of Cell-Intrinsic STAT6 Protein on Donor T Cell-Mediated Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11719522/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11719522/pdf/ijms-26-00280.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Dec 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39749005/ Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Helminth-Derived Products: Potential Applications and Challenges in Diabetes Mellitus Management] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11694023/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11694023/pdf/jir-17-11789.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Dec 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39703057/ Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection with the development of diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022149X24000828/type/journal_article Full text]

* 2024 Dec 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39666730/ Hymenolepis nana antigens alleviate ulcerative colitis by promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation via AhR/IL-22 signaling pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11670978/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11670978/pdf/pntd.0012714.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Dec 11 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1197501 The Double Edge Sword – Modulations of Inflammatory Responses – Parasite Survival Strategy or Host Tolerance Mechanisms] (Book chapter of Symbiotic Interactions - From Mutualistic Alliances to Parasitic Exploits)

* 2024 Dec 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39642243/ A helminth enzyme subverts macrophage-mediated immunity by epigenetic targeting of prostaglandin synthesis]

* 2024 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39620820/ Intestinal Helminth Infection Impairs Oral and Parenteral Vaccine Efficacy] -- [https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/154/Supplement%204/S51/200114/Intestinal-Helminth-Infection-Impairs-Oral-and?autologincheck=redirected Full text] | [https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-pdf/154/Supplement%204/S51/1745169/peds.2024-069114n.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Dec [https://zumj.journals.ekb.eg/article_362591.html The immunological effects of Schistosoma mansoni-derived soluble egg antigen on murine streptozotocin-induced autoimmune type1 diabetes]

* 2024 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39388051/ The Role of Dicrocoelium dendriticum Egg Antigen in Colitis: A Molecular, Pathological and Serological Study in an Experimental Model of C57BL/6 Mice]

* 2024 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39609640/ The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11723922/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11723922/pdf/44319_2024_Article_323.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39651252/ The IL-33/ST2 signaling axis drives pathogenesis in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11623585/ Full text] | [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625579v1 PDF]

* 2024 Nov 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39592463/ Immunomodulatory role of Trichinella spiralis-derived antigen on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice model]

* 2024 Nov 25 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/11300 Impact of human filarial infections on the metabolic and immunological profile and characterization of filariae-induced tropical pulmonary eosinophilia using a newly established mouse model] (Thesis, Bonn)

* 2024 Nov 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39533525/ Rotavirus-specific-IgA and cytokines responses in Ascaris lumbricoides-infected preschool-aged Nigerian children following rotavirus vaccination] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15321819.2024.2426147 Abstract]

* 2024 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39596084/ A Small Intestinal Helminth Infection Alters Colonic Mucus and Shapes the Colonic Mucus Microbiome] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593901/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593901/pdf/ijms-25-12015.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39596069/ Liver Fluke-Derived Molecules Accelerate Skin Repair Processes in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593665/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593665/pdf/ijms-25-12002.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569198/ Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles from Ascaris lumbricoides antigen exposure enhance Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth control, reduce IL-1β, and contain miR-342-5p, miR-516b-5p, and miR-570-3p that regulate PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11576181/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11576181/pdf/fimmu-15-1454881.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39495798/ The gut microbiota is essential for Trichinella spiralis-evoked suppression of colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11563474/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11563474/pdf/pntd.0012645.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38899778/ Probiotic Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Trichuris Suis Ova: A Randomised, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial (the PROCTO Trial)]. This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable. (See the note [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#ParaTech A/S | '''here''']] for details of significant issues with this trial’s design.)

* 2024 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39481080/ Schistosoma antigens: A future clinical magic bullet for autoimmune diseases?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11527426/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11527426/pdf/parasite-31-68.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683524/ Cystatin from Filarial Parasites Suppress the Clinical Symptoms and Pathology of Experimentally Induced Colitis in Mice by Inducing T-Regulatory Cells, B1-Cells, and Alternatively Activated Macrophages]

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41936-024-00404-7 Protective effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection and/or soluble egg antigen on allergic reaction in male mice]

* 2024 Oct 30 [https://www.clinicsearchonline.org/uploads/articles/1731131807IJBR-RA-69-Galley_Proof.pdf Helminth infection and Multiple Sclerosis]

* 2024 Oct 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39530086/ Roles of helminth extracellular vesicle-derived let-7 in host-parasite crosstalk] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11551607/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11551607/pdf/fimmu-15-1449495.pdf PDF]

* ✅ 2024 Oct 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39321022/ The rebalancing of the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface ameliorates autism-like behavior in adult offspring] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(24)01138-0?uuid=uuid%3A03bd97aa-0f2e-49d6-ad75-0982b8d5be9a Full text]

* 2024 Oct 21 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13410-024-01407-4 Parasites polarize macrophages to protect against type 2 diabetes]

* 2024 Oct 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39167662/ Intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine-induced T cell responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice] -- [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.ado1941?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Full text]

* 2024 Oct 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39406912/ Monocytes/Macrophages in Helminth Infections: Key Players in Host Defence, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair] -- [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_13 Full text]

* 2024 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39458384/ Parasites and Microbiota: Dual Interactions and Therapeutic Perspectives] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11510500/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11510500/pdf/microorganisms-12-02076.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39411786/ Controlled infection with cryopreserved human hookworm induces CTLA-4 expression on Tregs and upregulates tryptophan metabolism] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11485773/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11485773/pdf/KGMI_16_2416517.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39185897/ Maternal Helminth Infection Causes Dysfunctional B Cell Development in Male Offspring] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/213/8/1157/267112 Full text]

* 2024 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39406758/ Immunomodulatory effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum ova on DSS-induced experimental colitis in C57BL/6 mouse] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11480399/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11480399/pdf/41598_2024_Article_73692.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39385244/ The role of helminths and their antigens in cancer therapy: insights from cell line models] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11465614/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11465614/pdf/13027_2024_Article_613.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39444692/ Immuno-therapeutic and prophylactic potential of Trichinella spiralis antigens for inflammatory bowel diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11497370/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11497370/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39367471/ Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11453045/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11453045/pdf/40001_2024_Article_2057.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39367320/ Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators: a systematic review of their promise in alleviating colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11451257/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11451257/pdf/12865_2024_Article_661.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39243725/ Gene: environment interactions in immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952791524000499?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39159711/ Helminth derivative tuftsin-phopshorylcholine to treat autoimmunity] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1568997224000922?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Sep 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39327550/ Parasite-enhanced immunotherapy: transforming the "cold" tumors to "hot" battlefields]

* 2024 Sep 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39327439/ Tuft cells in the intestine, immunity and beyond] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-024-00978-1 Full text]

* 2024 Sep 26 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573481v2.abstract Delineating markers of disease-disease interaction: a systematic methodology and its application to multiple diabetes-helminth cohorts] (preprint)

* 2024 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39314046/ Helminth-derived molecules: pathogenic and pharmacopeial roles] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11629161/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11629161/pdf/jbr-38-6-547.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Sep 26 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573481v2.abstract Delineating markers of disease-disease interaction: a systematic methodology and its application to multiple diabetes-helminth cohorts] (preprint)

* 2024 Sep 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39312581/ Human Ascaris infection is associated with higher frequencies of IL-10 producing B cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11537421/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11537421/pdf/pntd.0012520.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Sep 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39285481/ Anisakis extracellular vesicles elicit immunomodulatory and potentially tumorigenic outcomes on human intestinal organoids] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11406850/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11406850/pdf/13071_2024_Article_6471.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Sep 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39261424/ Probiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Major Depression: Doxa or Episteme?]

* 2024 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39263744/ Health-promoting worms? Prospects and pitfalls of helminth therapy] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bies.202400080 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202400080 PDF]

* 2024 Sep 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39243554/ Excretory/secretory antigens from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae ameliorate HFD-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via driving macrophage anti-inflammatory activity] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576924016242?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39296294/ Transcriptome profiling of macrophages persistently infected with human respiratory syncytial virus and effect of recombinant Taenia solium calreticulin on immune-related genes]

* 2024 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39336756/ Schistosoma japonicumsja-let-7 Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Cross-Species Regulation of Col1α2] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11431810/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11431810/pdf/genes-15-01165.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Sep 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39234909/ Immune-mediated Bowel Disease: Role of Intestinal Parasites and Gut Microbiome]

* 2024 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39221178/ Schistosoma excretory/secretory products: an untapped library of tolerogenic immunotherapeutics against food allergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359118/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359118/pdf/CTI2-13-e70001.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39623985/ Nippostrongylus brasiliensis alleviates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: a preliminary study] -- [https://www.zgxfzz.com/EN/abstract/abstract11567.shtml Full text] (chinese)

* 2024 Aug 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39186814/ S. mansoni -derived omega-1 prevents OVA-specific allergic airway inflammation via hampering of cDC2 migration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11379383/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11379383/pdf/ppat.1012457.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39179288/ Helminth protein enhances wound healing by inhibiting fibrosis and promoting tissue regeneration] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11342954/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11342954/pdf/LSA-2023-02249.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Advanced Science News. [https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/molecules-secreted-by-parasitic-worms-found-to-reduce-scarring-during-wound-healing/]) (Wound healing)

* 2024 Aug 22 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.609083v1.abstract MLL1 directs gut-associated antibody responses to helminth and bacterial infections] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.609083v1.full.pdf PDF] (preprint)

* 2024 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204303/ Geohelminths: Use in the Treatment of Selected Human Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356798/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356798/pdf/pathogens-13-00703.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39037247/ Echinococcus multilocularis serpin regulates macrophage polarization and reduces gut dysbiosis in colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320943/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320943/pdf/iai.00232-24.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39133750/ The impact of soil transmitted helminth on malaria clinical presentation and treatment outcome: A case control study among children in Bagamoyo district, coastal region of Tanzania] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11341094/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/39133750/ PDF]

* 2024 Aug 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39120805/ Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and Opisthorchis viverrini coinfections: insights into immune responses and clinical outcomes]

* 2024 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39211070/ Helminth-derived metabolites induce tolerogenic] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11360915/ Full text] | [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525718v2.full.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39103799/ Bacilli load in PTB- intestinal helminths co-infected and PTB non -infected patients at selected public health facilities in Jimma zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: comparative cross-sectional study] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299355/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299355/pdf/12879_2024_Article_9673.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Aug 2 [https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/identifying-novel-helminth-immunomodulatory-molecules Identifying Novel Helminth Immunomodulatory Molecules] -- [https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/136903520/VSHEK_Thesis_200924.pdf PDF] (Thesis)

* 2024 Aug 1 [https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.172249515.54772764 Amelioration of Clinical Scores in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Model through Expansion of Regulat] (Preprint)

* 2024 Aug 1 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/the-role-of-host-micrornas-and-helminth-derived-extracellular-ves The Role of Host microRNAs and Helminth-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Trichuris muris (Mouse Whipworm) Infection] -- [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/files/317272229/FULL_TEXT.PDF PDF] (Thesis)

* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38905933/ Schistosoma japonicum cystatin alleviates paraquat poisoning caused acute lung injury in mice through activating regulatory macrophages]

* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38724017/ Helminth Infections and Diabetes: Mechanisms Accounting for Risk Amelioration] -- [https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-100742 Full text]

* 2014 Aug [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vishav-Bharti-Thakur/publication/383567452_Helminth_therapy_for_autoimmune_disease_limitations_and_alternatives/links/66d2a8032390e50b2c21cfb8/Helminth-therapy-for-autoimmune-disease-limitations-and-alternatives.pdf Helminth therapy for autoimmune disorders: Limitations and alternatives]

* 2024 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38924546/ Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.16206 Full text]

* 2024 Jul 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39078229/ Current insights on gut microbiome and chronic urticaria: progress in the pathogenesis and opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11290762/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11290762/pdf/KGMI_16_2382774.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jul 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39073638/ Mining parasites for their potential as novel therapeutic agents against cancer] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12032-024-02458-7 Full text]

* 2024 Jul 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204209/ Interaction between Intestinal Parasites and the Gut Microbiota: Implications for the Intestinal Immune Response and Host Defence] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356857/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356857/pdf/pathogens-13-00608.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jul 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39013877/ Controlled human hookworm infection remodels plasmacytoid dendritic cells and regulatory T cells towards profiles seen in natural infections in endemic areas] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11252261/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11252261/pdf/41467_2024_Article_50313.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jul 12 [https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.172081277.74345772 Mechanisms of Helminth-Mediated Host Immunomodulation: A History and Overview of Current Research and Potential Applicat]

* 2024 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39022651/ The Parasite-Derived Peptide, FhHDM-1, Selectively Modulates miRNA Expression in β-Cells to Prevent Apoptotic Pathways Induced by Proinflammatory Cytokines]

* ✅ 2024 Jun 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38947109/ Reevaluating Biota Alteration: Reframing Environmental Influences on Chronic Immune Disorders and Exploring Novel Therapeutic Opportunities] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11202117/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11202117/pdf/yjbm_97_2_253.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39065669/ Pharmaceutical Potential of Remedial Plants and Helminths for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11279646/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11279646/pdf/pharmaceuticals-17-00819.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38977342/ Recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin alleviates acute liver injury in mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis] (Chinese)

* 2024 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38899916/ IL-9 plays a critical role in helminth-induced protection against COVID-19-related cytokine storms] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11253585/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11253585/pdf/mbio.01229-24.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39027544/ Animal healer for refractory diseases: Myth or reality?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11255451/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11255451/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38890291/ Structural basis for IL-33 recognition and its antagonism by the helminth effector protein HpARI2] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189471/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189471/pdf/41467_2024_Article_49550.pdf PDF] (Asthma)

* 2024 Jun 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38928413/ Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Modulating CD4+ T Cell Differentiation]

* 2024 Jun 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38888436/ Helminth-derived biomolecules as potential therapeutics against ulcerative colitis] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1750743X.2024.2360382 Full text]

* 2024 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38822662/ An insight into the gut microbiota after Schistosoma japonicum eggs immunization in an experimental ulcerative colitis model] -- [https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fj.202302576RR Full text]

* 2024 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38727220/ Helminth alleviates COVID-19-related cytokine storm in an IL-9-dependent way] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11237724/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11237724/pdf/mbio.00905-24.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38744291/ Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine promotes epithelial chloride secretion and intestinal helminth clearance]

* 2024 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38927075/ Anti-Inflammatory Responses Produced with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-Derived Uridine via the Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel and Its Anti-Atherosclerosis Effect in an Apolipoprotein E Gene Knockout Mouse Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11201709/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11201709/pdf/biomolecules-14-00672.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38663106/ Helminth-derived molecules improve 5-fluorouracil treatment on experimental colon tumorigenesis]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860753/ Evaluating the Toxocara cati extract as a therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation]

* 2024 Jun [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/5x21tn216 Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, enhances long-term potentiation and spatial memory and improves resistance to direct infection in mouse offspring] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/5138jm21w?locale=en PDF] (Thesis)

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38888451/ Succinate coenzyme A ligase β-like protein from Trichinella spiralis is a potential therapeutic molecule for allergic asthma] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11184933/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11184933/pdf/IID3-12-e1321.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38277692/ Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12153512/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12153512/pdf/nihms-2087670.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38808523/ Gastrointestinal nematode infection during pregnancy and lactation enhances spatial reference memory and reduces indicators of anxiety-like behaviour in uninfected adult female mouse offspring] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11474017/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11474017/pdf/S0031182024000696a.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38604301/ Helminth-induced impairment of humoral immunity differently contribute to their anti-arthritic effects in mice: Comparison of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489424000559?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Jun [https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/123760341/_final_signed_Using_helminth_secreted_proteins_to_treat_pathology_in_a_chronic_model_of_asthma_-_Tera_Birchall_Redacted.pdf Using helminth secreted proteins to treat pathology in a chronic model of asthma] (master)

* 2024 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38785193/ The prophylactic and therapeutic impact of Trichinella spiralis larvae excretory secretory antigens- loaded Ca-BTC metal organic frameworks on induced murine colitis]

* 2024 May 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38730262/ Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11087533/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11087533/pdf/41598_2024_Article_60865.pdf]

* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38712475/ Trichinella spiralis Larval Extract as a Biological Anti-Tumor Therapy in a Murine Model of Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma]

* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38445769/ Maternal-driven immune education in offspring] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imr.13315 Full text]

* 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38779712/ Taenia solium cysticerci's extracellular vesicles Attenuate the AKT/mTORC1 pathway for Alleviating DSS-induced colitis in a murine model]

* ⚡ 2024 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38609741/ Regulation of host metabolic health by parasitic helminths] -- [https://mywikis-eu-wiki-media.s3.eu-central-2.wasabisys.com/htwiki/Sikder_Trends-in-parasitology-2024.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687096/ Gut-lung axis and asthma: A historical review on mechanism and future perspective] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11060082/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11060082/pdf/CLT2-14-e12356.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38637733/ Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11025257/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11025257/pdf/12865_2024_Article_614.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38680500/ Myeloid A20 is critical for alternative macrophage polarization and type-2 immune-mediated helminth resistance] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045979/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045979/pdf/fimmu-15-1373745.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38598555/ Sja-let-7 suppresses the development of liver fibrosis via Schistosoma japonicum extracellular vesicles]

* 2024 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38581085/ The helminth-derived peptide, FhHDM-1, reverses the trained phenotype of NOD bone-marrow-derived macrophages and regulates proinflammatory responses] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.202350643 Full text] (diabetes)

* 2024 Apr 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38564496/ Impact of Strongyloides stercoralis infection on complement activation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from a clinical and anthelmintic intervention study] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10986927/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10986927/pdf/pntd.0012048.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr [https://journals.ekb.eg/article_351281.html An overview on intestinal parasites and gut microbiome: a bidirectional relationship]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38558086/ The effect of hydatid cyst protoscolex somatic antigens on full-thickness skin wound healing in mouse]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38331083/ Immunomodulation of streptozotocin induced Type 1 diabetes mellitus in mouse model by Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2) homologue of human lymphatic filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38648862/ Modulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by chronic small intestinal helminth infections] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.12749 Full text]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37832870/ Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Helminth-Derived Mimic Attenuate the Heart's Inflammatory Response to Ischemic Injury and Reduce Mature Scar Size] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12178337/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12178337/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38369180/ A potential role of protein extractions from Metagonimus yokogawai in amelionating inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]

* 2024 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37076961/ CsHscB Derived from a Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis Ameliorates Cholestatic Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis]

* 2024 Mar 30 [https://isom.ca/article/the-gaps-nutritional-protocol-as-a-dietary-treatment-for-inflammatory-bowel-disorders/ The GAPS Nutritional Protocol As a Dietary Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disorders: Analysis of Eight Case Studies]

* 2024 Mar 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38563013/ How tapeworms interact with cancers: a mini-review] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10984186/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10984186/pdf/peerj-12-17196.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38517214/ Association between helminth infection and allergic disorders among children in Batu, Ethiopia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10959016/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10959016/pdf/IID3-12-e1222.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Mar 22 [https://www.onlinescientificsresearch.com/journals/jcmrm/articles/therapeutic-use-of-parasites-in-the-treatment-of-inflammatory-bowel-disease.html Therapeutic use of Parasites in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease]

* 2024 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38325266/ Serine protease inhibitor from the muscle larval Trichinella spiralis ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via anti-inflammatory properties and gut-liver crosstalk] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332224001045?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38334208/ Epigenetic changes induced by parasitic worms and their excretory-secretory products]

* 2024 Feb 17 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-46712-7_2 The Players Within the Intestinal Microbiome (Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, and Viruses)]

* 2024 Feb 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38398873/ Between Dysbiosis, Maternal Immune Activation and Autism: Is There a Common Pathway?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10891846/pdf/nutrients-16-00549.pdf Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10891846/pdf/nutrients-16-00549.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37661007/ Mood Disorders: The Gut Bacteriome and Beyond] -- [https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(23)01532-9/fulltext Full text]

* 2024 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38151361/ The knowns and unknowns of helminth-host miRNA cross-kingdom communication] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(23)00294-5 Full text]

* 2024 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37848126/ Schistosoma-related molecules as a new strategy to combat type 1 diabetes through immune regulation]

* 2024 Jan 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38500783/ The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects against collagen-induced arthritis by resetting the gut-bone marrow axis in a microbiome-dependent manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615750/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615750/pdf/EMS194623.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38864109/ The emerging role of T helper 9 (Th9) cells in immunopathophysiology: A comprehensive review of their effects and responsiveness in various disease states] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08830185.2024.2364586?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Full text]

* 2024 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38357280/ Effect of Trichinella spiralis-Derived Antigens on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10863434/Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10863434/pdf/pt3c00276.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38275199/ The effects of Fasciola hepatica recombinant proteins (peroxiredoxin and cathepsin L1) on Crohn's disease experimental model]

* 2024 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38250940/ Modulatory Effects of Hydatid Cyst Fluid on a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819194/pdf/vetsci-11-00034.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2024 Jan 30 [https://www.authorea.com/users/727156/articles/709179-trichinella-spiralis-esp-inhibits-tumor-cell-growth-by-regulating-the-immune-response-and-inducing-apoptosis Trichinella spiralis ESP inhibits tumor cell growth by regulating the immune response and inducing apoptosis]

* 2024 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38064817/ Trichinella-derived protein ameliorates colitis by altering the gut microbiome and improving intestinal barrier function]

* 2024 Jan 29 [https://www.corpuspublishers.com/article-info/therapeutic-administration-of-trichuris--suis-ova-as-alternative-treatment-of--multiple-sclerosis%3A-a-mini-review-808 Therapeutic Administration of Trichuris Suis Ova as Alternative Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review]

* 2024 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38268530/ Alleviation of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inducing IDO Expression with Trichinella spiralis Recombinant Protein 43]

* 2024 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38218816/ Microbes little helpers and suppliers for therapeutic asthma approaches]

* 2024 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38249633/ The COVID-19 Severity and Its Association with Intestinal Parasite Coinfection and Urine Biochemical Parameters among COVID-19-Confirmed Patients Admitted to Debre Markos University COVID-19 Center, Northwest Ethiopia] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10799708/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10799708/pdf/BMRI2024-3064374.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39916482/ Helminths in alternative therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11834367/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11834367/pdf/ir-2023-00059.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38018982/ Fasciola hepatica GST mu-class suppresses the cytokine storm induced by E. coli-lipopolysaccharide, whereas it modulates the dynamic of peritoneal macrophages in a mouse model and suppresses the classical activation of macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782955/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782955/pdf/spectrum.03475-23.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38744292/ Tuft cell acetylcholine is released into the gut lumen to promote anti-helminth immunity] -- [https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(24)00223-1 Full text]

* 2024 Jan 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38172977/ Galectin from Trichinella spiralis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10763409/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10763409/pdf/13567_2023_Article_1262.pdf PDF]

* 2024 Jan 2 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482289v2.abstract Mucin-degrading gut bacteria promote anti-parasitic immunity] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482289v2.full.pdf PDF] preprint

* 2024 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37914152/ Effect of macrophage polarization on parasitic protection against type 1 diabetes mellitus] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001448942300190X?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2024 Jan [https://open.uct.ac.za/items/5e119a08-77bd-4fc1-bb93-604b00fb2c7b Regulation of HPV infection and cervical cancer development following a helminth infection] -- [https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstreams/81e3ca1e-33a9-467d-a45e-82e7a509df6c/download PDF] (Thesis, Cape Town)

* 2024 [https://avesis.omu.edu.tr/yayin/e6621f1d-f176-4d00-997d-60fcf8b30590/can-parasites-be-useful-parazitler-yararli-olabilir-mi Can Parasites be Useful?] -- [https://turkiyeparazitolderg.org/pdf/c1dc3a38-51db-436b-af33-1bc7522029b3/articles/tpd.galenos.2024.43760/120-127.pdf PDF]

* 2024 [https://journals.rcsi.science/raj/article/view/260063 Immunomodulatory effect of hemozoin from Opisthorchis felineus and its participation in reducing allergic inflammation through activation of the inflammasome]

* 2024 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/44111 Heligmosomoides polygyrus-induced serum factors limit respiratory syncytial virus titres; a potential role for CCL8] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/44111/OkweraLTKA_2025.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Master of science)

* 2024 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323991308000106 The Protective Role of Helminths in Autoimmunity] (chapter of Infection and Autoimmunity (Third Edition))

* 2024 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128238486000038 Effect of infections on multiple sclerosis] (chapter of Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2024 [https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2977 Multidirectional influence of helminths on allergic diseases and immunity] (Russian)

* 2024 [https://roderic.uv.es/items/a04a80cd-1f85-4f14-82ca-29dccd1f58fc Efecto protector de vesículas extracelulares de Fasciola hepatica en inflamación intestinal] (Thesis, Spanish)

* 2024 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/f1770935-d577-411e-ad15-5d53e556e007 Productos excretados/secretados de Taenia crassiceps como adyuvante al 5-Fluoracilo, y su efecto regulador sobre la expresión de P53 y P21 en el tratamiento de cáncer de colon asociado a colitis] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2024 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-45403-6_7 Parasites as Beneficial Organisms?] (Book chapter of "Parasites")

===2023===

* 2023 Dec 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203591/ The Roles of Various Immune Cell Populations in Immune Response against Helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10778651/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10778651/pdf/ijms-25-00420.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36620087/ Trichinella pseudospiralis-secreted 53 kDa protein ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis by inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9813687/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9813687/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Dec 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38066526/ Therapeutic effect of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid on bacterial sepsis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10709918/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10709918/pdf/13071_2023_Article_6021.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37345483/ Impact of pinworm infection on the development of murine B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in the presence and absence of ETV6::RUNX1] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10690896/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10690896/pdf/1083480.pdf PDF] (editorial [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10690889/ Worm on stage])

* 2023 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38140874/ A review of the clinical progress on helminths and their derivative products in autoimmune disease] (Chinese)

* 2023 Dec [https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_329549.html Parasites From Morbidity to Remedy]

* 2023 Dec [https://scholar.archive.org/work/axadea6emjewtaf52tpsz36upi/access/wayback/https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/download/1355/828 Potential association of strongyloides stercoralis and its effectivity against type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of scientific attestation]

* 2023 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38016013/ Immunosuppressive ability of Trichinella spiralis adults can ameliorate type 2 inflammation in a murine allergy model]

* 2023 Nov 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38132291/ Sja-Let-7 Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in a Mouse Model via Col1α2]

* 2023 Nov 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38077318/ Protection against lung pathology during obesity-accelerated ageing in mice by the parasitic worm product ES-62]

* 2023 Nov 15 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3663054 Gut environment and socioeconomic status: a study of children in urban area of Makassar] (Thesis)

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37718988/ The immunomodulatory effects of the C-type lectin protein of Toxocara canis on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2023 Nov [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/177601 Investigating the impact of the parasite derived peptide FhHDM-1 on β-cell survival and function] (Thesis)

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38152266/ Amelioration of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model by Trichinella spiralis novel cystatin]

* ✅ 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37449458/ Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.15812 Full text] | [[media:Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction.pdf | PDF]]

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35748460/ "Out of the box" new therapeutic strategies for Crohn´s disease: moving beyond biologics] -- [https://www.reed.es/ArticuloFicha.aspx?id=9244&hst=0&idR=126&tp=1 Full text]

* 2023 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37429945/ Type 2 immunity in the brain and brain borders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616183/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616183/pdf/41423_2023_Article_1043.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 19 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3644030 Urbanization in Indonesia and its impact on non-communicable diseases: a clinical, epidemiological, and immunological study] (Thesis)

* 2023 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37845695/ Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate myocardial infarction by inducing M2 macrophage polarization in a mouse model]

* 2023 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37831637/ Associations between soil-transmitted helminth infections and physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk in primary schoolchildren from Gqeberha, South Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575529/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575529/pdf/pntd.0011664.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38239430/ Immunomodulatory proteins from hookworms reduce cardiac inflammation and modulate regulatory responses in a mouse model of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10795693/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10795693/pdf/fpara-02-1244604.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37926467/ Protective effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin against acute kidney injury associated with acute liver failure in mice] (Chinese)

* 2023 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37788409/ Excretory/Secretory Products from Schistosoma japonicum Eggs Alleviate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10547495/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10547495/pdf/pntd.0011625.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37789420/ The impact of helminth-induced immunity on infection with bacteria or viruses] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10548622/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10548622/pdf/13567_2023_Article_1216.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37638887/ Targeting helminths: The expanding world of type 2 immune effector mechanisms] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460967/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460967/pdf/JEM_20221381.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Oct [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/177148 Modulation of macrophage metabolism and function by the helminth peptide FhHDM-1] -- [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/177148/1/thesis.pdf PDF] (thesis)

* 2023 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37762428/ The Impact of Intestinal Inflammation on Nematode's Excretory-Secretory Proteome] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531923/ Full Text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531923/pdf/ijms-24-14127.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37772259/ The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10524266/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10524266/pdf/falgy-04-1220481.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37762297/ Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530578/ Full Text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530578/pdf/ijms-24-13994.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37699869/ Metabolic heterogeneity of tissue-resident macrophages in homeostasis and during helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10497597/ Full Text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10497597/pdf/41467_2023_Article_41353.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Sep [https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Helminths-modulation-of-intestinal-barrier-function/9926503779101891 Helminths' modulation of intestinal barrier function] (Doctoral thesis)

* 2023 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37487870/ Conquering rheumatic diseases: are parasitic worms the answer?] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/fulltext/S1471-4922(23)00146-0 Full text] | [https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1471-4922%2823%2900146-0 PDF]

* 2023 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37745942/ Hookworm infection induces glycometabolic modulation in South Indian individuals with type 2 diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514067/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514067/pdf/main.pdf PDF]. With details in 2022 Jul [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/85260/ Experimental hookworm infection in humans with metabolic disease] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/85260/1/JCU_85260_Pierce_2022_Thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis)

* 2023 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37635188/ Regulation and function of adiponectin in the intestinal epithelial cells in response to Trichinella spiralis infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460792/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10460792/pdf/41598_2023_Article_41377.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Aug 21 [https://www.labonline.com.au/content/life-scientist/article/hookworms-could-offer-protection-from-severe-covid-1149206477 Hookworms could offer protection from severe COVID]

* 2023 Aug 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37629622/ The Underrated Gut Microbiota Helminths, Bacteriophages, Fungi, and Archaea] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10455619/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10455619/pdf/life-13-01765.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Aug 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585413/ The gut microbiota contributes to changes in the host immune response induced by Trichinella spiralis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10431649/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10431649/pdf/pntd.0011479.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37580819/ Inhibition of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis triggered by Trichinella spiralis intervention contributes to the alleviation of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10424392/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10424392/pdf/13071_2023_Article_5857.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37579625/ A target-based discovery from a parasitic helminth as a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases] -- [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(23)00316-X/fulltext Full text]

* 2023 Aug 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37566678/ Exposure to lung-migrating helminth protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage-dependent T cell activation]

* 2023 Aug 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622109/ Negative association between ascaris lumbricoides seropositivity and Covid-19 severity: insights from a study in Benin] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10446766/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10446766/pdf/fimmu-14-1233082.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37495576/ Effect of experimental hookworm infection on insulin resistance in people at risk of type 2 diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10372076/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10372076/pdf PDF], [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-08-01/research-finds-live-hookworm-safe-promising-diabetes/102670418 media coverage on ABC Australia]

* 2023 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37564976/ How do parasitic worms prevent diabetes? An exploration of their influence on macrophage and β-cell crosstalk] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10411736/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10411736/pdf/fendo-14-1205219.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jul 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37511355/ Antigens from the Helminth Fasciola hepatica Exert Antiviral Effects against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10380311/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10380311/pdf/ijms-24-11597.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jul 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37533870/ Gut microbiota: a newly identified environmental factor in systemic lupus erythematosus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10390700/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10390700/pdf/fimmu-14-1202850.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jul 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37520436/ Editorial: "You shall not pass" or "Let`s make a deal" - crosstalk between helminths and the host immune system]

* 2023 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37116772/ Ex vivo Immuno-modulatory effect of Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer during allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma: A study in Algerian Patients]

* 2023 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37282739/ Oral administration of helminth fluid modulates distinct tuft cell and immune-metabolic cues linked to reduced body fat]

* 2023 Jun 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37119907/ Helminth-derived biomacromolecules as therapeutic agents for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases: What lessons do we get from recent findings?]

* 2023 Jun 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37355675/ Interaction between tissue-dwelling helminth and the gut microbiota drives mucosal immunoregulation] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41522-023-00410-7 Full text]

* 2023 Jun 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37292031/ The mouse model of chronic asthma: Airway remodelling and disease exacerbation by somatic antigen of Echinococcus granulosus]

* 2023 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37383608/ The Potential Nexus between Helminths and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Literature Review] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299886/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299886/pdf/JIR2023-5544819.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37318363/ Controlled Hookworm Infection for Medication-free Maintenance in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot, Double-blind, Randomized Control Trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11063543/ Full Text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11063543/pdf/izad110.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun 12 [https://www.jsczz.cn/EN/10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.02.001 Research advances of the immune regulation of helminths and their derived molecules on mite-induced asthma] (Chinese)

* 2023 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37296126/ The interaction of Schistosoma mansoni infection with diabetes mellitus and obesity in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10256771/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10256771/pdf/41598_2023_Article_36112.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37294277/ After Bone Marrow Transplantation, the Cell-Intrinsic Th2 Pathway Promotes Recipient T Lymphocyte Survival and Regulates Graft-versus-Host Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10580113/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10580113/pdf/ih2300021.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37346033/ Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 ameliorates allergic symptoms and responses in mice with allergic rhinitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10279851/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10279851/pdf/fcimb-13-1143950.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991291/ Anti-Tumor Effect of Protoscolex Hydatid Cyst Somatic Antigen on Inhibition Cell Growth of K562]

* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37058749/ Intervention effects of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens on allergic asthma in mice]

* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37207504/ Proteomic profile of Trichinella spiralis infected mice with acute spinal cord injury: A 4D label-free quantitative analysis]

* 2023 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37076358/ Dangerous liaisons: how helminths manipulate the intestinal epithelium]

* 2023 Jun [https://repository.univ-msila.dz/items/7987d3ff-f6e5-48dc-aabb-d19a00049b5f/full Echinococcose kystique et l'helmintho-thérapie] -- [https://repository.univ-msila.dz/server/api/core/bitstreams/de28cb6f-60a2-4af2-af13-116215e0a57b/content PDF] (mémoire de master en français / in french)

* 2023 May 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37325618/ How to train your myeloid cells: a way forward for helminth vaccines?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10266106/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10266106/pdf/fimmu-14-1163364.pdf PDF]

* 2023 May 25 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/181051 Immunomodulatory properties of helminth-produced molecules and their effect during autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases] (Bachelor thesis, Czech)

* 2023 May 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37076961/ CsHscB Derived from a Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis Ameliorates Cholestatic Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis] -- [https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/131080 Full text]

* 2023 May 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37251384/ Induction of Siglec-FhiCD101hi eosinophils in the lungs following murine hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10213982/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10213982/pdf/fimmu-14-1170807.pdf PDF]

* 2023 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36890022/ Helminthic host defense peptides: using the parasite to defend the host] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(23)00033-8 Full text]

* 2023 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/210/Supplement_1/156.01/7947818 Enteric helminth infection confers protection against lethal respiratory influenza virus infection]

* 2023 May [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/s7526j95z Coordinated Parasitic and Microbial Mechanisms Regulate Effector CD8+ T cell Heterogeneity during Helminth Infection] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/j9602641m?locale=en PDF] (thesis)

* 2023 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37038955/ Immunological interactions in helminths-SARS CoV-2 coinfection: Could old enemy be a friend today?]

* 2023 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37189818/ Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10135676/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10135676/pdf/biomedicines-11-01200.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Apr 12 [https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(23)00078-1 Networking between helminths, microbes, and mammals]

* 2023 Apr [https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_297352.html Intestinal parasites-gut microbiota interactions: A review]

* 2023 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36848791/ The Trichinella spiralis-derived antigens alleviate HFD-induced obesity and inflammation in mice]

* 2023 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36063358/ Impact of helminth-microbiome interactions on childhood health and development-A clinical perspective] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pim.12949 Full text]

* 2023 Mar 25 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369895304_Trichinella_spiralis_as_a_Potential_Antitumor_Agent_An_Update Trichinella spiralis as a Potential Antitumor Agent: An Update] | [https://wvj.science-line.com/attachments/article/75/WVJ%2013(1),%2065-74%20,%20March%2025,%202023.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36993541/ Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine regulates epithelial fluid secretion] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10055254/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10055254/pdf/nihpp-2023.03.17.533208v2.pdf PDF] (preprint)

* 2023 Mar 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37020538/ Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10067736/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10067736/pdf/fimmu-14-1091352.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Mar 15 [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.23287270v1 Immune profiling, microbiome, metabolomics, and gut physiology of a 1-year controlled human hookworm infection] (Preprint)

* 2023 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36918707/ Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection increases presence of the Ruminococcus torques group in the gut and alters the microbial proteome] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10012286/ Full PDF] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10012286/pdf/41598_2023_Article_31118.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36827239/ Effects of helminths and anthelmintic treatment on cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors: A systematic review] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9956023/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9956023/pdf/pntd.0011022.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36788341/ Maternal helminth infection protects offspring from high-fat-diet-induced obesity through altered microbiota and SCFAs]

* 2023 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36780522/ Helminth egg derivatives as proregenerative immunotherapies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9974432/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9974432/pdf/pnas.202211703.pdf PDF] (improved repair and decreased fibrosis)

* 2023 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36785786/ COVID-19 morbidity in lower versus higher income populations underscores the need to restore lost biodiversity of eukaryotic symbionts] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9908430/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Feb 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36926255/ High-fat-diet induced obesity and diabetes mellitus in Th1 and Th2 biased mice strains: A brief overview and hypothesis]

* 2023 Feb 2 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3514630 Exploring host-immune-microbial interactions during intestinal schistosomiasis] -- [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3514632/view PDF] (thesis)

* 2023 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36582052/ Antigen B modulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2023 Jan 26 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3513911 Extinguishing metaflammation: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities for immunological control of metabolic dysfunctions] -- [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3513913/view PDF] (Thesis)

* 2023 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36761766/ The helminth derived peptide FhHDM-1 redirects macrophage metabolism towards glutaminolysis to regulate the pro-inflammatory response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9905698/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9905698/pdf/fimmu-14-1018076.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36818309/ Species interactions, stability, and resilience of the gut microbiota - Helminth assemblage in horses] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9929684/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9929684/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836678/ Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959133/pdf/life-13-00321.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36662839/ Helminth species-specific effects on IFN-γ producing T cells during active and latent tuberculosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9891516/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9891516/pdf/pntd.0011094.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39816467/ Immunomodulators secreted from parasitic helminths act on pattern recognition receptors] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731691/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731691/pdf/fpara-01-1091596.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36855464/ Protection from T cell-dependent colitis by the helminth-derived immunomodulatory mimic of transforming growth factor-β, Hp-TGM] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958376/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958376/pdf/kyad001.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36641059/ Heat shock protein 60 in parasitic helminths: a role in immune responses and therapeutic applications] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/36668953/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/36668953/ PDF]

* 2023 Jan 6 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/36668953/ PD-L2 Blockade Exacerbates Liver Lesion in Mice Infected with Capillaria hepatica through Reducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9866821/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9866821/pdf/tropicalmed-08-00046.pdf PDF]

* 2023 Jan-Fev [https://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0038-23532023000100008&script=sci_arttext Immunological interaction during helminth and HIV co-infection: Integrative research needs for sub-Saharan Africa]

* 2023 [https://depot.ensv.dz:8443/jspui/handle/123456789/2797 Etude bibliographique sur l’effet immunosuppresseur et thérapeutique des helminthes] (Mémoire, French)

===2022===

* 2022 Dec 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36654940/ Intestinal parasites and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9841285/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9841285/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36601618/ Does the trained immune system play an important role in the extreme longevity that is seen in the Sardinian blue zone?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806115/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806115/pdf/fragi-03-1069415.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 16 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366986476_Antigen_specificity_of_the_adaptive_immune_response_against_helminths Antigen specificity of the adaptive immune response against helminths] (Thesis)

* 2022 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36558882/ rCsHscB Derived from Clonorchis sinensis: A Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury by Repression of Inflammation]

* 2022 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36517588/ Wound healing approach based on excretory-secretory product and lysate of liver flukes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9751068/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9751068/pdf/41598_2022_Article_26275.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36569142/ The impact of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal helminth infections on gastric adenocarcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease in Sub-Saharan Africa] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780450/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780450/pdf/fmed-09-1013779.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36476263/ Gut microbiome of helminth-infected indigenous Malaysians is context dependent] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727879/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727879/pdf/40168_2022_Article_1385.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36426972/ The Impact of Helminth Coinfection on Innate and Adaptive Immune Resistance and Disease Tolerance during Toxoplasmosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10065986/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10065986/pdf/nihms-1839921.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Dec 1 [https://univ-pau.hal.science/hal-03887621/ Worms or sugar? Mass deworming treatment doubles the probability to suffer from diabetes ten to fifteen years later] (preprint)

* 2022 Dec [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=9587653 Parásitos como terapia para enfermedades humanas: Una revisión de los ensayos clínicos con terapia helmíntica] (Spanish)
* 2022 Nov 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36370451/ Following the Indian Immigrant: adoption of westernization results in a western gut microbiome and an increased risk of inflammatory bowel diseases] -- [https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/femsec/fiac133 Full text]

* 2022 Nov 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36558772/ The Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta as an Important Model Organism in the Experimental Parasitology of the 21st Century] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784563/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784563/pdf/pathogens-11-01439.pdf PDF] (HDC)

* 2022 Nov 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36482987/ Modulatory effect of filarial infection on the systemic hormone levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (DM-LF5)]

* 2022 Nov 21 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494558v2.full.pdf Natural strongyle infection reduces relative abundance of inflammation-inducing Prevotella in wild primates] (Preprint)

* 2022 Nov 20 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971223002527 Demystifying the gut worms] (Conference)

* 2022 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36443262/ Schistosoma japonicum Eggs Exerts Protective Effects in an Experimental Ulcerative Colitis Model] -- [https://www.besjournal.com/en/article/doi/10.3967/bes2022.138 Full text]

* 2022 Nov 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36371346/ Fasciola hepatica extract suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro and alleviates experimental arthritis] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42358-022-00275-y Full text]

* 2022 Nov 10 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515832v1 Helminth exposure protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage dependent T cell activation] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515832v1.full Full text] | [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515832v1.full.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36405424/ Evaluation of delayed LNFPIII treatment initiation protocol on improving long-term behavioral and neuroinflammatory pathology in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness]

* 2022 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39816470/ The immunology of parasite infections: Grand challenges] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11732110/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11732110/pdf/fpara-01-1069205.pdf PDF] (editorial)

* 2022 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36359526/ Immunological Interactions between Intestinal Helminth Infections and Tuberculosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9689268/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9689268/pdf/diagnostics-12-02676.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36362143/ Helminths and Bacterial Microbiota: The Interactions of Two of Humans’ “Old Friends”] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9658883/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9658883/pdf/ijms-23-13358.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35906137/ Hymenolepis diminuta] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(22)00154-4 Abstract] (HDC)

* 2022 Nov [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anas-E-Almousawi/publication/365401339_Did_helminths_guard_against_autoimmune_conditions/links/6373bbfd54eb5f547cd5ab93/Did-helminths-guard-against-autoimmune-conditions.pdf Did helminths guard against autoimmune conditions?]

* 2022 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36289514/ Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and antigen B may decrease inflammatory bowel disease through regulation of M1/2 polarization] -- [https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05498-y Full text]

* 2022 Oct 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36240286/ Resident TH2 cells orchestrate adipose tissue remodeling at a site adjacent to infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11905186/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11905186/pdf/nihms-1861112.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct 22 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9783527823413.ch19 The Host–Helminth Interface as a Rich Resource for Novel Drug Targets] chapter of "Human and Animal Filariases: Landscape, Challenges, and Control" book

* 2022 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36297265/ Inhibition Effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Its Derivatives against Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice through Anti-Inflammatory Response] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1208/htm Full text]

* 2022 Oct 19 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/80602 Helminths Derived Immune-Modulatory Molecules: Implications in Host-Parasite Interaction] (Book chapter of Parasitic Helminths and Zoonoses - From Basic to Applied Research)

* 2022 Oct 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36304936/ Protective effect of Schistosoma japonicum eggs on TNBS-induced colitis is associated with regulating Treg/Th17 balance and reprogramming glycolipid metabolism in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9592807/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9592807/pdf/fcimb-12-1028899.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36297220/ A New Role for Old Friends: Effects of Helminth Infections on Vaccine Efficacy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9608950/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9608950/pdf/pathogens-11-01163.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36194274/ Identification and expression of a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) homologue in the tropical liver fluke Fasciola gigantica] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-022-07679-1 Full text]

* 2022 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36263053/ Helminth infection and helminth-derived products: A novel therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573989/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573989/pdf/fimmu-13-999412.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35758054/ Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885513/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885513/pdf/IMM-167-197.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35843307/ Toxocara canis extract fractions promote mainly the production of Th1 and regulatory cytokines by human leukocytes in vitro] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X22002716?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35932662/ Gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus: A fuse and a solution] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0896841122000750?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Oct [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/2v23w0083 Helminth Infection Modulation of Antigen-Induced-Arthritis: Characterizing the Effects of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus Bakeri Infection on Murine Knee Joint Inflammation] (Thesis, McGill) (intermediate [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPL5YxGfNQ8 Youtube presentation])

* 2022 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36175934/ Whipworm secretions and their roles in host-parasite interactions] -- [https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05483-5 Full text]

* 2022 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36238295/ Excretory/secretory proteins inhibit host immune responses by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathway: A possible mechanism of immune evasion in parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9551057/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9551057/pdf/fimmu-13-1013159.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 23 [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.508369v1.abstract Intestinal helminth infection impairs oral and parenteral vaccine efficacy] -- [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.508369v1.full.pdf Full pdf] (preprint)

* 2021 Sep 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34550875/ Infection-exposure in infancy is associated with reduced allergy-related disease in later childhood in a Ugandan cohort] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8457824/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8457824/pdf/elife-66022.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36211336/ Extracellular vesicles derived from Trichinella Spiralis larvae promote the polarization of macrophages to M2b type and inhibit the activation of fibroblasts] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9532625/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9532625/pdf/fimmu-13-974332.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39816468/ Immunomodulatory and biological properties of helminth-derived small molecules: Potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731824/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731824/pdf/fpara-01-984152.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36186812/ Peptides derived from hookworm anti-inflammatory proteins suppress inducible colitis in mice and inflammatory cytokine production by human cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9524151/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9524151/pdf/fmed-09-934852.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36084127/ Cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9491586/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9491586/pdf/pntd.0010774.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36070344/ Monocytes maintain central nervous system homeostasis following helminth-induced inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9478671/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9478671/pdf/pnas.202201645.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 6 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1062359022040070 Parasitic Infections and Intestinal Microbiota: A Review]

* 2022 Sep 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037362/ Novel antiinflammatory biologics shaped by parasite-host coevolution] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9457177/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9457177/pdf/pnas.202202795.pdf PDF] (critique 2022 Sep 13 [https://crev.info/2022/09/co-evolution-helminth/ Does Co-Evolution Explain Helminth Therapy?] (IBD)

* 2022 Sep 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35938990/ Helminth-induced reprogramming of the stem cell compartment inhibits type 2 immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9365672/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9365672/pdf/JEM_20212311.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057627/ Sirtuin 6 maintains epithelial STAT6 activity to support intestinal tuft cell development and type 2 immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9440928/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9440928/pdf/41467_2022_Article_32846.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35621040/ Exploring the role of macrophages in determining the pathogenesis of liver fluke infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010472/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010472/pdf/S0031182022000749a.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35712983/ The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pim.12939 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pim.12939 PDF]

* 2022 Aug 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36045216/ Food for thought - ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9705246/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9705246/pdf/41385_2022_Article_559.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36105811/ The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects the osteoimmunology axis in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated ageing] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9465317/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9465317/pdf/fimmu-13-953053.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36041486/ Trichinella Infection Ameliorated Vincristine-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9441445/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9441445/pdf/kjp-60-4-247.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36116939/ Role of alternative activation of macrophages in hookworm therapy for inflammatory diseases: a review] -- [https://www.zgxfzz.com/EN/abstract/abstract11356.shtml Full text] (Chinese)

* 2022 Aug 17 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9423606/ Helminth species dependent effects on Th1 and Th17 cytokines in active tuberculosis patients and healthy community controls] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9423606/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9423606/pdf/pntd.0010721.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35964125/ Immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus by adjuvant-free Schistosoma japonicum-egg tip-loaded asymmetric microneedle patch (STAMP)] -- [https://jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12951-022-01581-9 Full text]

* 2022 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36040420/ Early life mebendazole exposure increases the risk of adult-onset ulcerative colitis: a population-based cohort study]

* 2022 Aug 9 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-00303-5_4 Under the Influence: The Systemic Consequences of Helminth Infection] (chapter of "Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health" book)

* 2022 Aug 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35955110/ Hymenolepis diminuta Infection Affects Apoptosis in the Small and Large Intestine] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368115/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368115/pdf/ijerph-19-09753.pdf PDF] (HDC)

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36054460/ Evaluation of the immunoregulatory effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EAE model] (Multiple sclerosis)

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35926464/ Adenosine metabolized from extracellular ATP promotes type 2 immunity through triggering A2BAR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9402265/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9402265/pdf/nihms-1828073.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Aug 2 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-00303-5_17 Can the Study of Parasitic Helminths Be Fruitful for Human Diseases?] book chapter of "Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health"

* 2022 Aug 1 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/15/7743 Cytokines, Chemokines, Insulin and Haematological Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats Infected with Trichinella zimbabwensis]

* 2022 Aug 1 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/8/1235?fbclid=IwAR2Y4zm19t6UklmkK0WiNZEJyzDWZpqYKNYygzA1UkEFoaMUt9djgtn0vHk Harnessing Immune Evasion Strategy of Lymphatic Filariae: A Therapeutic Approach against Inflammatory and Infective Pathology] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/8/1235/htm Full text]

* 2022 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35649322/ Antigens from the parasitic nematode Trichuris suis induce metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity to constrain inflammatory responses in macrophages] || [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043466622001284?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35691271/ Trichinella spiralis cystatin alleviates polymicrobial sepsis through activating regulatory macrophages] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576922003915?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Jul 27 [https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-anthro-101819-110236 The Ecoimmunology of Health and Disease: The Hygiene Hypothesis and Plasticity in Human Immune Function]

* 2022 Jul 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35911717/ The Protective Effect of the Soluble Egg Antigen of Schistosoma japonicum in A Mouse Skin Transplantation Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9332893/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9332893/pdf/fimmu-13-884006.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jul 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35804460/ The production of Necator americanus larvae for use in experimental human infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9264692/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9264692/pdf/13071_2022_Article_5371.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35523284/ Trichinella spiralis infection ameliorates the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced experimental colitis in mice]

* 2022 Jul [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/85260/ Experimental hookworm infection in humans with metabolic disease] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/85260/1/JCU_85260_Pierce_2022_Thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis, James Cook)

* 2022 Jun 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35844529/ Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back]

* 2022 Jun 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35764965/ Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9241220/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9241220/pdf/12916_2022_Article_2441.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35748460/ "Out of the box" new therapeutic strategies for Crohn’s disease: moving beyond biologics] | [https://online.reed.es/DOI/PDF/ArticuloDOI_9010.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35732819/ Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome] -- [https://www.mucosalimmunology.org/article/S1933-0219(22)01749-4/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.mucosalimmunology.org/action/showPdf?pii=S1933-0219%2822%2901749-4 PDF]

* 2022 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35790432/ Protective effect of excretory-secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae against myocardial injury in septic mice] (Chinese)

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747061/ Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211007/pdf/eoac009.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35757733/ Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: The Expanding World of Helminth Modulation of the Immune System] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9229775/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9229775/pdf/fimmu-13-874308.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35675339/ Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9212162/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9212162/pdf/pntd.0010491.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35697723/ Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection enhances spatial memory of uninfected juvenile mouse pups] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9192650/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9192650/pdf/41598_2022_Article_13971.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35692479/ Mitigation of Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis by Trichinellaspiralis infection pinpointing immunomodulation]

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34968529/ Helminth infections and allergic diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global literature]

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35774197/ Nematode surface functionalization with hydrogel sheaths tailored in situ] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9237936/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9237936/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun [https://dspace.umh.es/handle/11000/28420 Respuesta inmune frente a nemátodos intestinales] -- [https://dspace.umh.es/bitstream/11000/28420/1/MART%c3%8dNEZ%20LUJ%c3%81N%2c%20CARMEN%20.pdf PDF] (pharmacy thesis)

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35428872/ Tissue-based IL-10 signalling in helminth infection limits IFNγ expression and promotes the intestinal Th2 response] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705258/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705258/pdf/41385_2022_Article_513.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35680972/ Tissue-specific immunity in helminth infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9178325/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9178325/pdf/41385_2022_Article_531.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35639713/ Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: Impact on diabetic complication-related renal biochemical parameters] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9154194/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9154194/pdf/pone.0269080.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 26 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-1786-8_2 Parasitic Helminths of Medical and Public Health Importance] (Book chapter from [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-19-1786-8 "Molecular Systematics of Parasitic Helminths"])

* 2022 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35720355/ Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein 1 Modulates T cell Polarization by Promoting Dendritic Cell Thrombospondin-1 Secretion Without Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis in Obese Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9204345/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9204345/pdf/fimmu-13-884663.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615625/ Trichinella-induced immunomodulation: Another tale of helminth success] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9125654/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9125654/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35357743/ Helminthic dehydrogenase drives PGE2 and IL-10 production in monocytes to potentiate Treg induction] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9066053/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9066053/pdf/EMBR-23-e54096.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35499991/ Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9098094/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9098094/pdf/pntd.0010105.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35073608/ Association between allergic sensitization and intestinal parasite infection in schoolchildren in Gqeberha, South Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310757/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310757/pdf/CEA-52-670.pdf PDF]

* 2022 May [https://www.proquest.com/openview/ed7b8d9d677bbda6871ef71c1d7141d1/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Effects of Schistosoma Mansoni and Other Helminths on Gastrointestinal Mucosal and Cardiometabolic Diseases] (masters dissertation)

* 2022 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35509426/ How the gut parasitome affects human health] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9058362/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9058362/pdf/10.1177_17562848221091524.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39816472/ Frontiers in Parasitology Grand Challenge] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11731821/ Full text]

* 2022 Apr 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35625566/ Administration of Hookworm Excretory/Secretory Proteins Improves Glucose Tolerance in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9138508/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9138508/pdf/biomolecules-12-00637.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr 19 [https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1556365/v1/bb5bf2db-ddca-4b71-8c35-d5e3511072be.pdf AntigenB drives M1/M2 polarization following Echinococcus granulosus infection in inflammatory bowel disease] (preprint)

* 2022 Apr 15 [https://dash.harvard.edu/entities/publication/41e6dd3b-cfdb-4dfc-88bc-8eba1114db02 Microbiota-Epithelial-Eosinophil Interactions in the Gut] -- [https://dash.harvard.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/2dd86901-7968-497c-863c-34f5b0f485dd/content PDF] (thesis)

* 2022 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35385697/ Epithelial STAT6 O-GlcNAcylation drives a concerted anti-helminth alarmin response dependent on tuft cell hyperplasia and Gasdermin C] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109499/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109499/pdf/nihms-1791543.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35353624/ Ascarosides from helminths pack a punch against allergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9169083/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9169083/pdf/pnas.202202250.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr-Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36032740/ Anticancer Activity of Hydatid Cyst Fluid along with Antigen B on Tumors Induced by 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell in a BALB/c Mice Model]

* 2022 Apr [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/zp38wj78f The Analysis and Characterization of the Excretory/Secretory Products of Parasitic Helminths as Immunomodulators of Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (Master)

* 2022 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35151653/ Helminth antigens modulate human PBMCs, attenuating disease progression in a humanised mouse model of graft versus host disease]

* 2022 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35191175/ Targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic β-cells to enhance their survival and function: An emerging therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9060113/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9060113/pdf/JDB-14-247.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35313265/ Relevance of Helminth-Microbiota interplay in the host immune response] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0008874922000235?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Mar 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35357756/ A Good Day for Helminths: how parasite-derived GDH suppresses inflammatory responses] -- [https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embr.202255054 Full text]

* 2022 Mar 23 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-91051-8_2 Human Evolution, Microorganisms, Socioeconomic Status and Reconciling Necessary Microbial Exposures with Essential Hygien] chapter of "Evolution, Biodiversity and a Reassessment of the Hygiene Hypothesis" book

* 2022 Mar 23 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/80931 Therapeutic Properties of Trichinella spiralis (Nematoda) in Chronic Degenerative Diseases] chapter from "Parasitic Helminths and Zoonoses - From Basic to Applied Research" (Lupus)

* 2022 Mar 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35582426/ SJMHE1 protects against excessive iodine-induced pyroptosis in human thyroid follicular epithelial cells through a toll-like receptor 2-dependent pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9108411/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9108411/pdf/ijmsv19p0631.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Mar 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35386686/ Parasitomimetics: Can We Utilize Parasite-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules for Interventions to Immunological Disorders?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977410/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977410/pdf/fimmu-13-824695.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35286352/ Infection with intestinal helminth (Hymenolepis diminuta) impacts exploratory behavior and cognitive processes in rats by changing the central level of neurotransmitters] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010330 Full text] (HDC)

* 2022 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35288644/ Microbial regulation of intestinal motility provides resistance against helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705251/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705251/pdf/41385_2022_Article_498.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Mar 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35359963/ Not All Worms Were Created Equal] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960138/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960138/pdf/fimmu-13-877707.pdf PDF] (NB. This paper does not include all the facts that are pertinent to the case discussed. For additional important details, see: [[Helminthic therapy safety#Do hookworms pose a threat to patients with respiratory disease? | Do hookworms pose a threat to patients with respiratory disease?]])

* 2022 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35210367/ Nematode ascarosides attenuate mammalian type 2 inflammatory responses] (Comment : 2022 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35353624/ Ascarosides from helminths pack a punch against allergy]

* 2022 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35435987/ Review of the role of parasitic nematode excretory/secretory proteins in host immunomodulation]

* 2022 Mar [https://elibrary.pu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1065 Influence of pre-existing immune activation by parasites on SARS-CoV-2 immune response] -- [https://elibrary.pu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/1065/HANNAH%20WANJA%20KIMINGI.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Master of science)

* 2022 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35076687/ The interplay of helminthic neuropeptides and proteases in parasite survival and host immunomodulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9042389/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9042389/ PDF]

* 2022 Mar [https://academic.oup.com/jcag/article/5/Supplement_1/13/6532814 Isolation of non-polar metabolites in excretory/secretory products from parasitic helminths and their potential as immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease]

* 2022 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34861106/ Immunomodulation of COVID-19 severity by helminth co-infection: Implications for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iid3.573 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.573 PDF]

* 2022 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35537837/ Effect of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid protein on allergic rhinitis induced by ovalbumin in mice] (chinese)

* 2022 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35281054/ Helminth and Host Crosstalk: New Insight Into Treatment of Obesity and Its Associated Metabolic Syndromes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8913526/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8913526/pdf/fimmu-13-827486.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35281745/ Bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis is attenuated by Trichinella spiralis through inhibiting M1 monocyte/macrophage polarization] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8914552/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8914552/pdf/main.pdf PDF]]

* 2022 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35202548/ Helminth products modulate innate immune recognition of nucleic acids in systemic lupus erythematosus]

* 2022 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35188279/ Concurrent allergy and helminthiasis in underprivileged urban South African adults previously residing in rural areas] (NB. Ascarids are known to be associated with asthma, [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16778161/] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25702830] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17698018] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30249744] unlike the species used in helminthic therapy.)

* 2022 Feb 18 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119600206.ch147 Parasitic diseases: helminths] (book chapter of Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology, Seventh Edition)

* 2022 Feb 16 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/9664 Chronic Helminth Infection Ameliorates Colitis via ***** regeneration program] (Thesis, Bonn) (see the conference 2021 Mar 1 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olga-Pershina/publication/349807618_Treamid_is_a_potential_compound_for_inhibiting_fibrosis_and_accelerating_endothelial_regeneration_in_idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis/links/6041ece54585154e8c780aa9/Treamid-is-a-potential-compound-for-inhibiting-fibrosis-and-accelerating-endothelial-regeneration-in-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis.pdf Chronic helminth infection ameliorates colitis via the soy derived metabolite daidzein])

* 2022 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35237268/ Tuft Cells and Their Role in Intestinal Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8884241/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8884241/pdf/fimmu-13-822867.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Feb 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35222441/ The Fight Against Severe COVID-19: Can Parasitic Worms Contribute?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8874793/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8874793/pdf/fimmu-13-849465.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Feb 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35113339/ Functional Diversity of the Excretory/Secretory Proteins of Nematode Parasites] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11686-022-00523-7 Full text]

* 2022 Feb 2 [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1612164 Modulation of Fetomaternal Crosstalk through Chronic Helminth Infection: Sustained Alterations to T Cell Responses and DC Functionality] (Thesis, Munich)

* 2022 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34863801/ Helminth-induced CD9+ B-cell subset alleviates obesity-associated inflammation via IL-10 production] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020751921003143?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2022 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34854999/ Profiles of CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T cells and circulating cytokines in hookworm-infected children in southern Thailand]

* 2022 Jan 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35174106/ Identification of a Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA That Suppresses Hepatoma Cell Growth and Migration by Targeting Host FZD4 Gene]

* 2022 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35077485/ The association of Schistosoma and geohelminth infections with β-cell function and insulin resistance among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults: A cross-sectional study in Tanzania] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8789133/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8789133/pdf/pone.0262860.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35140712/ Concurrent Infection With the Filarial Helminth Litomosoides sigmodontis Attenuates or Worsens Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis in a Stage-Dependent Manner]

* 2022 Jan 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35087284/ Helminth Therapy for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Current and Future Perspectives] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8789313/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8789313/pdf/jir-15-475.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35115243/ Helminths and COVID-19 susceptibility, disease progression, and vaccination efficacy] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471492222000083 Full text]

* 2022 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35031905/ Na-AIP-1 secreted by human hookworms suppresses collagen-induced arthritis]

* 2022 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35049796/ The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium in the "Weep and Sweep" Response during Gastro-Intestinal Helminth Infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8772803/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8772803/pdf/animals-12-00175.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35026130/ Helminths are positively AMPing up gut de-bugging] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(21)00587-4 Full text]

* 2022 Jan 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35083280/ Helminth Glycans at the Host-Parasite Interface and Their Potential for Developing Novel Therapeutics] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8784694/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8784694/pdf/fmolb-08-807821.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34991711/ Exacerbation of allergic asthma by somatic antigen of Echinococcus granulosus in allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8734303/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8734303/pdf/13071_2021_Article_5125.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan 1 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-5105-2_22 Potential Influence of Parasitic Interactions on COVID-19 Pathology and Epidemiology] (chapter of Delineating Health and Health System: Mechanistic Insights into Covid 19 Complications)

* 2022 Jan-Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36046565/ Anti-Tumor Effect of Marshallagia marshalli Somatic Antigen on Inhibition Cell Growth of K562] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9375725/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9375725/pdf/IJPA-17-28.pdf PDF]

* 2022 Jan [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489421001260 Potential of human helminth therapy for resolution of inflammatory bowel disease: The future ahead]

* 2022 Jan [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/83000/ The dynamics and roles of CD4+ T cells during H. polygyrus infection] -- [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/83000/1/2022McManusPhD.pdf PDF] (Phd thesis)

* 2022 Jan [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/158308 Investigating the Potential of Novel Helminth-derived Peptides as Therapeutics for Obesity Related Pathologies] (Thesis)

* 2022 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34627760/ Excretory-secretory product of Trichinella spiralis inhibits tumor cell growth by regulating the immune response and inducing apoptosis]

* 2022 [https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/46162 Léčba autoimunitních onemocnění helmintoterapií] (bachelor thesis, czech)

* 2022 [https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/suurj/vol6/iss1/17/ Parasite Hospitality: How Parasitic Helminth Worms Help Researchers Prevent Type 1 Diabetes] -- [https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1251&context=suurj PDF]

* 2022 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128243909000050 Immunomodulatory effects of parasites on autoimmunity] chapter 17 of Translational Autoimmunity vol 2 book

* 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=H2J6EAAAQBAJ&lpg=PR15&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA347#v=onepage&q&f=false Parasitology: an integrated approach, chapter 12, the useful parasites] (book)

* 2022 [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9781003220398-26/health-helminths-revisiting-paradigm-host-parasite-relationship-abdur-rehman-abidi Health and Helminths: Revisiting the Paradigm of Host-Parasite Relationship] chapter of "Biodiversity" book

* 2022 [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9781003220398-30/helminthiasis-tropical-environment-immunomodulatory-role-regulating-dynamics-covid-19-infections-anita-yadav-neerja-kapoor-shivji-malviya-sandeep-malhotra Helminthiasis in a Tropical Environment in Immunomodulatory Role Regulating Dynamics of COVID-19 Infections] chapter of "Biodiversity" book

* 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=z9p4EAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA204&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false Evolutionary perspectives on human parasitic infection: from ancient parasites to modern medicine] chapter of "Palaeopathology and Evolutionary Medicine: An Integrated Approach" book

* 2022 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Investigating_Systemic_Immune_Biomarkers_in_a_Controlled_Human_Hookworm_Infection_Model/20217368?file=36132098 Investigating Systemic Immune Biomarkers in a Controlled Human Hookworm Infection Model] (Master thesis)

* 2022 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20230424845 Preliminary study of the immunomodulatory effect of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto antigen B on immune thrombocytopenia mouse model]

* 2022 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13410-021-00970-4 Protective effect and mechanism of Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen against type 1 diabetes in NOD mice]

* 2022 [https://openarchive.ki.se/articles/thesis/Understanding_allergies_how_infections_affect_the_function_of_T_helper_cells/26895838?file=48936922 Understanding allergies : how infections affect the function of T helper cells] (Thesis, Stockholm)

===2021===

* 2021 Dec 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35049985/ Prevalence of Pneumocystosis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Helminth Immune Modulation]

* 2021 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34969052/ Schistosome immunomodulators] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8718004/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8718004/pdf/ppat.1010064.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34937173/ Recombinant Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic Drug in an Acute Gram-Negative Nonhuman Primate Sepsis Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8694124/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8694124/pdf/spectrum.01910-21.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34933444/ Helminth-Induced Human Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Reveals Insights into Altered Taxon Diversity and Microbial Gradient Collapse] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689561/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689561/pdf/mbio.02890-21.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34930198/ Rapidly progressive respiratory failure after helminth larvae ingestion] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8686539/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8686539/pdf/12890_2021_Article_1788.pdf PDF] (NB. This report omits important facts about the case described, and includes incorrect and misleading details. For a more accurate account, see, [[Helminthic therapy safety#Do hookworms pose a threat to patients with respiratory disease? | '''Do hookworms pose a threat to patients with respiratory disease?''']])

* 2021 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35046625/ Recombinant protein Schistosoma japonicum-derived molecule attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by inhibiting miRNA-217-5p to alleviate apoptosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678816/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678816/pdf/WJG-27-7982.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34882670/ Experimental human hookworm infection: a narrative historical review] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659326/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659326/pdf/pntd.0009908.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Dec 8 [https://theses.fr/2021LILUS044 Compréhension du mécanisme d'action de la P28GST dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires auto-immunes] -- [https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS044.pdf PDF] (Thesis in French)

* 2021 Dec 6 [https://evmedreview.com/evolutionary-medicine-helps-explain-pandemic-dynamics-predictions-regarding-clinical-impact-of-covid-19-borne-out/ Evolutionary medicine helps explain pandemic dynamics: Predictions regarding clinical impact of COVID-19 borne out]

* 2021 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34774540/ The yin and yang of human soil-transmitted helminth infections]

* 2021 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34467547/ Helminth infections and cardiovascular diseases: A role for the microbiota and Mϕs?] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jleukbio/article/110/6/1269/6884696 Full text]

* 2021 Dec [[media:Treatment_of_Refractory_Chronic_Migraine_with_Worm_Eggs.pdf |Treatment of Refractory Chronic Migraine with Worm Eggs: A Therapy Rooted in Evolution]] (TSO)

* 2021 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34487719/ The effect of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 2 diabetes] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X21002527 Full text]

* 2021 Nov 30 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20220519402 Helminthiasis versus chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory diseases (IBD)] (Slovak)

* 2021 Nov 26 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/items/77c8a366-2e2c-48a5-bfbf-555eb6ed6635 Factors associated with schistosomiasis and modulation of allergic reactivity in infected individuals with low parasite load in northern Minas Gerais, before and after one year of treatment with Praziquantel] (Thesis, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)

* 2021 Nov 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34901005/ Therapeutic Effect of Schistosoma japonicum Cystatin on Atherosclerotic Renal Damage]

* 2021 Nov 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33822083/ Diminished Circulating Levels of Angiogenic Factors and Rage Ligands in Helminth-Diabetes Comorbidity and Reversal Following Anthelmintic Treatment] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8599919/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8599919/ PDF]

* 2021 Nov 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34764345/ Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain]

* 2021 Nov 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34858883/ Mining Anti-Inflammation Molecules From Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-Derived Products Through the Metabolomics Approach] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8632049/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8632049/pdf/fcimb-11-781132.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Nov 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34390759/ Oral delivery of a functional algal-expressed TGF-β mimic halts colitis in a murine DSS model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8516079/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8516079/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34748611/ Suppression of inflammatory arthritis by the parasitic worm product ES-62 is associated with epigenetic changes in synovial fibroblasts] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601611/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601611/pdf/ppat.1010069.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Nov 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34735253/ A helminth-induced antimicrobial protein]

* 2021 Nov 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34735226/ Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977106/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977106/pdf/nihms-1788060.pdf PDF] (Science)

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34869783/ A Helminth-Derived Chitinase Structurally Similar to Mammalian Chitinase Displays Immunomodulatory Properties in Inflammatory Lung Disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8639245/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8639245/pdf/JIR2021-6234836.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Nov [https://www.myeventflo.com/brochures/Poster0023378.pdf Targeted Identification of New Parasite Immunomodulators Against Allergic Asthma] (Poster)

* ✅ 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737071/ Socio-medical studies of individuals self-treating with helminths provide insight into clinical trial design for assessing helminth therapy] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576921002063 Full text] | [[media:Socio-medical_studies_of_individuals_self-treating_with_helminths_provide_insight_into_clinical_trial_design_for_assessing_helminth_therapy.pdf | PDF]]

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197631/ Interleukin-35 is a critical regulator of immunity during helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517594/ Full text]

* 2021 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34374810/ The parasite-derived peptide FhHDM-1 activates the PI3K/Akt pathway to prevent cytokine-induced apoptosis of β-cells]

* 2021 Oct 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34717799/ Enteric pathogens induce tissue tolerance and prevent neuronal loss from subsequent infections]

* 2021 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737582/ The Influence of Helminth Immune Regulation on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes: Is it Beneficial or Detrimental?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558425/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558425/pdf/idr-14-4421.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34868595/ Helminth infection is associated with dampened cytokine responses to viral and bacterial stimulations in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634526/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634526/pdf/eoab035.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34745091/ Parasite-Derived Excretory-Secretory Products Alleviate Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Improve Cognitive Impairment Induced by a High-Fat Diet] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564115/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564115/pdf/fimmu-12-710513.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34733292/ Emerging Role of Eosinophils in Resolution of Arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558534/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558534/pdf/fimmu-12-764825.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34703270/ SJMHE1 Peptide from Schistosoma japonicum Inhibits Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance via miR-155] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8523811/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8523811/pdf/jir-14-5305.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34691057/ Crosstalk of Microorganisms and Immune Responses in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: A Focus on Regulatory T Cells]

* 2021 Oct-Dec [https://www.sciencevision.org/issue/51/article/316 Parasites: Disease or cure?]

* 2021 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34274545/ Parasite-based interventions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A systematic review]

* 2021 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34363897/ Harnessing immunomodulatory mechanisms of Trichinella spiralis to design novel nanomedical approaches for restoring self-tolerance in autoimmunity]

* 2021 Sep 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34579797/ Use of helminth therapy for management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: a systematic review]

* 2021 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34583903/ Commandeering the mammalian Ago2 miRNA network: a newly discovered mechanism of helminth immunomodulation]

* 2021 Sep 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34550875/ Infection-exposure in infancy is associated with reduced allergy-related disease in later childhood in a Ugandan cohort] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8457824/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8457824/pdf/elife-66022.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep 22 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-1947-2_1 The Good Side of Evil: Harnessing the Power of Helminths as Therapeutics] (chapter book of Microbial Products for Health, Environment and Agriculture)

* 2021 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34432219/ Helminth protection against type-1 diabetes: an insight into immunomodulatory effect of helminth-induced infection] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11033-021-06663-9 Full text]

* 2021 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586066/ APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8480980/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8480980/pdf/elife-68231.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34517928/ Cooperation between host immunity and the gut bacteria is essential for helminth-evoked suppression of colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8438845/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8438845/pdf/40168_2021_Article_1146.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34488863/ Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 inhibits acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8422783/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8422783/pdf/13071_2021_Article_4977.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33961896/ Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFPIII) ameliorates acute aberrations in hippocampal synaptic transmission in a Gulf War Illness animal model]

* 2021 Sep-Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34256162/ Delayed treatment with the immunotherapeutic LNFPIII ameliorates multiple neurological deficits in a pesticide-nerve agent prophylactic mouse model of Gulf War Illness]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33745189/ Impact of early life geohelminths on wheeze, asthma and atopy in Ecuadorian children at 8 years] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496980/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496980/pdf/ALL-76-2765.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33684437/ Fetomaternal immune cross talk modifies T-cell priming through sustained changes to DC function]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107115/ Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with decreased risk of respiratory allergy symptoms and low production of CCL2]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34368662/ Effect of co-infection with intestinal parasites on COVID-19 severity: A prospective observational cohort study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8324426/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8324426/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34433129/ Infection by Strongyloides venezuelensis attenuates chronic colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate ingestion in BALB/c mice]

* 2021 Aug 31 [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/17/8079 Immunological and Pathophysiological Outcomes of Helminth Infections and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity Studies in Humans and Experimental Animals — A Scoping Review]

* 2021 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34425258/ Safety and tolerability of medicinal parasite ova (Trichuris suis) in healthy Japanese volunteers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial]

* 2021 Aug 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34406855/ Exposure to Parasitic Protists and Helminths Changes the Intestinal Community Structure of Bacterial Communities in a Cohort of Mother-Child Binomials from a Semirural Setting in Mexico] -- [https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00083-21 Full text] | [https://journals.asm.org/doi/epub/10.1128/mSphere.00083-21 PDF]

* 2021 Aug 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34433129/ Infection by Strongyloides venezuelensis attenuates chronic colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate ingestion in BALB/c mice]

* 2021 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34102195/ Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III ameliorates acute and persisting hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission deficits in a Gulf War Illness mouse model]

* 2021 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34445445/ Lectin-Mediated Bacterial Modulation by the Intestinal Nematode Ascaris suum] — [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353903554 Full text]

* 2021 Aug 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34456879/ The Impact of Helminth Infection on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397462/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397462/pdf/fendo-12-728396.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Aug 6 [http://ddigital.umss.edu/handle/123456789/24443 Enfermedades autoinmunes y tratamiento con helmintos] (Spanish)

* 2021 Aug 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451458/ Infection with Hymenolepis diminuta Blocks Colitis and Hastens Recovery While Colitis Has Minimal Impact on Expulsion of the Cestode from the Mouse Host] — [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8401575/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8401575/pdf/pathogens-10-00994.pdf PDF] (HDC)

* 2021 Aug 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34888545/ Patterns of allergic sensitization and factors associated with emergence of sensitization in the rural tropics early in the life course: findings of an Ecuadorian birth cohort] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7612078/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7612078/pdf/falgy-02-687073.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Aug 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34413850/ Mycobacterium-Induced Th1, Helminths-Induced Th2 Cells and the Potential Vaccine Candidates for Allergic Asthma: Imitation of Natural Infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8369065/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8369065/pdf/fimmu-12-696734.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Aug [https://www.proquest.com/openview/49ce7153242abb1b34c1694fe55cf06a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Testing the Efficacy of Fh15, a Recombinant Fatty Acid Binding Protein from Fasciola hepatica, as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic in an Acute Gram-Negative Non-Human Primate Sepsis Model] (Thesis)

* 2021 Jul 20 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76922 Helminth Induced Immunomodulation against Metainflammation and Insulin Resistance] book chapter from Inflammation in the 21st Century

* 2021 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34336843/ Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Induces Colonic Regulatory T Cells to Mitigate Inflammatory Bowel Disease]

* 2021 Jul [https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/som_pub/390/ Implications of helminth immunomodulation on COVID-19 co-infections] -- [https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1391&context=som_pub PDF]

* 2021 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33993100/ The fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) decreases the clinical signs and modulates immune responses in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576921003921 Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2021 Jun 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34249002/ Nrf2 Participates in M2 Polarization by Trichinella spiralis to Alleviate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8261282/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8261282/pdf/fimmu-12-698494.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jun 21 [https://jams.jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JAMS/article/view/24117 Relationship between Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Padang City]

* 2021 Jun 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34154932/ Gut-microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: Overlooked mediators in host-helminth interactions?]

* 2021 Jun 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34221971/ A Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA Exerts Antitumor Effects Through Inhibition of Both Cell Migration and Angiogenesis by Targeting PGAM1]

* 2021 Jun 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34135384/ Helminth derived factors inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammation in bacterial peritonitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209178/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209178/pdf/41598_2021_Article_92001.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34171587/ SARS-CoV-2 and helminth co-infections, and environmental pollution exposure: An epidemiological and immunological perspective] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8205275/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8205275/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34111180/ Hookworm treatment induces a decrease of suppressive regulatory T cell associated with a Th2 inflammatory response] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252921 Full text] Allergic sensitisation increased following treatment with albendazole.

* 2021 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34169075/ Allergen-Specific Treg Cells Upregulated by Lung-Stage S. japonicum Infection Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation]

* 2021 Jun 7 [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/11/2533 The New Status of Parasitic Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic—Risk Factors or Protective Agents?] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/11/2533/htm Full text] (Review)

* 2021 Jun 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34075861/ The interplay between Trichuris and the microbiota] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8660641/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8660641/pdf/S0031182021000834a.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jun 1 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/items/0dd1c515-c325-499c-a4fe-af4c9e440f2a As influências metabólicas e imunológicas da infecção helmíntica nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento de obesidade experimental] (Thesis, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33964315/ Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products downregulate MMP-9 in Dark Agouti rats affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33676036/ A netrin domain-containing protein secreted by the human hookworm Necator americanus protects against CD4 T cell transfer colitis] -- [https://www.translationalres.com/article/S1931-5244(21)00049-9/fulltext Full text]

* 2021 Jun [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354011557_Crude_Necator_americanus_worm_extract_diminishes_pancreatic_islet_destruction_in_diabetic_non-obese_mice_NOD Crude Necator americanus worm extract diminishes pancreatic islet destruction in diabetic non-obese mice (NOD)] (see also [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.975953v1 Preprint])

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34165616/ Eosinophils and helminth infection: protective or pathogenic?]

* 2021 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33836351/ Overview of the interaction of helminth extracellular vesicles with the host and their potential functions and biological applications] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161589021001036?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2021 May 26 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41231-021-00091-4 Impact of parasitic infection on human gut ecology and immune regulations]

* 2021 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34051231/ Synthetic hookworm-derived peptides are potent modulators of primary human immune cell function that protect against experimental colitis in vivo] -- [https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(21)00632-3/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.jbc.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0021-9258%2821%2900632-3 PDF]

* 2021 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34051352/ Emerging issues in COVID-19 vaccination in Tropical Areas: Impact of the Immune Response against Helminths in Endemic Areas]

* 2021 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34029332/ COVID-19 and helminth infection: Beyond the Th1/Th2 paradigm] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8143422/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8143422/pdf/pntd.0009402.pdf PDF]

* 2021 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34093565/ A Comparison of Two Structurally Related Human Milk Oligosaccharide Conjugates in a Model of Diet-Induced Obesity]

* 2021 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34134952/ rCsHscB derived from Clonorchis sinensis has therapeutic effect on dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic ulcerative colitis in mice] (Chinese)

* 2021 May 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34017599/ Extreme lifespan extension in tapeworm-infected ant workers] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8131941/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8131941/pdf/rsos.202118.pdf PDF]

* 2021 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34002262/ The effects of helminth infections against type 2 diabetes]

* 2021 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33951631/ Bee- and Wasp-Venom Sensitization in Schoolchildren of High- and Low-Socioeconomic Status Living in an Urban Area of Indonesia]

* 2021 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33461629/ The interaction of host and nematode galectins influences the outcome of gastrointestinal nematode infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010190/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010190/pdf/S003118202100007Xa.pdf PDF]

* 2021 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33512036/ Allergen skin test reactivity and asthma are inversely associated with ratios of IgG4/IgE and total IgE/allergen-specific IgE in Ugandan communities]

* 2021 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33995396/ Immune Protection of a Helminth Protein in the DSS-Induced Colitis Model in Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8117093/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8117093/pdf/fimmu-12-664998.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33646858/ Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8162934/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/33646858/ PDF]

* 2021 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33895144/ Immunoprotective inference of experimental chronic Trichinella spiralis infection on house dust mites induced allergic airway remodeling]

* 2021 Apr 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33935986/ Interrogating the Impact of Intestinal Parasite-Microbiome on Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086792/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086792/pdf/fmicb-12-614522.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853585/ Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048248/pdf/12915_2021_Article_1003.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Apr 4 [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1553096 Eicosanoid profiles and programs of macrophages in allergic airway inflammation - Studies on trained innate immunity and immunomodulation] (Thesis, Munich)

* 2021 Apr 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34589596/ An engineered probiotic secreting Sj16 ameliorates colitis via Ruminococcaceae/butyrate/retinoic acid axis]

* 2021 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579723/ Helminth Imprinting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Sustains Anti-Inflammatory Trained Innate Immunity That Attenuates Autoimmune Disease] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2021 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33454990/ Association of previous schistosome infection with fatty liver and coronary heart disease: A cross-sectional study in china]

* 2021 Apr [https://medcraveonline.com/MOJBM/immunomodulation-by-helmintos-possible-use-astherapy-for-autoimmune-diseases.html Immunomodulation by helmintos: Possible use as therapy for autoimmune diseases]

* 2021 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33576450/ Schistosoma japonicum cystatin suppresses osteoclastogenesis via manipulating the NF‑κB signaling pathway]

* 2021 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33495068/ Mining Helminths for Novel Therapeutics] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9884063/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9884063/pdf/nihms-1867941.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33760829/ Trichuris trichiura egg extract proteome reveals potential diagnostic targets and immunomodulators] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021180/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021180/pdf/pntd.0009221.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33819002/ Helminths and Endocrinology] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK569325/ Full text] (online book)

* 2021 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33842398/ Therapeutic Efficacy of Excretory-Secretory Products of Trichinella spiralis Adult Worms on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in a Mouse Model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8024484/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8024484/pdf/fcimb-11-653843.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33815426/ Recent Advances in the Immunology of Helminth Infection - Protection, Pathogenesis and Panaceas]

* 2021 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33841657/ Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve repair through a macrophage-dependent mechanism] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8014408/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8014408/pdf/ajtr0013-1290.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33636133/ Enteric helminth coinfection enhances host susceptibility to neurotropic flaviviruses via a tuft cell-IL-4 receptor signaling axis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7962748/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7962748/pdf/nihms-1675920.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33732246/ Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957070/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957070/pdf/fimmu-12-623737.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33773560/ The Apoptotic Effect of Trichinella spiralis Infection Against Experimentally Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8286675/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8286675/pdf/APJCP-22-935.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33495238/ The Anti-Inflammatory Immune Response in Early Trichinella spiralis Intestinal Infection Depends on Serine Protease Inhibitor-Mediated Alternative Activation of Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7887736/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7887736/pdf/ji2000290.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Mar 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33868457/ The role of gastrointestinal pathogens in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review]

* 2021 Mar 1 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olga-Pershina/publication/349807618_Treamid_is_a_potential_compound_for_inhibiting_fibrosis_and_accelerating_endothelial_regeneration_in_idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis/links/6041ece54585154e8c780aa9/Treamid-is-a-potential-compound-for-inhibiting-fibrosis-and-accelerating-endothelial-regeneration-in-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis.pdf Chronic helminth infection ameliorates colitis via the soy derived metabolite daidzein] (Conference)

* 2021 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34802872/ Remote regulation of type 2 immunity by intestinal parasites]

* 2021 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34823996/ IL-33: A central cytokine in helminth infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1044532321000634?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2021 Feb 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33673676/ Overview of Immunological Responses and Immunomodulation Properties of Trichuris sp.: Prospects for Better Understanding Human Trichuriasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7997218/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7997218/pdf/life-11-00188.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33717104/ Clonorchis sinensis-Derived Protein Attenuates Inflammation and New Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7947613/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7947613/pdf/fimmu-12-615369.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33692793/ Schistosome Infection and Schistosome-Derived Products as Modulators for the Prevention and Alleviation of Immunological Disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7937812/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7937812/pdf/fimmu-12-619776.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33732461/ Between a hygiene rock and a hygienic hard place: Avoiding SARS-CoV-2 while needing environmental exposures for immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928958/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928958/pdf/eoab006.pdf PDF]
:* 2021 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34168878/ Comment on Parker et al. (Evolution, Medicine and Public Health 2021;9:120–30.)] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219121/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219121/pdf/eoab011.pdf PDF]
:* 2021 Apr [https://academic.oup.com/emph/article/9/1/206/6220325 Authors’ response to Graham Rook’s commentary]

* 2021 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33718268/ Schistosoma japonicum Cystatin Alleviates Sepsis Through Activating Regulatory Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7943722/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7943722/pdf/fcimb-11-617461.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33738103/ Hymenolepis diminuta-based helminth therapy in C3(1)-TAg mice does not alter breast tumor onset or progression] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7953836/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7953836/pdf/eoab007.pdf PDF] (HDC)

* 2021 Feb 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33563346/ Helminth-derived cystatins: the immunomodulatory properties of an Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin]

* 2021 Feb 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33613446/ Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Decreases Systemic Inflammation, and Alters the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Distinct Mouse Models of Type 2 Diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892786/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892786/pdf/fendo-11-606530.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb 2 [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.21250995v1 Effect of co-infection with parasites on severity of COVID-19] -- [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.21250995v1.full.pdf PDF] (medRxiv preprints) (Also reported by NewsMedical. [https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210204/Research-shows-intestinal-parasite-infestations-reduce-COVID-19-severity.aspx])

* 2021 Feb 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526169/ Gross ways to live long: Parasitic worms as an anti-inflammaging therapy?] -- [https://elifesciences.org/articles/65180 Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853715/pdf/elife-65180.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Press release. [https://elifesciences.org/for-the-press/8119abb0/could-playing-host-to-hookworms-help-prevent-ageing])

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32614982/ Schistosome and intestinal helminth modulation of macrophage immunometabolism] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7808165/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7808165/pdf/IMM-162-123.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33476078/ The helminth glycoprotein omega-1 improves metabolic homeostasis in obese mice through type 2 immunity-independent inhibition of food intake] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7898285/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7898285/pdf/FSB2-35-e21331.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33007336/ Immunomodulatory potential of nematodes against dendritic cells is dependent on intestinal inflamation]

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33409625/ Pre-clinical evaluation of the effect of co-medication with antibiotics and oral steroids in Göttingen Minipigs on the biological activity of the probiotic medicinal product TSO (Trichuris suis ova)]

* 2021 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33067820/ Helminth-induced regulation of T-cell transfer colitis requires intact and regulated T cell Stat6 signaling in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.201848072 Full text]

* 2021 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33572978/ The Worm-Specific Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Controlled Trichuris suis Ova Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/101/htm Full text] (MS). This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.

* 2021 Jan 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33584703/ Revisiting the Hygiene Hypothesis in the Context of Autoimmunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7876226/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7876226/pdf/fimmu-11-615192.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jan 26 [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1544232 Chronic Schistosoma mansoni Infection during Pregnancy: Effects on Offspring’s T Cell Differentiation Capacity, Epigenetics and Memory T Cell Compartment] (Thesis, Munich)

* 2021 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33499240/ Helminth Interactions with Bacteria in the Host Gut Are Essential for Its Immunomodulatory Effect] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/226/htm Full text]

* 2021 Jan 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33465126/ S. mansoni SmKI-1 Kunitz-domain: Leucine point mutation at P1 site generates enhanced neutrophil elastase inhibitory activity]

* 2021 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33552447/ Evolution of bacteria in the human gut in response to changing environments: An invisible player in the game of health] — [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829112/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829112/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2021 Jan 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33469451/ Monosexual Cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum Infection Protects Against DSS-Induced Colitis by Shifting the Th1/Th2 Balance and Modulating the Gut Microbiota]

* 2021 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33391522/ Therapeutic inhibition of miR-802 protects against obesity through AMPK-mediated regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism]

* 2021 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33188747/ Intestinal protozoa and helminths in ulcerative colitis and the influence of anti-parasitic therapy on the course of the disease]

* 2021 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966835/ Trichinella spiralis infection ameliorated diet-induced obesity model in mice] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020751920302551 Full text]

* 2021 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33221281/ Extracellular vesicles derived from Trichinella spiralis prevent colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization]

* 2021 Jan [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/k643b593k?locale=en Upregulated Th2/treg brain gene expression in pups of nematode-infected mice associated with enhanced expression of leukocyte trans-endothelial cell migration across the blood brain barrier] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/wm117t47f?locale=en PDF] (Thesis)

* 2021 Jan [https://smj.journals.ekb.eg/article_153093.html Therapeutic applicability of helminths in atopic and autoimmune diseases]

* 2021 Jan [https://www.jsczz.cn/EN/Y2021/V39/I3/380 Progress on the intervention of inflammatory conditions by helminthes and their derived molecules]

* 2021 [https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=ZISC202112013&dbname=CJFDLAST2022 A study on how dust mite allergic asthma is inhibited by a Schistosoma japonicum infection via down-regulation of IL-17 and that mechanism] (Chinese)

* 2021 [https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46340160 The hygiene hypothesis and the regulation of the immune response. the role of parasites in the development of autoimmune diseases] (Russian)

* 2021 [https://dspace.jcu.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.14390/46170/Buskova_Nikol_2021_BP.pdf?sequence=1 Extracellular vesicles during the ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus] (bachelor thesis)

* 2021 [https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/918427 Investigation on the role of nutrition and bacteria in human health using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS): from gut microbiota in immune-related disorders to genomic epidemiology] (thesis)

* 2021 [https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:4f7dd64 Investigating the mechanism of action of a novel therapeutic derived from parasitic worms in animal models of multiple sclerosis] (Thesis)

* 2021 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/tara8/server/api/core/bitstreams/a24ea8c3-9823-4508-9969-252df2ee9508/content Helminth products promote anti-inflammatory trained innate immunity by imprinting long-term hematopoietic stem cells] (Thesis)

* 2021 [https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=ZISC202102025&dbname=CJFDLAST2021 A helminth infection has therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory bowel disease via the innate immune system] (Chinese)

===2020===

* 2020 Dec 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33424810/ Therapeutic Efficacy of a Trichinella Spiralis Paramyosin-Derived Peptide Modified With a Membrane-Targeting Signal in Mice With Antigen-Induced Arthritis]

* 2020 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347509/ GAS6 signaling tempers Th17 development in patients with multiple sclerosis and helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7785232/pdf/ppat.1009176.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33371444/ The Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer Development by Type 2 Immune Responses]

* 2020 Dec 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33333522/ Helminth Antigen Exposure Enhances Early Immune Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Monocytes and Macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8138153/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8138153/pdf/jin-0013-0148.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec 17 [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/65327/ Impact of hookworms and their secreted proteins on the microbiota and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes in mice] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/65327/1/JCU_65327_agha_thesis_2020.pdf PDF] (Thesis, James Cook)

* 2020 Dec 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33343521/ The Two Faces of Nematode Infection: Virulence and Immunomodulatory Molecules From Nematode Parasites of Mammals, Insects and Plants] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7738434/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7738434/pdf/fmicb-11-577846.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347256815_Helminth_Infection_as_Immunomodulator_and_Therapeutic_Agent_Against_Rheumatoid_Arthritis Helminth Infection as Immunomodulator and Therapeutic Agent Against Rheumatoid Arthritis]

* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33512796/ Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Experimental Hookworm Infection for Improving Gluten Tolerance in Celiac Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678792/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678792/pdf/ct9-11-e00274.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Dec [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/nv9357710 The role of helminth and microbiome-derived metabolites in the healing of inflammatory bowel diseases related wounds in vitro] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/2b88qj182?locale=en PDF] (Thesis, McGill)

* 2020 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32920871/ Dicrocoelium ova can block the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12792 Full text] ([https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-17288/v1 preprint version Mars 16]) (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2020 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33220232/ Interleukin-33 promotes serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells for intestinal homeostasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7856083/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7856083/pdf/nihms-1642557.pdf PDF] (comment : 2021 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33440138/ IL-33 Changes Our "Gut Feelings" about Serotonin] -- [https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(20)30535-5 Full text])

* 2020 Nov 18 [https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/items/c9938631-e85d-4de3-b2a7-33cd9fcdbd41 Helminth Regulation of the Colonic Microbiome: Implications for the Control of Colitis] (Thesis)

* 2020 Nov 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33222610/ Dynamics of the bacterial gut microbiota during controlled human infection with Necator americanus larvae] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7714523/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7714523/pdf/KGMI_12_1840764.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33149205/ Effect of anthelmintic treatment on serum free IGF-1 and IGFBP-3: a cluster-randomized-controlled trial in Indonesia] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7643058/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7643058/pdf/41598_2020_Article_75781.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32901341/ Immunomodulatory action of excretory-secretory products of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse tumour model] (Cancer)

* 2020 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32472559/ Evaluating the preventive and curative effects of Toxocara canis larva in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis]

* 2020 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32562622/ Effect of recombinant serine protease from newborn larval stage of Trichinella spiralis on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in mice]

* 2020 Oct 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33678958/ Historical analysis of inverse correlation between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and pancreatic cancer] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901387/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901387/pdf/UBMC_34_1836712.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33105843/ Gastrointestinal Nematode-Derived Antigens Alter Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration through Regulation of Cell Cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Proteins] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7660063/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7660063/pdf/ijms-21-07845.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct 20 [https://academic.oup.com/emph/advance-article/doi/10.1093/emph/eoaa037/5930904 Old Friends Meet a New Foe -- A potential role for immune-priming parasites in mitigating COVID-19 morbidity and mortality] Includes link to PDF.

* 2020 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117371/ COVID-19 Lethality in Sub-Saharan Africa and Helminth Immune Modulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7578247/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7578247/pdf/fimmu-11-574910.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33116652/ Helminth Induced Immunoregulation and Novel Therapeutic Avenue of Allergy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7548329/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7548329/pdf/jaa-13-439.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33012113/ Immunopathology and modulation induced by hookworms: from understanding to intervention]

* 2020 Oct 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117347/ Excretory/Secretory Products From Trichinella spiralis Adult Worms Attenuated DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Driving PD-1-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575908/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575908/pdf/fimmu-11-563784.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33884007/ Immunoregulatory Effects of Somatic Extract of Toxocara canis on Airway Inflammations in Murine Model]

* 2020 Oct-Dec [https://journals.lww.com/crst/fulltext/2020/03040/hygiene_and_cancer__a_perspective.3.aspx Hygiene and cancer: A perspective]

* 2020 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32442663/ Exposure time determines the protective effect of Trichinella spiralis on experimental colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7724739/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7724739/pdf/nihms-1648913.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653475/ Does the hygiene hypothesis apply to COVID-19 susceptibility?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347347/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347347/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117327/ The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552805/pdf/fimmu-11-01830.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2020 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32992640/ Assessing the Beneficial Effects of the Immunomodulatory Glycan LNFPIII on Gut Microbiota and Health in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness]

* 2020 Sep 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32960348/ Intestinal Nematode Infection Affects Metastasis of EL4 Lymphoma Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7508930/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7508930/pdf/5_2020_Article_594.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32951619/ Trichinella spiralis: inflammation modulator]

* 2020 Sep 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33042153/ Immunomodulation and Immune Escape Strategies of Gastrointestinal Helminths and Schistosomes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7527441/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7527441/pdf/fimmu-11-572865.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33042134/ Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7524873/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7524873/pdf/fimmu-11-02195.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33013887/ What Can Parasites Tell Us About the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma and Allergic Diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7516051/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7516051/pdf/fimmu-11-02106.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32983184/ Fasciola hepatica-Derived Molecules as Regulators of the Host Immune Response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492538/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492538/pdf/fimmu-11-02182.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/0k225g67s Maternal nematode infection alters neonatal brain gene expression and maternal and neonatal microbiomes] -- [https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/8336h626k?locale=en PDF] (Thesis)

* 2020 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32277499/ Preconception helminth infection alters offspring microbiota and immune subsets in a mouse model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7423732/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7423732/pdf/nihms-1591001.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32570037/ Effect of recombinant serine protease from adult stage of Trichinella spiralis on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice]

* 2020 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027755/ IL-33 is essential to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice infected with an intestinal helminth] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12700 Full text]

* 2020 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32713764/ The Intestinal Epithelium at the Forefront of Host-Helminth Interactions] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1471492220301835 Full text]

* 2020 Aug 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32984066/ Helminth Mediated Attenuation of Systemic Inflammation and Microbial Translocation in Helminth-Diabetes Comorbidity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488178/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488178/pdf/fcimb-10-00431.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 28 [https://journals.macewan.ca/muse/article/view/1850 Helminth Therapy: A Promising Approach to Treating Crohn's Disease and Asthma] -- [https://journals.macewan.ca/muse/article/view/1850 PDF]

* 2020 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32872342/ An Absence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation and Associations with Disease Activity in People with Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Therapeutic Hookworm Vaccination] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/487/htm Full text]

* 2020 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32875121/ Contrasting impact of rural, versus urban, living on glucose metabolism and blood pressure in Uganda] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7447960/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7447960/pdf/wellcomeopenres-5-17864.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32935509/ Protective effect of recombinant adult serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in mice] (Chinese)

* 2020 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32828819/ Succinate Produced by Intestinal Microbes Promotes Specification of Tuft Cells to Suppress Ileal Inflammation] (IBD)

* 2020 Aug 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32804930/ Helminth coinfection and COVID-19: An alternate hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7430705/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7430705/pdf/pntd.0008628.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32939449/ Axenic Caenorhabditis elegans antigen protects against development of type-1 diabetes in NOD mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7476867/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7476867/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32903582/ Clinical Use of Schistosoma mansoni Antigens as Novel Immunotherapies for Autoimmune Disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7438586/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7438586/pdf/fimmu-11-01821.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32849543/ Effectiveness of Helminth Therapy in the Prevention of Allograft Rejection: A Systematic Review of Allogeneic Transplantation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7426368/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7426368/pdf/fimmu-11-01604.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/68140/ The anti-colitic properties of hookworm protein Na-AIP-1] (Thesis, James Cook)

* 2020 Aug [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343655385_TRICHINELLA_SPIRALIS_INFECTION_PROTECTS_AGAINST_OVALBUMININDUCED_ALLERGIC_BRONCHIAL_ASTHMA_IN_A_MURINE_MODEL Trichinella spiralis infection protects against ovalbumin-induced allergic bronchial asthma in a murine model] -- [https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_113071_fe47464efd01190f781e5b14ac6bdec3.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Aug [https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.07.002 Helminth extracellular vesicles: great balls of wonder]

* 2020 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32485355/ Effect of Trichinella spp. or derived antigens on chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mouse models: A systematic review and meta-analysis]

* 2020 Jul 27 [https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.159586908.87812662 Effect of Trichinella spiralis intervention on Citrobacter rodentium-induced experimental colitis in mice] (Preprint)

* 2020 Jul 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31504336/ The Effect of Helminth Infections and Their Treatment on Metabolic Outcomes: Results of a Cluster-Randomized Trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7384320/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7384320/pdf/ciz859.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jul 21 [https://d-nb.info/125536470X/34 Eicosanoid profiles and programs of macrophages in allergic airway inflammation: Studies on trained innate immunity and immunomodulation] (Thesis)

* 2020 Jul 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341115/ The Potential Role of Schistosome-Associated Factors as Therapeutic Modulators of the Immune System]

* 2020 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32944173/ Sja-miR-71a in Schistosome egg-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis via targeting semaphorin 4D]

* 2020 Jul 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32629118/ Helminth-Induced and Th2-Dependent Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Attenuate Obesity Caused by High-Fat Diet] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7498948/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7498948/pdf/main.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jul 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32614822/ Schistosoma haematobium infection is associated with lower serum cholesterol levels and improved lipid profile in overweight/obese individuals]

* 2020 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32249432/ Interactions between macrophages and helminths] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12717 Full text]

* 2020 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32153025/ Regulatory T‐cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7341546/?fbclid=IwAR27hCP5tDaVkO0KnyBMdlH7O4tzzcE0YfKWqFy_Xgy46l18amE1t1ET2dY Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7341546/pdf/IMM-160-248.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jun 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32655568/ Immunity to Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Evidence From the Field and Laboratory Models] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324686/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324686/pdf/fimmu-11-01286.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32570037/ Effect of Recombinant Serine Protease From Adult Stage of Trichinella Spiralis on TNBS-induced Experimental Colitis in Mice]

* ✅ 2020 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32539079/ Hookworm Treatment for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296452/ Full text].
::This research was also reported in Science Daily, where it was noted that, “The findings of the research… show that infecting MS patients with a safe dose of… Necator americanus induces immunoregulatory responses and boosts the number of cells which help keep the immune system under control.” [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200618150223.htm]
::In fact, the trial data reveal that '''more than half the patients given hookworms did not develop any new lesions''', and the conclusion of the trial's lead researcher was that, "there would be a niche for this approach - for individuals with mild disease who don't want to take immunomodulating drugs for life and would prefer a more natural approach.” [https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/932593]
::The conclusion published by this study's authors in their formal report - that NA appeared to be ineffective against MS - and the sceptical tenor of the editorial from Jama Neurology, [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2767083] were based on the fact that the particular statistical endpoint determined for the trial by its designers - the cumulative number of new/enlarging T2 and new enhancing T1 lesions at month 9 - had not been reached. This conclusion is a glaring example of the endemic failure within the mainstream medical research community to understand, and accommodate, the unique requirements of living organisms when they are being trialled as a therapy. To read more about this, see, [[Helminthic therapy clinical trials and observational studies#Problems with clinical trials using live helminths | '''Problems with clinical trials using live helminths''']].

* 2020 Jun 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32595641/ Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300183/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300183/pdf/fimmu-11-01174.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32582161/ Behind Enemy Lines: Immunomodulatory Armamentarium of the Schistosome Parasite] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7295904/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7295904/pdf/fimmu-11-01018.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32520090/ Extract of Ascaris suum induces TGF-β and early production of IgG1 in experimental autoimmune hepatitis] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/rbpv/a/HgMCvdYns9pGRGJsfQJdsrP/?lang=en Full text]

* 2020 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32372471/ Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease]

* 2020 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32480001/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, the Hygiene Hypothesis and the Other Side of the Microbiota: Parasites and Fungi]

* 2020 May 28 [https://www.qeios.com/read/IWKQH9.2 The global helminth belt and Covid-19: the new eosinophilic link]

* 2020 May 28 [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cb5b8jp#article_main Endocannabinoid Regulation of Helminth Induced Hypophagia] -- [https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cb5b8jp/qt3cb5b8jp.pdf PDF] (Capstone project)

* 2020 May 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32453752/ Comprehensive analysis of the secreted proteome of adult Necator americanus hookworms] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274458/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274458/pdf/pntd.0008237.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32466130/ Preliminary Trichinella spiralis Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7290565/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7290565/pdf/cells-09-01314.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32450885/ Lifestyle and the presence of helminths is associated with gut microbiome composition in Cameroonians] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7249393/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7249393/pdf/13059_2020_Article_2020.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32436176/ Changes in the Severity of Gastric Mucosal Inflammation Associated With Helicobacter Pylori in Humans Coinfected With Intestinal Helminths]

* 2020 May 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32486220/ Parasite Cystatin: Immunomodulatory Molecule with Therapeutic Activity against Immune Mediated Disorders] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7350340/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7350340/pdf/pathogens-09-00431.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32508831/ The Gastrointestinal Helminth Heligmosomoides bakeri Suppresses Inflammation in a Model of Contact Hypersensitivity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7249854/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7249854/pdf/fimmu-11-00950.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32420871/ A helminth-derived suppressor of ST2 blocks allergic responses]

* 2020 May 18 [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.20098053v1.full.pdf Parasites and their protection against COVID-19 - Ecology or Immunology?] (PDF)

* 2020 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32423469/ Therapeutic efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in a mouse model]

* 2020 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33623561/ Immunity, parasites, genetics and sex hormones: contributors to mild inflammatory responses in COVID-19?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7875730/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7875730/pdf/PAMJ-SUPP-35-2-36.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32407385 Harnessing helminth-driven immunoregulation in the search for novel therapeutic modalities] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008508 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008508&type=printable PDF]

* 2020 May 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32448639/ Microbes, Helminths, and Rheumatic Diseases]

* 2020 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32372471 Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/apt.15770 Full text] (IBD)

* 2020 May 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32367051 Heterogeneity in the initiation, development and function of type 2 immunity]

* 2020 May 1 [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/204/1_Supplement/143.6/63767/Helminth-induced-modulation-of-neuroinflammation Helminth-induced modulation of neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 May 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32133502/ Inflammatory bowel disease in Africa: what is the current state of knowledge?]

* 2020 May 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358579 Will helminth co-infection modulate COVID-19 severity in endemic regions?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193760/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193760/pdf/41577_2020_Article_330.pdf PDF]

* 2020 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517884/ Antibodies in sera from multiple sclerosis patients recognize Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigens]

* 2020 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31990094/ Inflammation during Schistosoma haematobium infection and anti-allergy in pre-school-aged children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe]

* 2020 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341115 The Potential Role of Schistosome-Associated Factors as Therapeutic Modulators of the Immune System]

* 2020 Apr 27 [https://www.qeios.com/read/5IY4IF Asthma and COVID-19: The Eosinophilic Link]

* 2020 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32321922/ CD8+ regulatory T cells are critical in prevention of autoimmune-mediated diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7176710/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7176710/pdf/41467_2020_Article_15857.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32321863 An anti-inflammatory eicosanoid switch mediates the suppression of type-2 inflammation by helminth larval products]

* 2020 Apr 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32268573/ Infection with Toxocara canis Inhibits the Production of IgE Antibodies to α-Gal in Humans: Towards a Conceptual Framework of the Hygiene Hypothesis?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7349341/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7349341/pdf/vaccines-08-00167.pdf Full text]

* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31669292/ Effects of Opisthorchis viverrini infection on glucose and lipid profiles in human hosts: A cross-sectional and prospective follow-up study from Thailand] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1383576919303514?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32372188/ Dual infective burden of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasites: Good or bad news for the host?] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12664-020-01045-8 Full text]

* 2020 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30230399/ Randomized crossover feasibility trial of helminthic Trichuris suis ova versus placebo for repetitive behaviors in adult autism spectrum disorder] (TSO)

* 2020 Apr [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hawra-Alnassar/publication/367560899_Impact_of_Stroke_on_Patients'_Health_Status_at_Middle_Euphrates/links/63d8e33e62d2a24f92e1e598/Impact-of-Stroke-on-Patients-Health-Status-at-Middle-Euphrates.pdf#page=1082 Epidemiological Evidence that Helminthes Infestation is Associated with Less Risk of Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease]

* 2020 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32200170 Effects of the dietary fibre inulin and Trichuris suis products on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages] (TSO)

* 2020 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32171305/ Twenty-five-year research progress in hookworm excretory/secretory products] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071665/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071665/pdf/13071_2020_Article_4010.pdf PDF] (NA)

* 2020 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32163524/ The parasitic worm product ES-62 promotes health- and life-span in a high calorie diet-accelerated mouse model of ageing]

* 2020 Mar 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32153025/ Regulatory T-cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7341546/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7341546/pdf/IMM-160-248.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Mar 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32194529 Dietary Inulin and Trichuris suis Infection Promote Beneficial Bacteria Throughout the Porcine Gut] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064446/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064446/pdf/fmicb-11-00312.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2020 Mar 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32126084 Helminth infection modulates systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008101 Full text]

* 2020 Mar [https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article-abstract/113/Supplement_1/hcaa060.007/5829507?login=false Crosstalks between helminthes and microbiota to improve gut health] (Conference)

* 2020 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31866310/ Neurochemical and neuroinflammatory perturbations in two Gulf War Illness models: Modulation by the immunotherapeutic LNFPIII]

* 2020 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135180/ Helminths, polyparasitism, and the gut microbiome in the Philippines]

* 2020 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31705653/ Body fluid from the parasitic worm Ascaris suum inhibits broad-acting pro-inflammatory programs in dendritic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7011627/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7011627/pdf/IMM-159-322.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Feb 26 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7043569/ Analysis and characterization of the excreted and secreted products of parasitic helminths as immunomodulators of inflammatory bowel disease]

* 2020 Feb 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32099050/ Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and allergenic invertebrates putatively due to shared glycanic epitopes]

* 2020 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32081954/ Effect of T. spiralis Serine protease inhibitors on TNBS-induced experimental colitis mediated by Macrophages]

* 2020 Feb 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31843966/ Whipworm Infection Promotes Bacterial Invasion, Intestinal Microbiota Imbalance, and Cellular Immunomodulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7035941/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7035941/pdf/IAI.00642-19.pdf PDF]

* 2020 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31075526/ Metagonimus miyatai ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice]

* 2020 Jan-Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32123528 Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis About Helminth Immunotherapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041615 Full text]

* 2020 Jan 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32005978 The gut microbiota response to helminth infection depends on host sex and genotype]

* 2020 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32010203/ Co-existence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cystic echinococcosis]

* 2020 Jan 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31976564 Wuchereria bancrofti macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (rWbaMIF-2) ameliorates experimental colitis]

* 2020 Jan 24 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/evaluation-of-intestinal-helminth-modulation-of-host-immune-respo/ Evaluation of Intestinal Helminth Modulation of Host Immune Responses] -- [https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/188965905/FULL_TEXT.PDF PDF] (Thesis)

* 2020 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31971074 A critical analysis of helminth immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis]

* 2020 Jan 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31954872 Suppression of systemic lupus erythematosus in NZBWF1 mice infected with Hymenolepis microstoma]

* 2020 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31894102 Helminth infections drive heterogeneity in human type 2 and regulatory cells]

* 2020 Jan-Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32489374/ Marshallagia marshalli Antigen Strengthens Dendritic Cell Mediated T Lymphocyte Regulation on Asthmatic Patients]

* 2020 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31352539 Potential application of helminth therapy for resolution of neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders]

* 2020 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31605645/ Th2 signals are not essential for the anti-arthritic effects of Trichinella spiralis in mice]

* 2020 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31914677 Fasciola helminth defense molecule-1 protects against experimental arthritis by inhibiting osteoclast formation and function without modulating the systemic immune response]

* 2020 [https://www.jfi-online.org/index.php/jfi/article/view/49 Immunoregulation of Multiple Sclerosis by Helminth Therapy: A Literature Review]

* 2020 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ozAHEAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA25&ots=gy1R8flunt&dq=encephalomyelitis%20helminth&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q&f=false Helminth Therapy: A New Tool for Treatment of Allergic Diseases] book chapter

===2019===

* 2019 Dec 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31888063 Immunomodulation of Murine Chronic DSS-Induced Colitis by Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/1/65/htm Full text]

* 2019 Dec 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878146 Safety of P28GST, a Protein Derived from a Schistosome Helminth Parasite, in Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Pilot Study (ACROHNEM)] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/1/41/htm Full text] (see also 08/12/2021 [https://theses.fr/2021LILUS044 Compréhension du mécanisme d'action de la P28GST dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires auto-immunes] (Thesis, in French)

* 2019 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31885223 Toxicity of parasites and their unconventional use in medicine]

* 2019 Dec 16 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/items/12978742-dbac-4584-b871-89e52668a0fa Characterization of mechanisms induced by Strongyloides venezuelensis infection that act in the modulation of ulcerative colitis caused by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in mice] (Thesis, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)

* 2019 Dec 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31845020 Amelioration of type 1 diabetes by recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and cystatin derived from Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model]

* 2019 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683117/ Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]

* 2019 Dec 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31836772 Immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata in treatment of experimental DSS-induced colitis in mouse model]

* 2019 Dec 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31834940 Chronic infection with a tissue invasive helminth attenuates sublethal anaphylaxis and reduces granularity and number of mast cells]

* 2019 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31829172 Safety and tolerability of experimental hookworm infection in humans with metabolic disease: study protocol for a phase 1b randomised controlled clinical trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6907345/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6907345/pdf/12902_2019_Article_461.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Dec 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31655260/ Cross-Species Suppression of Hepatoma Cell Growth and Migration by a Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA]

* 2019 Dec 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31582416/ ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6888984/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6888984/pdf/JEM_20180610.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31407335/ Helminth-derived molecules inhibit colitis-associated colon cancer development through NF-κB and STAT3 regulation]

* 2019 Dec [https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/items/7fa0c1f4-e1f5-4ac2-9c9a-48c6df3ea10b The role of serotonin in the immunoregulation by the helminth parasite Hymenolepis diminuta] (Thesis) (HDC)

* 2019 Dec [https://www.benthamdirect.com/content/journals/cctr/10.2174/1573394714666181003143717 The Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis: From Theory to Therapeutic Helminths] (book chapter)

* 2019 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31634505/ Synthetic small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 promote metabolic homeostasis during obesity in a mouse model]

* 2019 Nov 25 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/7e623463-d811-408d-9f98-4a7e59a96f7b Helminth-derived inhibitors of the IL-33 pathway] (Thesis, Edinburgh)

* 2019 Nov 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31747598/ Helminth Infections Suppress the Efficacy of Vaccination against Seasonal Influenza] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(19)31365-8 Full text] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6888984/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6888984/pdf/JEM_20180610.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31700040/ Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the canine tapeworm as a potential therapeutic for melanoma]

* 2019 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31719981 The interplay of type 2 immunity, helminth infection and the microbiota in regulating metabolism] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837856/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837856/pdf/CTI2-8-e01089.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31781154 The Effect of Gut Microbiome Composition on Human Immune Responses: An Exploration of Interference by Helminth Infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856646/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856646/pdf/fgene-10-01028.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Nov [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360257975_The_Role_of_Helminths_in_Allergic_Diseases The Role of Helminths in Allergic Diseases] (Turkish)

* 2019 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31496071/ Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 suppresses airway inflammation of allergic asthma in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6815837/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6815837/pdf/JCMM-23-7819.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31673002/ Intestinal helminth infection enhances bacteria-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the airspace] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6823376/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6823376/pdf/41598_2019_Article_51991.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736971/ Adiponectin Limits IFN-γ and IL-17 Producing CD4 T Cells in Obesity by Restraining Cell Intrinsic Glycolysis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6828851/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6828851/pdf/fimmu-10-02555.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683117 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] (Multiple sclerosis)

* 2019 Oct 23 [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/employing-parasitic-worm-products-to-improve-healing-of-chronic-w/ Employing parasitic worm products to improve healing of chronic wounds] (Thesis)

* 2019 Oct 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31627736/ Giardia duodenalis infection in the context of a community-based deworming and water, sanitation and hygiene trial in Timor-Leste] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/31627736/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6798381/pdf/13071_2019_Article_3752.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31750318/ Hemozoin From the Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, Modulates Dendritic Cell Responses in Bronchial Asthma Patients]

* 2019 Oct 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31713379/ Protective effect of excretory-secretory protein from adult Trichinella spiralis on ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice] (Chinese)

* 2019 Oct 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31605645 Th2 signals are not essential for the anti-arthritic effects of Trichinella spiralis in mice]

* 2019 Oct 11 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/8097 Evaluation of protective immune responses against Litomosoides sigmodontis and analysis of L. sigmodontis extract on T cell modulation and glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice] (Thesis, Bonn)

* 2019 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31649786 Therapeutic applicability of helminths in autoimmune diseases - literature overview] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6807663/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6807663/pdf/PG-14-37798.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31611876 Ascaris lumbricoides Cystatin Prevents Development of Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6777510/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6777510/pdf/fimmu-10-02280.pdf PDF] (But also see the details [[Ascaris lumbricoides | '''here''']] regarding the potentially adverse effects of infection with ascaris lumbricoides.)

* 2019 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31607934/ Employing Parasite Against Cancer: A Lesson From the Canine Tapeworm Echinococcus Granulocus]

* 2019 Sep 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31541662 Helminth-microbiota cross-talk - a journey through the vertebrate digestive system]

* 2019 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31508807 Public health deworming programmes for soil-transmitted helminths in children living in endemic areas]

* 2019 Sep 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31496071 Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 suppresses airway inflammation of allergic asthma in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcmm.14661 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcmm.14661 PDF]

* 2019 Sep 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31487324 Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and recombinant Omega-1 modulate induced CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses and HIV-1 infection in vitro] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1007924 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1007924&type=printable PDF] (Also reported by Healio. [https://www.healio.com/infectious-disease/hiv-aids/news/online/%7Bafe40491-17f2-456b-b151-8cf73288c38b%7D/helminth-infection-may-reduce-hiv-transmission-disease])

* 2019 Sep [https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(19)32281-X/fulltext Immunomodulation of skin inflammation by P28GST, a helminth parasite-derived protein, in a murine model of psoriasis]

* 2019 Sep [https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31778 Determining the impact of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection on the development of colitis] (Thesis, Cape Town)

* 2019 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31260090/ Soil-transmitted helminth infection and intestinal inflammation among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador]

* 2019 Sep [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/705038 Invisible Designers: Brain Evolution Through the Lens of Parasite Manipulation]

* 2019 Sep 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31492623 Immune Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis by Helminths and Their Molecules]

* 2019 Aug 21 [https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/vetfarmatoksbulten/article/560293 Therapeutic helminths: a new perspective against the parasite] (Turkish)

* 2019 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31407335 Helminth-derived molecules inhibit colitis-associated colon cancer development through NF-kB and STAT3 regulation]

* 2019 Aug 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31397879 Critical roles of regulatory B and T cells in helminth parasite-induced protection against allergic airway inflammation]

* 2019 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30407548/ Metabolic Consequences of Concomitant Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669314/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669314/pdf/ciy935.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30835837/ A biodiversity hypothesis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.13763 Full text]

* 2019 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31284930/ Helminths and asthma: Risk and protection]

* 2019 Jul 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31138616/ Schistosoma mansoni Worm Infection Regulates the Intestinal Microbiota and Susceptibility to Colitis]

* 2019 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31299381 The helminth-derived peptide GK-1 induces an anti-tumoral CD8 T cell response associated with downregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway] (Cancer)

* 2019 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31078638/ Role of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0303720719301224 Full text]

* 2019 Jul 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31260090 Soil-transmitted helminth infection and intestinal inflammation among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador] (TTO)

* 2019 Jul-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31579670 The endosymbiotic role of intestinal helminths in multiple sclerosis: Promising probiotic hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6767793/ Full text]

* 2019 Jul [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/1d1de1e4-4323-42fc-8e8f-2be2c5bf04c5 Modulation of immune responses by Fasciola hepatica-derived products] (Thesis)

* 2019 Jun 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31253164 Preventive and therapeutic effects of Trichinella spiralis adult extracts on allergic inflammation in an experimental asthma mouse model] -- [https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-019-3561-1 Full text]

* 2019 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31255915 The immune response to Hymenolepis nana in mice decreases tumorigenesis induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz-anthracene] (For a very readable commentary on this paper, see, [https://biomebuzz.com/2019/07/09/more-on-helminths-and-the-prevention-of-cancer/ More on Helminths and the Prevention of Cancer].)

* 2019 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31297120/ Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lep r db/ db Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6607994/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6607994/pdf/fimmu-10-01471.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Jun 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31209366 Helminths and microbiota — partners in arthritis prevention?]

* 2019 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31212833 Contribution of the Gut Microbiota in P28GST-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Experimental and Clinical Insights] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/6/577/htm Full text]

* 2019 Jun 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31187881 Regulation of Immunity and Allergy by Helminth Parasites]

* 2019 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30554425/ House dust mite drives proinflammatory eicosanoid reprogramming and macrophage effector functions]

* 2019 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30716463 An advanced protocol for the purification of whipworm eggs from feces for use as therapeutic agents]

* 2019 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31106875/ Parasites and allergy: a case of more means less and less means more?]

* 2019 Jun [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20193255843 The inhibitory effect of Th1 epitope peptide from schistosoma japonicum egg antigen with different adjuvant on OVA-induced allergic asthma in mice] (Chinese)

* 2019 Jun [https://repository.qu.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2019/07/The-association-between-helminthes-infestation-and-IBD-in-the-context-of-NOD2CARD15-gene-polymorphism-and-serum-Levels-of-IL1Beta-and-IL10.pdf The association between helminths infestation and IBD in the context of NOD3/Card15 gene polymorphism and serum levels of IL1beta and IL10] (thesis)

* 2019 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31236458 Pre-conception maternal helminth infection transfers via nursing long-lasting cellular immunity against helminths to offspring] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6587632/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6587632/pdf/aav3058.pdf PDF]

* 2019 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31153721 Helminth Therapy – From the Parasite Perspective] | [[media:Helminth_Therapy_–_From_the_Parasite_Perspective.pdf | PDF]]

* 2019 May 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31138616 Schistosoma mansoni worm infection regulates the intestinal microbiota and susceptibility to colitis]

* 2019 May 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31205419 Inverse Associations of Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Metabolic Syndromes in Humans: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast Ethiopia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537292/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537292/pdf/10.1177_1178636119849934.pdf PDF]

* 2019 May 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31178861 Anti-inflammatory Trained Immunity Mediated by Helminth Products Attenuates the Induction of T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537856/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537856/pdf/fimmu-10-01109.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)

* 2019 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30952815/ TLR2 Plays a Pivotal Role in Mediating Mucosal Serotonin Production in the Gut] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/202/10/3041/846/TLR2-Plays-a-Pivotal-Role-in-Mediating-Mucosal Full text]

* 2019 May 2 [https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/items/9d0524d3-fa6b-4364-89f0-85a3ec2eaf26 Bodies Inside Bodies: Examining the Use of Helminthic Therapy and its Challenge to Popular and Biomedical Discourses] (Thesis, Washington)

* 2019 May 1 [https://researchopenworld.com/filarial-parasite-derived-new-potential-bio-therapeutic-agents-for-inflammatory-bowel-diseases/ Filarial Parasite-Derived New Potential Bio-Therapeutic Agents For Inflammatory Bowel Diseases]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30852293/ Dendritic cells treated by Trichinella spiralis muscle larval excretory/secretory products alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in mice]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638679/ Modulation of autoimmune arthritis by environmental 'hygiene' and commensal microbiota]

* 2019 May [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268200541.pdf Evaluating Helminth to Treat Type 2 Diabetes – A Review]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31084896/ Effects of Ascaris and Trichuris antigens on cytokine production in porcine blood mononuclear and epithelial cells] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165242718304434?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30986403 Removal of adult cyathostomins alters faecal microbiota and promotes an inflammatory phenotype in horses] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751919300815?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2019 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30633850/ Do helminth infections underpin urban-rural differences in risk factors for allergy-related outcomes?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6518997/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6518997/pdf/CEA-49-663.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31040320/ Effect of co-infection with a small intestine-restricted helminth pathogen on oral prion disease pathogenesis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6491469/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6491469/pdf/41598_2019_Article_42900.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31024043/ Adoptive transfer of Trichinella spiralis-activated macrophages can ameliorate both Th1- and Th2-activated inflammation in murine models]

* 2019 Apr 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31016721 Helminths products directly modulate T cells that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] (Multiple sclerosis)

* 2019 Apr 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31004803 Cytokine production in allergic and Trichuris trichiura-infected children from an urban region of the Brazilian northeast] (TTO)

* 2019 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30850474/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection Decreases Smad7 Expression in Intestinal CD4+ T Cells, Which Allows TGF-β to Induce IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells That Block Colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7890536/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/30850474/ PDF]

* 2019 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30991712 Characterization of Tapeworm Metabolites and Their Reported Biological Activities] — [https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/8/1480/htm Full text]

* 2019 Apr 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30980897 Genetic diversity of the potentially therapeutic tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576918302800?fbclid=IwAR37HAgKvovhcjr5FkSQAK3NVpoW_7_n79WOyeqKBgCbJHtHaByAC6tRzlc Full text] (HDC)

* 2019 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30962398/ Suppression of obesity by an intestinal helminth through interactions with intestinal microbiota] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6529657/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6529657/pdf/IAI.00042-19.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Press Relase [https://asm.org/press-releases/2019/april/intestinal-helminths-boost-fat-burning-japanese-in])

* 2019 Apr 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30952846 The parasitic worm product ES-62 normalises the gut microbiota bone marrow axis in inflammatory arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6451002/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6451002/pdf/41467_2019_Article_9361.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31019505/ ILC2s-Trailblazers in the Host Response Against Intestinal Helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458269/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458269/pdf/fimmu-10-00623.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Apr [https://puj.journals.ekb.eg/article_31573_2b9d7c536ca6f5ca6d56a80cd9ff06f2.pdf Immunomodulating effect of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen on course of induced diabetes mellitus in experimental mice]

* 2019 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30758662 Helminths protect against type 1 diabetes: effects and mechanisms]

* 2019 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30902137 Helminth therapy for autism under gut-brain axis- hypothesis] -- [https://tanawisa.com/downloads/Helminth_therapy_for%20autism_under_gut-brain%20axis-_hypothesis.pdf PDF] (TSO)

* 2019 Mar 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31016928 Progress of research on the interplay between helminth and intestinal protozoa and gut microbiota]

* 2019 Mar 26 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/70477 Immune modulation by helminths and the impact on the development of type 2 diabetes] (Thesis)

* 2019 Mar 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670556/ Hookworm-Derived Metabolites Suppress Pathology in a Mouse Model of Colitis and Inhibit Secretion of Key Inflammatory Cytokines in Primary Human Leukocytes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6434117/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6434117/pdf/IAI.00851-18.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30967999/ Schistosoma japonicum MiRNA-7-5p Inhibits the Growth and Migration of Hepatoma Cells via Cross-Species Regulation of S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2]

* 2019 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30936867/ Schistosoma mansoni Coinfection Attenuates Murine Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Crohn's-Like Ileitis by Preserving the Epithelial Barrier and Downregulating the Inflammatory Response]

* 2019 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30879759 Therapeutic Potential of Helminths and Helminth-Derived Antigens for Resolution of Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (IBD)

* 2019 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30862816/ Maternal Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection Up-regulates Expression of Genes Associated with Long-Term Potentiation in Perinatal Brains of Uninfected Developing Pups]

* 2019 Mar 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30852293 Dendritic cells treated by Trichinella spiralis muscle larval excretory/secretory products alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in mice]

* 2019 Mar [https://www.astctjournal.org/article/S1083-8791(18)31492-7/fulltext Intestinal Immune Conditioning with Helminths Employs Host T Helper 2 (Th2) Pathway to Induce Mixed Chimerism and Regulate Graft-Versus-Host Disease] -- [https://www.astctjournal.org/article/S1083-8791(18)31492-7/pdf PDF]

* 2019 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30763570/ Therapeutic effects of Echinococcus granulosus cystic fluid on allergic airway inflammation]

* 2019 Mar [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/137068 Innate immune mechanisms of chronic airways disease] (Thesis)

* 2019 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30905098 Helminth-Related Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine Compound and its Interplay with Autoimmune Diseases] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/344/172407.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638709/ The therapeutic potential of tuftsin-phosphorylcholine in giant cell arteritis]

* 2019 Feb 28 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/69117 Immune modulation by schistosomes: mechanisms of regulatory B cell induction and inhibition of allergic asthma] (Thesis)

* 2019 Feb 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30807258 Filarial extract of Litomosoides sigmodontis induces a type 2 immune response and attenuates plaque development in hyperlipidemic ApoE-knockout mice]

* 2019 Feb 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30789970/ Association between previous schistosome infection and incident hyperuricemia: A prospective cohort study in China]

* 2019 Feb 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30801028 Helminth-Based Product and the Microbiome of Mice with Lupus] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381224/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381224/pdf/mSystems.00160-18.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30815237/ Exploration of extracellular vesicles from Ascaris suum provides evidence of parasite-host cross talk] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6383609/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6383609/pdf/zjev-8-1578116.pdf PDF]

* 2019 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30623233 Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis infection changes the gut microbiome and increases probiotic Lactobacillus in mice]

* 2019 Feb [https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4654393/?gathStatIcon=true Helminth-allergy associations in rural and urban Uganda: insights from antibody studies] (Thesis)

* 2019 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670631 Role of mast cells in the generation of a T-helper type 2 dominated anti-helminthic immune response] (HDC)

* 2019 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30668930 Macrophages treated with antigen from the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta condition CD25+ T cells to suppress colitis] (HDC)

* 2019 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30713536/ Modulation of Allergic Reactivity in Humans Is Dependent on Schistosoma mansoni Parasite Burden, Low Levels of IL-33 or TNF-α and High Levels of IL-10 in Serum]

* 2019 Jan 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30629580/ Antagonistic effects of Plasmodium-helminth co-infections on malaria pathology in different population groups in Côte d'Ivoire]

* 2019 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30687325/ Schistosoma mansoni rSm29 Antigen Induces a Regulatory Phenotype on Dendritic Cells and Lymphocytes From Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis]

* 2019 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626617 Cross-Domain and Viral Interactions in the Microbiome] (Includes a 10-page section on microbiota/helminth interactions and their effects on immune function.)

* 2019 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30640950 Exclusive dependence of IL-10Rα signalling on intestinal microbiota homeostasis and control of whipworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6347331/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6347331/pdf/ppat.1007265.pdf PDF] (This study contributes to understanding of the actions of TSO and TTO on diseases such as IBD.)

* 2019 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30194773/ STAT6 and IL-10 are required for the anti-arthritic effects of Schistosoma mansoni via different mechanisms]

* 2019 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30419451/ Effect of recombinant Trichinella spiralis cysteine proteinase inhibitor on TNBS-induced experimental inflammatory bowel disease in mice]

* 2019 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30413272 Effect of Trichinella spiralis intervention on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice]

* 2019 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30529501/ Helminth-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567576918306477?via%3Dihub Full text]

* 2019 [https://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration-12989.html Parasitic Worms for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration] -- [https://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/parasitic-worms-for-the-treatment-of-neurodegeneration.pdf PDF]

* 2019 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128143070000608 Helminthes and Autoimmunity, a Love Story] (book chapter of Mosaic of Autoimmunity - The Novel Factors of Autoimmune Diseases)

* 2019 [https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/202476 Efeito do tratamento com extrato de Fasciola hepatica e cistatinas recombinantes de Fasciola hepatica em modelo de artrite induzida por antígeno] (Master, Portuguese)

* 2019 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780702068966000314 Immune Responses to Helminth Infection] book chapter of Clinical Immunology

* 2019 [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/2419 Helminths and intestinal microbiota interaction: role in the development of noncommunicable diseases] -- [https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/260360/1/2419-7001-1-SM.pdf PDF] (Russian)

* 2019 [https://iejsme.imu.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/3.-Editorial.pdf Can parasites and their products provide therapeutic leads?]

* 2019 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20203234322 Helminth-based therapy in inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://www.scientia.zooparaz.net/2019_20_01/25-32-SP-2019-Catana.pdf PDF]

* 2019 [https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/231378 Insight into how helminths shape the immune system : from macrophages to bystander memory CD8+ T lymphocytes] (Thesis, Liège)

* 2019 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/117e59f4-1d49-458c-a58a-bf5cb7a7d234 Impacto de la actividad anti-inflamatoria de Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo del cáncer de colon asociado a colitis] (Thesis, Mexico, spanish)

* 2019 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/1eefe8a7-51bc-4fbf-b30b-3290b7a0232f Efecto de los antígenos secretados por el parásito helminto Taenia crassiceps en distintas rutas de señalización comúnmente afectadas en cáncer colorrectal] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2019 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/5c68d175-21cf-4fce-93da-71cd678bebb2 Efecto de los productos excretados/secretados de Taenia crassiceps sobre la población de células Tregs durante el desarrollo de cáncer de colon asociado a colitis] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2019 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/db3400dc-bccd-4b2b-96b3-83a33b844537 Papel de las células T reguladoras inducidas por antígenos excretados/secretados de Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo de colitis experimental] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

* 2019 [https://indianjournals.com/article/ijfmt-13-4-170 Immune Modulation as A Result of Helminthes Infestation in Patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Disease, Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: Cases Control Study]

* 2019 [https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:0335413 Mining helminth secretions for new classes of immune suppressing drugs] (Thesis, Queensland)

===2018===

* 2018 Dec 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30592734 Treatment with P28GST, a schistosome-derived enzyme, after acute colitis induction in mice: Decrease of intestinal inflammation associated with a down regulation of Th1/Th17 responses]
* 2018 Dec 17 [https://repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/1ca9c39d-7359-43f4-a2da-5c5dcdb9687d/content Effects of Ascaris lumbricoides in eosinophils, regulatory B cells and asthma severity in asthmatic patients from a helminth endemic population] (master report)
* 2018 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30554380 Tuftsin phosphorylcholine-a novel compound harnessing helminths to fight autoimmunity] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-018-9051-2 Full text]
* 2018 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30619265 Human Hookworm Infection Enhances Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition and Associates With Reduced Risk of Tuberculosis Infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6302045/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6302045/pdf/fimmu-09-02893.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2018 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30292284 The Schistosoma mansoni lipidome: Leads for immunomodulation] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267017313363 Full text] | [https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0003267017313363?token=BE837298629AA0AF5C0E7F7891E97CA7FBF2194B7348A12FD0CCFD79C45F12DF3E6C69079090C901826FD2CA09ADDD16 PDF]
* 2018 Dec 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638679 Modulation of autoimmune arthritis by environmental 'hygiene' and commensal microbiota]
* 2018 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30529501 Helminth-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis]
* 2018 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30517865 B Cells Produce the Tissue-Protective Protein RELMa during Helminth Infection, which Inhibits IL-17 Expression and Limits Emphysema] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9413029/ Full text] (Wound healing)
* 2018 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30517697 The double burden of diabetes and global infection in low and middle-income countries]
* 2018 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33601839/ Therapeutic effects of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen in high fat diet induced dyslipidemia, hepatic and cardiovascular pathology in mice]
* 2018 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530386/ Skin Reactivity to Aeroallergens in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Brazilian Individuals and Modulation of CCL2 and IL-10]
* 2018 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29411665/ Immunomodulatory potential of recombinant filarial protein, rWbL2, and its therapeutic implication in experimental ulcerative colitis in mouse]
* 2018 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30105843/ Effect of two recombinant Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitors on TNBS-induced experimental colitis of mice]
* 2018 Dec [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jj0r5rj Immunoregulatory Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of Hookworm Infection] (Thesis)
* 2018 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30567900 Fh15 Blocks the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Storm While Modulating Peritoneal Macrophage Migration and CD38 Expression within Spleen Macrophages in a Mouse Model of Septic Shock] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6300687/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6300687/pdf/mSphere.00548-18.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Nov 30 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/33225 Effect of congruent gastro-intestinal pathogen infection on oral prion disease susceptibility] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/33225/Sanchez%20Quintero2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2018 Nov 26 [https://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail?id=PeriodicalPaper_zgdfbxzz201810023 Anti-tumor effect induced by helminth infection] (Chinese)
* 2018 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30462997 Modulation of Host Immunity by Helminths: The Expanding Repertoire of Parasite Effector Molecules]
* 2018 Nov 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30483256 Schistosoma mansoni Infection-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Hepatic Macrophage Metabolism Correlate With an Athero-Protective Phenotype] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240656/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240656/pdf/fimmu-09-02580.pdf PDF] (Metabolic syndrome)
* 2018 Nov 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30473696 Mucosal Barrier and Th2 Immune Responses Are Enhanced by Dietary Inulin in Pigs Infected With Trichuris suis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6237860/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6237860/pdf/fimmu-09-02557.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2018 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30407548 Metabolic consequences of concomitant Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Type 2 diabetes mellitus]
* 2018 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30401814 Intestinal helminth infection promotes IL-5- and CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity in the lung against migrating parasites]
* 2018 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30121255/ Helminth Antigen-Conditioned Dendritic Cells Generate Anti-Inflammatory Cd4 T Cells Independent of Antigen Presentation via Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II] (HDC) (Colitis)
* 2018 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118915/ Acute infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis increases intestine production IL-10, reduces Th1/Th2/Th17 induction in colon and attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced colitis in BALB/c mice]
* 2018 Oct 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30379806 The Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population requires IL-4Rα signaling to control inflammation during helminth infections]
* 2018 Oct 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30375396/ Helminth-induced IL-4 expands bystander memory CD8+ T cells for early control of viral infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207712/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207712/pdf/41467_2018_Article_6978.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30372527 Maternal helminth infections and the shaping of offspring immunity]
* 2018 Oct 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30374177 Analysis of the Trichuris suis excretory/secretory proteins as a function of life cycle stage and their immunomodulatory properties] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206011/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206011/pdf/41598_2018_Article_34174.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2018 Oct 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30361537 Virtual memory CD8 T cells expanded by helminth infection confer broad protection against bacterial infection]
* 2018 Oct 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30104215/ Host- and Helminth-Derived Endocannabinoids That Have Effects on Host Immunity Are Generated during Infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6204704/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6204704/pdf/e00441-18.pdf PDF] (media coverage "[https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2018/08/22/getting-high-worms Getting high on worms]")
* 2018 Oct 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30416709 Helminth parasites and immune regulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206608/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206608/pdf/f1000research-7-17014.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30353019 A comprehensive analysis of the faecal microbiome and metabolome of Strongyloides stercoralis infected volunteers from a non-endemic area] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6199319/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6199319/pdf/41598_2018_Article_33937.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341242 Mast Cell Deficiency in Mice Results in Biomass Overgrowth and Delayed Expulsion of the Rat Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta] (HDC)
* 2018 Oct 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30336585 Failure of the Anti-Inflammatory Parasitic Worm Product ES-62 to Provide Protection in Mouse Models of Type I Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2669/htm Full text]
* 2018 Oct 16 [https://www.arc.gov.au/news-publications/media/feature-articles/combatting-autoimmune-diseases-humble-hookworm?fbclid=IwAR0DxQ-uGjksCaC1gkCgpXhw2_ImRwgswkbyTukwHbLY2ZbNbWQD53KlXvc Combatting autoimmune diseases with the humble hookworm]
* 2018 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30386324/ Helminth Infections Induce Tissue Tolerance Mitigating Immunopathology but Enhancing Microbial Pathogen Susceptibility] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6198046/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6198046/pdf/fimmu-09-02135.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30369927 Immunomodulation by Helminths: Intracellular Pathways and Extracellular Vesicles] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194161/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194161/pdf/fimmu-09-02349.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30316775 Immunomodulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens on macrophages]
* 2018 Oct 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30349532/ Parasitic Nematodes Exert Antimicrobial Activity and Benefit From Microbiota-Driven Support for Host Immune Regulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6186814/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6186814/pdf/fimmu-09-02282.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30291167 Helminth-Induced Production of TGF-β and Suppression of Graft-versus-Host Disease Is Dependent on IL-4 Production by Host Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6219912/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6219912/pdf/nihms-1506720.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29986301/ The hygiene hypothesis: immunological mechanisms of airway tolerance] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6202673/ Full text]
* 2018 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30113218/ Interactions of helminths with macrophages: therapeutic potential for inflammatory intestinal disease]
* 2018 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29954660/ The Untapped Pharmacopeic Potential of Helminths]
* 2018 Sep 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30266743 Parasites as negative regulators of cancer] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6200699/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6200699/pdf/bsr-38-bsr20180935.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319571 The Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6167487/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6167487/pdf/fmicb-09-02247.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2018 Sep 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30298071/ Host–Parasite Interactions Promote Disease Tolerance to Intestinal Helminth Infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6160735/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6160735/pdf/fimmu-09-02128.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Sep 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30230399 Randomized Crossover Feasibility Trial of Helminthic Trichuris Suis Ova vs. Placebo for Repetitive Behaviors in Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder] (TSO) This research used a novel TSO formulation at pH 5 that is known to be less effective than the original formulation at pH 2.4. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335]
* 2018 Sep 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30229947 Soil-transmitted helminth parasites and allergy: observations from Ecuador]
* 2018 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30216486 Parasites and allergy: observations from Africa]
* 2018 Sep 12 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/102344 Paraziti a roztroušená skleróza: spouštěči onemocnění, nebo nástroj terapie?] (Bachelor thesis, Czech)
* 2018 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30205385/ A Trypsin-Sensitive Proteoglycan from the Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta Inhibits Murine Neutrophil Chemotaxis in vitro by Suppressing p38 MAP Kinase Activation] (HDC)
* 2018 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30194773 STAT6 & IL-10 are required for the anti-arthritic effects of Schistosoma mansoni via different mechanisms]
* 2018 Sep 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177522/ Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6148219/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6148219/pdf/bsr-38-bsr20180027.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29909781/ The benign helminth Hymenolepis diminuta ameliorates chemically induced colitis in a rat model system] (HDC)
* 2018 Sep [https://www.proquest.com/openview/419c91371060e14f1c1ffc09bf722081/1 The Use of Helminth Parasites to Treat Allergic and Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases] (Master thesis)
* 2018 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802846/ Synthetic analogues of the parasitic worm product ES-62 reduce disease development in in vivo models of lung fibrosis]
* 2018 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29941203/ Helminth-Bacterial Interactions: Cause and Consequence] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/abstract/S1471-4906(18)30110-8?sf212515596=1 Full text]
* 2018 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30165069 The hygiene hypothesis at a glance: early exposures, immune mechanism and novel therapies]
* 2018 Aug 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30113218 Interactions of helminths with macrophages: therapeutic potential for inflammatory intestinal disease]
* 2018 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118915 Acute infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis increases intestine production IL-10, reduces Th1/Th2/Th17 induction in colon and attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced colitis in BALB/c mice]
* 2018 Aug 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30107039 Isolated Schistosoma mansoni eggs prevent allergic airway inflammation] (Allergic asthma)
* 2018 Aug 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30089122 Helminths-based bi-functional molecule, tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC), ameliorates an established murine arthritis] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0200615 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0200615&type=printable PDF]
* 2018 Aug 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30131945 The Intestinal Roundworm Ascaris suum Releases Antimicrobial Factors Which Interfere With Bacterial Growth and Biofilm Formation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6090379/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6090379/pdf/fcimb-08-00271.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30069018 Hookworm exposure decreases human papillomavirus uptake and cervical cancer cell migration through systemic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker expression] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-30058-9 Full text] | [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-30058-9.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29941205/ Classic Models for New Perspectives: Delving into Helminth-Microbiota-Immune System Interactions]
* 2018 Aug [https://open.uct.ac.za/items/faac602f-4e1b-4749-ba25-774c050b6594 Cancer cell behaviour following parasite exposure] -- [https://open.uct.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/8dcd05ac-3817-43aa-a3bc-c0cb4e2e90d4/content PDF] (Master, Cape Town)
* 2018 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30142867 Trichuris suis ova therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis] -- [https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2018/08240/Trichuris_suis_ova_therapy_in_inflammatory_bowel.119.aspx Full text] (IBD) The 6 papers analysed in this study all have significant design flaws. All but one had a treatment period of only 12 weeks, which is inadequate when assessing the efficacy of helminths, and the only study with a longer treatment period was designed to assess the safety and tolerability, and not the efficacy, of a ''single'' dose of TSO. Four of the six studies selected had also used a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study are therefore not reliable.
* 2018 Jul 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30108588 A Role for Epitope Networking in Immunomodulation by Helminths] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6079203/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6079203/pdf/fimmu-09-01763.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30093899 Trichinella spiralis Infection Mitigates Collagen-Induced Arthritis via Programmed Death 1-Mediated Immunomodulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070611/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070611/pdf/fimmu-09-01566.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30043455 Worms: Pernicious Parasites or Allies Against Allergies?]
* 2018 Jul 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30021142 Getting a Taste for Parasites in the Gut]
* 2018 Jul 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30061834 Influence of NOD2 Variants on Trichuris suis ova Treatment Outcome in Crohn's Disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054957/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054957/pdf/fphar-09-00764.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jul 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30003599 Hookworms Make Us Human: The Microbiome, Eco-immunology, and a Probiotic Turn in Western Health Care] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/2/2d/Hookworms_Make_Us_Human-_The_Microbiome%2C_Eco-immunology%2C_and_a_Probiotic_Turn_in_Western_Health_Care.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2018 Jul 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30108588/ A Role for Epitope Networking in Immunomodulation by Helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6079203/ Full text]
* 2018 Jul 20 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/handle/1843/BUOS-B8ELJN Influência da administração de extrato bruto de Necator americanus em camundongos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2018 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29992625 Hematopoietic cell-derived RELMα regulates hookworm immunity through effects on macrophages] (Also reported by Science Daily. [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180806145207.htm])
* 2018 Jul 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30057915 Macrophage Activation and Functions during Helminth Infection: Recent Advances from the Laboratory Mouse] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6051086/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6051086/pdf/JIR2018-2790627.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jul 2 [https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00032 Eating Worms to Treat Autoimmune Diseases?]
* 2018 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30072827 SXP-RAL Family Filarial Protein, rWbL2, Prevents Development of DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052733/ Full text]
* 2018 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29915224 Characteristics of the bacterial microbiome in association with common intestinal parasites in irritable bowel syndrome] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6006308/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6006308/pdf/41424_2018_Article_27.pdf PDF] (IBS)
* 2018 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29796663 The therapeutic prospect of crosstalk between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in the human gut]
* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29522851/ The parasitic 68-mer peptide FhHDM-1 inhibits mixed granulocytic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in experimental asthma]
* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29486173 Soil-transmitted helminth infections and intestinal and systemic inflammation in schoolchildren] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001706X1830233X?via%3Dihub Full text] | [https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0001706X1830233X/1-s2.0-S0001706X1830233X-main.pdf?_tid=40509b04-c3e5-4baf-9f89-dfd29ef353d6&acdnat=1520445863_d2042c3fffa57972d2a29a072cebca94 PDF]
* 2018 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29653264/ Helminth infection in mice improves insulin sensitivity via modulation of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism]
* 2018 May 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29808496 Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles]
* 2018 May 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29852470 Helminth-induced regulatory T cells and suppression of allergic responses]
* 2018 May 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29875750 Extracellular Vesicles From the Helminth Fasciola hepatica Prevent DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in a T-Lymphocyte Independent Mode] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5974114/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5974114/pdf/fmicb-09-01036.pdf PDF]
* 2018 May 23 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad-Zibaei/publication/326071809_Helminths_and_Approach_to_Treatment_of_Immune-Mediated_Diseases/links/5b83985f4585151fd134fcca/Helminths-and-Approach-to-Treatment-of-Immune-Mediated-Diseases.pdf Helminths and Approach to Treatment of Immune-Mediated Diseases]
* 2018 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29891463/ Intervention with Schistosoma japonicum cysteine protease inhibitor for treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in mice] (Chinese)
* 2018 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29867986 Protection Against Arthritis by the Parasitic Worm Product ES-62, and Its Drug-Like Small Molecule Analogues, Is Associated With Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5967578/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5967578/pdf/fimmu-09-01016 PDF]
* 2018 May 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29867790 Parasite-Microbiota Interactions With the Vertebrate Gut: Synthesis Through an Ecological Lens] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5960673/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5960673/pdf/fmicb-09-00843.pdf PDF]
* 2018 May 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29746467 Disentangling complex parasite interactions: Protection against cerebral malaria by one helminth species is jeopardized by co-infection with another] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963812/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963812/pdf/pntd.0006483.pdf PDF]
* 2018 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29574798/ Modulation of human dendritic cell activity by Giardia and helminth antigens] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12525 Full text]
* 2018 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29121394/ Larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection reduces dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice by attenuating T helper type 1/type 17-mediated immune reactions]
* 2018 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/200/Supplement_1/52.9/7975944?login=false Fasciola hepatica Glutathione S-tranferase suppresses inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo against lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide on C57Bl/6 mice]
* 2018 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29760697 Hookworm Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Interact With Host Cells and Prevent Inducible Colitis in Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936971/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936971/pdf/fimmu-09-00850.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Apr 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29698559 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) equally effective to methylprednisolone in ameliorating lupus nephritis in a mice model] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6046477/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6046477/pdf/CEI-193-160.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Apr 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659774 Are intestinal worms nature’s anti-atherosclerosis vaccine?] [https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/18/1653/4967832 abstract]
* 2018 Apr 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29653264 Helminth infection in mice improves insulin sensitivity via modulation of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism]
* 2018 Apr 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29670630 Helminth Infections: Recognition and Modulation of the Immune Response by Innate Immune Cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5893867/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5893867/pdf/fimmu-09-00664.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29510117/ Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and pollen allergens from the birch tree (Betula verrucosa) and Timothy grass (Phleum pratense): involvement of shared glycan epitopes and implications for the hygiene hypothesis]
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29417715/ Competing for blood: the ecology of parasite resource competition in human malaria-helminth co-infections] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12919 Full text]
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29309743/ Population based and animal study on the effects of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the regulation of host glucose homeostasis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X17307544?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29623983 Symptomatic hypereosinophilia associated with Necator americanus self-inoculation] (NA)
* 2018 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29355990 A sticky end for gastrointestinal helminths; the role of the mucus barrier] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900928/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900928/pdf/PIM-40-na.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351079/ Syphacia muris infection in rats attenuates colorectal carcinogenesis through oxidative stress and gene expression alterations. Implications for modulatory effects by Bryostatin-1]
* 2018 Mar 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29569735 Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells]
* 2018 Mar 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29567298 Associations between Gut Microbiota and Common Luminal Intestinal Parasites]
* 2018 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29545532 Helminth infection protects against high fat diet-induced obesity via induction of alternatively activated macrophages] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854586/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854586/pdf/41598_2018_Article_22920.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29543807/ Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871004/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871004/pdf/pntd.0006332.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29546242 Manipulation of host and parasite microbiotas: Survival strategies during chronic nematode infection] -- [https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/3/eaap7399.full Full text] | [https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/3/eaap7399/tab-pdf PDF]
* 2018 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29594121/ Echinococcus granulosus: Cure for Cancer Revisited]
* 2018 Mar [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/55994/ Helminth infection and metabolic disease: Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Aboriginal community] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/55994/1/JCU_55994-hays-2018-thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis, James Cook)
* 2018 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29266481/ Human filarial proteins attenuate chronic colitis in an experimental mouse model]
* 2018 Feb 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29486796 Differential human gut microbiome assemblages during soil-transmitted helminth infections in Indonesia and Liberia] -- [https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-018-0416-5 Full text]
* 2018 Feb 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29453411 The impact of a helminth-modified microbiome on host immunity]
* 2018 Feb 16 [https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/125649 Characterisation of an immune-modulating peptide secreted by a helminth worm] (Thesis)
* 2018 Feb 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425229/ Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 serine protease inhibitor binds to elastase and impairs neutrophil function and inflammation]
* 2018 Feb 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29541642/ Host-Parasite Interactions in Individuals with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Result in Higher Frequency of Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5818974/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5818974/pdf/JDR2018-4238435.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Feb 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29402395 Intestinal worms eating neuropsychiatric disorders? Apparently so] | [[media:Intestinal_worms_eating_neuropsychiatric_disorders%3F_Apparently_so.pdf | PDF]]
* 2018 Jan 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31662622 Helminth Therapy: Advances in the use of Parasitic Worms Against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and its Challenges] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6799527/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6799527/pdf/helm-55-001.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29370855/ Of dogs and hookworms: man’s best friend and his parasites as a model for translational biomedical research] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5785905/ Full text] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5785905/pdf/13071_2018_Article_2621.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jan 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29355617 Serine protease inhibitors containing a Kunitz domain: their role in modulation of host inflammatory responses and parasite survival]
* 2018 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29387059/ Schistosoma Infection and Schistosoma-Derived Products Modulate the Immune Responses Associated with Protection against Type 2 Diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5776330/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5776330/pdf/fimmu-08-01990.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29346656 Host responses to intestinal nematodes]
* 2018 Jan 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29339033 Helminth Modulation of Lung Inflammation] (Asthma)
* 2018 Jan 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29358937/ Feeding Immunity: Physiological and Behavioral Responses to Infection and Resource Limitation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5766659/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5766659/pdf/fimmu-08-01914.pdf PDF]
* 2018 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29136163/ Ascaris Suum Infection Downregulates Inflammatory Pathways in the Pig Intestine In Vivo and in Human Dendritic Cells In Vitro] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/217/2/310/4608044 Full text]
* 2018 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351392/ Young mice expel the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta and are protected from colitis by triggering a memory response with worm antigen] -- [https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpgi.00295.2017 PDF] (HDC)
* 2018 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29300114/ The tropics, helminth infections and hygiene hypotheses] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/1744666X.2018.1424543?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org Full text]
* 2018 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29956141/ Production of Hymenolepis diminuta in the Laboratory: An Old Research Tool with New Clinical Applications] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/5/5c/Production_of_Hymenolepis_diminuta_in_the_Laboratory-_An_Old_Research_Tool_with_New_Clinical_Applications.pdf PDF]] (HDC)
* 2018 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Reham-Brakat/publication/342365437_Soluble_Tachyzoite_Antigen_Immunization_Can_Protect_Mice_from_Experimental_Autoimmune_Encephalomyelitis_Via_Induction_of_programmed_death-1/links/5ef10d1992851ce9e7fcaed6/Soluble-Tachyzoite-Antigen-Immunization-Can-Protect-Mice-from-Experimental-Autoimmune-Encephalomyelitis-Via-Induction-of-programmed-death-1.pdf Soluble Tachyzoite Antigen Immunization Can Protect Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Via Induction of programmed death-1] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2018 [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/issue/viewFile/57/20?embed=1#page=189 Metabolic syndromes, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in helminthic infections: review of the literature]
* 2018 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/71a2e89a-875f-48f4-9bc3-d4d793f2b96c Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)
* 2018 [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76792/ Development of peptides as potential drug leads for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases] (Thesis, James Cook)
* 2018 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/5b37bdc5-fae3-408c-8026-579d84941f02 Taenia crassiceps y sus productos controlan la diabetes experimental tipo 1](Thesis, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2018 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/9689a401-2df0-4281-8008-af40bc99832a Efecto de la administración de los productos de excreción-secreción (es) y del extracto crudo (ec) de Hymenolepis nana en la diabetes experimental murina inducida por streptozotocina] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2018 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahdi-Fakhar/publication/327437681_Good_Bacteria_and_Worms_As_Promising_Candidates_for_Inflammatory_Bowel_Disease/links/5b8fadf6a6fdcc1ddd1022c1/Good-Bacteria-and-Worms-As-Promising-Candidates-for-Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease.pdf Good Bacteria and Worms: As Promising Candidates for Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (Persian)
* 2018 [https://www.cntropmed.com/EN/abstract/abstract13488.shtml Advances on parasitic helminths in the treatment of autoimmune diseases] (Chinese)

=== 2017 ===

* 2017 Winter [https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses/356/ A Critical View of Helminthic Therapy: Is It a Viable Form of Treatment for Immune Disorders Under the Category of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?] -- [ https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1430&context=honorstheses PDF] Alyssa Murphy, undergraduate thesis
* 2017 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29491533 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine treatment of autoimmune diseases – a benefit and a message from helminths?] (No abstract) -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5825963/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5825963/pdf/RU-55-31448.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Dec 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29312343 Review: Impact of Helminth Infection on Antimycobacterial Immunity - A Focus on the Macrophage] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743664/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743664/pdf/fimmu-08-01864.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262347/ Recent Advances in Type-2-Cell-Mediated Immunity: Insights from Helminth Infection] -- [https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(17)30516-2 Full text]
* 2017 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29224909 Hygiene Hypothesis in Asthma Development: Is Hygiene to Blame?]
* 2017 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29390318/ Hymenolepis nana: A case report of a perfect IBD camouflage warrior]
* 2017 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28951343/ The relationship between treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Australian Aboriginal population: A three-year cohort study] -- [https://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-8227(17)30215-2/abstract Full text]
* 2017 Nov 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29238348 The Mannose Receptor in Regulation of Helminth-Mediated Host Immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5712593/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5712593/pdf/fimmu-08-01677.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29184071 Preventive Trichuris suis ova (TSO) treatment protects immunocompetent rabbits from DSS colitis but may be detrimental under conditions of immunosuppression] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5705695/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5705695/pdf/41598_2017_Article_16287.pdf PDF]
::According to Detlev Goj (developer and manufacturer of TSO) "The article equates rabbits with humans, which is of course extremely questionable. We have been working almost exclusively with immunosuppressed patients for many years and have not had a single case of exacerbation. Most studies with TSO were conducted with immunosuppressed patients and almost all of our customers were immunosuppressed."
* 2017 Nov 24 [https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-11-discovery-potent-parasite-protein-therapeutic.html Discovery of potent parasite protein may lead to new therapeutic options for inflammatory bowel conditions] Medical News Today (IBD)
* 2017 Nov 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29171863 Schistosoma mansoni-specific immune responses and allergy in Uganda]
* 2017 Nov 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29170498 A structurally distinct TGF-β mimic from an intestinal helminth parasite potently induces regulatory T cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701006/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701006/pdf/41467_2017_Article_1886.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29162324 Modulation of human macrophage activity by Ascaris antigens is dependent on macrophage polarization state]
* 2017 Nov 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29133417 Human resistin protects against endotoxic shock by blocking LPS-TLR4 interaction] (For media comment on this study linking helminths with potential sepsis treatment, see [https://highlandernews.org/31486/ucr-researchers-discovered-effective-treatment-sepsis/ here].)
* ✅ 2017 Nov 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29133248 Evolution of the hygiene hypothesis into biota alteration theory: What are the paradigms and where are the clinical applications?] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457917301855?via%3Dihub Full text] | [[media:Evolution_of_the_hygiene_hypothesis_into_biota_alteration_theory-_what_are_the_paradigms_and_where_are_the_clinical_applications%3F.pdf | PDF]]
* 2017 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29249872 Taenia crassiceps Antigens Control Experimental Type 1 Diabetes by Inducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages] — [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5698814/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5698814/pdf/MI2017-8074329.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29163443 Parasite-Derived Proteins for the Treatment of Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682104/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682104/pdf/fmicb-08-02164.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29115241/ Diet, atherosclerosis, and helmintic infection in Tsimane] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6042967/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6042967/pdf/nihms976321.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29095820 "Omic" investigations of protozoa and worms for a deeper understanding of the human gut "parasitome"] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005916 Full text]
* 2017 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29163523/ Interleukin-5 Mediates Parasite-Induced Protection against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Association with Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5671975/pdf/fimmu-08-01453.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Nov [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/56036/ Exploring low molecular weight molecules produced by hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum) and their use as anti-inflammatory agents] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/56036/1/JCU_56036-shepherd-2017-thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis)
* 2017 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28546083 Mechanisms of tolerance and potential therapeutic interventions in Alopecia Areata] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725817301274 Full text] (See section 4: Gut microbiota and helminths, autoimmunity and tolerance.)
* 2017 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29108604 Global issues in allergy and immunology: Parasitic infections and allergy]
* 2017 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29068485 Is the hygiene hypothesis relevant for the risk of multiple sclerosis?]
* 2017 Oct 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141759 Cell Type-Specific Immunomodulation Induced by Helminthes: Effect on Metainflammation, Insulin Resistance and Type-2 Diabetes] (Metabolic syndrome)
* 2017 Oct 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29109850 Liver cystic echinococcosis and human host immune and autoimmune follow-up: A review] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666304/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666304/pdf/WJH-9-1176.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Oct 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29073139 Composition of the Schistosoma mansoni worm secretome: Identification of immune modulatory Cyclophilin A] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006012 Full text]
* 2017 Oct 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29064448/ Production and Use of Hymenolepis diminuta Cysticercoids as Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/6/10/98/htm Full text] (HDC)
* 2017 Oct 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29045903 HpARI Protein Secreted by a Helminth Parasite Suppresses Interleukin-33] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5655542/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5655542/pdf/main.pdf PDF] (Allergy, asthma)
* 2017 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29034905 The hygiene hypothesis in autoimmunity: the role of pathogens and commensals]
* 2017 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29036211 Orally administered Taenia solium Calreticulin prevents experimental intestinal inflammation and is associated with a type 2 immune response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643116/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643116/pdf/pone.0186510.pdf PDF] (Colitis)
* 2017 Oct 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29035384/ Effect of anthelmintic treatment on leptin, adiponectin and leptin to adiponectin ratio: a randomized-controlled trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5678209/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5678209/pdf/nutd201737a.pdf PDF] (diabete)
*2017 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29027962 Novel Therapeutics for Multiple Sclerosis Designed by Parasitic Worms] -- [https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/10/2141/htm Full text]
* 2017 Oct 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29114386 Suppression of inflammation and tissue damage by a hookworm recombinant protein in experimental colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5671989/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5671989/pdf/cti201742a.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2017 Oct 6 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/7283 The immunomodulatory capacity of helminths on inflammation: Impact of eosinophils on E. coli-induced sepsis and genome-wide transcriptome profiling of human monocytes stimulated with helminth extract and LPS implicate immune functions and diseases] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2017 Oct 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28975357 The Effects of Intestinal Nematode L4 Stage on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2017 Oct 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28969688/ Praziquantel treatment after Schistosoma japonicum infection maintains hepatic insulin sensitivity and improves glucose metabolism in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5625765/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5625765/pdf/13071_2017_Article_2400.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29064315 Safety and efficacy of helminth treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of the HINT 2 clinical trial] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1352458517736377 PDF] This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28550987/ Molecular diagnostics and lack of clinical allergy in helminth-endemic areas in Indonesia]
* 2017 Oct [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/governing-medical-knowledge-commons/chronic-disease-new-thinking-and-outlaw-innovation-patients-on-the-edge-in-the-knowledge-commons/8105C66FEBA55446E15538FD4B164005/core-reader# Chronic Disease, New Thinking, and Outlaw Innovation: Patients on the Edge in the Knowledge Commons] (Chapter 14 of the book, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/governing-medical-knowledge-commons/C4CAF56DF197BA93E850E65509EB36E8 Governing Medical Knowledge Commons], Cambridge University Press.)
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28779539 Effect of ES products from Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) on experimentally induced colitis in adult zebrafish]
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28694301/ Helminth antigens counteract a rapid high-fat diet-induced decrease in adipose tissue eosinophils] -- [https://jme.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/jme/59/3/JME-17-0112.xml Full text]
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28970236 Cardioprotective manifestations of chronic helminth infections: new aspects of an old disease]
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196762/ Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485385/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485385/pdf/emss-79828.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28815724/ Secreted products of Fasciola hepatica inhibit the induction of T cell responses that mediate allergy]
* 2017 Fall [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28948806 Toxocara spp. seronegativity in Czech patients with early form of multiple sclerosis - clinically isolated syndrome]
* 2017 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28960280 Functional specialization of intestinal dendritic cell subsets during Th2 helminth infection in mice]
* 2017 Sep 25 - [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28945752/ Impact of Enterobius vermicularis infection and mebendazole treatment on intestinal microbiota and host immune response] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5629029/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5629029/pdf/pntd.0005963.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 19 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/52966 Epidemiological transition in Indonesia : impact of helminths and urbanization on the development of Type 2 diabetes] (thesis)
* 2017 Sep 19 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/57928 Tracking helminths : from molecular diagnostics to mechanisms behind immune polarization] (Thesis)
* 2017 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28959207/ Exosomes Derived from Dendritic Cells Treated with Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis]
* 2017 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28869965/ The neuropeptide neuromedin U stimulates innate lymphoid cells and type 2 inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6066372/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6066372/pdf/nihms896443.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28869974/ Neuronal regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells via neuromedin U] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5714273/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5714273/pdf/emss-73331.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28892562 Triggering immunological memory against the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta to protect against colitis] (HDC)
* 2017 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28892494 Infections by human gastrointestinal helminths are associated with changes in faecal microbiota diversity and composition] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5593201/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5593201/pdf/pone.0184719.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28970717 Helminths as an alternative therapy for intestinal diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5597493/ Full text] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5597493/pdf/WJG-23-6009.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28472383/ Effect of Anthelmintic Treatment on Insulin Resistance: A Cluster-Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Indonesia] -- [https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/65/5/764/3791906?login=false Full text] (Diabetes)
* 2017 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28861721/ Influence of Parasitic Worm Infections on Allergy Diagnosis in Sub-Saharan Africa]
* 2017 Sep-Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27424065 Intestinal parasites infection: protective effect in rheumatoid arthritis?] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255502116300426 Full text] | [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255502116300426/pdfft?md5=4749d7bd9eac36329b3f1e5412ef2a28&pid=1-s2.0-S2255502116300426-main.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28689246 Parasites and asthma]
* 2017 Sep [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/ Human herpes virus antibody levels in helminth treated and placebo controlled multiple sclerosis patients] | [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48881/1/MRES%20thesis%20P%20A%20C%20Maple%2030.12.2017.pdf] (thesis)
* 2017 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28583216/ The role of rare innate immune cells in Type 2 immune activation against parasitic helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5962964/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5962964/pdf/nihms967402.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27667321/ Therapeutic potential of the immunomodulatory proteins Wuchereria bancrofti L2 and Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript 2 against streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in mice] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-helminthology/article/abs/therapeutic-potential-of-the-immunomodulatory-proteins-wuchereria-bancrofti-l2-and-brugia-malayi-abundant-larval-transcript-2-against-streptozotocininduced-type-1-diabetes-in-mice/92D048CA5FC133D121A8274777B09EB6 Full text]
* 2017 Aug 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28883695 Schistosoma japonicum attenuates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice via reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569284/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569284/pdf/WJG-23-5700.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28912887/ rSj16 Protects against DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting the PPAR-α Signaling Pathway]
* 2017 Aug 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28779539 Effect of ES-products from Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) on experimentally induced colitis in adult zebrafish]
* 2017 Aug 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28771620 A benign helminth alters the host immune system and the gut microbiota in a rat model system] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5542714/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5542714/pdf/pone.0182205.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2017 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28877578 Syphacia obvelata: A New Hope to Induction of Intestinal Immunological Tolerance in C57BL/6 Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5594727/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5594727/pdf/kjp-55-4-439.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28224678/ Microbiome, autoimmunity, allergy, and helminth infection: The importance of the pregnancy period]
* 2017 Jul 24 [https://trjfas.org/uploads/pdf_1183.pdf Role of Parasitic Helminths in Bioremediating Some Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Tissues of Lethrinus mahsena]
* ⚡ 2017 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335 Not infection with parasitic worms, but rather colonization with therapeutic helminths] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/1/10/Not_infection_with_parasitic_worms_but_rather_colonization_with_therapeutic_helminths.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jul 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28710478/ Recombinant Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein suppresses toll-like receptor stimulation in response to multiple bacterial ligands] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5511235/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5511235/pdf/41598_2017_Article_5735.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jul 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28703913 A. suum infection modulates inflammation: implication of CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+ T cells and IL-10]
* 2017 Jul 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28740485/ Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine Maintains Normal Gut Microbiota in Collagen Induced Arthritic Mice]
* 2017 Jul 7 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/770065b2-c8fa-4f82-b036-546f012b9d92 Characterisation of secreted exosomes from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2017 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28476343/ Immune responses to fungal aeroallergen in Heligmosomoides polygyrus-infected mice vary by age]
* 2017 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28032359/ Opisthorchis felineus negatively associates with skin test reactivity in Russia-EuroPrevall-International Cooperation study] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.13120 Full text]
* 2017 Jun 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28659212 Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression]
* 2017 Jun 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28664463 Therapeutic potential of helminths in autoimmune diseases: helminth-derived immune-regulators and immune balance]
* 2017 Jun 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28744067 Helminth Products Potently Modulate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Downregulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting a Suppressive Microenvironment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506484/pdf/MI2017-8494572.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2017 Jun 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28676845 Th2/1 Hybrid Cells Occurring in Murine and Human Strongyloidiasis Share Effector Functions of Th1 Cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476698/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476698/pdf/fcimb-07-00261.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jun 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28614408 Schistosoma japonicum infection downregulates house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0179565 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0179565&type=printable PDF] (Asthma)
* 2017 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28638627 Environmental factors influencing multiple sclerosis in Latin America] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472234/pdf/10.1177_2055217317715049.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495875/ Macrophage function in tissue repair and remodeling requires IL-4 or IL-13 with apoptotic cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556699/pdf/nihms892778.pdf PDF] (Science)
* 2017 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28606411/ Can Parasitic Worms Cure the Modern World's Ills?] -- [https://core.ac.uk/reader/82958566 PDF]
* 2017 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28602842 Immune responses and parasitological observations induced during probiotic treatment with medicinal Trichuris suis ova in a healthy volunteer] (TSO).
::Comment by Detlev Goj, owner of Ovamed and developer of TSO: "This was an experiment by the Danish group where neither I or Ovamed was involved. It is not known from where this group has got the eggs from. They don't say that in their publication either. Strangely, this patients has received TTO (trichiuris trichura, the human whipworm, prior to Trichuris suis from the very same group of authors [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12394]. It is under very strong doubt that the worms the authors claim to have found in this patient was Trichuris suis rather than from the previous inoculation he had with TTO. Especially because he was only treated with one dose of Mebendazole. TTO is quite difficult to kill and it takes much more than a quick shot of Mebendazole".
* 2017 Jun 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28492420 Helminthic Therapy: A New Era in Immune-Mediated Diseases] -- [https://journals.lww.com/jclinrheum/Citation/2017/06000/Helminthic_Therapy__A_New_Era_in_Immune_Mediated.19.aspx Full text] (Mixed connective tissue disease/MCTD, Raynaud phenomenon)
* 2017 Jun [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(16)30533-3/abstract Helminths in organ transplantation]
* 2017 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28363777/ Dual genetic absence of STAT6 and IL-10 does not abrogate anti-hyperglycemic effects of Schistosoma mansoni in streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489417301728?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2017 Jun [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000349672423288X Helminthes based novel compound, tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) ameliorates established murine arthritis] (Poster)
* 2017 May 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28526605 Microevolutionary response of a gut nematode to intestinal inflammation]
* 2017 May 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28494800/ Somatic extracts of Marshallagia marshalli downregulate the Th2 associated immune responses in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in BALB/c mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427607/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427607/pdf/13071_2017_Article_2159.pdf PDF] (Asthma)
* 2017 May 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28482922 Therapeutic effect of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on bacterial sepsis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5422996/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5422996/pdf/13071_2017_Article_2162.pdf PDF]
* 2017 May 1 [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/198/Supplement_1/216.13/7970770?login=false Fasciola hepatica Glutathione S-tranferase suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytokines from murine macrophages in vitro and boosts the survival rate of C57Bl/6 mice against lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide]
* 2017 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/198/Supplement_1/66.7/7969939?login=false Down-modulation of colitis-associated colorectal cancer development by treatment with helminth-derived molecules]
* 2017 May [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12432 Parasites and metabolic diseases] -- [https://drive.google.com/file/d/14btJYE85a8cAx6kPV3STRM6F0bDm4RmJ/view Full text]
* 2017 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27716947/ Parasites, microbiota and metabolic disease]
* 2017 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28235148/ Parasites, nutrition, immune responses and biology of metabolic tissues] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5863236/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5863236/pdf/nihms855585.pdf PDF]
* 2017 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28073393/ Study on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathways of small cell lung cancer H446 cells induced by Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae ESPs] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/study-on-the-mitochondrial-apoptosis-pathways-of-small-cell-lung-cancer-h446-cells-induced-by-trichinella-spiralis-muscle-larvae-esps/37ABADB1E0C29A19D08F52495EC2C0BE Full text]
* 2017 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28320601/ Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: a cross-sectional cohort study] (Comments : 2017 Apr 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28463127/ From arterial ageing to cardiovascular disease], 2017 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361976/ Coronary artery disease: Urbanization is a risk factor for CAD], [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31941-4/fulltext Diet, atherosclerosis, and helmintic infection in Tsimane] in reply to[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29115238/] and [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29115239/])
* 2017 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28476343 Immune responses to fungal aeroallergen in Heligmosomoides polygyrus infected-mice vary by age]
* 2017 Apr 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28484453 Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease] -- [https://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00453/full Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5401880/pdf/fimmu-08-00453.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Apr 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28450853 Micromanagement of Immune System: Role of miRNAs in Helminthic Infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5390025/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5390025/pdf/fmicb-08-00586.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Apr 11 [https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/urs/2017/poster-session-A/10/ Helminth Parasites Protect from Intestinal Damage in Mice Model of IBD] (Undergraduate)
* 2017 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28390393 Regulatory monocytes in helminth infections: insights from the modulation during human hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385058/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385058/pdf/12879_2017_Article_2366.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Apr 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28385494 Schistosome-induced pulmonary B cells inhibit allergic airway inflammation and display a reduced Th2-driving function]
* 2017 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28204053 Whipping Crohn's With Helminth Therapies? Not Yet]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28201853/ Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and peanut: a role for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) and implications for the hygiene hypothesis]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28429567/ The Tsimane Health and Life History Project: Integrating anthropology and biomedicine]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28031319 Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5349792/ Full text]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30157342/ Relation between schistosome past infection and metabolic syndrome] -- [https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78014.html Full text]
* 2017 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27488471/ Diminished IL-17A levels may protect filarial-infected individuals from development of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0961203316662722 Full text]
* 2017 Mar 31 [https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7498 Efeito imunomodulador de diferentes extratos de Angiostrongylus cantonensis no desenvolvimento de resposta pulmonar alérgica em um modelo murino] (Post-graduate, Portuguese)
* 2017 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28342137 Skewed Exposure to Environmental Antigens Complements Hygiene Hypothesis in Explaining the Rise of Allergy] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10441-017-9306-7 Full text] | [https://download.springer.com/static/pdf/689/art%253A10.1007%252Fs10441-017-9306-7.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10441-017-9306-7&token2=exp=1490739158~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F689%2Fart%25253A10.1007%25252Fs10441-017-9306-7.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.1007%252Fs10441-017-9306-7*~hmac=9a64ec6d20433c8458c2148266ee7c346fa819eaa97422b8a79fccc79d005885 PDF]
* 2017 Mar 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28342825 Association between parasitic infections and tuberculin skin test results in refugees] (Tuberculosis)
* 2017 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28340138 A life without worms] -- [https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trx010 Full text]
* 2017 Mar 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28302598 Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract as modulators of immunity and pathology] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5495915/ Full text]
* 2017 Mar 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28295446 A recombinant cystatin from Ascaris lumbricoides attenuates inflammation of DSS-induced colitis]
* 2017 Mar 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28284979 Effect of polymorphisms on TGFB1 on allergic asthma and helminth infection in an African admixed population]
* 2017 Mar 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28271497 Chronic schistosomiasis during pregnancy epigenetically reprograms T cell differentiation in offspring of infected mothers] (Allergy)
* 2017 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27677654/ Inhibition of cytokine response to TLR stimulation and alleviation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5323857/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5323857/pdf/JCMM-21-475.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28030334 Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model] (TSO)
* 2017 Mar [https://comum.rcaap.pt/entities/publication/8696f98c-69b1-46d8-ba76-fc0d0ec4d707 Uso terapêutico dos Helmintas] (Master thesis, Portuguese)
* 2017 Mar [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09z9m25n Human Resistin Regulates Immunity to Helminths and Sepsis] (thesis)
* 2017 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28149012/ Filarial Abundant Larval Transcript Protein ALT-2: An Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Agent for Type 1 Diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5247370/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5247370/pdf/12291_2016_Article_572.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28235148 Parasites, nutrition, immune responses, and biology of metabolic tissues]
* 2017 Feb 23 [[media:Parasites, ghosts and mutualists- a relational geography of microbes for global health.pdf | Parasites, ghosts and mutualists - a relational geography of microbes for global health]] (PDF) -- Jamie Lorimer, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Royal Geographical Society.
* 2017 Feb 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28265273 New Data on Human Macrophages Polarization by Hymenolepis diminuta Tapeworm - An In Vitro Study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5316519/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5316519/pdf/fimmu-08-00148.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2017 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28201853 Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and peanut: a role for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) and implications for the hygiene hypothesis] (Allergy)
* 2017 Feb 15 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=wzCRDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA109&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q&f=false Atherosclerosis and Helminths Infection] book chapter of "Human Helminthiasis"
* 2017 Feb 13 [https://hdl.handle.net/1843/34520 Infecção helmíntica exerce efeito benéfico no desenvolvimento da obesidade experimental e suas consequências metabólicas] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2017 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28192437 Species dependent impact of helminth-derived antigens on human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Direct effect on the innate anti-mycobacterial response] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005390 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005390&type=printable PDF]
* 2017 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28191818 Changes in protein expression after treatment with Ancylostoma caninum excretory/secretory products in a mouse model of colitis] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep41883 Full text] | [https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep41883 PDF]
* 2017 Feb 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196762 Enteric helminth-induced type-I interferon signalling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota]
* 2017 Feb 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28178298 The impact of prenatal exposure to parasitic infections and to anthelmintic treatment on antibody responses to routine immunisations given in infancy: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005213 Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298230/pdf/pntd.0005213.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27871775/ Recombinant proteins of helminths with immunoregulatory properties and their possible therapeutic use]
* 2017 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27931742/ Schistosoma mansoni antigens alter activation markers and cytokine profile in lymphocytes of patients with asthma]
* 2017 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27771420/ Alterations in serum paraoxonase-1 activity and lipid profile in chronic alcoholic patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X16304636?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2017 Jan 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28128208/ mTORC2 signalling regulates M2 macrophage differentiation in response to helminth infection and adaptive thermogenesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5290163/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5290163/pdf/ncomms14208.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28094319 Helminth-induced Ly6Chi monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep40814 Full text] | [https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep40814 PDF] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2017 Jan 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28094779 Suppression of colitis by adoptive transfer of helminth antigen-treated dendritic cells requires interleukin-4 receptor-α signaling] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep40631 Full text] | [https://readcube.com/view/10.1038/srep40631 PDF]
* 2017 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28069755/ Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Autoimmunity in the Central Nervous System] -- [https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/198/2/596/106297/Influence-of-the-Gut-Microbiome-on-Autoimmunity-in Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2017 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196925/ Cleaning up the hygiene hypothesis]
* 2017 Jan 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28084120/ Inflammatory arthritis and systemic bone loss are attenuated by gastrointestinal helminth parasites]
* 2017 Jan 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27665994 Regulation of type 2 diabetes by helminth-induced Th2 immune response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5240765/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5240765/pdf/jvms-77-1855.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jan 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28073356 Gut microbiota disturbance during helminth infection: can it affect cognition and behaviour of children?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5225537/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5225537/pdf/12879_2016_Article_2146.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28066896 Parasite excretory-secretory products and their effects on metabolic syndrome] -- [https://core.ac.uk/reader/77036281?utm_source=linkout PDF]
* 2017 Jan 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28452686 Helminths and intestinal barrier function] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5362995/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5362995/pdf/ktib-05-01-1283385.pdf PDF]
* 2017 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25919312/ Downregulation of immune responses in asthmatic humans by ES products of Marshallagia marshalli]
* 2017 [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=wzCRDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA109&ots=9bCBowGP7m&sig=NVnWMyg3T-fwHiQXa2ROkWh3Skc#v=onepage&q&f=false Atherosclerosis and Helminths Infection] (Book chapter of Human Helminthiasis)
* 2017 [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/212bf6d0-3b5c-4052-88bd-6009f0480d77/content Using a parasite derived peptide to prevent immune-mediated demyelination] (Conference)
* 2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27412603/ Parasites in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Imminent Threat or Protective Effect?]
* 2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29396923/ Frequency and immunological consequences of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasite co-infections: a brief review] -- [https://annals-parasitology.eu/archive_2001_2022/2017-63-4_255.pdf PDF]
* 2017 [https://www.cntropmed.com/EN/abstract/abstract13248.shtml Advances on the infection of Trichuris suis in the treatment of autoimmune disease] (Chinese)
* 2017 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Can_a_gut_helminth_parasite_influence_Th2_inflammatory_responses_in_the_skin_/17059865?file=31547111 Can a gut helminth parasite influence Th2 inflammatory responses in the skin?] (Master thesis)
* 2017 [https://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/DB=2.1/SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=20439354X Thérapie helminthique : pour ou contre ?] (Pharmacy thesis, French)
* 2017 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-69968-4_6 Parasite Mediated Protection Against Allergy] (Book chapter of "Allergy Prevention and Exacerbation")
* 2017 [https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/QhaliKay/article/view/119 Helmintosis y eventos alérgicos - Helminth infections and allergic events] (Spanish)
* 2017 [https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Can_a_gut_helminth_parasite_influence_Th2_inflammatory_responses_in_the_skin_/17059865?file=31547111 Can a gut helminth parasite influence Th2 inflammatory responses in the skin?] (Master, Malaghan)
* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/02e12501-59a3-43f0-8952-017cc8effe2f Efecto del antígeno secretado/excretado de alto peso molecular por Taenia crassiceps en el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, spanish)
* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/01372652-5285-40f4-9245-47e207694c63 Evaluación de la capacidad de la calreticulina recombinante de taenia solium de reducir la genotoxicidad en un modelo de colitis murino] (Master, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2017 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/0d888727-6a7f-43ab-9869-5cc60a1df61c Determinación de citocinas en ratones inmunizados con la calreticulina de taenia solium en un modelo de colitis]
* 2017 [https://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail?id=PeriodicalPaper_wcbx201706011 Advances in Study on Helminths in Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (Chinese)
* 2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28432858/ Regulatory function of parasites in autoimmune disease – outcome from experimental model infection]

=== 2016 ===

* 2016 Dec 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28009488 Chronic infections with viruses or parasites: breaking bad to make good]
* 2016 Dec 21 [https://www.nature.com/articles/540S103a Q&A: Joel Weinstock] in Nature
* 2016 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27977856 Nematodes and human therapeutic trials for inflammatory disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5580940/ Full text]
* 2016 Dec 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27978433 Exploiting Old Pathogens to Create New Therapeutics]
* 2016 Dec 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929101 Hookworm infection] -- [https://lookaside.fbsbx.com/file/Hookworm.pdf?token=AWzMLBAlpXkIHpPpw3EdbRqiiT4JSi4ZoDqfcymC1Alc7o-QnI_R551leXxADrssmY6JUD-rmWi1TBK-U-oWnp-fb1Ykc7iXN1_ipiK-ZV-rkifcTolyviSZEt9QY13wjPqx_rtLRXrUUawrv52tyE5l PDF]
* 2016 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27925245 Helminths, hygiene hypothesis and type 2 diabetes]
* 2016 Dec [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302781106_The_Hygiene_Hypothesis_and_Immunity_to_Parasitic_Helminths The Hygiene Hypothesis and Immunity to Parasitic Helminths]
* 2016 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28087937/ Myeloid Cell Phenotypes in Susceptibility and Resistance to Helminth Parasite Infections] -- [https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0043-2016 Full text]
* 2016 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30144791/ Effect of Helminthic Infection on the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Mechanisms] (Chinese)
* 2016 Nov 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27883079 A parasite-derived 68-mer peptide ameliorates autoimmune disease in murine models of Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep37789 Full text] | [https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep37789 PDF]
* 2016 Nov 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27872476 New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus] -- [https://sci-hub.wf/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.186 Full text]
* 2016 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27869138/ The helminth product, ES-62 modulates dendritic cell responses by inducing the selective autophagolysosomal degradation of TLR-transducers, as exemplified by PKCδ] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5116678/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5116678/pdf/srep37276.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Nov 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27672083 Treatment with Cestode Parasite Antigens Results in Recruitment of CCR2+ Myeloid Cells, the Adoptive Transfer of Which Ameliorates Colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5116724/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5116724/pdf/zii3471.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2016 Nov 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27956844 Helminth infection during pregnancy: insights from evolutionary ecology]
* 2016 Nov 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27861815 Intestinal helminth infection induces highly functional resident memory CD4+ T cells in mice]
* 2016 Nov 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27862000 Immunomodulation by helminths: similar impact on type 1 and type 2 diabetes?]
* 2016 Nov 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27827438 Changes in duodenal tissue-associated microbiota following hookworm infection and consecutive gluten challenges in humans with coeliac disease] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep36797 Full text] | [https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep36797 PDF]
* 2016 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27905107 Co-operative suppression of inflammatory responses in human dendritic cells by plant proanthocyanidins and products from the parasitic nematode Trichuris suis] (TSO)
* 2016 Nov 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27806992 The whipworm (Trichuris suis) secretes prostaglandin E2 to suppress proinflammatory properties in human dendritic cells] (TSO)
* 2016 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27802332 Anti-Arthritic Activity of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis Derived-Antigens in Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats: Role of FOXP3+ Treg Cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5089557/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5089557/pdf/pone.0165916.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27548652 Aberrant immune response with consequent vascular and connective tissue remodeling - causal to scleroderma and associated syndromes such as Raynaud phenomenon and other fibrosing syndromes?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114306/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114306/pdf/nihms821879.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27983971 Immune-protective effect of echinococcosis on colitis experimental model is dependent of down regulation of TNF-α and NO production]
* 2016 Oct 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27797959/ Hookworm recombinant protein promotes regulatory T cell responses that suppress experimental asthma]
* 2016 Oct 20 [https://repositorio.ufmg.br/items/e7e07370-9a1b-4bfd-b048-f154b6ef3509 Avaliação da associação entre respostas alérgicas e infecção por Schistosoma mansoni em indivíduos com baixa carga parasitária residentes no Distrito Rural de Brejo do Amparo, em Januária MG] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2016 Oct 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27791067 Community deworming alleviates geohelminth-induced immune hyporesponsiveness]
* 2016 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27743501 Mucosal and systemic immune modulation by Trichuris trichiura in a self-infected individual] -- [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/6/6a/Mucosal_and_systemic_immune_modulation_by_Trichuris_trichiura_in_a_self-infected_individual.pdf PDF] (TTO)
* 2016 Oct 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27863931 The Multibiome: The Intestinal Ecosystem's Influence on Immune Homeostasis, Health, and Disease] -- [https://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(16)30462-5/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(16)30462-5/pdf PDF]
* 2016 Oct 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707789 A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Trichuris suis ova in Active Crohn's disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881737/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881737/pdf/jjw184.pdf PDF] This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
* 2016 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27559049/ Downregulation of the Syk Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient To Induce Dendritic Cells That Inhibit Colitis]
* 2016 Oct-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28127363/ Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Excretory/Secretory (ES) and Somatic Products of Marshallagia marshalli on Allergic Airway Inflammation in BALB/c Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5251180/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5251180/pdf/IJPA-11-515.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Oct [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/8007/ Exploiting the helminth-derived immunomodulator, ES-62 and its small molecule analogues to dissect the mechanisms underpinning the development of the pathogenic phenotype of synovial fibroblasts in autoimmune arthritis] -- [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/8007/1/2016CorbetPhD.pdf PDF] (thesis)
* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27698735/ Parasitic infection as a potential therapeutic tool against rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5038179/ Full text] (review)
* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27596058 Do worms protect against the metabolic syndrome? A systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-8227(16)30437-5/fulltext Full text] [https://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-8227(16)30437-5/pdf PDF] (Diabetes)
* 2016 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27393379/ Schistosoma japonicum cystatin attenuates murine collagen-induced arthritis]
* 2016 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27666719 Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in evolutionary perspective: a critical role for helminths?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5101910/ Full text] | [https://emph.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/09/24/emph.eow028.full.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27649248/ Parasitic Nematode Immunomodulatory Strategies: Recent Advances and Perspectives] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5039438/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5039438/pdf/pathogens-05-00058.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27587063 Dendritic cells and parasites: from recognition and activation to immune response instruction]
* 2016 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27436048/ The Microbiota, Immunoregulation, and Mental Health: Implications for Public Health] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5763918/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5763918/pdf/nihms-804488.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579126/ Acute Strongyloides venezuelensis infection did not prevent EAE development: implications for hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.msptm.org/files/Vol33No3/526-534-Sartori-A.pdf PDF] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2016 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27573628 Human Helminths and Allergic Disease: The Hygiene Hypothesis and Beyond]
* 2016 Aug 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27575495 Helminth Regulation of Immunity: A Three-pronged Approach to Treat Colitis] -- [https://tanawisa.com/publications/Helminth_Regulation_of_Immunity.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2016 Aug 25 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/6879 Identification of protective immune responses and the immunomodulatory capacity of Litomosoides sigmodontis] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2016 Aug 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27560829 The Helminth-Derived Immunomodulator AvCystatin Reduces Virus Enhanced Inflammation by Induction of Regulatory IL-10+ T Cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999285/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999285/pdf/pone.0161885.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Aug 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27648452/ Role of Macrophages in the Repair Process during the Tissue Migrating and Resident Helminth Infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014929/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014929/pdf/BMRI2016-8634603.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27559049 Downregulation of the Syk Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient To Induce Dendritic Cells That Inhibit Colitis]
* 2016 Aug 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27635405/ Schistosome-Derived Molecules as Modulating Actors of the Immune System and Promising Candidates to Treat Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5011209/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5011209/pdf/JIR2016-5267485.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27544668 Filarial Infection or Antigen Administration Improves Glucose Tolerance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice]
* 2016 Aug 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27578571/ Effect of Trichinella spiralis and its worm-derived proteins on CLP-induced sepsis in mice] (Chinese)
* 2016 Aug 12 [https://www.dovepress.com/experimental-human-hookworm-infection-therapeutic-potential-peer-reviewed-article-RIP Experimental human hookworm infection: therapeutic potential] -- [https://www.dovepress.com/experimental-human-hookworm-infection-therapeutic-potential-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RIP?utm_content=bufferc5704&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer Full text] | [https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=31876 PDF]
* 2016 Aug 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27489164/ Soluble egg antigens of Schistosoma japonicum induce senescence in activated hepatic stellate cells by activation of the STAT3/p53/p21 pathway]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27312706/ Recombinant Trichinella spiralis 53-kDa protein activates M2 macrophages and attenuates the LPS-induced damage of endotoxemia] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1753425916651984 Full text]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27563682 3 Effects of Invariant NKT Cells on Parasite Infections and Hygiene Hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4987483/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4987483/pdf/JIR2016-2395645.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27116368 Macrobiota - helminths as active participants and partners of the microbiota in host intestinal homeostasis]
* 2016 Jul 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27468691/ Egg antigen p40 of Schistosoma japonicum promotes senescence in activated hepatic stellate cells by activation of the STAT3/p53/p21 pathway]
* 2016 Jul 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27476889 Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010150/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010150/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jul 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27467385/ Cross-Reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni Antigens and the Latex Allergen Hev b 7: Putative Implication of Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCDs)]
* 2016 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27454771/ Schistosoma mansoni Tegument (Smteg) Induces IL-10 and Modulates Experimental Airway Inflammation]
* 2016 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27215921 Opening (and Swallowing) A Can of Worms to Treat My Crohn's Disease]
* 2016 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27354505/ Time to abandon the hygiene hypothesis: new perspectives on allergic disease, the human microbiome, infectious disease prevention and the role of targeted hygiene] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966430/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966430/pdf/10.1177_1757913916650225.pdf PDF]
* 2026 Jun 28 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/17936 Exploration of helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules as options for therapeutic intervention in allograft rejection and autoimmune disease] -- [https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/17936/Johnston2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2016 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27348757 Molecular events by which dendritic cells promote Th2 immune protection in helminth infection]
* 2016 Jun 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27344656 How the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta affects zinc and cadmium accumulation in a host fed a hyperaccumulating plant (Arabidopsis halleri)] (HDC)
* 2016 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27386040/ Particularities of allergy in the Tropics]
* 2016 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26908751 Maternal Helminth Infection Is Associated With Higher Infant Immunoglobulin A Titers to Antigen in Orally Administered Vaccines]
* 2016 Jun 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27297236 Intimate gut interactions: helminths and the microbiota]
* 2016 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27297184 Host parasite communications-Messages from helminths for the immune system]
* 2016 Jun 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27273006/ Th2 and eosinophil responses suppress inflammatory arthritis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4899615/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4899615/pdf/ncomms11596.pdf PDF] (comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27278123 Experimental arthritis: Helminth infection ameliorates arthritis] (No abstract))
* 2016 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27183598/ Myeloid-Restricted AMPKα1 Promotes Host Immunity and Protects against IL-12/23p40-Dependent Lung Injury during Hookworm Infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4875814/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4875814/pdf/nihms-773006.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27059010/ Testing small molecule analogues of the Acanthocheilonema viteae immunomodulator ES-62 against clinically relevant allergens]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27182771/ IBD LIVE Case Series-Case 4: Worms in IBD: Friend or Foe]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27413282/ Parasites and immunotherapy: with or against?]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27120716/ Regulation of metabolic health and adipose tissue function by group 2 innate lymphoid cells] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eji.201545562 Full text]
* 2016 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27403907 Hygienic hypothesis in immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease] (IBD)
* ✅ ⚡ 2016 May 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27240605 Practices and outcomes of self-treatment with helminths based on physicians' observations] -- [[media:Practices_and_outcomes_of_self-treatment_with_helminths_based_on_physicians_observations.pdf | PDF]]. The first study to probe, through the eyes of their physicians, the practices and experiences of those who are self-treating with helminths.
* 2016 May 25 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_11 Intestinal Parasites and Immunomodulation in Neuroinflammatory Disease] (chapter of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology) (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2016 May 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29469423/ Effect of excretory/secretory protein of Trichinella spiralis adult worm on CLP-induced sepsis in mice]
* 2016 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27234811 Helminths and Intestinal Flora Team Up to Improve Gut Health]
* 2016 May 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27194189 The relationship between helminth infections and low haemoglobin levels in Ethiopian children with blood type A]
* 2016 May 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27160906 Lymphotoxin-Dependent B Cell-FRC Crosstalk Promotes De Novo Follicle Formation and Antibody Production following Intestinal Helminth Infection] -- [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(16)30436-3 Full text] | [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/pdf/S2211-1247(16)30436-3.pdf PDF]
* 2016 May 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27172808 Parasitic helminth infections and the control of human allergic and autoimmune disorders]
* 2016 May 5 [https://actu.epfl.ch/news/intestinal-worms-boost-immune-system-in-a-surprisi/ Intestinal worms boost immune system in a surprising way] -- Nik Papageorgiou, Mediacom
* 2016 May 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27120222/ Interaction Between Helminths and Toll-Like Receptors: Possibilities and Potentials for Asthma Therapy]
* 2016 May 1 [[media:Gut Buddies - Multispecies Studies and the Microbiome.pdf | Gut Buddies - Multispecies Studies and the Microbiome’]] (PDF) -- Jamie Lorimer, Duke University Press
* 2016 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26840774/ Novel T-cell epitopes on Schistosoma japonicum SjP40 protein and their preventive effect on allergic asthma in mice]
* 2016 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27062712/ Cellular gene expression induced by parasite antigens and allergens in neonates from parasite-infected mothers]
* 2016 May [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-29716-3_15 Microbes, Parasites and Immune Diseases] (Book chapter of Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine)
* 2016 May [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924977X15001935 Trichuris suis ova (TSO) as an immune-inflammatory treatment for repetitive behaviors in ASD] (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4)
* 2016 Apr 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27120222 Interaction between Helminths and Toll-Like Receptors: Possibilities and Potentials for Asthma Therapy]
* 2016 Apr 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27116368 Macrobiota - helminths as active participants and partners of the microbiota in host intestinal homeostasis]
* 2016 Apr 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27101372 Diplomatic Assistance: Can Helminth-Modulated Macrophages Act as Treatment for Inflammatory Disease?] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1005480 Full text] | [https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/asset?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1005480.PDF PDF]
* 2016 Apr 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27095802 Treatment with Trichuris suis soluble products during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation reduces inflammatory responses through epigenetic remodeling] (TSO)
* ✅ 2016 Apr 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27080105 Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4905769/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4905769/pdf/nihms790698.pdf PDF](Science) (Also see this explanatory video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQd1RkgJGjM Worm infection counters intestinal inflammation by changing gut microbiome].)
* 2016 Apr 14 [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/parasitic-worms-may-prevent-crohn-s-disease-altering-bacterial-balance Parasitic worms may prevent Crohn’s disease by altering bacterial balance] -- Mitch Leslie, Science. (Also reported by Science Daily. [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160414145513.htm])
* 2016 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27058578 Comprehensive Transcriptome Meta-analysis to Characterize Host Immune Responses in Helminth Infections] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004624 Full text]
* 2016 Apr 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27062712 Cellular gene expression induced by parasite antigens and allergens in neonates from parasite-infected mothers]
* 2016 Apr 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27055194/ IL-22 Restrains Tapeworm-Mediated Protection against Experimental Colitis via Regulation of IL-25 Expression] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4824453/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4824453/pdf/ppat.1005481.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Apr-Juin [https://www.redalyc.org/journal/1805/180544647007/ Imunorregulação induzida por helmintos: uma atualização] -- [https://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-07932016000200007 Full text] (Spanish)
* 2016 Apr [https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(16)30111-4/fulltext Parasitic infections and allergies]
* 2016 Apr [https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0300054 Regulation of mucosal T cell responses by intestinal helminths and retinoic acid metabolism] (Thesis, British Columbia)
* 2016 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26618631/ Novel therapeutic compound tuftsin–phosphorylcholine attenuates collagen-induced arthritis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4778098/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4778098/pdf/CEI-184-019.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27069328/ Immuno-Modulatory Effect and Therapeutic Potential of Brugia malayi Cystatin in Experimentally Induced Arthritis]
* 2016 Apr [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309965511_Antiproliferative_activity_against_tumour_cells_of_biologically_active_substances_isolated_from_livers_of_healthy_and_Trichinella_Spiralis_infected_rats Antiproliferative activity against tumour cells of biologically active substances isolated from livers of healthy and Trichinella Spiralis infected rats]
* 2016 Mar 29 [https://ucrtoday.ucr.edu/36044 To Keep or Not to Keep a Hookworm] -- Iqbal Pittalwala, UCR Today
* 2016 Mar 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971312/ Schistosoma japonicum HSP60-derived peptide SJMHE1 suppresses delayed-type hypersensitivity in a murine model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4789290/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4789290/pdf/13071_2016_Article_1434.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Mar 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26965184 Immune-regulatory mechanisms of classical and experimental multiple sclerosis drugs: a special focus on helminth-derived treatments]
* 2016 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26898311/ Combination of worm antigen and proinsulin prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice after the onset of insulitis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1521661616300213?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2016 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26947981 Microbes and asthma: Opportunities for intervention]
* 2016 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27228627 Are Helminths to be Trusted as Allies in the War against Autoimmunity and Chronic Inflammation?] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/193/96901.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174763 The schistosome glutathione S-transferase P28GST, a unique helminth protein, prevents intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis through a Th2-type response with mucosal eosinophils] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801903/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801903/pdf/mi201562a.pdf PDF]
* 2016 (Mar?) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28008805 Eosinophils in Homeostasis and Their Contrasting Roles during Inflammation and Helminth Infections]
* 2016 Feb 19 [https://docta.ucm.es/entities/publication/9b7b2974-75aa-432f-86f8-fd33cac7c6d3 Hipótesis de la higiene: de la patogenia a la alternativa de salud] (Pharmacist thesis, Complutense de Madrid, Spanish)
* 2016 Feb 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26852392 Malaria, helminths, co-infection and anaemia in a cohort of children from Mutengene, south western Cameroon] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4744422/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4744422/pdf/12936_2016_Article_1111.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Feb [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(15)02620-2/fulltext A Recombinant Cystatin from Ascaris Lumbricoides Has Immunomodulatory Effects] (Conference)
* 2016 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26490658/ The helminth T2 RNase ω1 promotes metabolic homeostasis in an IL-33- and group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent mechanism] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4973506/ Full text]
* 2016 Feb [https://docta.ucm.es/entities/publication/034051cc-afbd-4ea9-916a-22354559fd73 Parásitos e inmunomodulación: Uso terapéutico de helmintos y derivados en enfermedades autoinmunes] (Pharmacist thesis, Complutense Madrid, Spanish)
* 2016 Jan 21 [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10601333.2016.1210159 Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships] | [[media:Policy and regulations in light of the human body as a ‘superorganism’ containing multiple, intertwined symbiotic relationships.pdf | PDF]]
* 2016 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26673140 Helminth Products Protect against Autoimmunity via Innate Type 2 Cytokines IL-5 and IL-33, Which Promote Eosinophilia]
* 2016 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26816384 Transkingdom control of viral infection and immunity in the mammalian intestine] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4751997/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4751997/pdf/nihms757312.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26763929 The parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator, ES-62 and its drug-like small molecule analogues exhibit therapeutic potential in a model of chronic asthma] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725896/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725896/pdf/srep19224.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26752538 The Role of Helminth Infection and Environment in the Development of Allergy: A Prospective Study of Newly-Arrived Ethiopian Immigrants in Israel] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004208 Full text]
* 2016 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26728323 Therapeutic potential of recombinant cystatin from Schistosoma japonicum in TNBS-induced experimental colitis of mice] - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700642/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700642/pdf/13071_2015_Article_1288.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26345715 Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5019230/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5019230/pdf/PIM-38-5.pdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26577605 Mast cells: new therapeutic target in helminth immune modulation] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12295/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12295/epdf PDF]
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26650734 Sweet secrets of a therapeutic worm: mass-spectrometric N-glycomic analysis of Trichuris suis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712359/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712359/pdf/emss-66410.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26594012/ Impacts of neglected tropical disease on incidence and progression of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria: scientific links] -- [https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(15)00266-0/fulltext Full text]
* 2016 Jan [https://dgsa.uaeh.edu.mx:8080/jspui/handle/231104/5239 Seroprevalencia de áscaris lumbricoides en la población con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y un grupo de control del Hospital del Niño DIF, Hidalgo] -- [https://dgsa.uaeh.edu.mx:8080/jspui/bitstream/231104/5239/1/AT20504.pdf PDF] (spanish)
* 2016 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26481486/ Trichinella spiralis infection changes immune response in mice performed abdominal heterotopic cardiac transplantation and prolongs cardiac allograft survival time]
* 2016 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27592717 Enteric Ecosystem Disruption in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can the Microbiota and Macrobiota be Restored?]
* 2016 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27088850 A Helminth Protease Inhibitor Modulates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Phenotype of Microglia in vitro]
* 2016 [https://stax.strath.ac.uk/concern/theses/m900nt49x The effect of small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory helminth product ES-62 on denritic cell responses] -- [https://stax.strath.ac.uk/downloads/cr56n1249?locale=en PDF] (thesis)
* 2016 [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4939-2911-5 The Th2 Type Immune Response in Health and Disease, From Host Defense and Allergy to Metabolic Homeostasis and Beyond] (book)
* 2016 [https://www.autism.org/helminths-as-a-cause-or-a-potential-treatment-for-autism/ Helminths as a Cause or a Potential Treatment for Autism?] (Autism Research Institute)
* 2016 [https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=72084 Helminth infections and autoimmunity]
* 2016 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480900 Role in Allergic Diseases of Immunological Cross-Reactivity between Allergens and Homologues of Parasite Proteins]
* 2016 [https://www.jsczz.cn/EN/Y2016/V34/I6/17 Effect of Helminthic Infection on the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Mechanisms] (Chinese)
* 2016 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/86817d68-d409-448a-a41d-b731f2af69c9 Modulación del desarrollo de la colitis experimental por antígenos excretados/secretados de taenia crassiceps] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2016 [https://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail?id=PeriodicalPaper_zgyszz201609002 Research progress on helminth therapy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease] (Chinese)

=== 2015 ===
* 2015 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26644379 Low-Dose Intestinal Trichuris muris Infection Alters the Lung Immune Microenvironment and Can Suppress Allergic Airway Inflammation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730564/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730564/pdf/zii491.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26571397 Helminth-induced arginase-1 exacerbates lung inflammation and disease severity in tuberculosis]
* 2015 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26207885/ Helminth therapy for organic diseases?]
* 2015 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434489/ Brugia malayi soluble and excretory-secretory proteins attenuate development of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12283 Full text]
* 2015 Nov 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26588776 Worming Their Way into the Picture: Microbiota Help Helminths Modulate Host Immunity]
* 2015 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26477048 Cohabitation in the Intestine: Interactions among Helminth Parasites, Bacterial Microbiota, and Host Immunity]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25836375/ Protective effect of small molecule analogues of the Acanthocheilonema viteae secreted product ES-62 on oxazolone-induced ear inflammation]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26604162 Can Helminth Infection Reverse Microbial Dysbiosis?]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26085597 Drug-like analogues of the parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator ES-62 are therapeutic in the MRL/Lpr model of systemic lupus erythematosus] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4616909/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4616909/pdf/10.1177_0961203315591031.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25728231/ Suppression of OVA-alum induced allergy by Heligmosomoides polygyrus products is MyD88-, TRIF-, regulatory T- and B cell-independent, but is associated with reduced innate lymphoid cell activation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6485390/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6485390/pdf/emss-79798.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25698173 Trichuris suis ova therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis is safe but without signals of beneficial effect] This study used a treatment period of only 12 weeks, which is inadequate when assessing the efficacy of helminths, and it also used a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26586763 Helminth infection, fecundity, and age of first pregnancy in women] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953513/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953513/pdf/nihms961168.pdf PDF] (Also see [[Helminthic therapy and fertility | '''Helminthic therapy and fertility''']].)
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26332354 Adoptive transfer of helminth antigen-pulsed dendritic cells protects against the development of experimental colitis in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eji.201545579 Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eji.201545579 PDF] (HDC)
* 2015 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26669016/ Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript 2 protein treatment attenuates experimentally-induced colitis in mice]
* 2015 Oct 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26522986 The Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Ability of Helminths to Modulate Allergic Inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4658337/ Full text] | [https://www.cell.com/immunity/pdf/S1074-7613(15)00397-0.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Oct 22 [https://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-A59MEC Efeito da infecção aguda por Strongyloides venezuelensis na evolução da colite experimentalmente induzida pela ingestão de Sulfato de Sódio Dextrano em camundongos BALB/c] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2015 Oct 20 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/6554 Filarial infection and filarial antigen administration promotes glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2015 Oct 20 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/6550 Immune modulation by experimental filarial infection and its impact on E. coli-induced sepsis] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2015 Oct 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25326880 Do We Need Worms to Promote Immune Health?]
* 2015 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26324775/ Ten Weeks of Infection with a Tissue-Invasive Helminth Protects against Local Immune Complex-Mediated Inflammation, but Not Cutaneous Type I Hypersensitivity, in Previously Sensitized Mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4651003/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4651003/pdf/nihms-712898.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Oct [https://www.frontiersin.org/10.3389/conf.fimmu.2015.05.00295/event_abstract Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin induces specific IgE but not allergic response] (Conference)
* 2015 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26358507/ Brugia malayi cystatin therapeutically ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice]
* 2015 Sep 23 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/35756 Helminth infections, socio-economic status and allergies in Indonesia] (Thesis)
* 2015 Sep 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26381211 Experimental hookworm infection and escalating gluten challenges are associated with increased microbial richness in celiac subjects] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585380/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585380/pdf/srep13797.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Sep 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26377648 Type 2 immunity-dependent reduction of segmented filamentous bacteria in mice infected with the helminthic parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4574229/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4574229/pdf/40168_2015_Article_103.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Sep 10 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/35155 Immune modulation by schistosomes : mechanisms of T helper 2 polarization and implications for metabolic disorders] (Thesis)
* 2015 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26345715 The interaction of commensal intestinal bacteria with helminth parasites]
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26093162 Effect of different helminth extracts on the development of asthma in mice: The influence of early-life exposure and the role of IL-10 response]
* 2015 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25007240/ Induction of ulcerative colitis in mice influences the course of infection with the nematode Trichuris muris]
* 2015 Aug 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26150661 Interactions between multiple helminths and the gut microbiota in wild rodents] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4528493/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4528493/pdf/rstb20140295.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Aug 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24732404/ Hygiene and other early childhood influences on the subsequent function of the immune system] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899314004818?via%3Dihub Full text] (Old friends)
* 2015 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26270819 Are Human Intestinal Eukaryotes Beneficial or Commensals?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536199/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536199/pdf/ppat.1005039.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Aug 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26248316 Asymptomatic Helminth Infection in Active Tuberculosis Is Associated with Increased Regulatory and Th-2 Responses and a Lower Sputum Smear Positivity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4527760/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4527760/pdf/pntd.0003994.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Aug 5 [https://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2015/08/tapeworms-may-be-good-your-brain Tapeworms may be good for your brain] Hanae Armitage, Science
* 2015 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26672230/ Inhibitory Effect of the Excretory/Scretory Proteins of Trichinella spiralis on Proliferation of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cell line] (Chinese)
* 2015 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26672222/ The Role of Adoptive Transfer of Immune Cells in Helminth- induced Regulation of Allergy and Autoimmune Diseases] (Chinese)
* 2015 Jul 27 [https://open.fau.de/items/17ace29d-8cde-4bb2-99f9-7e21a4a46dd4 Suppression of inflammatory arthritis by Th2 responses and eosinophil activation] (Thesis, Erlangen-Nürnberg)
* 2015 Jul 27 The hygiene hypothesis: current perspectives and future therapies -- [https://www.dovepress.com/the-hygiene-hypothesis-current-perspectives-and-future-therapies-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ITT Full text] has a PDF download link.
* 2015 Jul 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26205402 Trichuris suis induces human non-classical patrolling monocytes via the mannose receptor and PKC: implications for multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513676/pdf/40478_2015_Article_223.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2015 Jul 20 [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150720145207.htm Gut worms protect babies' brains from inflammation] Science Daily
* 2015 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26188364 Enteric nematodes and the path to up-regulation of type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13] (Includes mention of increased cell turnover to maintain an effective gut barrier in the presence of helminths.)
* 2015 Jul 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26162711 Got Worms? Perinatal Exposure to Helminths Prevents Persistent Immune Sensitization and Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Early-Life Infection] -- [https://laurenlwilliamson.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/williamson-et-al-2016-helminths.pdf pdf] (see also [https://sicb.org/the-old-friends-hypothesis-reopening-a-can-of-worms/ The “Old Friends” hypothesis: Reopening a can of worms])
* 2015 Jul 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26148848 Epigenetic Modulation of Microglial Inflammatory Gene Loci in Helminth-Induced Immune Suppression: Implications for Immune Regulation in Neurocysticercosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4552224/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4552224/pdf/10.1177_1759091415592126.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jul 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26150662 Suppression of inflammation by helminths: a role for the gut microbiota?] -- [https://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/370/1675/20140296 Full text] | [https://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/370/1675/20140296.full.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jul 3 [https://evmedreview.com/?p=2767%23_ENREF_4 Progress on reconstituting the depleted biome to prevent immune disorders] Parker and Morey, The Evolution and Medicine Review
* 2015 Jul 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26207885 Helminth therapy for organic diseases?]
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26380461 Of worms and men - administration of helminth products as an innovative approach to treatment of autoimmune diseases]
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26393130 Significance of Diagnosing Parasitic Infestation in Evaluation of Unexplained Eosinophilia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572961/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572961/pdf/jcdr-9-DC22.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=25852044 Chronic helminth infection and helminth-derived egg antigens promote adipose tissue M2 macrophages and improve insulin sensitivity in obese mice] (research highlight [https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2015.68 here])
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25809087 The potential long-term effect of previous schistosome infection reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome among Chinese men]
* 2015 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26145982 The allergy epidemics: 1870-2010] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617537/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617537/pdf/nihms697397.pdf PDF] This historical analysis of the allergy epidemic highlights the role of helminth control as one of the explanations for the trends from 1870 to 2010.
* 2015 Jun 30 [https://docta.ucm.es/entities/publication/708489a3-28c7-474b-8d74-26b34b8cc5e2 Paradigma inmunológico en la fase intestinal de Trichinella spiralis] (Pharmacist thesis, Complutense de Madrid, Spanish)
* 2015 Jun 29 [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/afbe7b0b-ad94-44ae-9b20-87c9f9a5cd11 Structure and function of the VAL family in Brugia malayi and Heligmosomoides polygyrus] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2015 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26139475 Atopy and Asthma in Migrants: The Function of Parasites]
* 2015 Jun 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26119261 Parasitic helminths and their beneficial impact on type 1 and type 2 diabetes]
* 2015 Jun 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26098783 Prevention of Type 1 diabetes through parasite infection]
* 2015 Jun 10 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20153201332 Adoptive transfer of CD8α-DCs from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and their inhibition of OVA-induced allergic asthma] (Chinese)
* 2015 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26061042 Infection with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Is Associated with Increased Insulin Sensitivity] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127746 Full text] | [https://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127746&representation=PDF PDF]
* 2015 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26142923 The gut microbiome in the helminth infected host]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25891136/ The platinum age of parasitology: harnessing the power of the parasite]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25716348/ Oral administration of dextran sodium sulphate induces a caecum-localized colitis in rabbits]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25600983 Clinical trials of helminth therapy in autoimmune diseases: rationale and findings]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25975491 Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with a synthetic analogue of a parasitic worm product prevents experimental arthritis and inhibits IL-1β production via NRF2-mediated counter-regulation of the inflammasome] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459730/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459730/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25763771/ Ligation of TLR7 on CD19(+) CD1d(hi) B cells suppresses allergic lung inflammation via regulatory T cells] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.201445211 Full text]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25819297/ Immuno-evasive tactics by schistosomes identify an effective allergy preventative]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25854639 Identifying the immunomodulatory components of helminths]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25869420 Helminths and the microbiota: parts of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428757/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428757/pdf/nihms684423.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26057788 The structure of hookworm platelet inhibitor (HPI), a CAP superfamily member from Ancylostoma caninum] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461323/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461323/pdf/f-71-00643.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25869527/ Looking beyond the induction of Th2 responses to explain immunomodulation by helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4425638/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4425638/pdf/nihms-684424.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jun [https://eprints.uanl.mx/9708/ Efecto de la administración de huevos de trichuris suis en la reparación del tejido intestinal y producción de citocinas en un modelo murino de colitis] (Master, Nuevo León, Spanish)
* 2015 May 31 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26114122/ Secretory Products of Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Immunomodulation: Implication for Autoimmune Diseases, Allergies, and Malignancies] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4465845/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4465845/pdf/JIR2015-523875.pdf PDF]
* 2015 May 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25996526 Trichuris suis soluble products induce Rab7b expression and limit TLR4 responses in human dendritic cells] (TSO)
* 2015 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989836 Immune responses in children infected with the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis in central Greece]
* 2015 May 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26090422/ Extraintestinal Helminth Infection Limits Pathology and Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression during DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: A Role for Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Prostaglandins]
* 2015 May 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25991556 A worm of one's own: how helminths modulate host adipose tissue function and metabolism] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4567404/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4567404/pdf/nihms684209.pdf PDF]
* 2015 May 14 [https://ce.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=153&sid=1&slc_lang=en Application of helminths in the treatment of intestinal autoimmune diseases]
* 2015 May 11 [https://www.facebook.com/tanawisa/posts/746878402097165 Comments on TSO for Autism from a European Biomedical Center for Autism Research]
* 2015 May 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25403350 Not all parasites are protective] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12160/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12160/epdf PDF]
* 2015 May 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25956237 Approaches to studying and manipulating the enteric microbiome to improve autism symptoms] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425814/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425814/pdf/MEHD-26-26878.pdf PDF]
* 2015 May 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25942385 Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization with the helminth Hymenolepis dimunita] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615828/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615828/pdf/kgmi-06-03-1047128.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2015 May 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25938477 Chronic Trichuris muris Infection in C57BL/6 Mice Causes Significant Changes in Host Microbiota and Metabolome: Effects Reversed by Pathogen Clearance] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418675/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418675/pdf/pone.0125945.pdf PDF]
* 2015 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25864802/ Successful modulation of murine lupus nephritis with tuftsin-phosphorylcholine]
* 2015 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25766778/ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells and immunomodulation after Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen immunization in experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2015 Apr 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25917360/ Helminths improve insulin sensitivity and enhance M2 macrophage numbers in WAT of obese mice]
* 2015 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26155183/ Necrosis and apoptosis in Trichinella spiralis-mediated tumour reduction]
* 2015 Apr 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25941654 Type 1 diabetes pathogenesis - Prevention???] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413393/ Full text]
* ✅⚡2015 Apr 18 [[media:Overcoming_Evolutionary_Mismatch_by_Self-Treatment_with_Helminths.pdf | Overcoming Evolutionary Mismatch by Self-Treatment with Helminths: Current Practices and Experience]] (PDF) This was the first study to probe the methods and outcomes reported by individuals self-treating with helminths.
* 2015 Apr 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26040054 Helminths and autoimmunity: the good, the bad and the ugly] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/142/71371.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25780044/ Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein inhibits TLR4 activation and suppresses the inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4390499/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4390499/pdf/nihms662872.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25879741 Unraveling the Hygiene Hypothesis of helminthes and autoimmunity: origins, pathophysiology, and clinical applications] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396177/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396177/pdf/12916_2015_Article_306.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25869420 Helminths and the microbiota: parts of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Png_Loke/publication/274965905_Helminths_and_the_microbiota_parts_of_the_hygiene_hypothesis/links/55898a6308ae9076016f9ad9.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr 8 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1939-4551-8-S1-A47 Response of human leukocytes after stimulation with excreted-secreted toxocara canis larval antigens] (Conference)
* 2015 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25853852 Increased Biodiversity in the Environment Improves the Humoral Response of Rats] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390306/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390306/pdf/pone.0120255.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Science Daily. [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150408145242.htm])
* 2015 Apr 6 The Hygiene Hypothesis - Redefine, Rename, or Just Clean It Up? -- [https://www.paediatrix.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/The-Hygiene-Hypothesis-Redefine-Rename-or-Just-Clean-It-Up.pdf PDF]
* 2025 Apr 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25867600/ Cultivation of Heligmosomoides polygyrus: an immunomodulatory nematode parasite and its secreted products] -- [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25867600/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4401400/pdf/jove-98-52412.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr-Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30023182/ Parasites-allergy paradox: Disease mediators or therapeutic modulators] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6014186/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6014186/pdf/JMAU-3-53.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25672417/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 inhibits cell invasion by decreasing uPA expression in NSCLC cells]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25683374/ Potential long-term effects of previous schistosome infection may reduce the atherogenic index of plasma in Chinese men]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25665856/ Biome depletion in conjunction with evolutionary mismatches could play a role in the etiology of neurofibromatosis 1]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25559209/ TLR2-dependent amelioration of allergic airway inflammation by parasitic nematode type II MIF in mice]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25546822 The parasitic worm product ES-62 targets myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent effector mechanisms to suppress antinuclear antibody production and proteinuria in MRL/lpr mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409857/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409857/pdf/art0067-1023.pdf PDF] (A worm-derived immunomodulator protects against kidney damage in lupus/SLE)
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25712154/ Exosome-transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy?]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25801883 From the worm to the pill, the parasitic worm product ES-62 raises new horizons in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://lup.sagepub.com/content/24/4-5/400.full Full text] | [https://lup.sagepub.com/content/24/4-5/400.full.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25683374 Potential long-term effects of previous schistosome infection may reduce the atherogenic index of plasma in Chinese men]
* 2015 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26040058/ Taenia solium in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: do parasites protect against autoimmune diseases] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/filesupload/imaj/0/142/71375.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25884706 Human helminth therapy to treat inflammatory disorders - where do we stand?] -- [https://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/16/12 Full text] | [https://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/s12865-015-0074-3.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25806513 Immune Antibodies and Helminth Products Drive CXCR2-Dependent Macrophage-Myofibroblast Crosstalk to Promote Intestinal Repair] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4373753/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4373753/pdf/ppat.1004778.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25888525 Helminth infections and type 2 diabetes: a cluster-randomized placebo controlled SUGARSPIN trial in Nangapanda, Flores, Indonesia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389675/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389675/pdf/12879_2015_Article_873.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25844068/ Crude extract of hydatid laminated layer from Echinococcus granulosus cyst attenuates mucosal intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in Dextran Sulfate Sodium induced colitis in mice]
* 2015 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25616617/ Immunomodulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis-derived excretory-secretory antigens] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-015-8626-4 Full text]
* 2015 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25624401 Epidemiological study of the association between malaria and helminth infections in Nigeria] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350553/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350553/pdf/tropmed-92-578.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25656764/ Does Strongyloides stercoralis infection protect against type 2 diabetes in humans? Evidence from Australian Aboriginal adults]
* 2015 Mar [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41261/ Investigating the immunomodulatory properties of hookworm excretory/secretory (ES) products] -- [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41261/1/41261-ferreira-2015-thesis.pdf PDF] (Thesis) (Colitis)
* 2015 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25666929 The immunomodulatory parasitic worm product ES-62 reduces lupus-associated accelerated atherosclerosis in a mouse model] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4355381/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4355381/pdf/nihms662074.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Spring. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25926937 The relationship between intestinal parasites and some immune-mediated intestinal conditions] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403024/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403024/pdf/GHFBB-8-123.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Feb 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26312872 A role for helminth parasites in achieving immunological tolerance in transplantation]
* 2015 Feb 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25741337/ Down Regulation of the TCR Complex CD3ζ-Chain on CD3+ T Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Helminth-Mediated Immune Modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4332365/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4332365/pdf/fimmu-06-00051.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25589067 A novel regulatory macrophage induced by a helminth molecule protects against mucosal inflammation and mitigates allergic airway inflammation and colitis in mice]
* 2015 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25589067 A novel regulatory macrophage induced by a helminth molecule instructs IL-10 in CD4+ T cells and protects against mucosal inflammation] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/4/1555.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/4/1555.full.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Feb 12 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/31852 Regulatory B cells in allergic asthma and schistosomiasis : controlling inflammation] (Thesis)
* 2015 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25527786 Intestinal helminths regulate lethal acute graft-versus-host disease and preserve the graft-versus-tumor effect in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297687/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297687/pdf/nihms644178.pdf PDF] (Helminths improve the outcome of bone marrow transplantation in mice)
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25547076 Helminthes and insects: maladies or therapies]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25248819 Experimental hookworm infection and gluten microchallenge promote tolerance in celiac disease] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(14)01010-0/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(14)01010-0/pdf PDF] (Also reported by EurekAlert [https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/jcu-aws092414.php] and ABC Austrailia. [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-25/hookworms-coeliac-disease-research/5768732])
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25174866 Worms as therapeutic agents for allergy and asthma: understanding why benefits in animal studies have not translated into clinical success] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749%2814%2900960-9/fulltext Full text] | [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(14)00960-9/pdf PDF]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399816/ AcCystatin, an immunoregulatory molecule from Angiostrongylus cantonensis, ameliorates the asthmatic response in an aluminium hydroxide/ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25459578 Potential Treatments for Food Allergy]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25449677 The mechanisms behind helminth's immunomodulation in autoimmunity]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25466586/ A parasitic helminth-derived peptide that targets the macrophage lysosome is a novel therapeutic option for autoimmune disease] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0171298514002332 Full text]
* 2015 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282399/ The unusual lipid binding proteins of parasitic helminths and their potential roles in parasitism and as therapeutic targets] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0952327814001410 Full text]
* 2015 Jan 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25634608 A model for the induction of autism in the ecosystem of the human body: the anatomy of a modern pandemic?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4310853/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4310853/pdf/MEHD-26-26253.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jan 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25611587 Chronic filarial infection provides protection against bacterial sepsis by functionally reprogramming macrophages] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303312/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303312/pdf/ppat.1004616.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jan 9 [https://immunologyamsterdam.org/portfolio/mechanisms-of-helminth-induced-immune-modulation-new-avenues-in-the-treatment-of-inflammatory-disorders/ Mechanisms of helminth-induced immune modulation: New avenues in the treatment of inflammatory disorders?] -- [https://research.vu.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/42143038/complete%20dissertation.pdf PDF] (Thesis)
* 2015 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25452561 Splenic B cells from Hymenolepis diminuta-infected mice ameliorate colitis independent of T cells and via cooperation with macrophages] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/1/364.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/194/1/364.full.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2015 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25404363/ Helminth infection alters IgE responses to allergens structurally related to parasite proteins] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4272869/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4272869/pdf/nihms638610.pdf PDF]
* 2015 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25437821 Treatment with egg antigens of Schistosoma mansoni ameliorates experimental colitis in mice through a colonic T-cell-dependent mechanism]
* 2015 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25479760/ Phosphorylcholine-tuftsin compound prevents development of dextransulfate-sodium-salt induced murine colitis: implications for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2015 [https://www.zora.uzh.ch/entities/publication/98a485a9-d9f6-457c-a2d5-9180a791b633 Trichuris suis ova in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases] (Dissertation)
* 2015 Jan 26 [https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/8916 A transgenic probiotic bacterium as a carrier for a nematode immunomodulatory protein for the treatment of intestinal inflammation] (Thesis, Berlin)
::According to Detlev Goj (developer and manufacturer of TSO) "The article equates rabbits with humans, which is of course extremely questionable. We have been working almost exclusively with immunosuppressed patients for many years and have not had a single case of exacerbation. Most studies with TSO were conducted with immunosuppressed patients and almost all of our customers were immunosuppressed."
* 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26046559 Multiple sclerosis and environmental factors: the role of vitamin D, parasites, and Epstein-Barr virus infection]
* 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25942385 Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization with the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615828/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615828/pdf/kgmi-06-03-1047128.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2015 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279288756_Syphacia_muris_infection_delays_the_onset_of_hyperglycemia_in_WBNKob-Leprfa_rats_a_new_type_2_diabetes_mellitus_model Syphacia muris infection delays the onset of hyperglycemia in WBN/Kob-Leprfa rats, a new type 2 diabetes mellitus model]
* 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26098783/ Prevention of Type 1 diabetes through parasite infection] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.2217/imt.15.34 Full text]
* 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25553796/ Helminth-induced IgE and protection against allergic disorders]
* 2015 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22936-2_2 Parasites: An Own World of Cross Reactions with Their Hosts] (Book chapter of "Host Manipulations by Parasites and Viruses")
* 2015 [https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S2340-98942015000200001&script=sci_arttext Autoimmune diseases, treatment with Trichuris suis and some other helminths]

=== 2014 ===
* 2014 Dec 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25531674/ CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ cells in cord blood of neonates born from filaria infected mother are negatively associated with CD4+Tbet+ and CD4+RORγt+ T cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4273973/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4273973/pdf/pone.0114630.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Dec 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25522145/ Parasitic nematode-induced CD4+Foxp3+T cells can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4270642/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4270642/pdf/pntd.0003410.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25194862/ The potential long-term effect of previous schistosome infection may reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases] -- [https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(14)01675-1/abstract Full text]
* 2014 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25472634 Helminth Therapy for MS] (multiple sclerosis)
* 2014 Dec 1 [https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article-abstract/20/suppl_1/S107/4582406?redirectedFrom=fulltext Trichuris Infection Induces Local Tgfb1 Driven Regulatory Pathways to Drive Mucosal Healing and Repair] (Conference)
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25138640/ Microorganism-induced suppression of allergic airway disease: novel therapies on the horizon?]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25099746/ CD8α¯ DC is the major DC subset which mediates inhibition of allergic responses by Schistosoma infection]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24957876/ Parasites alter the pathological phenotype of lupus nephritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266101/ Full text]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25107936/ Absence of filarial infection in patients of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in filarial endemic area: a possible protective role] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0961203314546019 Full text] | [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/0961203314546019 PDF]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24975567 Reduced asthma morbidity in endemic areas for helminth infections: a longitudinal ecological study in Brazil]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25441298 In utero priming by worms protects against respiratory allergies]
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25554978 The emerging role of helminths in treatment of the inflammatory bowel disorders] -- [https://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/12_14/pdf/741_12_14_article.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2014 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25042744 Maternal immune response to helminth infection during pregnancy determines offspring susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation]
* 2014 Winter [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25436093 Potential treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a review of helminths therapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017549/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017549/pdf/GHFBB-7-009.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2014 Nov 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25409540/ Echinococcus granulosus infection reduces airway inflammation of mice likely through enhancing IL-10 and down-regulation of IL-5 and IL-17A]
* 2014 Nov 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25410903/ Effects of helminth co-infections on atopy, asthma and cytokine production in children living in a poor urban area in Latin America] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4289379/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4289379/pdf/13104_2014_Article_3423.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Nov 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25398130/ S. mansoni bolsters anti-viral immunity in the murine respiratory tract] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/25398130/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4232382/pdf/pone.0112469.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Nov 11 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/29659 Innate, adaptive and regulatory immune responses in human schistosomiasis in Gabon] (Thesis)
* 2014 Nov 11 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/29660 Helminth infections and allergies in Ghana] (Thesis)
* 2014 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25375117 Coincident helminth infection modulates systemic inflammation and immune activation in active pulmonary tuberculosis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222842/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222842/pdf/pntd.0003289.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24795483 Impact of experimental hookworm infection on the human gut microbiota] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195438/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195438/pdf/jiu256.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Nov-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25626657/ Association between allergic responses and Schistosoma mansoni infection in residents in a low-endemic setting in Brazil]
* 2014 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25069662?dopt=Abstract Therapeutic potential of larval excretory/secretory proteins of the pig whipworm Trichuris suis in allergic disease] (TSO)
* 2014 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24981042 Helminth therapy or elimination: epidemiological, immunological, and clinical considerations]
* 2014 Oct 27 [https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01207891v1 Efficacité thérapeutique du composé phosphorylcholine-tuftsin dans un modèle murin de lupus] -- [https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01207891v1/file/2014NICEM105.pdf PDF] (Thesis, in french)
* 2014 Oct 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25368615 Priming dendritic cells for th2 polarization: lessons learned from helminths and implications for metabolic disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202775/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202775/pdf/fimmu-05-00499.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24782451 Suppression of basophil histamine release and other IgE-dependent responses in childhood Schistosoma mansoni/hookworm coinfection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176447/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176447/pdf/jiu234.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Oct 15 [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(14)00465-2/abstract Effects of soluble helminth components on human monocytes and macrophages in neuroinflammation] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2014 Oct 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25313594/ Worm proteins of Schistosoma mansoni reduce the severity of experimental chronic colitis in mice by suppressing colonic proinflammatory immune responses] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4196959/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4196959/pdf/pone.0110002.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25240019 Helminth infections decrease host susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4244645/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4244645/pdf/nihms616872.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25438450/ Treating Inflammatory Bowel disease: from Helminths to ova] -- [https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/95/47594.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2014 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25269941/ Parasites, probiotics, and piglets: a novel approach to IBD]
* 2014 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25008860/ The helminth Trichuris suis suppresses TLR4-induced inflammatory responses in human macrophages] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/gene201438 Full txt]
* 2014 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25281198 Allergy and worms: let's bring back old friends?]
* 2014 Sep 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25210876/ Co-infection of long-term carriers of Plasmodium falciparum with Schistosoma haematobium enhances protection from febrile malaria: a prospective cohort study in Mali]
* 2014 Sep 8 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pim.12102 Helminths in the lungs]
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24901211 The microbiota and helminths: sharing the same niche in the human host]
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25201407 Mucosal immune responses following intestinal nematode infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312905/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312905/pdf/pim0036-0439.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24891519 Kv1.3 channel-blocking immunomodulatory peptides from parasitic worms: implications for autoimmune diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139903/ Full text] | [https://www.fasebj.org/content/28/9/3952.full.pdf PDF]
:{{Quote|indent}}Kv1.3-selective blockers also ameliorate disease in rodent models of DTH, MS, RA, type-1 diabetes mellitus, contact dermatitis, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, psoriasis, chronic asthma, and inflammatory bone resorption due to periodontitis{{Quote|/indent}}
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24496315 Blockade of IL-33 release and suppression of type 2 innate lymphoid cell responses by helminth secreted products in airway allergy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016792/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016792/pdf/mi2013123a.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24951170/ Immunomodulation of liver injury by Ascaris suum extract in an experimental model of autoimmune hepatitis]
* 2014 Aug 28 Parasitic infection and immunomodulation: A possible explanation for the hygiene hypothesis in autoimmune and allergic disease -- [https://www.slideshare.net/Apollo_Hospitals/final-8-38449965 Full text]
* 2014 Aug 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25161287 The "hygiene hypothesis" for allergic disease is a misnomer] (No abstract)
* 2014 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25210492 Extraintestinal helminth infection reduces the development of colitis-associated tumorigenesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159685/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159685/pdf/ijbsv10p0948.pdf PDF] (IBD) (Cancer)
* 2014 Aug 9 [https://commons.pacificu.edu/work/sc/291b2752-aaee-4f36-97ad-f45a6d0969a8 The Efficacy and Safety of Trichuris suis Helminth Therapy in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease] (Capstone)
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24929132/ Small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory parasitic helminth product ES-62 have anti-allergy properties]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25171741 Maternal hookworm modifies risk factors for childhood eczema: results from a birth cohort in Uganda] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312885/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312885/pdf/pai0025-0481.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Aug [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265020201_Anti-autoimmune_effect_of_the_parasites_the_microbial_immunomodulation Anti-autoimmune effect of the parasites: the microbial immunomodulation]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24471654 Pregnancy and helminth infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260141/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260141/pdf/pim0036-0328.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25033775 (Self-) infections with parasites: re-interpretations for the present] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263892316_Self-_infections_with_parasites_Re-interpretations_for_the_present Full text]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24603369/ Of worms, mice and man: an overview of experimental and clinical helminth-based therapy for inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2014 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25124899/ Recombinant Trichinella spiralis-53000 protein alleviates liver damage due to lipopolysaccharides via M2 macrophage activation] (Chinese)
* 2014 Jul 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25082704/ Virus-helminth co-infection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immuno-modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4548887/ Full text] (Science)
* 2014 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25133189/ Harnessing the helminth secretome for therapeutic immunomodulators] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123613/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123613/pdf/BMRI2014-964350.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24992724 Helminth infections, type-2 immune response, and metabolic syndrome] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081794/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081794/pdf/ppat.1004140.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul-Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24266364/ Role of pathogens in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4369909/ Full text]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24666108 Lessons from helminth infections: ES-62 highlights new interventional approaches in rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089150/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089150/pdf/cei0177-0013.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24641664/ Schistosome infection is negatively associated with mite atopy, but not wheeze and asthma in Ghanaian schoolchildren]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24736234 Systemic impact of intestinal helminth infections] -- [https://www.nature.com/mi/journal/v7/n4/pdf/mi201423a.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24749722 Helminths in the hygiene hypothesis: sooner or later?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089153/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089153/pdf/cei0177-0038.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24401109 Microbial 'old friends', immunoregulation and socioeconomic status] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089149/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089149/pdf/cei0177-0001.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24704440 Secretory products of helminth parasites as immunomodulators]
* 2014 Jun 10 [https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/62510 Využití helmintů v terapii autoimunitních onemocnění] / Helminths as a therapeutic tool for autoimmune diseases (Czech, Bachelor thesis)
* 2014 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24497523 ES-62 protects against collagen-induced arthritis by resetting interleukin-22 toward resolution of inflammation in the joints] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737104/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737104/pdf/ART-66-1492.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24744099 Helminth/Parasite treatment of multiple sclerosis]
* 2014 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24997041 Microbiota, immunoregulatory old friends and psychiatric disorders]
* 2014 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23402295/ Interactions between Trichinella spiralis infection and induced colitis in mice]
* 2014 May 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24851867 Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031128/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031128/pdf/pntd.0002880.pdf PDF]
* 2014 May 8 [https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=geography_etds The human–hookworm assemblage: contingency and the practice of helminthic therapy] Sophia Ann Strosberg, PhD thesis
* 2014 May 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24788117/ Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4008629/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4008629/pdf/pone.0096454.pdf PDF]
* 2014 May 1 [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/192/Supplement_1/118.22/7992599?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Chronic helminth infection protects mice from type III hypersensitivity (HYP6P.277)]
* 2014 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24763541/ Immunomodulation in human and experimental arthritis: including vitamin D, helminths and heat-shock proteins] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0961203314527369 Full text]
* 2014 May [https://www.proquest.com/openview/110fc1d2cc77310be6a66662dd84e0f6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 Parasitic immune regulation in suppressing the Th2-driven allergic inflammation of refractory asthma] (Master)
* 2014 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24712468 Induction of regulatory cells by helminth parasites: exploitation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases]
* 2014 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24325393 Parasitic worms and allergies in childhood: insights from population studies 2008-2013]
* 2014 Apr 29 [https://www.neurology.org/content/82/10_Supplement/P3.149 Clinical Trial of Helminth-induced Immunomodulatory Therapy (HINT 2) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.149)] (TSO). This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable. NB. The phase 1 (HINT1) trial using TSO at pH 2.4 was successfull: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21372112/ Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/pdf/nihms536054.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24955158/ Immunoregulation effect of crude extract of C. elegans on allergic asthma]
* 2014 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24513446/ Helminth co-infection in Helicobacter pylori infected INS-GAS mice attenuates gastric premalignant lesions of epithelial dysplasia and glandular atrophy and preserves colonization resistance of the stomach to lower bowel microbiota] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4030519/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4030519/pdf/nihms566479.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Mar 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24670210/ Parasite densities modulate susceptibility of mice to cerebral malaria during co-infection with Schistosoma japonicum and Plasmodium berghei] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3986926/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3986926/pdf/1475-2875-13-116.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Mar 17 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2045-7022-4-S2-P61 Induction of Treg and alternatively activated macrophages by the helminth Echinococcus granulosus: implication in the promotion or control of allergic disease?]
* 2014 Mar 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24508803/ Identification of anti-allergic effect of Clonorchis sinensis-derived protein venom allergen-like proteins (CsVAL)]
* 2014 Mar-Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24671112/ ES-62, a therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent evolved by the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae]
* 2014 Mar [https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=43790 Intestinal Helminthic Infection Increases Serum Levels of IL-2 and Decreases Serum TGF-Beta Levels in Nigerian Asthmatic Patients]
* 2014 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24487000/ Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens induce apoptosis and inhibit activation of hepatic stellate cells: a possible molecular mechanism]
* 2014 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24708419/ Protection against collagen-induced arthritis in mice afforded by the parasitic worm product, ES-62, is associated with restoration of the levels of interleukin-10-producing B cells and reduced plasma cell infiltration of the joints]
* 2014 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24441737 Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978129/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978129/pdf/nihms-551116.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2014 Mar [https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=43790 Intestinal Helminthic Infection Increases Serum Levels of IL-2 and Decreases Serum TGF-Beta Levels in Nigerian Asthmatic Patients] -- [https://file.scirp.org/Html/1-1410098_43790.htm Full text] | [https://file.scirp.org/pdf/OJI_2014031415322712.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24592267 Helminth Allergens, Parasite-Specific IgE, and Its Protective Role in Human Immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924148/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924148/pdf/fimmu-05-00061.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24355423 A multimodal Darwinian strategy for alleviating the atherosclerosis pandemic]
* 2014 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24822357/ Effect of Schistosoma japonicum infection on serum lipid status in mice] (Chinese)
* 2014 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24323515/ Coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium: additional evidence of the protective effect of Schistosomiasis on malaria in Senegalese children]
* 2014 Jan 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24471448/ Interplay of infections, autoimmunity, and immunosuppression in systemic lupus erythematosus]
* 2014 Jan 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24025322/ Helminths and Immunological Tolerance] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3940291/ Full txt] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3940291/pdf/tp-97-127.pdf PDF] (transplant)
* 2014 Jan 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24465430/ Role of macrophages in the altered epithelial function during a type 2 immune response induced by enteric nematode infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3900397/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3900397/pdf/pone.0084763.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jan 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24466007 Secreted proteins from the helminth Fasciola hepatica inhibit the initiation of autoreactive T cell responses and prevent diabetes in the NOD mouse] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897667/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897667/pdf/pone.0086289.pdf PDF]
* 2014 Jan 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24442917 Helminth therapy (worms) for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009400.pub2/full Full text] | [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009400.pub2/epdf/full PDF] (IBD)
* 2014 Jan 4 [https://sajeb.org/index.php/sajeb/article/view/148 Protective role of parasites against the autoimmune diseases: a benefit of being host]
* 2014 Jan 1 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7091-1782-8_16 Can the Study of Helminths Be Fruitful for Human Diseases?] (book chapter from Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health)
* 2014 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25654942/ Of poops and parasites: unethical FDA overregulation] | [[media:Of Poops and Parasites.pdf | PDF]]
* 2014 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268223916_Immune_responses_induced_by_parasitic_worms Immune responses induced by parasitic worms] (Book chapter of Microbial Pathogenesis: Infection and Immunity)
* 2014 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24043262 Reprogramming macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by helminth antigens reduces murine atherosclerosis] -- [https://www.fasebj.org/content/28/1/288.long Full text] | [https://www.fasebj.org/content/28/1/288.full.pdf PDF]
* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25015286/ Regulatory B cells, helminths, and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-1161-5_18 Full text] (Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology)
* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26594650/ The parasitic worm product ES-62 up-regulates IL-22 production by γδ T cells in the murine model of Collagen-Induced Arthritis]
* 2014 [https://www.benthamdirect.com/content/books/9781608059850 Immunity to Helminths and Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Immune Response to Parasitic Infections, Volume 2] (Book) (see [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=RKZeDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=related:cCuDkmQonfEJ:scholar.google.com/&ots=bp66xAWqKl&sig=XftBm5NqhpOXSyjn-WaiEuBWAR4#v=onepage&q&f=false Google book])
* 2014 [https://www.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6855 Immunomodulation by Parasitic Helminths and its Therapeutic Exploitation] (Book chapter of Immunity to Helminths and Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Immune Response to Parasitic Infections)
* 2014 [https://www.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6856 Parasites-Based Immunotherapy to Treat Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases] (Book chapter of Immunity to Helminths and Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Immune Response to Parasitic Infections)
* 2014 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20143190502 Helminthic therapy in Crohn's disease: a review]
* 2014 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25531355/ Trichuris suis ova, lecithin and other fancy molecules]
* 2014 [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/html/tr/AD1012825/ The Use of Filariae as a Therapeutic Agent for Hypersensitivity Diseases] (Thesis, USU Bethesda)
* 2014 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/57dc729c-ff0f-4148-be6d-cdfc09753d41 Estudio de la permeabilidad de la barrera hematoencefálica en un modelo murino de infección con taenia crassiceps] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)

=== 2013 ===
* 2013 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228757/ Designing anti-inflammatory drugs from parasitic worms: a synthetic small molecule analogue of the Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 prevents development of collagen-induced arthritis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/24228757/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4125414/pdf/jm401251p.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Dec 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24351232 Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) in multiple sclerosis patients with Trichuris suis ova therapy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866952/pdf/parasite-20-55.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2013 Dec 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24249111/ IL-9-mediated survival of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes damage control in helminth-induced lung inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3865473/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3865473/pdf/JEM_20130071.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Nov 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24246995/ Trichuris suis ova in inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2013 Dec 12 [https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2013/12/12/596603/10061345/en/Coronado-Biosciences-Announces-Presentation-of-Interim-Data-From-Autism-Study-at-Neuropsychopharmacology-Meeting.html Presentation of Interim Data From Autism Study at Neuropsychopharmacology Meeting]
* 2013 Nov 27 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20133399036 The inhibitory effect of dendritic cell subsets from mice immunized with the soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum on asthma and levels of CCL-11 and IL-13Ra2 expression] (Chinese)
* 2013 Nov 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24154724 Regulation of the immune system by biodiversity from the natural environment: an ecosystem service essential to health] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831972/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831972/pdf/pnas.201313731.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23929557 Helminths and their implication in sepsis - a new branch of their immunomodulatory behaviour?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285315/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285315/pdf/fim0069-0127.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23907435/ Helminth-excreted/secreted products are recognized by multiple receptors on DCs to block the TLR response and bias Th2 polarization in a cRAF dependent pathway] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3804751/ Full text]
* 2013 Nov [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12467-013-0151-2 Protective effect of chronic helminth infection against diet-induced obesity]
* 2013 Oct 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24167594/ Colitis promotes adaptation of an intestinal nematode: a Heligmosomoides polygyrus mouse model system] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3805612/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3805612/pdf/pone.0078034.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Oct 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24205223/ Antagonism of CD11b with neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF) inhibits vascular lesions in diabetic retinopathy]
* 2013 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24101918/ Helminth defence molecules-immunomodulators designed by parasites!] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3787197/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3787197/pdf/fmicb-04-00296.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23975865 Parasite infections in multiple sclerosis modulate immune responses through a retinoic acid-dependent pathway] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/7/3827.full.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23325330 The hygiene theory harnessing helminths and their ova to treat autoimmunity]
* 2013 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23968688 Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection reduces severity of type 1 diabetes induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin in mice via STAT6- and IL-10-independent mechanisms]
* 2013 Sep 26 [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1161033 Immunosuppressive and transgenerational effects on the development of allergic airway inflammation during Schistosoma mansoni infection] (Thesis, Munich)
* 2013 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24034228/ Pre-existing Schistosoma japonicum infection alters the immune response to Plasmodium berghei infection in C57BL/6 mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3848616/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3848616/pdf/1475-2875-12-322.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23499484/ Trichinella spiralis infection reduces tumor growth and metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma cells]
* 2013 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23763976/ Peanut-specific IgE antibodies in asymptomatic Ghanaian children possibly caused by carbohydrate determinant cross-reactivity]
* 2013 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23792298 Chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection attenuates atherosclerosis – an autopsy study]
* 2013 Sep [https://journals.ekb.eg/article_17387.html Impact of Treatment of Intestinal Parasites on the Activity of Ulcerative Colitis]
* 2013 Aug 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23985691 Effect of nematode Trichinella infection on glucose tolerance and status of macrophage in obese mice] -- [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/60/11/60_EJ13-0312/_pdf PDF]
* 2013 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23986108 Antagonism between two intestinal parasites in humans: the importance of co-infection for infection risk and recovery dynamics] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768312/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768312/pdf/rspb20131671.pdf PDF] (media coverage : [https://news.ucsb.edu/2013/013611/dueling-infections-one-keeps-other-bay-say-ucsb-anthropologists Dueling Infections: One Keeps the Other at Bay, Say UCSB Anthropologists])
* 2013 Aug 20 Parasitic Helminths: A Useful Resource for Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease Therapy -- [https://www.omicsonline.org/parasitic-helminths-a-useful-resource-for-inflammatory-and-autoimmune-disease-therapy-1948-593X.1000084.php?aid=16479 Full text] | [https://www.omicsonline.org/parasitic-helminths-a-useful-resource-for-inflammatory-and-autoimmune-disease-therapy-1948-593X.1000084.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23851695/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection activates colonic Foxp3+ T cells enhancing their capacity to prevent colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3790665/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3790665/pdf/nihms497632.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23967364 Schistosoma mansoni-mediated suppression of allergic airway inflammation requires patency and Foxp3+ Treg cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744427/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744427/pdf/pntd.0002379.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23730956 Randomised clinical trial: the safety and tolerability of Trichuris suis ova in patients with Crohn's disease] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.12366/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.12366/epdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2013 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23826921/ Impact of Worms and their Products on Eosinophils and Neutrophils in Experimental Asthma]
* 2013 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23827958 Type 2 immunity and wound healing: evolutionary refinement of adaptive immunity by helminths] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789590/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789590/pdf/nihms516840.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jul 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23875042/ Cathelicidin-like helminth defence molecules (HDMs): absence of cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-protozoan activities imply a specific adaptation to immune modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3708846/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3708846/pdf/pntd.0002307.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jul 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23844022/ Oesophagostomum dentatum extract modulates T cell-dependent immune responses to bystander antigens and prevents the development of allergy in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3699627/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3699627/pdf/pone.0067544.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23597946 Possible use of Trichuris suis ova in autism spectrum disorders therapy] (TSO)
* 2013 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23899237/ Trichinella spiralis immunomodulation: an interactive multifactorial process]
* 2013 Jun 27 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/9781845937591.0144 Modulation of autoimmune and allergic responses by defined nematode molecules] (Book chapter of "Parasitic nematodes: molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology")
* 2013 Jun 27 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/book/10.1079/9781845937591.0000 Parasitic nematodes: molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology] (Book)
* 2013 Jun 13 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20945 Helminth infections on Flores Island, Indonesia : associations with communicable and non-communicable diseases] (Thesis)
* 2013 Jun 12 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20955 Development of immune responses in early life : a longitudinal study in Indonesia] (Thesis)
* 2013 Jun 11 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20942 Immune regulation during parasitic infections : from bench to field] (Thesis)
* 2013 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23536438/ Infection and cancer: revaluation of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/19/11/2834/201438/Infection-and-Cancer-Revaluation-of-the-Hygiene Full text]
* 2013 Jun [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/6faf0e20-9040-4e46-9d89-1fedfda79e0f Inmunomodulación por el cestodo taenia crassiceps : impacto en la artritis reumatoide experimental] (Master, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23273955 Coassociations between IL10 polymorphisms, IL-10 production, helminth infection, and asthma/ wheeze in an urban tropical population in Brazil]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23859409/ Non-encapsulated Trichinella spp., T. papuae, diminishes severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23307236/ Application of dendritic cells stimulated with Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00430-012-0286-6 Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23545299 Hookworm excretory/secretory products induce interleukin-4 (IL-4)+ IL-10+ CD4+ T cell responses and suppress pathology in a mouse model of colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676036/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676036/pdf/zii2104.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23509143 Parasitic nematode-induced modulation of body weight and associated metabolic dysfunction in mouse models of obesity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676010/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676010/pdf/zii1905.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23583716/ Murine autoimmune arthritis is exaggerated by infection with the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta] (HDC)
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23465465/ Vaccine against autoimmune disease: can helminths or their products provide a therapy?] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0952791513000277 Ful text]
* 2013 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23523576 Previous contact with Strongyloides venezuelensis contributed to prevent insulitis in MLD-STZ diabetes] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014489413000775 Full text] (includes a PDF download link)
* 2013 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23433602/ An anti-tumor protein produced by Trichinella spiralis induces apoptosis in human hepatoma H7402 cells]
* 2013 May 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23433604/ Modulation of inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model following infection with Trichinella spiralis]
* 2013 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/190/Supplement_1/134.14/8000269?login=false The inhibition of allergic airway inflammation by regulatory T cells induced with Trichinella spiralis infection]
* 2013 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23400937/ Rheumatoid arthritis patients are free of filarial infection in an area where filariasis is endemic: comment on the article by Pineda et al]
* 2013 Apr 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23782752 Trichuris suis ova in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome (TRIOMS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/ Full text] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680966/pdf/1745-6215-14-112.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2013 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23340445/ A shift to Th2 immune response caused by constitutive expression of IPSE/alpha-1 in transfected pig fibroblasts in mice]
* 2013 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23566643 The development of TH2 responses from infancy to 4 years of age and atopic sensitization in areas endemic for helminth infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3635885/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3635885/pdf/1710-1492-9-13.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23683364/ Allergic diseases and helminth infections]
* 2013 Mar 25 [https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/272409 Immunoregulation by Trichinella spiralis: Benefits for parasite and host] (Thesis)
* 2013 Mar 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23420878/ Innate lymphoid type 2 cells sustain visceral adipose tissue eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3600903/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3600903/pdf/JEM_20121964.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23358506/ Autoimmunity: Will worms cure rheumatoid arthritis?]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23319265/ A recombined protein (rSj16) derived from Schistosoma japonicum induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of murine myeloid leukemia cells]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291459/ Helminth therapies: Translating the unknown unknowns to known knowns] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003189?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227936/ Immunomodulatory effects of helminths and protozoa in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12023 Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23298637 Helminth therapy and multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003153 Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23410735/ Special issue: translatability of helminth therapy]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220126/ Fasciola hepatica: the therapeutic potential of a worm secretome] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003050?via%3Dihub Full text] | [https://core.ac.uk/reader/10080317?utm_source=linkout PDF]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220043/ Trichuris suis-induced modulation of human dendritic cell function is glycan-mediated] -- [https://tanawisa.com/downloads/Trichuris_suis-induced_modulation_of_human_dendritic_cell_function_is_glycan-mediated.pdf Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23178750 A role for IL-22 in the relationship between intestinal helminths, gut microbiota and mucosal immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955947/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955947/pdf/nihms423088.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291460 Changed gluten immunity in celiac disease by Necator americanus provides new insights into autoimmunity] (NA)
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291461 The helminth product, ES-62, protects against airway inflammation by resetting the Th cell phenotype] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584281/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584281/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23174104 A nematode immunomodulator suppresses grass pollen-specific allergic responses by controlling excessive Th2 inflammation]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23380935 Childhood helminth exposure is protective against inflammatory bowel disease: a case control study in South Africa] (IBD)
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22806101 Prevention of type 1 diabetes through infection with an intestinal nematode parasite requires IL-10 in the absence of a Th2-type response]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291464 Helminth mediated modulation of Type 1 diabetes (T1D)]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291462/ Prerequisites for the pharmaceutical industry to develop and commercialise helminths and helminth-derived product therapy] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003190 Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23291463/ Immunomodulation by helminth parasites: defining mechanisms and mediators] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003165 Full text]
* 2013 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23178819/ Translatability of helminth therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683647/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683647/pdf/nihms423391.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Feb 20 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23429492/ Chronic schistosome infection leads to modulation of granuloma formation and systemic immune suppression] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3576626/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3576626/pdf/fimmu-04-00039.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Feb 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25436882/ Immune evasion, immunopathology and the regulation of the immune system]
* 2013 Feb 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23476739/ Allergy and parasites]
* 2013 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23275524 Association of previous schistosome infection with diabetes and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in rural China]
* 2013 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23453173/ Maintaining health by balancing microbial exposure and prevention of infection: the hygiene hypothesis versus the hypothesis of early immune challenge]
* 2013 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23254300/ Nematode asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase resolves intestinal inflammation in mice with T-cell transfer colitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3571265/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3571265/pdf/zcd276.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jan 11 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/476c418c-3aaf-4b94-8d6c-3cd18142324a Impact of helminths and helminth products on immune responses] (Thesis, Berlin)
* ✅ 2013 Jan 10 [[media:Patients_self-treat_with_parasitic_worms_-_Flowers_et_al.pdf | Patients self-treat with parasitic worms.]] In this letter to the journal, Nature, two researchers called on the scientific community to adopt a different approach to helminth therapeutics that would recognise and utilise the insights and evidence being gained by patients self-treating with helminths.
* 2013 Jan 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23365718/ Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases-Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3556843/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3556843/pdf/JPR2013-329438.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jan 8 [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130108112451.htm Parasitic worms may help treat diseases associated with obesity Science Daily]
* 2013 Jan 1 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6585-6_7 Helminth Therapy] (book chapter of Biotherapy - History, Principles and Practice)
* 2013 Jan-Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23406942 Evolutionary immune response to conserved domains in parasites and aeroallergens]
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23278881/ Effects of geohelminth infection and age on the associations between allergen-specific IgE, skin test reactivity and wheeze: a case-control study] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3563216/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3563216/pdf/cea0043-0060.pdf PDF]
* 2013 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277021/ Cell apoptosis induced by hookworm antigens: a strategy of immunomodulation]
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23302848 Autoimmune disease: Patients self-treat with parasitic worms] (Comment on [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23135449 Autoimmunity: The worm returns].)
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24481186 Microbial 'Old Friends', immunoregulation and stress resilience] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868387/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868387/pdf/eot004.pdf PDF]
* ⚡ 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24481190 Evolutionary biology and anthropology suggest biome reconstitution as a necessary approach toward dealing with immune disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868394/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868394/pdf/eot008.pdf PDF] This paper explains how the modern pandemics of autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic disease are due to the loss of species, especially helminths, from the human ecosystem.
* 2013 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23278885 Protection against allergic airway inflammation during the chronic and acute phases of Trichinella spiralis infection]
* 2013 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23365679 Relationship between carotid intima media thickness and helminth infections on Flores Island, Indonesia] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554693/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554693/pdf/pone.0054855.pdf PDF] (atherosclerosis / cholesterol)
* 2013 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23637593 Immune regulation during helminth infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3630086/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3630086/pdf/ppat.1003250.pdf PDF]
* 2013 [https://pen.ius.edu.ba/index.php/pen/article/view/4 Helminth-derived product(s): Source for potential therapeutic] -- [https://pen.ius.edu.ba/index.php/pen/article/view/4/2 PDF]
* 2013 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23767133/ Worms in prevention of allergy] (Finnish)
* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/7db144c3-cd42-4212-b7de-6a4f14d2c854 Immune modulation by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)
* 2013 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/394dd174-f6f1-4655-b2ba-d75137bf7606 Immunomodulatory activity of products from the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica] (Thesis)
* 2013 [https://elib.tiho-hannover.de/receive/etd_mods_00000781 Dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy and diseased dogs with inflammatory bowel disease] (Thesis)
* 2013 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20133271670 Effects of helminth infections on the mechanisms of immune response in allergic asthma] (Chinese)
* 2013 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/1c7d5d9f-6a81-48bd-b663-2211a553fee7 Modulación de la colitis experimental por la infección con Taenia crassiceps] (Licence, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2013 [https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/57810 Parasites: What are They Good for?]

=== 2012 ===
* 2012 Winter [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23804266 Helminth infection and type 1 diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740696/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740696/pdf/RevDiabeticStud-09-272.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23484125/ Immunoregulation by Taenia crassiceps and Its Antigens] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3591211/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3591211/pdf/BMRI2013-498583.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Dec 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23326021/ Alternatively activated macrophages in types 1 and 2 diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3543813/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3543813/pdf/MI2012-815953.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Dec 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23236367/ Impact of anthelminthic treatment in pregnancy and childhood on immunisations, infections and eczema in childhood: a randomised controlled trial] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3517620/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3517620/pdf/pone.0050325.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Dec 6 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/54a23745-10ad-462d-b48c-dab3b54c44e8 Functional and molecular characteristics of a helminth immunomodulator-induced suppressive macrophage population] (Thesis, Berlin)
* 2012 Dec 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220091 The hookworm pharmacopoeia for inflammatory diseases] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751912003062 Full text]
* 2012 Dec 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23304174/ Neutrophil Inhibitory Factor Selectively Inhibits the Endothelium-Driven Transmigration of Eosinophils In Vitro and Airway Eosinophilia in OVA-Induced Allergic Lung Inflammation]
* 2012 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23593834 Anti-atherogenic effect and its mechanisms of soluble egg antigen of Schistosomia japonicum in ApoE-/- mice (atherosclerosis)]
* 2012 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23230342/ Trichinella spiralis infection suppressed gut inflammation with CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cell recruitment] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3514436/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3514436/pdf/kjp-50-385.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23166490 Therapeutic helminth infection of macaques with idiopathic chronic diarrhea alters the inflammatory signature and mucosal microbiota of the colon] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499566/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499566/pdf/ppat.1003000.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221477 How helminths use excretory secretory fractions to modulate dendritic cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3545949/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3545949/pdf/viru-3-668.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23135449 Autoimmunity: The worm returns] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744107/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744107/pdf/nihms-492926.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23129304 Helminth infection in populations undergoing epidemiological transition: a friend or foe?] -- [https://staff.ui.ac.id/system/files/users/aprilianto.eddy/publication/wiria2012helminthinpopulationsundergoingepidemiologicaltransition.pdf Author’s personal full text copy]
* 2012 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23133689/ Toxocara seropositivity, atopy and wheezing in children living in poor neighbourhoods in urban Latin American]
* 2012 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23079675 Where are we on worms?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744105/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744105/pdf/nihms492925.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23104131/ Immunomodulatory glycan LNFPIII alleviates hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance through direct and indirect control of metabolic pathways] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3493877/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3493877/pdf/nihms404535.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22889318/ Heligmosmoides polygyrus fourth stages induce protection against DSS-induced colitis and change opioid expression in the intestine]
* 2012 Oct 23 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22740641/ Leptin, a tool of parasites?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3440990/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3440990/pdf/rsbl20120385.pdf PDF] (diabete)
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23034321/ Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485755/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485755/pdf/zcm585.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22086188 Nematode modulation of inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459088/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459088/pdf/709_2011_Article_342.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22886766 Worming their way into the pharmacy: use of worms and worm products to treat inflammatory diseases] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/art.34635 PDF]
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22898371 Heligmosomoides polygyrus: EAE remission is correlated with different systemic cytokine profiles provoked by L4 and adult nematodes] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22706967/ Suppression of type 2 immunity and allergic airway inflammation by secreted products of the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4916998/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4916998/pdf/emss-68762.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22729944 The parasitic helminth product ES-62 suppresses pathogenesis in collagen-induced arthritis by targeting the interleukin-17-producing cellular network at multiple sites] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.34581/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.34581/epdf PDF] (Editorial : 2012 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22886766/ Worming their way into the pharmacy: use of worms and worm products to treat inflammatory diseases])
* 2012 Sep 27 [https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/citation/2012/11271/secreted_molecules_from_the_helminth.2245.aspx Secreted Molecules from the Helminth Parasite Fasciola Hepatica Prevent Pro-Inflammatory Immune Responses to Prevent Autoimmune Diabetes]
* 2012 Sep 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23021370 Advances in immunotherapy for food allergy] -- [https://www.discoverymedicine.com/Yamini-V-Virkud/2012/09/21/advances-in-immunotherapy-for-food-allergy/ Full text] Yamini Virkud and Brian Vickery, Discovery Magazine
* 2012 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22844110/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri induces tolerogenic dendritic cells that block colitis and prevent antigen-specific gut T cell responses] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3424321/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3424321/pdf/nihms-391899.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21838960 Immune monitoring of Trichuris suis egg therapy in multiple sclerosis patients] (TSO in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS))
* 2012 Sep [https://ifh-homehygiene.org/best-practice-review/hygiene-hypothesis-and-its-implications-home-hygiene-lifestyle-and-public/ The Hygiene Hypothesis and its implications for home hygiene, lifestyle and public health] -- [https://www.naturaleater.com/science-articles/Hygiene-old-friends-ISFHH-2012.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21875581/ Immune modulation and modulators in Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6485391/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6485391/pdf/emss-79795.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22973271/ Defense peptides secreted by helminth pathogens: antimicrobial and/or immunomodulator molecules?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3428582/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3428582/pdf/fimmu-03-00269.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22970345/ Human schistosome infection and allergic sensitisation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434398/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434398/pdf/JPR2012-154743.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22937527 Does helminth activation of toll-like receptors modulate immune response in multiple sclerosis patients?] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426839/pdf/fcimb-02-00112.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22934153/ The effect of antihelminthic treatment on subjects with asthma from an endemic area of schistosomiasis: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial]
* 2012 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22223533/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus abrogates antigen-specific gut injury in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123417/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123417/pdf/nihms340401.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Aug [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/189/3/1101/7994782?redirectedFrom=fulltext Costs and Benefits of Immunity to Worm Infection]
* 2012 Jul 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24533279/ Worming our way closer to the clinic] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3862412/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3862412/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22742834 Trichuris suis ova: testing a helminth-based therapy as an extension of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://web.archive.org/web/20210921041516/https://parasitology.cvm.ncsu.edu/vmp930/supplement/trichuris_treatment_allergies.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2012 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22608572 Helminth infection is associated with decreased basophil responsiveness in human beings] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387338/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387338/pdf/nihms372243.pdf PDF]
* ⚡ 2012 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22612580 A prescription for clinical immunology: the pills are available and ready for testing. A review] | [[media:A_prescription_for_clinical_immunology-_the_pills_are_available_and_ready_for_testing._A_review.pdf | PDF]]
* 2012 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22928103 Is autism a member of a family of diseases resulting from genetic/cultural mismatches? Implications for treatment and prevention] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420574/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420574/pdf/AURT2012-910946.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22608500/ Evolutionary history of copy-number-variable locus for the low-affinity Fcγ receptor: mutation rate, autoimmune disease, and the legacy of helminth infection ] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3370267/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3370267/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jun 4 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20123002182 A study of the effects of Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen on CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with asthma]
* 2012 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22482518 Soluble helminth products suppress clinical signs in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and differentially modulate human dendritic cell activation] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2012 Jun [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246961346_MICROBIAL_OLD_FRIENDS_IMMUNOREGULATION_AND_PSYCHIATRIC_DISORDERS Microbial "Old Friends", immunoregulation and psychiatric disorders]
* 2012 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22788124/ Conference scene: Parasites to treat immune-mediated diseases?] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.2217/imt.12.44 Full text]
* 2012 May 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22464690 Helminthic therapy: improving mucosal barrier function] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4015520/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4015520/pdf/nihms545476.pdf PDF]
* 2012 May 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22493240/ Mast cells orchestrate type 2 immunity to helminths through regulation of tissue-derived cytokines] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3340035/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3340035/pdf/pnas.201112268.pdf PDF]
* 2012 May 9 [https://www.ima.org.il/MedicineIMAJ/viewarticle.aspx?year=2012&month=07&page=459 The Eighth International Congress on Autoimmunity] (Conference)
* 2012 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/188/1_Supplement/116.3/7979945 Immune regulatory mechanisms, not alteration in Th1/Th2 skewing, are responsible for helminth-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes in NOD mice]
* 2012 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/188/1_Supplement/119.5/7980315 Short-term helminth infection inhibits type 1 diabetes independently of the Th2-type response]
* 2012 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22507593/ Can we vaccinate against depression?]
* 2012 May [https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/188/1_Supplement/119.11/7979693 Administration of anti-FcER1 antibody injections daily for 10 consecutive days delays type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice]
* 2012 Apr 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22558152/ Crude extracts of Caenorhabditis elegans suppress airway inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma]
* 2012 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22513973 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashley_Croft/publication/224708548_Helminth_therapy_(worms)_for_allergic_rhinitis/links/09e4150b0b21ddf09b000000.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Apr 16 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118321386.ch48 Parasites] (Book chapter of Textbook of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Edition)
* 2012 Apr 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509512/ Alternative therapies: Desperate measures] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11099 Full text] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22392054/ Trichinella spiralis: shaping the immune response] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-012-8287-5 Full text]
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22398370/ T cells in helminth infection: the regulators and the regulated]
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22974465/ Polarization of host immune responses by helminth‐expressed glycans] -- [https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06618.x Full text]
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22168433 Parasitic worm therapy for allergy: is this incongruous or avant-garde medicine?]
* 2012 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22360486 Granulocytes in helminth infection -- who is calling the shots?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394172/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394172/pdf/CMC-19-1567.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Mar 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22461700/ Chronic helminth infection reduces basophil responsiveness in an IL-10-dependent manner] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3331970/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3331970/pdf/nihms-359886.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Mar 14 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/31794 Derived Products of Helminth in the Treatment of Inflammation, Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis] (Book chapter of Allergic Diseases - Highlights in the Clinic, Mechanisms and Treatment)
* 2012 Mar 14 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/31795 Parasite-Derived Proteins Inhibit Allergic Specific Th2 Response] (Book chapter of Allergic Diseases - Highlights in the Clinic, Mechanisms and Treatment)
* 2012 Mar 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22398631 Atopy is inversely related to schistosome infection intensity: a comparative study in Zimbabwean villages with distinct levels of Schistosoma haematobium infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398828/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398828/pdf/iaa-0158-0288.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Mar 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24533271/ Worm therapy: How would you like your medicine?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3862429/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3862429/pdf/main.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214328/ Cystic echinococcosis: aspects of immune response, immunopathogenesis and immune evasion from the human host]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22257556/ Life on the edge: the balance between macrofauna, microflora and host immunity]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214331/ Immunomodulation in trichinellosis: does Trichinella really escape the host immune system?]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214332/ Schistosoma mansoni antigens as modulators of the allergic inflammatory response in asthma]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214333/ Immunomodulatory properties of ES-62, a phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein secreted by Acanthocheilonema viteae]
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22264636/ Immune modulation by Lacto-N-fucopentaose III in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288504/pdf/nihms346981.pdf] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2012 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24523086/ Trichuris suis ova bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen] (German)
* 2012 Feb 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22347409/ Schistosomes induce regulatory features in human and mouse CD1d(hi) B cells: inhibition of allergic inflammation by IL-10 and regulatory T cells]
* 2012 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22566894/ TLRs, Treg, and B Cells, an Interplay of Regulation during Helminth Infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3342019/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3342019/pdf/fimmu-03-00008.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22355800 The hygiene hypothesis: an explanation for the increased frequency of insulin-dependent diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3281594/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3281594/pdf/cshperspectmed-DIA-a007799.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22090147/ Hygiene hypothesis and autoimmune diseases] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12016-011-8285-8 Full text]
* 2012 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22346753 Characterising the mucosal and systemic immune responses to experimental human hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276555/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276555/pdf/ppat.1002520.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22035877/ The effect of single and multiple infections on atopy and wheezing in children] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5015705/] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5015705/pdf/emss-69803.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22245779 An essential role for the Th2-type response in limiting tissue damage during helminth infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3274634/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3274634/pdf/nihms341991.pdf PDF] (Wound healing)
* 2012 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22174447/ Helminth protection against autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice is independent of a type 2 immune shift and requires TGF-β] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3253252/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3253252/pdf/nihms338259.pdf PDF]
* 2012 Jan 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22156341/ Rapid in vivo conversion of effector T cells into Th2 cells during helminth infection]
* 2012 Jan-Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23235797/ The evolution of the Th2 immune responses and its relationships with parasitic diseases and allergy] (Spanish)
* 2012 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279846310_The_murine_infection_with_Schistosoma_mansoni_a_precarious_system_of_check_and_balances_for_the_better_of_both The murine infection with Schistosoma mansoni: a precarious system of check and balances for the better of both] (Doctoral thesis)
* 2012 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259961981_Comparative_Immunomodulatory_Activity_of_Ascaris_Suum_Eggs_and_Dermatophagoides_pteronyssinus_Extract_in_BALBC_Mice_Cytokine_and_Immunoglobulin_Regulations Comparative Immunomodulatory Activity of Ascaris Suum Eggs and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Extract in BALB/C Mice: Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Regulations]
* ⚡ 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22239614 Helminth-host immunological interactions: prevention and control of immune-mediated diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744090/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3744090/pdf/nihms492922.pdf PDF] Summarises the science underpinning helminthic therapy.
* 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21983081/ Helminth infection does not reduce risk for chronic inflammatory disease in a population-based cohort study] (There are several critical weaknesses in this study, the data from which do not support the authors' broad conclusion that helminthic colonization does not reduce the risk for various immune-mediated diseases. See a rebuttal of this research by the late Joel Weinstock [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4129650/ here].)
* 2012 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22047987/ Neuroprotective potential beyond immunoregulation of helminth infection as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987711005147 Full text]
* 2012 Jan [https://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/microbe/10.1128/microbe.7.173.1 A Darwinian View of the Hygiene or “Old Friends” Hypothesis] Graham A. W. Rook, Microbe Magazine
* 2012 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20133122421 Parasitic helminths and their products as novel therapeutic agents: an immunological perspective - a review]
* 2012 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=c7qZDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA191&ots=vy-mRzDB1u&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA191#v=onepage&q&f=false Immunosuppression in Helminth Infection] (Book chapter of Immunosuppression: Role in Health and Diseases)
* 2012 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-31609-8_29 The Association between Helminth Infections and Atopic Diseases] (Book chapter of "Multidisciplinary Approaches to Allergies", see [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=M33ABAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA460&sig=ulfyv_C0yrsbqA2GrUYS2M5AGTo#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Book version])
* 2012 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22848374 Helminth antigens enable CpG-activated dendritic cells to inhibit the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis through Foxp3+ regulatory T cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405066/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405066/pdf/pone.0040356.pdf PDF]
* 2012 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/489b7c28-740f-4085-861c-2d0eda2288e9 Identification of Schistosoma mansoni adult male worm excretome-secretome and production of recombinant proteins with immunomodulatory potential] (Thesis)
* 2012 [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12411/ Asthma and allergic disease: their relation with Necator americanus and other helminth infections] Johanna Feary, PhD thesis -- [https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12411/1/JRF_Thesis_appendix_A_removed.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2012 [https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/4646/ Echinococcus multilocularis immunomodulatory strategies in the intermediate host] (Student)
* 2012 [https://webshares.northseattle.edu/jgward/Microbe%20paper.pdf A Darwinian View of the Hygiene or “Old Friends” Hypothesis] (PDF)

=== 2011 ===
* 2011 Dec 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22219659/ Modulation of specific and allergy-related immune responses by helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3248237/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3248237/pdf/JBB2011-821578.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Dec [https://www.ovid.com/journals/clepal/abstract/00002739-201112000-00055~necatoramericanus-hookworm-excretory-secretory-product Necator Americanus (hookworm) excretory-secretory product modulates in vitro recall responses to grass pollen in allergic subjects] (Conference)
* 2011 Nov 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22147983 Schistosoma japonicum ova maintains epithelial barrier function during experimental colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229631/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229631/pdf/WJG-17-4810.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Nov 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22110673/ Parasitic infection improves survival from septic peritonitis by enhancing mast cell responses to bacteria in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3217977/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3217977/pdf/pone.0027564.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Nov 14 [https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/20687 Parasitic Helminths as Potential Therapeutic Agents Against Autoimmune Disorders] (Book chapter of "Autoimmune Disorders - Current Concepts and Advances from Bedside to Mechanistic Insights")
* 2011 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131800/ Schistosome: its benefit and harm in patients suffering from concomitant diseases]
* 2011 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21797885/ Helminth infections: therapeutic potential in autoimmune disorders] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01324.x Full text]
* 2011 Nov [https://www.ovid.com/journals/glyco/abstract/00002513-201111000-00041~modulation-of-immunity-by-helminth-parasites-from-molecules Modulation of Immunity by Helminth Parasites: From Molecules to Effector Mechanisms] (Conference)
* 2011 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21290484 Hookworm products ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in BALB/c mice]
* 2011 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21920822/ Anti-FcεR1 antibody injections activate basophils and mast cells and delay Type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3257875/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3257875/pdf/nihms-320901.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22087344/ Induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells during human hookworm infection modulates antigen-mediated lymphocyte proliferation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3210756/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3210756/pdf/pntd.0001383.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21476030/ The protective effect of the recombinant 53-kDa protein of Trichinella spiralis on experimental colitis in mice]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21711363/ Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells isolated from helminth-infected mice enhanced T regulatory cell responses in airway allergic inflammation]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21980148 The impact of environmental infections (parasites) on MS activity] (multiple sclerosis)
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21741180 Reconstitution of the human biome as the most reasonable solution for epidemics of allergic and autoimmune diseases] | [[media:Reconstitution_of_the_human_biome_as_the_most_reasonable_solution_for_epidemics_of_allergic_and_autoimmune_diseases.pdf | PDF]]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21810307 Treatment with anthelminthics during pregnancy: what gains and what risks for the mother and child?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178871/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178871/pdf/S0031182011001053a.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21831135 Effects of Helicobacter pylori, geohelminth infection and selected commensal bacteria on the risk of allergic disease and sensitization in 3-year-old Ethiopian children]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21684587 Regulatory B-cell induction by helminths: implications for allergic disease]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21848628 Exposure to hookworms in patients with Crohn's disease: a case-control study] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04824.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04824.x/epdf PDF]
* 2011 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22039562/ Proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory products of Heligmosomoides polygyrus assessed with next-generation sequencing transcriptomic information] -- [https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001370 full text]
* 2011 Sep 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21943110 Toll-like receptor activation by helminths or helminth products to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3199248/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3199248/pdf/1756-3305-4-186.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2011 Sep 20 [https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ddr.20459 Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate allergic response in vitro in cells of asthmatic individuals]
* 2011 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21949691 Suppression of inflammatory immune responses in celiac disease by experimental hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174943/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174943/pdf/pone.0024092.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21710488/ The S. mansoni glycoprotein ω-1 induces Foxp3 expression in NOD mouse CD4⁺ T cells]
* 2011 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22072824 Parasitic helminth cystatin inhibits DSS-induced intestinal inflammation via IL-10(+)F4/80(+) macrophage recruitment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210841/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210841/pdf/kjp-49-245.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Aug 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21858123 Impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection on collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice: a murine model of human rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152573/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152573/pdf/pone.0023453.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Aug 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21829616 Symptoms after Ingestion of Pig Whipworm Trichuris suis Eggs in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149054/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149054/pdf/pone.0022346.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2011 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21688192/ Autoimmunity and inflammation: murine models and translational studies]
* 2011 Jul 25 The neuroimmunoendocrine network during worm helminth infections -- [https://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ242.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Jul 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21785696 Parasites or cohabitants: cruel omnipresent usurpers or creative "éminences grises"?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140032/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140032/pdf/JPR2011-214174.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21668844/ Effect of parasite infection on allergic disease]
* 2011 Jun 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21772981 Excretory-secretory products from hookworm l(3) and adult worms suppress proinflammatory cytokines in infected individuals] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135091/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135091/pdf/JPR2011-512154.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Jun 2 [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-helminthology/article/abs/worm-therapy-for-or-against/B6136CF21B3FCC7A88D0B111BB4D7F39 Worm therapy: for or against?]
* 2011 Jun [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1400/929 Bronchial asthma and helminth invasion: particularity of the cellular immunity] (Russian)
* 2011 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21610741 Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths]
* 2011 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21372112/ Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894910/pdf/nihms536054.pdf PDF] (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4). See BBC coverage: [https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20130422-feeling-ill-swallow-a-parasite Worm therapy: Why parasites may be good for you]
* 2011 May 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21576944 Atopic dermatitis and the hygiene hypothesis revisited]
* 2011 May 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21589904/ A family of helminth molecules that modulate innate cell responses via molecular mimicry of host antimicrobial peptides] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3093369/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3093369/pdf/ppat.1002042.pdf PDF]
* 2011 May 12 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-19382-8_9 Helminth Therapy to Treat Crohn’s and Other Autoimmune Diseases] (book chapter of Nature Helps.... Parasitology Research Monographs vol 1)
* 2011 May 6 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21573157 Schistosome infection intensity is inversely related to auto-reactive antibody levels] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3089602/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3089602/pdf/pone.0019149.pdf PDF]
* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21255083 Anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of infantile eczema: randomised-controlled trial results] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130136/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130136/pdf/pai0022-0305.pdf PDF]
* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21204854/ Amelioration of intestinal colitis by macrophage migration inhibitory factor isolated from intestinal parasites through toll-like receptor 2]
* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21549067/ The protective effect of chronic schistosoma japonica infestation against sepsis in mice]
* 2011 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477142/ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution was not modified by multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01279.x Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2011 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21440530 Clonorchis sinensis-derived total protein attenuates airway inflammation in murine asthma model by inducing regulatory T cells and modulating dendritic cell functions]
* 2011 Apr 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21584243 Helminth parasites and the modulation of joint inflammation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092582/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092582/pdf/JPR2011-942616.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Apr 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21436399/ Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3144160/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3144160/pdf/nihms309914.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21232537/ Identification and characterization of myeloma-associated antigens in Trichinella spiralis]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21109750/ Food allergy in Ghanaian schoolchildren: data on sensitization and reported food allergy]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21087217/ Atopy and current intestinal parasite infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02512.x Full text]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21296592/ Infectious triggers protect from autoimmunity]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21277637 The impact of parasite infections on the course of multiple sclerosis]
* 2011 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21295861 Helminths and multiple sclerosis: will old friends give us new treatments for MS?] (No abstract)
* 2011 Mar 16 [https://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/2011/03/16/the-myth-of-the-helminth-can-worms-be-the-next-therapeutic-breakthrough-for-ibd-patients/ The Myth of the Helminth: Can Worms be the Next Therapeutic Breakthrough for IBD Patients?]
* 2011 Mar 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21408161 Effect of hookworm infection on wheat challenge in celiac disease - a randomised double-blinded placebo controlled trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050888/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050888/pdf/pone.0017366.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Mar 1 [https://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8G3LVD Avaliação dos efeitos de fármacos imunomoduladores na infecção de Hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, POR Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Loss, 1911)] (Thesis, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2011 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21438646/ Bugs as drugs, part two: worms, leeches, scorpions, snails, ticks, centipedes, and spiders] -- [https://altmedrev.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/v16-1-50.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21349092/ Infection, immunoregulation, and cancer]
* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20967852 Infection with an intestinal helminth parasite reduces Freund's complete adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.30098/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.30098/epdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21159556/ To B or not to B: B cells and the Th2-type immune response to helminths] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3076625/pdf/nihms259426.pdf PDF]
* 2011 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044628 Trichinella spiralis: infection reduces airway allergic inflammation in mice]
* 2011 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283177048_Lipid_profile_of_subjects_infected_with_Schistosoma_Haematobium_in_South-Western_Nigeria Lipid profile of subjects infected with Schistosoma Haematobium in South-Western Nigeria]
* 2011 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20428947/ Schistosoma mansoni infection but not egg antigen promotes recovery from colitis in outbred NMRI mice]
* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21887281 The transcriptome of Trichuris suis -- first molecular insights into a parasite with curative properties for key immune diseases of humans] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160910/pdf/pone.0023590.pdf PDF] (TSO)
* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21858123 Impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection on collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice: a murine model of human rheumatoid arthritis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152573/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152573/pdf/pone.0023453.pdf PDF]
* 2011 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21185554/ Taenia crassiceps infection abrogates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000887491000290X?via%3Dihub Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2011 [https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/entities/publication/ea846042-b7cd-4b85-8c76-475682e249a6 Modulation of immune responses by commensal bacteria and intestinal helminth] -- [https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstreams/29ce181d-1755-4ab7-b5e1-dc72320df6e1/download PDF] (thesis)
* 2011 [https://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0712/120_7038am0712_945_955.pdf Role of Parasitic Helminths in Protection Against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases]
* 2011 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/ddbe0211-0bc9-462e-ab90-2c32306f211e Inmunoregulación por el céstodo Taenia Crassiceps y su efecto sobre el desarrollo de la encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental] (Thesis, Mexico, Spanish)
* 2011 [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hr4h5dm Type-2 Immunity During Therapeutic Helminth Infection] (Thesis, California)

=== 2010 ===
* 2010 Dec 28 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21149710/ IL-4/STAT6 immune axis regulates peripheral nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3012500/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3012500/pdf/pnas.201009152.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Dec 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22043257/ Parasites induced skin allergy: a strategic manipulation of the host immunity]
* 2010 Dec 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21123809 IL-22+ CD4+ T cells are associated with therapeutic trichuris trichiura infection in an ulcerative colitis patient] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Png_Loke/publication/49650965_IL-22_CD4_T_Cells_Are_Associated_with_Therapeutic_Trichuris_trichiura_Infection_in_an_Ulcerative_Colitis_Patient/links/00b7d535585b829413000000.pdf PDF] (TTO)
* 2010 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044123/ PAS-1, an Ascaris suum protein, modulates allergic airway inflammation via CD8+γδTCR+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02465.x Full text]
* 2010 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21118945/ Decreased prevalence of lymphatic filariasis among subjects with type-1 diabetes] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990055/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990055/pdf/tropmed-83-1336.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Nov 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20885339/ Lacto-N-fucopentaose III, a pentasaccharide, prolongs heart transplant survival]
* 2010 Nov-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20721985/ Blood lipids, infection, and inflammatory markers in the Tsimane of Bolivia]
* 2010 Nov-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21039614/ rSj16, a recombinant protein of Schistosoma japonicum-derived molecule, reduces severity of the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis in rats' model]
* 2010 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20848461 Alteration of the murine gut microbiota during infection with the parasitic helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2959136/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2959136/pdf/nihms220920.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21039971 Long-term periodic anthelmintic treatments are associated with increased allergen skin reactivity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034193/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034193/pdf/cea0040-1669.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21039968/ The allergy epidemic: can helminths supply the antidote?]
* 2010 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20603157/ Inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation via enhanced IL-10 and TGF-beta production by galectin-9 homologues isolated from intestinal parasites]
* ⚡ 2010 Oct 13 [https://evmedreview.com/reconstituting-the-depleted-biome-to-prevent-immune-disorders/ Reconstituting the depleted biome to prevent immune disorders] William Parker, Duke University. Explains why replacing absent "old friends" may be the only reasonable therapy for a wide range of immune-associated disorders, including allergy, autoimmunity and autism.
* 2010 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20661746/ Infection of non-encapsulated species of Trichinella ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis involving suppression of Th17 and Th1 response] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-010-1985-9 Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2010 Oct-dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21500453/ Atopic diseases and intestinal helminth infections] (Romanian)
* 2010 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20702728/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection can inhibit colitis through direct interaction with innate immunity] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2948844/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2948844/pdf/nihms-220262.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Sep-Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20691015/ Immunoendocrine host-parasite interactions during helminth infections: from the basic knowledge to its possible therapeutic applications] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01232.x Full text]
* 2010 Aug 31
* 2010 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20067426 Effects of Deworming during Pregnancy on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Entebbe, Uganda: A Randomized Controlled Trial] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857962/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857962/pdf/ukmss-29622.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20626810/ The immunology of human hookworm infections]
* 2010 Aug [https://academic.oup.com/intimm/article-abstract/22/Suppl_1_Pt_2/ii158/2958157 Immunity to helminth infection]
* 2010 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20626811/ Murine nematode immunology in Australasia]
* 2010 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20420933/ Filaria-induced IL-10 suppresses murine cerebral malaria]
* 2010 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20404082 Chronic intestinal helminth infections are associated with immune hyporesponsiveness and induction of a regulatory network] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897394/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897394/pdf/1228-09.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20559443/ Decreased prevalence of lymphatic filariasis among diabetic subjects associated with a diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine response (CURES 83)] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2886036/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2886036/pdf/pntd.0000707.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jun 14 [https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/how-the-parasitic-worm-has-turned/ How the parasitic worm has turned] (Web archive copy)
* 2010 Jun 11 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20538949 Exploitation of the intestinal microflora by the parasitic nematode Trichuris muris] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428897/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428897/pdf/ukmss-49377.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jun 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20537152/ The inhibitory effect against collagen-induced arthritis by Schistosoma japonicum infection is infection stage-dependent]
* 2010 Jun 5 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/a21afb06-1289-4db1-ada6-59b507d154b9 Functional analysis of tropomyosin of parasitic nematodes] (Thesis, Berlin)
* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20372927/ Influence of maternal schistosomiasis on the immunity of adult offspring mice]
* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20402649/ Immunomodulation of the allergic inflammatory response: new developments]
* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20306466/ Helminth-induced CD19+CD23hi B cells modulate experimental allergic and autoimmune inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3179601/pdf/eji0040-1682.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20500676/ Mechanisms of modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by chronic Trichinella spiralis infection in Dark Agouti rats] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01207.x Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2010 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20132231 Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate the allergic response in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857950/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857950/pdf/cei0160-0266.pdf PDF]
* 2010 May [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(10)60071-6/fulltext Helminths Regulate Acute Graft Versus Host Disease and Colitis in a TGFβ Dependent Manner in Mice]
* 2010 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20304473/ Regulatory B cells prevent and reverse allergic airway inflammation via FoxP3-positive T regulatory cells in a murine model] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009167491000045X Full text]
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20415854 99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: darwinian medicine and the 'hygiene' or 'old friends' hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841838/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841838/pdf/cei0160-0070.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20415844/ The 'hygiene hypothesis' for autoimmune and allergic diseases: an update] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2841828/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/20415844/ PDF]
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23105895 Immunomodulators of helminthes: Promising therapeutics for autoimmune disorders and allergic diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3453099/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3453099/pdf/12291_2010_Article_21.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20044996 In vitro-derived alternatively activated macrophages reduce colonic inflammation in mice] (Colitis) (HDC)
* 2010 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20224568 Helminth-derived immunomodulators: can understanding the worm produce the pill?]
* 2010 Mar 24 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20103089920 Inhibitory effect on asthma by dendritic cells of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice]
* 2010 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20204176/ Immune modulation by Schistosoma mansoni antigens in NOD mice: effects on both innate and adaptive immune systems] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2830582/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2830582/pdf/JBB2010-795210.pdf PDF] (Diabetes)
* 2010 Mar [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(09)01809-0/fulltext Looking into the future of Trichuris suis therapy]. Comment on a defective clinical trial [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19800680 Trichuris suis ova therapy for allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial] which use a bad pH 5.0 for TSO
* 2010 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20028812 Extracts of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, suppress macrophage activation in vitro and alleviate chemically induced colitis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825920/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825920/pdf/1349-08.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2010 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19968663/ The therapeutic potential of the filarial nematode-derived immunodulator, ES-62 in inflammatory disease] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2819492/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2819492/pdf/cei0159-0256.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19691904 The immune response to and immunomodulation by Hymenolepis diminuta] (HDC)
* 2010 Feb 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20135718/ Schistosoma mansoni proteins attenuate gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice]
* 2010 Feb 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20169100 Parasitic helminths: new weapons against immunological disorders] (Diabetes) -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821776/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821776/pdf/JBB2010-743758.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20030661 Experimental hookworm infection: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in asthma] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814083/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814083/pdf/cea0040-0299.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20101628 Worms to the rescue: can worm glycans protect from autoimmune diseases?] [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iub.304/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iub.304/epdf PDF]
* 2010 Feb 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20150967/ Immunity against Helminths: Interactions with the Host and the Intercurrent Infections] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2817558/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2817558/pdf/JBB2010-428593.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan 29 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19923225/ Helminth cysteine proteases inhibit TRIF-dependent activation of macrophages via degradation of TLR3] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2823461/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2823461/pdf/zbc3383.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan 5 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20051114/ Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces the incidence of murine cerebral malaria] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2822789/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2822789/pdf/1475-2875-9-5.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20069130 Taenia crassiceps infection attenuates multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804118/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804118/pdf/JBB2010-850541.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19748975/ Glycan gimmickry by parasitic helminths: a strategy for modulating the host immune response?] -- [https://academic.oup.com/glycob/article-abstract/20/1/2/2355376 Full text]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19800680 Trichuris suis ova therapy for allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars_Poulsen/publication/26866959_Trichuris_suis_ova_therapy_for_allergic_rhinitis_a_randomized_double-blind_placebo-controlled_clinical_trial/links/00b4952a7f6c89aaa2000000.pdf PDF] (TSO). This trial employed a novel TSO formulation with a pH of 5, when it is known that storage of TSO at a pH above 4 may impede its therapeutic effect in humans. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720335] The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study about the efficacy of TSO are therefore not reliable.
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19758373 Reduced helminth burden increases allergen skin sensitization but not clinical allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Vietnam] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03346.x Full text]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19844667 Regulation of type 1 diabetes, tuberculosis, and asthma by parasites] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2863045/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2863045/pdf/nihms182968.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20042008 Helminth infection inhibits airway allergic reaction and dendritic cells are involved in the modulation process] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01161.x Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01161.x/epdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20425508 Chronic helminth infections protect against allergic diseases by active regulatory processes] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816799/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816799/pdf/11882_2009_Article_85.pdf PDF]
* 2010 Jan [https://europepmc.org/article/med/20450004 Parasitic helminths as medicines] (Polish)
* 2010 [https://theses.gla.ac.uk/1680/ Characterisation of the anti-inflammatory potential of ES-62 in autoimmune disease] (Thesis)
* 2010 [https://stax.strath.ac.uk/concern/theses/jm214p20f Effect of phosphorylcholine-based small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory nematode product ES-62 on mast cell function] (Thesis)
* 2010 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20224759 Dendritic cells in the gut: interaction with intestinal helminths] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836138/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836138/pdf/JBB2010-250563.pdf PDF]
* 2010 [https://gut.bmj.com/content/59/Suppl_1/A2.1 Effect of hookworm treatment on active Crohn's disease] (Only an abstract appears to have been published.)
* 2010 [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1601 Influence of chronic opistorchis invasion upon immune response and clinical presentations of pediatric bronchial asthma] -- [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1601/1121 PDF] (Russian)
* 2010 [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1668/1189 Food allergy prevalence in children of opisthorchiasis world region] -- [https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/download/1668/1189 PDF] (Russian)
* 2010 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20450004/ Parasitic helminths as medicines] (Polish)
* 2010 [https://www.africanjournalofdiabetesmedicine.com/articles/type-1-diabetes-in-the-tropics-the-protective-effects-of-environmental-factors.pdf Type 1 diabetes in the tropics: the protective effects of environmental factors]
* 2010 [https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/items/0ad4acbf-a48d-4bec-b38c-e866e1e670eb Regulación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (T1DM) por macrófagos alternativamente activados inducidos por el cestodo Taenia crassiceps] (Master, Mexico, Spanish)

=== 2009 ===
* 2009 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19752032 Helminth infection can reduce insulitis and type 1 diabetes through CD25- and IL-10-independent mechanisms] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2786463/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2786463/pdf/1170-08.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Dec 1 [https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/handle/10900/45583 The Influence of Allergization and Parasite Infection of the Pregnant Women on the allergen-specific Immune Response of the Newborn] (German, Thesis)
* 2009 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19996438 Early helminth infections are inversely related to anemia, malnutrition, and malaria and are not associated with inflammation in 6- to 23-month-old Zanzibari children] -- [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/81/6/1062.long Full text] | [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/81/6/1062.full.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19812189 Helminth antigens modulate immune responses in cells from multiple sclerosis patients through TLR2-dependent mechanisms] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/9/5999.full.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19861631 Immunologic profiles of persons recruited for a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/81/5/911.long Full text] | [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/81/5/911.full.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19880560 Parasitic infection and autoimmunity] -- [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0961203309345735 PDF] (Lupus/SLE)
* 2009 Oct 22 [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-10-22/worms-linked-to-coeliac-relief/1113232 Worms linked to coeliac relief]
* 2009 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19744885 Survival of the fittest: allergology or parasitology?]
* 2009 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19508324/ Gastrointestinal nematode infection interferes with experimental allergic airway inflammation but not atopic dermatitis]
* 2009 Sep 29 [https://www.news-medical.net/news/20090929/Hookworms-can-prevent-asthma.aspx Hookworms can prevent asthma] News Medical
* 2009 Sep 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19786773/ Prebiotics, probiotics and helminths: the 'natural' solution?]
* 2009 Sep 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=20011066 Infection with Hymenolepis diminuta Is More Effective than Daily Corticosteroids in Blocking Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789531/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789531/pdf/JBB2010-384523.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2009 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19406170 Helminth immunoregulation: the role of parasite secreted proteins in modulating host immunity] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706953/ Full text]
* 2009 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587018/ Infection with a Helminth Parasite Attenuates Autoimmunity through TGF-β-Mediated Suppression of Th17 and Th1 Responses] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/3/1577.full.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Aug 1 [https://portlandpress.com/biochemist/article/31/4/28/1050/Can-parasites-be-good-for-you-The-cost-and?guestAccessKey= Can parasites be good for you?: The cost and potential benefit of hookworm infection]
* 2009 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19016910/ Inhibition of type 1 diabetes in filaria-infected non-obese diabetic mice is associated with a T helper type 2 shift and induction of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2729528/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2729528/pdf/imm0127-0512.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19674347/ Parasites and allergy]
* 2009 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19545298/ Prevalence and risk factors of inflammatory acne vulgaris in rural and urban Ghanaian schoolchildren]
* 2009 Jul 8 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0262407909618510 Healing with parasites]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19544487/ Role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2882993/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2882993/pdf/nihms-209615.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19400893 Safety of hookworm infection in individuals with measurable airway responsiveness: a randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728895/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728895/pdf/cea0039-1060.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19321388 Advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693446/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693446/pdf/nihms100270.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19594641/ Modulation of host immune responses by helminth glycans] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00799.x Full text]
* 2009 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19412105/ Can infections protect against autoimmunity?]
* 2009 Jun 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=19468064 Parasites represent a major selective force for interleukin genes and shape the genetic predisposition to autoimmune conditions] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715056/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715056/pdf/JEM_20082779.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454687/ Macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologs of anisakis simplex suppress Th2 response in allergic airway inflammation model via CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell recruitment]
* 2009 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19223020 Helminths and our immune system: friend or foe?]
* 2009 Jun [https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/items/ce0b06d9-2665-4d84-a384-b48bd9fe6d3b Helminth Therapy in a Murine Model of Chemically Induced Colitis] (Thesis)
* 2009 May 13 [https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=22651 Parasitic helminths of veterinary concern:host immune response regulation and potential use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases] | [https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/vetmex/vm-2009/vm093g.pdf PDF] (English and Spanish)
* 2009 May 9 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1128/9781555815479.ch11 The Influence of Helminths on Immunological Diseases] book chapter
* 2009 May 7 [https://hdl.handle.net/1843/GCPA-7TKKEA Asma e rinite alérgica em área rural endêmica para esquistossomose] (Master, Minas Gerais, Portuguese)
* 2009 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19388947 Immune and genetic aspects of asthma, allergy and parasitic worm infections: evolutionary links] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01104.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01104.x/epdf PDF]
* 2009 Apr 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19785931/ Leptin concentrations and the immune-mediated reduction of feed intake in sheep infected with the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/leptin-concentrations-and-the-immunemediated-reduction-of-feed-intake-in-sheep-infected-with-the-nematode-trichostrongylus-colubriformis/5993A1B573C86BAD5B1FC6055B741995 Full text] | [https://core.ac.uk/reader/35462458?utm_source=linkout PDF]
* 2009 Apr 28 [https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1325 Efeito da exposição de diferentes extratos parasitários na resposta pulmonar alérgica em modelo murino] (Post-graduate, Spanish)
* 2009 Apr 22 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386086/ Immunomodulatory parasites and toll-like receptor-mediated tumour necrosis factor alpha responsiveness in wild mammals] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2685781/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2685781/pdf/1741-7007-7-16.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19370621 Effect of administration of antihelminthics for soil transmitted helminths during pregnancy]
* 2009 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19023900/ Therapeutic potential of helminth soluble proteins in TNBS-induced colitis in mice]
* 2009 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19291704 Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens induce Treg that participate in diabetes prevention in NOD mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200838871/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200838871/epdf PDF]
* 2009 Mar 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19308259 Necator americanus infection: a possible cause of altered dendritic cell differentiation and eosinophil profile in chronically infected individuals] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654967/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654967/pdf/pntd.0000399.pdf PDF] (NA)
* ✅ 2009 Mar 5 [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01470521?term=WIRMS&rank=1 Worms for Immune Regulation of Multiple Sclerosis (WIRMS)] Proposal for the first Phase 2 trial using a controlled number of Necator americanus in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. (Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090304091818.htm] and the Mail Online. [https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2108228/Parasitic-worms-offer-hope-cure-multiple-sclerosis.html?ito=feeds-newsxml]) (NA)
* 2009 Mar-Avr [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S107997960800209X Infection and autoimmunity]
* 2009 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19418721/ Relevance of helminths in the prevention and healing of immune diseases] (Spanish)
* 2009 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19167926 The therapeutic helminth?]
* 2009 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18835272 Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces severity of collagen-induced arthritis via down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators]
* 2009 Feb [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(08)03406-4/fulltext Effect of Helminth-Derived Product on Cytokine Productions in Asthma]
* 2009 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19138565 Can helminths or helminth-derived products be used in humans to prevent or treat allergic diseases?]
* 2009 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106698/ Interactions between helminth parasites and allergy] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2680069/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2680069/pdf/ukmss-4613.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Feb [https://www.benthamdirect.com/content/journals/cir/10.2174/157339509787314431 The Clinical Potential of Worms and their Products in Treating Inflammatory Diseases]
* 2009 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19136071 Schistosoma mansoni infection alters co-stimulatory molecule expression and cell activation in asthma]
* 2009 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19079844/ Parasitic helminths: a pharmacopeia of anti-inflammatory molecules] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pim.12717 Full text]
* 2009 Jan 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19118048/ rNAPc2 inhibits colorectal cancer in mice through tissue factor]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18608175 Spontaneous arthritis in MRL/lpr mice is aggravated by Staphylococcus aureus and ameliorated by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120496 Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: mechanisms underlying helminth modulation of dendritic cell function] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632707/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632707/pdf/imm0126-0028.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120493 Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: the broader implications of the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632706/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632706/pdf/imm0126-0003.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120495 Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: immunity against helminths and immunological phenomena in modern human populations: coevolutionary legacies?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632709/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632709/pdf/imm0126-0018.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120494 Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: how might infection modulate the onset of type 1 diabetes?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632708/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632708/pdf/imm0126-0012.pdf PDF]
* ✅⚡2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18680198 Helminths and the IBD hygiene hypothesis] This paper proposed that failure to acquire helminths in early life negatively affects immune development, leading to immunological diseases such as IBD later in life.
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19128351 Do helminth parasites protect against atopy and allergic disease?]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19050918/ An update on the use of helminths to treat Crohn's and other autoimmunune diseases]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19016806 Helminth antigen-based strategy to ameliorate inflammation in an experimental model of colitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665684/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665684/pdf/cei0155-0088.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18824533/ Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate experimental allergic asthma in a murine model: a major role for CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells independent of interleukin-10] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2612239/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2612239/pdf/0783-07.pdf PDF]
* 2009 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19120492/ Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: nematode coevolution with adaptive immunity, regulatory networks and the growth of inflammatory diseases] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2632705/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2632705/pdf/imm0126-0001.pdf PDF]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20054982 Helminthic therapy: using worms to treat immune-mediated disease] | [[media:Using Worms to Treat Immune-Mediated Disease.pdf | PDF]]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20477636/ Parasite immunomodulation in autoimmune disease: focus on multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/eci.09.39 Full text]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19436745 Early exposure of infants to GI nematodes induces Th2 dominant immune responses which are unaffected by periodic anthelminthic treatment] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2677666/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2677666/pdf/pntd.0000433.pdf PDF]
* 2009 [https://repository.lib.tottori-u.ac.jp/records/5030 Helminth Infections Prevent Autoimmune Diseases through Th2-Type Immune Response] -- [https://repository.lib.tottori-u.ac.jp/record/5030/files/52_095-104%281%29.pdf PDF]
* 2009 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7643-8903-1_10 The hygiene hypothesis and Type 1 diabetes] (Book chapter of The Hygiene Hypothesis and Darwinian Medicine)
* 2009 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7643-8903-1_9 Inflammatory bowel disease and the hygiene hypothesis: an argument for the role of helminths] (Book chapter of The Hygiene Hypothesis and Darwinian Medicine]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20054978/ Helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules] (Book chapter of Pathogen-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules)
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20054977/ Immunomodulatory activity and therapeutic potential of the filarial nematode secreted product, ES-62]
* 2009 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19670531/ Nematode infections in mice--an experimental model of immunoregulation] (Polish)
* 2009 [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Anti-tumoral-effect-of-Trichinella-spirialis-on-1-6-Yuanyuan-Pengtao/a33a46afcaea9367649cef72b0b38dab72924042 Anti-tumoral effect of Trichinella spirialis on Hepa 1-6 hepatoma carcinoma cell in the C57BL/6 mice]
* 2009 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/254d42ef-7bb3-4b3d-8e2f-46d207221bd3 Regulatory T cell induction and function] (Thesis)
* 2009 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3121082/ Helminth Parasites and Allergic Disease in Vietnam: Do Gut Worms Protect against Allergic Sensitisation, Asthma, Eczema, and Hay Fever?] (Book review)
* 200 [http://ww.pro-folia.org/files/1/2009/2/editorial.pdf Worms - friend or foe? The new 'old friends' hypothesis']

=== 2008 ===
* 2008 Dec 1 [https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article-abstract/14/suppl_3/S43/4654709?redirectedFrom=fulltext Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Trichuris muris] -- [https://www.proquest.com/openview/3bd735c598cafbc4147259d6eaa99393/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=996336 PDF] (Conference)
* 2008 Dec 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19288916/ Suppression effect of different stage antigens of Schistosoma japonicum on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma] (Chinese)
* 2008 Dec 18 [https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1318 Efeito da exposição a extratos parasitários na indução de rinite alérgica em camundongos] (Post-graduate, Portuguese)
* 2008 Dec 12 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/b11e1189-8973-4835-97d7-db45166fc72b Influence of a nematode immunomodulator and nematode infection on two allergy models] (Thesis, Berlin)
* 2008 Dec [https://cdn.mdedge.com/files/s3fs-public/issues/articles/70369_main_18.pdf Is Exposure to Helminths Needed for Immunity?]
* 2008 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18619749/ Helminthes et maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0399832008003187 Full text] (French)
* 2008 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19008120/ PAS-1, a protein from Ascaris suum, modulates allergic inflammation via IL-10 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-12]
* 2008 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18710859/ Coinfection with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus markedly reduces hepatic egg-induced immunopathology and proinflammatory cytokines in mouse models of severe schistosomiasis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2573333/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2573333/pdf/0673-08.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18631351/ Protection from skin test reactivity by helminth infections: Trichuris trichiura induces protection in the long term]
* 2008 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18547322 Early infection with Trichuris trichiura and allergen skin test reactivity in later childhood] (TTO)
* 2008 Oct 17 [https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/5e5c2b6e-2cae-4311-8e7c-b9e262f4d76c Characterization of the T-cell response to an intestinal nematode infection] (Thesis, Berlin)
* 2008 Oct 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18653284/ Immunization of proteins from Toxascaris leonina adult worm inhibits allergic specific Th2 response]
* 2008 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18644879/ Anti-Inflammatory mechanisms of enteric Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection against trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in a murine model] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2546858/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2546858/pdf/0744-07.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18654798 Schistosoma japonicum infection modulates the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation in mice]
* 2008 Sep 30 [https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13120 Helminth infections induce immunomodulation : consequences and mechanisms] (Doctoral thesis)
* 2008 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20525133 The changing microbial environment and chronic inflammatory disorders] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868866/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868866/pdf/1710-1492-4-3-117.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Sep 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18777588/ Helminth infections and intestinal inflammation] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744001/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744001/pdf/WJG-14-5125.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18682103 Parasitic nematode modulation of allergic disease]
* 2008 Aug 21 [https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/3674 Filarial nematodes protect against malaria in a murine co-infection model] (Thesis, Bonn)
* 2008 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18684931/ Colonization with Heligmosomoides polygyrus suppresses mucosal IL-17 production] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4242718/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4242718/pdf/nihms643265.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18655096 Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells]
* 2008 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18509678 Decreased basal non-insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by diaphragm in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni]
* 2008 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18628388/ Helminths as governors of inflammatory bowel disease]
* 2008 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18578001 The role of regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis]
* 2008 Jun 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18561863/ Therapeutic immunomodulators from nematode parasites]
* 2008 Jun 4 https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20083141476 [Effect of Trichinella on growth of human colorectal carcinoma HCT-8 cells in BALB/c mice]
* 2008 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18467916/ The role of domestic hygiene in inflammatory bowel diseases: hepatitis A and worm infestations]
* 2008 Jun [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S152169180700176X Eosinophilia during intestinal infection]
* 2008 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18411290/ Protective effect of an extract from Ascaris suum in experimental arthritis models] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/18411290/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2423060/pdf/1085-07.pdf PDF]
* 2008 May 21 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18509490 Worms and the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: are molecules the answer?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396220/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396220/pdf/CDI2008-567314.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2008 May 4 [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/e/e4/Hookworm.pdf Potential Transmission of Pathogens Between Human Hosts by the Hookworm, Necator Americanus] (PDF)
* 2008 Apr 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18462167 Intensity of intestinal infection with multiple worm species is related to regulatory cytokine output and immune hyporesponsiveness]
* 2008 Apr 16 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18414649/ Lower expression of TLR2 and SOCS-3 is associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection and with lower risk for allergic reactivity in children living in a rural area in Ghana]
* 2008 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17704067/ The phosphorycholine moiety of the filarial nematode immunomodulator ES-62 is responsible for its anti-inflammatory action in arthritis] -- [https://ard.eular.org/article/S0003-4967(24)21848-3/abstract Full text]
* 2008 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18226814/ Trichinella spiralis: modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014489407003141?via%3Dihub Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2008 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18322239 A helminth immunomodulator reduces allergic and inflammatory responses by induction of IL-10- producing macrophages] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/180/6/4265.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/180/6/4265.full.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Mar 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18322239/ A helminth immunomodulator reduces allergic and inflammatory responses by induction of IL-10-producing macrophages]
* 2008 Feb 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18209076 Helminth infection with Litomosoides sigmodontis induces regulatory T cells and inhibits allergic sensitization, airway inflammation, and hyperreactivity in a murine asthma model] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/180/3/1792.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/180/3/1792.full.pdf PDF]
* 2008 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18304263/ Association of atopy, asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and intestinal helminth infections in Cuban children] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01988.x Full text]
* 2008 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18207251 Soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma japonicum modulates the progression of chronic progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via Th2-shift response] (Multiple sclerosis)
* 2008 Jan 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18186549 Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: a critical review of the literature] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675108/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675108/pdf/WJG-14-165.pdf PDF] (IBD)
* 2008 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18055264/ Interplay of parasite-driven immune responses and autoimmunity] -- [https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/abstract/S1471-4922(07)00289-9 Full text]
* 2008 Jan [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259931316_The_Role_of_Helminthes_in_Human_Evolution_Implications_for_Global_Health_in_the_21st_Century The role of helminthes in human evolution implications for global health in the 21st century]
* 2008 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18802342/ T-cell regulation in helminth parasite infections: implications for inflammatory diseases] -- [https://books.google.fr/books?id=V_g3EQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA112&ots=Pssfhp9Ovz&dq=encephalomyelitis%20helminth&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA112#v=onepage&q&f=false PDF]
* 2008 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18486690/ Atopic disorders and parasitic infections]
* 2008 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18193360/ Pathogen induced regulatory cell populations preventing allergy through the Th1/Th2 paradigm point of view]
* 2008 [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Observation-of-trichinella-on-C6-glioma-in-BALB-c-Li-dan/22fbcb80d520af9403ab488c046cbb84cb053796 Observation of trichinella on C6 glioma in BALB/c mice]
* 2008 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/b4d03304-fe8d-4064-814c-e6122baf4a7a The relationship between Ascaris lumbricoides and malaria in children aged 1-4 years] (Thesis)
* 2008 [https://www.ekjm.org/journal/view.php?number=18475 Therapy using trichuris suis ova in a patient with crohn's disease] -- [https://www.ekjm.org/upload/7405s007.pdf PDF] (Korean)
* 2008 [https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/29280/ Parasitic worms to treat human disease] (Conference)

=== 2007 ===

* 2007 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18007680 Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2258092/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2258092/pdf/nihms40971.pdf PDF]
* 2007 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18209931/ Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development in Lewis rats from a conventional animal facility] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/YP6HmL6fSnbZkKSqSdYGvhz/?lang=en Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2007 Nov [https://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v13/n11/full/nm1107-1288.html Worms tame mast cells] | [[media:Worms tame mast cells.pdf | PDF]]
* 2007 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17952092 Inhibition of FceRI-mediated mast cell responses by ES-62, a product of parasitic filarial nematodes] | [[media:Inhibition of mast cell responses by ES-62.pdf |PDF]]
* 2007 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17619029 The hygiene hypothesis and the increasing prevalence of chronic inflammatory disorders]
* 2007 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17689595/ Protective effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on allergic airway inflammation depends on the intensity and chronicity of infection]
* 2007 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606601/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus promotes regulatory T-cell cytokine production in the murine normal distal intestine] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1951154/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1951154/pdf/0358-07.pdf PDF]
* 2007 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17433300 Schistosoma japonicum eggs modulate the activity of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and prevent development of colitis in mice]
* 2007 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17650182/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection down-regulates eotaxin concentration and CCR3 expression on lung eosinophils in murine allergic pulmonary inflammation]
* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17499858/ Paralysis of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell response in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.jni-journal.com/article/S0165-5728(07)00123-3/abstract Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17576364 Stage-specific immune responses in human Necator americanus infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1976388/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1976388/pdf/pim0029-0347.pdf PDF] (NA)
* 2007 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19804227/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome and beyond]
* 2007 Jun 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17544832/ Chronic helminth infections induce immunomodulation: consequences and mechanisms] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0171298507000307 Full text]
* 2007 Jun 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17599602/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: the ANTHEM-TIMI-32 trial]
* 2007 Jun 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17852030/ Chronic helminth infections modulate allergen-specific immune responses: Protection against development of allergic disorders?] -- [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07853890701436765 Full text]
* 2007 May 4 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17457783/ Allergies and parasites] (German)
* 2007 May-Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17906796 Interrelationship among asthma, atopy, and helminth infections] -- [https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-37132007000300016&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Full text] | [https://www.scielo.br/pdf/jbpneu/v33n3/en_14.pdf PDF]
* 2007 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17488925 An inverse relationship between autoimmune liver diseases and Strongyloides stercoralis infection] -- [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/76/5/972.long Full text] | [https://www.ajtmh.org/content/76/5/972.full.pdf PDF]
* 2007 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17447233 Helminths, allergic disorders and IgE-mediated immune responses: where do we stand?] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200737314/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200737314/epdf PDF]
* 2007 Apr 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17372014 Infection with a helminth parasite prevents experimental colitis via a macrophage-mediated mechanism] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/7/4557.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/7/4557.full.pdf PDF]
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17206504 The use of Trichuris suis and other helminth therapies to treat Crohn's disease] (TSO)
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17313951 Helminths as governors of immune-mediated inflammation]
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17504662/ Modulation of anaphylaxis by helminth-derived products in animal models]
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17408663 Helminth infection enhances disease in a murine TH2 model of colitis]
* 2007 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17241663/ Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens are internalized by human dendritic cells through multiple C-type lectins and suppress TLR-induced dendritic cell activation]
* 2007 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360880 Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasites are not detrimental to the nutritional status of Amerindians] -- [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6446118_Helicobacter_pylori_and_intestinal_parasites_are_not_detrimental_to_the_nutritional_status_of_Amerindians Full text (PDF)]
* 2007 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17318233/ Suppression of TH2-type allergic reactions by helminth infection]
* 2007 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17092505/ Characterization of the immuno-regulatory response to the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta in the non-permissive mouse host] (HDC)
* 2007 Feb 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17122383/ Helminth-derived products inhibit the development of allergic responses in mice] -- [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200601-054OC Full text]
* 2007 Feb 10 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17292747/ Does helminth elimination promote or prevent malaria?]
* ✅⚡2007 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17230481 Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis] -- [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/e/ec/Association_Between_Parasite_Infection_and_Immune_Responses_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_.pdf PDF] (Also reported by Science Daily [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070117091058.htm] and the BBC. [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6268585.stm]) This was the first study to explore the effect of helminth infection on immune response and the natural course of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It showed that MS progressed much more slowly in patients who hosted intestinal worms.
* 2007 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17284099 Iatrogenic Trichuris suis infection] (TSO)
* 2007 Feb [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/items/1b591771-d853-4663-8797-eacbf190d800 Helminth-induced changes in pulmonary immunity: Alternatively activated alveolar macrophages and modulation of responses to allergen challenge] -- [https://www.proquest.com/openview/17ed0ff94edfac5feec7703152ddd92e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 Full text] (Thesis)
* 2007 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17043101 Inhibition of autoimmune type 1 diabetes by gastrointestinal helminth infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1828378/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1828378/pdf/0664-06.pdf PDF]
* 2007 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17042799 Schistosoma japonicum egg antigens stimulate CD4 CD25 T cells and modulate airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1890919/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1890919/pdf/imm0120-0008.pdf PDF]
* 2007 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17534075 Regulation of the immune system in metazoan parasite infections]
* 2007 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412520 Autism, asthma, inflammation, and the hygiene hypothesis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048743/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048743/pdf/nihms-29963.pdf PDF]
* 2007 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17912815/ Regulation of the immune response in BALb/c mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus] (Polish)
* 2007 [https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2007-988615 Schwerer Schub einer Pancolitis ulcerosa nach Eradikation von Enterobius vermicularis – Pathophysiologie der protektiven Wirkung einer intestinalen Helminthose bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen] (Conference, German)

=== 2006 ===
* 2006 Dec 12 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17159130 Multiple sclerosis and the hygiene hypothesis]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17157661 Poor sanitation and helminth infection protect against skin sensitization in Vietnamese children: A cross-sectional study]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16966410/ Ascaris suum-derived products suppress mucosal allergic inflammation in an interleukin-10-independent manner via interference with dendritic cell function]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17149943/ Therapeutic colonization with Trichuris suis]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17285203/ Soil-transmitted helminths and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and the role of nitric oxide in malaria and geohelminth co-infection. Do worms have a protective role in P. falciparum infection?]
* 2006 Nov 22 [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/4986 Helminth infections, allergic disorders and immune responses: studies in Indonesia] (Thesis)
* 2006 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17042933 Helminths and HIV infection: epidemiological observations on immunological hypotheses] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636684/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636684/pdf/pim0028-0613.pdf PDF]
* ✅ 2006 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17123987 Dose-ranging study for trials of therapeutic infection with Necator americanus in humans] This study explored the dose of hookworms that would be required to have a therapeutic effect on asthma. (NA)
* 2006 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17042933 Helminths and HIV infection: epidemiological observations on immunological hypotheses] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636684/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636684/pdf/pim0028-0613.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Oct-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17343086 Intestinal helminths: a clue explaining the low incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases in Subsaharan Africa? Potential benefits and hazards of helminth therapy] (IBD)
* 2006 Oct-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17343085 The hygiene hypothesis and inflammatory bowel diseases: role of helminths] (IBD)
* 2006 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16965287 Parasitic worms and inflammatory diseases] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618732/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618732/pdf/pim0028-0515.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17068271 What is the origin of ulcerative colitis? Still more questions than answers] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653902/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653902/pdf/620.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16965288 Worms and allergy] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00894.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00894.x/epdf PDF]
* 2006 Sep 8 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16965284 Immune modulation by helminthic infections: worms and viral infections]
* 2006 Sep 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16778161 Asthma and current intestinal parasite infection: systematic review and meta-analysis]
* 2006 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17308794 Schistosoma mansoni antigen-driven interleukin-10 production in infected asthmatic individuals] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/LXLmtQzKbnJKMgZTzv7RfdL/?lang=en Full text] | [https://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v101s1/v101s1a55.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17100400/ Parasitic infections and allergy--a review]
* 2006 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16926388/ Innate immune responses to lung-stage helminth infection induce alternatively activated alveolar macrophages] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1594865/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1594865/pdf/0687-06.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16849471 Intestinal helminths protect in a murine model of asthma] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/177/3/1628.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/177/3/1628.full.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16879310/ The role of TGF-beta in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus]
* 2006 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890593 Allergy controls the population density of Necator americanus in the small intestine] (NA) Also see [[Hookworm dosing and response#Is there a constitutive limit on colony size? | '''Is there a constitutive limit on colony size?''']].
* 2006 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17057216 Helminths and mucosal immune modulation]
* 2006 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16750534 A time course study of immunological responses in Trichuris suis infected pigs demonstrates induction of a local type 2 response associated with worm burden] (TSO)
* 2006 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16773382/ Atopic dermatitis: The hygiene hypothesis: Prevention through helminth infections?] (German)
* 2006 Jun-dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17162358/ Protective Role of Helminthiasis in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/17402520600876895 Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2270757/pdf/CDI-13-159.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16689863 Prevention of psoriasis-like lesions development in fsn/fsn mice by helminth glycans]
* 2006 Jun [https://www.ovid.com/journals/paraim/abstract/00006406-200606000-00036~worms-and-allergies-pitfalls-and-opportunities Worms and allergies: Pitfalls and opportunities] (Conference)
* 2006 May 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16698413/ Effect of albendazole treatments on the prevalence of atopy in children living in communities endemic for geohelminth parasites: a cluster-randomised trial] (Lancet) (Comment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16698395/ Worms, asthma, and the hygiene hypothesis])
* 2006 May-Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22886766/ Filarial nematode secreted product ES-62 is an anti-inflammatory agent: therapeutic potential of small molecule derivatives and ES-62 peptide mimetics]
* 2006 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16630018 Regulatory T cells in human disease and their potential for therapeutic manipulation] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782265/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782265/pdf/imm0118-0001.pdf PDF]
* 2006 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16673007 Mechanisms of disease: the hygiene hypothesis revisited]
* 2006 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16683891/ Iatrogenic Trichuris suis infection in a patient with Crohn disease] | [https://meridian.allenpress.com/aplm/article/130/5/718/459879/Iatrogenic-Trichuris-suis-Infection-in-a-Patient Full text]
* 2006 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16495568/ Amelioration of influenza-induced pathology in mice by coinfection with Trichinella spiralis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1418664/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1418664/pdf/1563-05.pdf]
* 2006 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16512799 Environmental exposures, genetic predisposition and allergic diseases: one size never fits all] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01104.x/abstract Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01104.x/epdf PDF]
* 2006 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16512800 Helminths can protect themselves against rejection inhibiting hostile respiratory allergy symptoms] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00983.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00983.x/epdf PDF]
* 2006 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16630145/ Too clean, or not too clean: the hygiene hypothesis and home hygiene] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1448690/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1448690/pdf/cea_2463.pdf PDF]
* 2006 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16384780 The hygiene hypothesis and atopy: bring back the parasites?]
* ✅ 2006 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16344586 A proof of concept study establishing Necator americanus in Crohn's patients and reservoir donors] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856386/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856386/pdf/136.pdf PDF] Investigated whether Crohn’s disease patients would tolerate a hookworm infection, and the practical issues associated with establishing reservoir donors for this species. (NA)
* 2006 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16365404/ Helminth-modified pulmonary immune response protects mice from allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness]
* 2006 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16260169/ Helicobacter pylori and Schistosoma japonicum co-infection in a Chinese population: helminth infection alters humoral responses to H. pylori and serum pepsinogen I/II ratio] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457905002200?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2006 Jan [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/beneficial-helminth-parasite/6965C03BAD31F78F8171B1C6BB7C7333 The beneficial helminth parasite?]
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17204485/ Human allergy and geohelminth infections: a review of the literature and a proposed conceptual model to guide the investigation of possible causal associations] -- [https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article-abstract/79-80/1/203/327019 Full text]
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16413997 Geohelminth infections: impact on allergic diseases]
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210899 Helminth-induced immunoregulation of an allergic response to food] (food allergy)
* 2006 [https://turkiyeparazitolderg.org/articles/allergic-diseases-and-parasitosis/22746 Allergic Diseases and Parasitosis] (Turkish)
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210910/ Regulatory T cells induced by parasites and the modulation of allergic responses]
* 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=0Z-lndxRzgoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Parasites and Allergy] (Book)
* 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=0Z-lndxRzgoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false The mutual influence of nematode infection and allergy] (Book chapter of Parasites and Allergy)
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210905/ Glycans modulate immune responses in helminth infections and allergy] (Book chapter of Parasites and Allergy)
* 2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210901/ Human schistosomiasis decreases immune responses to allergens and clinical manifestations of asthma] - [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=0Z-lndxRzgoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA29&sig=PXKgOTGnr8QNZPDNd-ck6ihbcDY#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Book] (Book chapter of "Parasites and Allergy")

=== 2005 ===
* 2005 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16202576/ Infections and allergy - helminths, hygiene and host immune regulation] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0952791505001536?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2005 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16354824/ Association of Schistosoma haematobium infection with protection against acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Malian children]
* 2006 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16905262/ Progressive tissue injury in burns is reduced by rNAPc2]
* 2005 Nov 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16275759 Suppression of allergic airway inflammation by helminth-induced regulatory T cells] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213237/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213237/pdf/20042572.pdf PDF]
* 2005 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16232230 Immune responses following experimental human hookworm infection] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809522/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809522/pdf/cei0142-0398.pdf PDF]
* 2005 Oct-Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16179034/ Have gastrointestinal nematodes outwitted the immune system?]
* 2005 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16131911/ The role of helminth infections in protection from atopic disorders]
* 2005 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16131913/ Immunologic responses to common antigens in helminthic infections and allergic disease]
* 2005 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15959781/ Role of helminths in regulating mucosal inflammation] | [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00281-005-0209-3 Full text]
* 2005 Sep [https://www.ovid.com/journals/excim/abstract/10.1586/1744666x.1.3.311~news-in-brief?redirectionsource=fulltextview A role for worms in preventing asthma and reducing allergies]
* 2005 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16143151/ Worms, germs and IBD: is it your mother's fault?]
* 2005 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15969681/ Worm infestation and the negative association with eczema (atopic/nonatopic) and allergic sensitization]
* 2005 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15990650/ Worm therapy for ulcerative colitis: a possible link to regulatory T cells]
* ✅ 2005 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16008666 Old friends for breakfast] Suggested that a symbiotic relationship exists between humans and the fauna that have co-evolved in the human GI tract.
* 2005 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15905584 Neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody blocks the protective effect of tapeworm infection in a murine model of chemically induced colitis] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/11/7368.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/11/7368.full.pdf PDF] (HDC)
* 2005 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15941957 Intestinal helminthiasis in Colombian children promotes a Th2 response to Helicobacter pylori: possible implications for gastric carcinogenesis]
* 2005 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15864275/ A worm's eye view of the immune system: consequences for evolution of human autoimmune disease] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nri1601 Full text]
* 2005 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15825092/ A novel approach to the treatment of ulcerative colitis: Is it kosher?]
* 2005 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15780835/ Parasite role reversal: worms on trial]
* 2005 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15825065 Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial] -- [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(05)00025-9/pdf PDF] (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4) (Comment: 2005 Jul [https://www.ovid.com/journals/jpga/abstract/10.1097/01.mpg.0000170602.88263.8b~worm-therapy-for-ulcerative-colitis-a-possible-link-to Worm therapy for ulcerative colitis: a possible link to regulatory T cells])
* 2005 Mar 21 [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)04088-6/fulltext Infection with Litosomoides sigmodontis suppresses allergen-induced sensitization and pulmonary inflammation in a murine asthma model] (Conference)
* 2005 Mar 20 [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)03733-9/fulltext Immune response in asthma: Down modulation by Schistosoma mansoni infection] (Conference)
* 2005 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15730384 Low dose chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection increases susceptibility to Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809318/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809318/pdf/cei0139-0398.pdf PDF]
* 2005 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15784107/ Wheeze, allergic sensitization and geohelminth infection in Butajira, Ethiopia]
* 2005 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15710972/ Microbes, immunoregulation, and the gut] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1774411/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1774411/pdf/gut05400317.pdf PDF]
* 2005 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15677912 Gastrointestinal parasites: potential therapy for refractory inflammatory bowel diseases] (IBD)
* 2005 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16265104/ Is there a role for helminths in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease?]
* 2005 Feb [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)03941-7/fulltext Anti-Helminth Treatment Lead to a Reduction on Asthma Severity] -- [ https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)03942-9/pdf PDF]
* 2005 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15729428/ The increasing prevalence of Crohn's disease in industrialized societies: the price of progress?]
* ✅ 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15591509 Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn's disease] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774382/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774382/pdf/gut05400087.pdf PDF] TSO is shown to offer a unique, safe and effective alternative treatment for Crohn's disease, and potentially protection against other immunological disorders. (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4). (Comment 2005 Aug [https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article-abstract/11/8/783/4685898?login=false Why Trichuris suis should prove safe for use in inflammatory bowel diseases] and 2005 Aug [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(05)01201-1/fulltext Trichuris suis therapy for ulcerative colitis: nonresponsive patients may need anti-helminth therapy. Reply])
* 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15591496 Will worms really cure Crohn's disease?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774348/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774348/pdf/gut05400006.pdf PDF](see pages 6-8)
* 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15687885 Helminths and the modulation of mucosal inflammation]
* 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15591883 The hygiene hypothesis and asthma]
* 2005 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15659262/ Helminth infections: protection from atopic disorders]
* 2005 Jan [https://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/items/e9c5d188-7946-4236-988b-779cb8ce7e32 Parasitic infection: Good or bad for the hygiene hypothesis?]
* 2005 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16278064/ Infections and autoimmune diseases]
* 2005 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15780483 Can worms defend our hearts? Chronic helminthic infections may attenuate the development of cardiovascular diseases]
* 2005 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16249415 Helminth infection during pregnancy and development of infantile eczema]
* 2005 [https://elib.tiho-hannover.de/receive/etd_mods_00002266 Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von parasitären Antigenen auf die Typ-I-Allergie beim Sommerekzem des Pferdes] (Thesis, German)
* 2005 [https://www.tara.tcd.ie/items/c095a651-dc4f-4230-85d5-a1d2cc27291c Schistosoma mansoni modulation of allergic responses] (Thesis)

=== 2004 ===
* 2004 Dec 14 [https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/17767.php Parasitic worms may offer effective treatment for Crohn's disease Medical] News Today
* 2004 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15580240/ The worm has turned]
* 2004 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15554921 Parasitic helminths tip the balance: potential anti-inflammatory therapies] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782598/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782598/pdf/imm0113-0438.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15528374 Helminth infection protects mice from anaphylaxis via IL-10-producing B cells] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/10/6346.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/10/6346.full.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499536/ Impaired T helper 2 response to aeroallergen in helminth-infected patients with asthma]
* 2004 Nov-Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15771681/ Intestinal worms and human allergy]
* 2004 Nov [https://era.ed.ac.uk/items/592d17b9-4d83-4ed2-949b-9fd06bb2440f Hygiene hypothesis-helminth infection and immune regulation] (Thesis, Edinburgh)
* 2004 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15308620/ Graves' hyperthyroidism and the hygiene hypothesis in a mouse model] -- [https://academic.oup.com/endo/article-abstract/145/11/5075/2500382 Full text]
* 2004 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15573869/ Can helminth antigens be exploited therapeutically to downregulate pathological Th1 responses?]
* 2004 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15771680/ The immunoepidemiology of human hookworm infection]
* 2004 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15703683/ Increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: the price of the decline of infectious burden?]
* 2004 Oct 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486631 Schistosoma mansoni infection modulates the immune response against allergic and auto-immune diseases] -- [https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762004000900005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Full text] | [https://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v99s1/v99s1a05.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15368285/ Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits established colitis in IL-10-deficient mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eji.200324833 Full text]
* 2004 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15361235 Helminth parasites--masters of regulation]
* 2004 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15294988 A Secreted Protein from the Human Hookworm Necator americanus Binds Selectively to NK Cells and Induces IFN-{gamma} Production] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/4/2699.long Full text] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/8/8a/A_Secreted_Protein.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15265954 Schistosoma mansoni and alpha-galactosylceramide: prophylactic effect of Th1 Immune suppression in a mouse model of Graves' hyperthyroidism] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/3/2167.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/173/3/2167.full.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486632/ Schistosomiasis protects against multiple sclerosis] -- [https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/57rccxQr5bndK9xbnNLYfwq/?lang=en&format=html Full text]
* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486631/ Schistosoma mansoni infection modulates the immune response against allergic and auto-immune diseases]
* 2004 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15278438/ Nematode parasites and scrapie: experiments in sheep and mice]
* 2004 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15247451 Immunotherapy. Can worms tame the immune system?]
* 2004 Jul 9 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15247452/ Wielding worms at asthma and autoimmunity] -- [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.305.5681.171 Full text] (Science)
* 2004 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15193562/ Infection and autoimmunity: are we winning the war, only to lose the peace?]
* 2004 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15196202 The increased prevalence of allergy and the hygiene hypothesis: missing immune deviation, reduced immune suppression, or both?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782506/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782506/pdf/imm0112-0352.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Jun 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15181580/ Inhibition of the tissue factor/factor VIIa pathway does not influence the inflammatory or antibacterial response to abdominal sepsis induced by Escherichia coli in mice]
* 2004 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15330453 A review of autism and the immune response] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2270714/pdf/CDI-11-165.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15167035/ The hygiene theory: fact or fiction?]
* 2004 Apr 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15063594/ Helminths at mucosal barriers--interaction with the immune system]
* 2004 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15039389 Helminth infection modulates the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation] -- [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/4/585.long Full text] | [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/4/585.full.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15059190/ Low frequency of positive skin tests in asthmatic patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni exposed to high levels of mite allergens]
* 2004 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15146107/ Allergies and parasitoses in sub-Saharan Africa]
* 2004 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14976607/ Long-term treatment of intestinal helminths increases mite skin-test reactivity in Gabonese schoolchildren] -- [https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/189/5/892/2085835?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Full text]
* 2004 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15279624 Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment by ES of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00692.x/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00692.x/epdf PDF]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755070/ Parasites and allergy: from IgE to Th1/Th2 and beyond]
* 2004 Feb [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009167490400452X Schistosoma mansoni down-regulate type 2 immune response and reduce severity of asthma]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755074 Regulation of allergy and autoimmunity in helminth infection]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755076 The innate allergenicity of helminth parasites]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755071/ The potential impact of early exposures to geohelminth infections on the development of atopy]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15007629 Mycobacteria and other environmental organisms as immunomodulators for immunoregulatory disorders]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755072 Parasites and the hygiene hypothesis: regulating the immune system?]
* 2004 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14755073 Helminth infections and allergic diseases: from the Th2 paradigm to regulatory networks]
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14717968/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, an inhibitor of tissue factor/factor VIIa, attenuates coagulation and the interleukin-10 response in human endotoxemia]
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14684583 Concurrent infection with Schistosoma mansoni attenuates inflammation induced changes in colonic morphology, cytokine levels, and smooth muscle contractility of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in rats] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773910/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773910/pdf/gut05300099.pdf PDF]
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14723608 Helminths as therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease] (IBD)
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14684567 Helminths and harmony] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773927/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773927/pdf/gut05300007.pdf PDF](Pages 7-9)
* 2004 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14678327/ Immune biasing by helminth glycans] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00337.x Full text]
* 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=vwRiGGQBOA4C&lpg=PA97&ots=kwFo4DvVYG&lr&hl=fr&pg=PA97#v=onepage&q&f=false The Induction of Immunoregulation Prevents the Development of Immunopathology in Chronic Helminth Infections and Allergy] (book chapter from Allergic Diseases and the Environment)
* 2004 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14965305/ Molecules of parasites as immunomodulatory drugs]

=== 2003 ===
* 2003 Dec 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14683653/ Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys]
* 2003 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14584087/ Echinococcus against cancer: why not?]
* 2003 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12970139/ Neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) downregulates the onset of intestinal inflammation in the nematode infected mouse] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1773836/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1773836/pdf/gut05201457.pdf PDF]
* 2003 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933842 Schistosomiasis decreases central nervous system inflammation and alters the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187318/pdf/0223.pdf PDF] (Multiple sclerosis)
* ✅ 2003 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14499784 Trichuris suis seems to be safe and possibly effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease] (IBD) This trial showed that pig whipworm ova (TSO) can reduce symptoms of Crohn’s disease without producing side effects. (Used TSO in the original formulation at pH 2.4)
* 2003 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12949497 Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms]
* 2003 Aug 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12902519 A Novel Therapeutic Approach Targeting Articular Inflammation Using the Filarial Nematode-Derived Phosphorylcholine-Containing Glycoprotein ES-62] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/171/4/2127.long PDF]
* 2003 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714349/ Allergic symptoms, atopy, and geohelminth infections in a rural area of Ecuador] -- [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.200211-1320OC Full text]
* 2003 Jul [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20033136038 Asthma and parasites: new insights]
* 2003 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12805500/ Effects of a selective CD11b/CD18 antagonist and recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator treatment alone and in combination in a rat embolic model of stroke]
* 2003 Jun 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12821239/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, an inhibitor of the tissue factor/factor VIIa complex, in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty]
* 2003 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12008041/ Immunoregulation of CNS autoimmunity by helminth and mycobacterial infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165247802000251?via%3Dihub Full text]
* 2003 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12756068/ Causality or coincidence: may the slow disappearance of helminths be responsible for the imbalances in immune control mechanisms?]
* 2003 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12738598/ Wheezing, allergy, and parasite infection in children in urban and rural Ethiopia] -- [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200210-1204OC Full text]
* 2003 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743563 Reduced risk of atopy among school-age children infected with geohelminth parasites in a rural area of the tropics] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(03)80126-4/fulltext Full text]
* 2003 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743556/ Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with a reduced course of asthma]
* 2003 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12731071 Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate the activity of the innate immune response and prevent onset of type 1 diabetes] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200323910/full Full text] | [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200323910/epdf PDF]
* 2003 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12431903 Exposure to schistosome eggs protects mice from TNBS-induced colitis] -- [https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00049.2002 Full text]
* 2003 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502726 Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by helminth ova immunization] -- [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.long Full text] | [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/59.full.pdf PDF] (Multiple sclerosis)

=== 2002 ===
* 2002 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12512830/ Effect of schistosoma mansoni egg deposition on multiple low doses streptozotocin induced insulin dependent diabetes]
* 2002 Dec [https://www.ovid.com/journals/immus/abstract/00125506-200212001-00158~immunoregulatory-molecules-from-helminths-and-allergy Immunoregulatory molecules from helminths and allergy] (Conference)
* 2002 Nov 28 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/35225947_Th2-responses_and_immunomodulation_in_helminth_infections_and_allergy Th2-responses and immunomodulation in helminth infections and allergy] (thesis)
* ✅ 2002 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379667 Intestinal nematode infection ameliorates experimental colitis in mice] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130294/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130294/pdf/0150.pdf PDF]
* 2002 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12458825 An anti-atherogenic effect of Schistosoma mansoni infections in mice associated with a parasite-induced lowering of blood total cholesterol] (cardiovascular / cholesterol / atherosclerosis)
* 2002 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12569989 Eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness are profoundly inhibited by a helminth (Ascaris suum) extract in a murine model of asthma]
* 2002 Oct 1 [https://www.nature.com/articles/nri921 Worms and allergy — whats going on?]
* 2002 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12362234/ Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, a novel inhibitor of tissue factor-factor VIIa activity, abrogates endotoxin-induced coagulation in chimpanzees]
* 2002 Sep 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12239261 The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases]
* 2002 Sep 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12218148 An enteric helminth infection protects against an allergic response to dietary antigen] -- [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/6/3284.long Full text] | [https://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/6/3284.full.pdf PDF]
* 2002 Jun 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12008041/ Immunoregulation of CNS autoimmunity by helminth and mycobacterial infections] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165247802000251?via%3Dihub Full text] (Multiple Sclerosis)
* 2002 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12066130/ The possible link between de-worming and the emergence of immunological disease]
* 2002 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12067292 Can intestinal helminth infections (geohelminths) affect the development and expression of asthma and allergic disease?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906269/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906269/pdf/cei0128-0398.pdf PDF]
* 2002 Apr 19 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11964470 Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis]
* ✅ 2002 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032638/ A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis?] -- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-002-0801-1 Full text]
* 2002 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878129/ Atopy and helminths]
* 2002 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12227073/ Antitumor cross-resistance of trichinosis] (Russian)

=== 2001 ===
* 2001 Nov 3 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11705561 Independent effects of intestinal parasite infection and domestic allergen exposure on risk of wheeze in Ethiopia: a nested case-control study]
* 2001 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11752881 The prevalence of parasite infestation and house dust mite sensitization in Gabonese schoolchildren]
* 2001 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11585781 Immune responses in hookworm infections] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC89000/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC89000/pdf/cm0401000689.pdf PDF]
* 2001 Sep 7 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11527407/ A factor of inducing IgE from a filarial parasite prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic mice] -- [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006291X01954713 Full text] | [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006291X01954713?via%3Dihub PDF]
* 2001 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11473099/ Is there a predisposition to intestinal parasitosis in diabetic patients?]
* 2001 Jul 1 [https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/abstract/S0966-842X(01)02128-X Intestinal worms and asthma]
* 2001 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11429321 Th2 responses without atopy: immunoregulation in chronic helminth infections and reduced allergic disease]
* 2001 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11401981/ Tapeworm infection reduces epithelial ion transport abnormalities in murine dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]
* 2001 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11344341/ The other side of the coin: the protective role of the TH2 cytokines] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(01)10113-2/fulltext Full text]
* 2001 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11282505 Is Necator americanus approaching a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with humans?] (NA)
* 2001 Apr [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246666157_Th2_responses_to_the_Helminth_Heligmosomoides_polygyrus_reduce_Th1-promoted_epithelial_hyperplasia_in_a_mouse_model_of_Helicobacter_hepaticus-associated_inflammatory_bowel_disease_IBD Th2 Responses to the Helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus reduce Th1-Promoted Epithelial Hyperplasia in a Mouse Model of Helicobacter hepaticus-associated Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)]
* 2001 Mar 30 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11139576/ Role of zymogen and activated factor X as scaffolds for the inhibition of the blood coagulation factor VIIa-tissue factor complex by recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2]
* 2001 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11260163/ Infection of mice with the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis suppresses pulmonary allergic responses to ovalbumin]
* 2001 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11228005/ Schistosomiasis-induced IL-10 suppresses allergy prevalence]

=== 2000 ===
* 2000 Nov 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11095260 Decreased atopy in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium: a role for parasite-induced interleukin-10]
* ✅ 2000 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11032865 Chronic immune activation associated with intestinal helminth infections results in impaired signal transduction and anergy] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC314342/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC314342/pdf/JCI0010182.pdf PDF] This Research found reduced immune responses in patients infected with helminths.
* 2000 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11060486/ Inverse association between skin response to aeroallergens and Schistosoma mansoni infection] -- [https://karger.com/iaa/article-abstract/123/2/145/164187/Inverse-Association-between-Skin-Response-to?redirectedFrom=fulltext Full text]
* ✅ 2000 Sep 14 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10973934 Does the failure to acquire helminthic parasites predispose to Crohn's disease?] -- [https://www.fasebj.org/content/14/12/1848.long Full text] | [https://www.fasebj.org/content/14/12/1848.full.pdf PDF] This paper linking a failure to acquire helminths to the prevalence of Crohn’s disease was key in the development of the Hygiene Hypothesis.
* 2000 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10874727/ Anorexia in rats infected with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: experimental manipulations] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/anorexia-in-rats-infected-with-the-nematode-nippostrongylus-brasiliensis-experimental-manipulations/7B856EDE08497D7A6664BC561515F9A6 Full text]
* 2000 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10782074/ The link between helminthic infection and atopy] (Comment 2001 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11282504/ Helminths and atopy]
* 2000 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10784608 Antigen-specific cellular hyporesponsiveness in a chronic human helminth infection is mediated by T(h)3/T(r)1-type cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta but not by a T(h)1 to T(h)2 shift] -- [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/5/623.long Full text] | [https://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/5/623.full.pdf PDF]
* 2000 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10802709/ Concurrent enteric helminth infection modulates inflammation and gastric immune responses and reduces helicobacter-induced gastric atrophy] -- [https://www.nature.com/articles/nm0500_536 Full text] (comment 2001 Jul [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1728365/ The African enigma: the parasite's perspective])
* 2000 Apr [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(00)82847-4/fulltext Intestinal helminth infection modulates inflammation and reduces gastric atrophy in a mouse model of Helicobacter infection] -- [https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(00)82847-4/pdf PDF]
* 2000 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10672191/ Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with protection from cerebral malaria] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00284.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed Full text]
* 2000 Feb 24 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10810862/ New approach to chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Worm ova by prescription?. Interview by Petra Eiden] (German)
* 2000 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10669838/ Parasites and asthma/allergy: what is the relationship?]
* 2000 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2560630/pdf/11143198.pdf Eradication of helminthic infections may be essential for successful vaccination against HIV and tuberculosis]

=== 1999 ===

* 1999 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10413714/ Parasite infections and the risk of asthma and atopy]

* 1999 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10320614 Infection with Schistosoma mansoni prevents insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3024.1999.00213.x/epdf PDF]

* 1999 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10070669/ Parasite-induced anorexia: leptin, insulin and corticosterone responses to infection with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis] -- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/parasiteinduced-anorexia-leptin-insulin-and-corticosterone-responses-to-infection-with-the-nematode-nippostrongylus-brasiliensis/76BDEE67CDF3E6F7B6502A4706447B01 Full text]

=== 1998 ===
* 1998 Dec [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9844052/ Decreased CD4 and increased CD8 counts with T cell activation is associated with chronic helminth infection] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1905129/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1905129/pdf/cei0114-0414.pdf PDF]
* 1998 Sep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9732925/ Military history of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an epidemiological study among U.S. veterans]
* 1998 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9698148/ Epidemiological evidence for a differential effect of hookworm species, Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, on iron status of children]
* 1998 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9576014/ Oral administration of schistosome egg antigens and insulin B-chain generates and enhances Th2-type responses in NOD mice]
* 1998 Mar 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9498789/ A helminth-induced mucosal Th2 response alters nonresponsiveness to oral administration of a soluble antigen]
* 1998 Inflammatory bowel and celiac disease in [https://archive.org/details/isbn_0125969236 The Autoimmune Diseases] book, Third Edition ( N. R. Rose, and I. R. Mackay, eds) pp. 477–509, Academic Press, San Diego

=== 1997 ===

* 1997 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9347076/ Ethanol consumption suppresses cell-mediated inflammatory responses and increases T-helper type 2 cytokine secretion in Trichinella spiralis-infected rats] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04435.x Full text]
* 1997 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26196592/ The evolutionary context of chronic allergic conditions : The Hiwi of Venezuela]
* 1997 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8980372/ Effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and eosinophilia on age at onset and prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia]
* 1997 [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127052808/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/193176053.pdf The Pro-allergic Influences of Helminth Parasites] (PDF)

=== 1996 ===
* 1996 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8872184 IgE, allergies and helminth parasites: a new perspective on an old conundrum]
* 1996 Jun 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8666804/ Local intestinal immune responses to infections with Trichinella spiralis. Real-time, continuous assay of cytokines in the intestinal (afferent) and efferent thoracic duct lymph of rats]
* 1996 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8565306 Immune dysregulation in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: relevance to helminth infections?] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2200340/pdf/cei0103-0239.pdf PDF]
* 1996 Jan 27 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8600620 Prolongation of rat kidney allograft survival by nematodes]
* 1996 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8537675 Impairment of tetanus toxoid-specific Th1-like immune responses in humans infected with Schistosoma mansoni] -- [https://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/173/1/269.long Full text] | [https://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/173/1/269.full.pdf PDF]

=== 1995 ===
* 1995 Nov 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7594491/ Neutrophil inhibitory factor prevents neutrophil-dependent lung injury]
* 1995 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7761110/ Immunity in humans to Necator americanus: IgE, parasite weight and fecundity] (... / human observational / NA)

=== 1993 ===
* 1993 Nov 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8409444 Modulation of murine cytokine responses to mycobacterial antigens by helminth-induced T helper 2 cell responses]
* 1993 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8403522/ Ascaris reinfection of slum children: relation with the IgE response] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1534372/pdf/ PDF] (... / Human / AL / Oxantel+Pyrantel)
* 1993 Sep 1 [https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/of-parasites-and-pollens Of Parasites and Pollens] - Peter Radetsky, Discover Magazine
* 1993 sept [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8360391/ Effect of anthelmintic treatment on the allergic reactivity of children in a tropical slum] -- [https://www.jacionline.org/article/0091-6749(93)90119-Z/pdf PDF]
* 1993 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8361773 Modulation of the allergic reactivity of slum children by helminthic infection]
* 1993 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8495998/ Atopy and helminth parasites]

=== 1992 ===
* 1992 Aug 1 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1353100/ Influence of resistant and susceptible genotype, IL-1, and lymphoid organ on Trichinella spiralis-induced cytokine secretion]
* 1992 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1399239 The partial characterization of proteases present in the excretory/secretory products and exsheathing fluid of the infective (L3) larva of Necator americanus] (NA)
* 1992 May 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1533656 Infection with Schistosoma mansoni alters Th1/Th2 cytokine responses to a non-parasite antigen]
* 1992 [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19930807967 Parasites and allergic disease: a review of the field and experimental evidence for a 'cause-and-effect' relationship]

=== 1991 ===
* 1991 Oct 15 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1680917 Production of IL-10 by CD4+ T lymphocytes correlates with down-regulation of Th1 cytokine synthesis in helminth infection]
* 1991 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1668995/ Local response in mouse tumor treated with Schistosoma mansoni antigen]

=== 1990 ===

* 1990 Nov [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2083400/ Parasites and allergy: evidence for a 'cause and effect' relationship]

=== 1989 ===
* ✅ 1989 Nov 18 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2513902 Hay fever, hygiene, and household size] -- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1838109/ Full text] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1838109/pdf/bmj00259-0027.pdf PDF] This paper linked exposure to pathogens whilst young to the development of allergic diseases, and was key to the development of the Hygiene Hypothesis.

=== 1988 ===
* 1988 Apr 2 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3129107/ Acute appendicitis and bathrooms in three samples of British children] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2545433/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2545433/pdf/bmj00279-0012.pdf PDF]
=== 1987 ===
* 1987 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3605493/ The clinical and immunologic responses of normal human volunteers to low dose hookworm (Necator americanus) infection] (NA)
* 1987 Jul [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15462956/ Do hookworms elicit protective immunity in man?]
* 1987 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2437589/ Intestinal mucosal mast cells in normal and nematode-infected rat intestines are in intimate contact with peptidergic nerves] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC304783/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC304783/pdf/pnas00274-0420.pdf PDF]
* 1987 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3668458/ Diet, infection, and acute appendicitis in Britain and Ireland] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1052575/ Full text] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1052575/pdf/jepicomh00230-0047.pdf PDF]

=== 1986 ===

* 1986 Jan-Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3120251/ Evolution of sarcoma 180 (ascitic tumor) in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni]

=== 1985 ===
* 1985 Oct [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4083958/ Helminthiasis, mite-allergy and IgE in a homogenous tropical population]
* 1985 Apr 13 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2985169/ Acute appendicitis and dietary fibre: an alternative hypothesis] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1418708/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1418708/pdf/bmjcred00443-0035.pdf PDF]
* 1985 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4054238/ Parasites and asthma--predictive or protective?] (A / comparative)

=== 1982 ===
* 1982 Jul Modulation of immune responses by commensal bacteria and intestinal helminth [https://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:5334/eth-5334-02.pdf PDF]
* 1982 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7099711/ The anti-neoplastic effect of trichinellosis in a syngeneic murine model]
* 1982 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7038958/ Prolonged skin allograft survival in chronic schistosomiasis]

=== 1979 ===
* ✅ 1979 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/447497 Epidemiology of chronic intestinal disease in middle Africa] This was one of several papers noting a North-South gradient for many autoimmune diseases, including Crohn’s, a fact that informed later studies on autoimmunity.
* 1979 Mar [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/437839/ Studies of macrophage function during Trichinella spiralis infection in mice]
* 1979 [https://open.uct.ac.za/items/2c63bbbc-a9df-46f7-b234-6cbcfea3d1b3 The prevalence of asthma in urban and rural Black children : an epidemiological survey] (Thesis, Cape Town)

=== 1978 ===
* 1978 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/635980 Antibody responses in self-infections with Necator americanus] (NA)

=== 1977 ===

* 1977 May [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/326446/ Schistosoma mansoni: impairment of the cell-mediated immune response in mice] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1540768/ Full text]
* 1977 Feb [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/843113/ Rheumatoid arthritis in a tribal Xhosa population in the Transkei, Southern Africa] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1006631/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1006631/pdf/annrheumd00038-0070.pdf PDF]
* 1977 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/591108/ Antineoplastic effects of long-term Trichinella spiralis infection on B-16 melanoma]

=== 1976 ===
* ✅ 1976 Sep 25 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/60540 Letter: IgE, parasites, and allergy] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/f/fd/Letter_-_IgE%2C_parasites%2C_and_allergy_%28Turton%29.pdf PDF] This letter reported the first known successful therapeutic use of the hookworm, Necator americanus, in this case to resolve hay fever. (NA)
* ✅ 1976 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/987744/ Serum IgE levels in white and metis communities in Saskatchewan] This paper's author suggested that atopic disease is the price paid by some members of the white community of northern Saskatchewan for their relative freedom from helminth infestation and viral and bacterial infection.

=== 1975 ===

* 1975 Jul 26 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1154196/ Rheumatic disorders in the South African Negro. Part I. Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis] -- [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA20785135_23957 PDF]
* 1975 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1171819/ The influence of the nematode Syphacia oblevata on adjuvant arthritis in the rat] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1445946 Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1445946/pdf/immunology00307-0165.pdf PDF]
* 1975 Jun [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1139767/ Asthma and IgE levels in rural and urban communities of The Gambia] -- [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1975.tb01853.x Full text]
* 1975 Apr [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1137440/ Rheumatoid arthritis in a rural South African Negro population] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1006361/ Full text] | [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1006361/pdf/annrheumd00027-0021.pdf PDF]

=== 1970 ===
* 1970 (winter) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5498517/ The biology of the atopic response] Twelve naval officers suffering from hay-fever “for some years” were free from hay-fever for an average of 2 years following colonisation with the large roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides.
* 1970 Aug [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5460510/ Increased survival of Swiss mice given sublethal infections of Trichinella spiralis] (Breast cancer)
* 1970 Jan [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4190594/ Can parasitic infection suppress autoimmune disease?] -- [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1810949/ Full text]

=== 1968 ===
* ✅ 1968 Aug 17 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4174413 Autoimmune disease and parasitic infections in Nigerians] | [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/1/1f/Autoimmune_disease_and_parasitic_infections_in_Nigerians.pdf PDF] The author of this paper suggested a possible relationship between parasitic infections and the reduced incidence of autoimmune disease in parts of tropical Africa.

=== 1948 ===
* ✅ 1948 Apr [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5190334/ The Treatment of Polycythemia by Artificial Infection with Ancylostoma Duodenale] This was the first report of the clinical application of helminthic therapy.

=== 1932 ===
* ✅ 1932 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10828911 Regional ileitis: a pathologic and clinical entity] Disease characterised by inflammation of the terminal ileum was first described in this paper. This condition was later to become known as Crohn’s disease.

== Papers published in high impact factor journals ==

This is a selection of articles published in high impact factor journals.

Inclusion in this list in no way means that these particular articles are better than others. The list is also not exhaustive and requires further development.

* Zou Y, Pu L, Guo A, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ding Y, Du X, Guo X, Zhang S, Cai X, Wang S. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266093/ Helminth reshapes host gut microbiota and immunoregulation by deploying an antimicrobial program of innate immunity]. Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2496447. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2496447. Epub 2025 Apr 23. PMID: 40266093; PMCID: PMC12026035.

* Cortez VS, Viragova S, Koga S, Liu M, O'Leary CE, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Schroeder AW, Kochhar N, Vaka D, Boffelli D, Klein OD, Diamond MS, Liang HE, Locksley RM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40914159/ IL-25-induced memory type 2 innate lymphoid cells enforce mucosal immunity]. Cell. 2025 Oct 30;188(22):6220-6235.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.017. Epub 2025 Sep 5. PMID: 40914159.

* Can UI, Stenske SE, Rosenbaum MD, Reinhardt RL. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40543040/ Rapid group-2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization from the intestine aids in early lung defense and repair]. Cell Rep. 2025 Jul 22;44(7):115868. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115868. Epub 2025 Jun 19. PMID: 40543040; PMCID: PMC12352581.

* Lane JI, Nieves-Ortiz E, Ndatabaye O, Fatkhullina AR, Lopez S, Dermody TS, Esterházy D. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40505102/ Intestinal lymphatic vasculature is functionally adapted to different drainage regions and is altered by helminth infection]. J Exp Med. 2025 Jun 12;222(9):e20241181. doi: 10.1084/jem.20241181. Epub 2025 Jun 12. PMID: 40505102; PMCID: PMC12162095.

* Westfall S, Gentile ME, Olsen TM, Karo-Atar D, Bogza A, Röstel F, Pardy RD, Mandato G, Fontes G, Herbert D, Melichar HJ, Abadie V, Richer MJ, Vinh DC, Koenig JFE, Harrison OJ, Divangahi M, Weis S, Gregorieff A, King IL. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40267906/ A type 1 immune-stromal cell network mediates disease tolerance against intestinal infection]. Cell. 2025 Jun 12;188(12):3135-3151.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.043. Epub 2025 Apr 22. PMID: 40267906.

* Carrera Silva EA, Puyssegur J, Errasti AE. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40231720/ Coevolutionary interplay: Helminths-trained immunity and its impact on the rise of inflammatory diseases]. Elife. 2025 Apr 15;14:e105393. doi: 10.7554/eLife.105393. PMID: 40231720; PMCID: PMC12002795.

* Shen C, Zhu X, Chang H, Li C, Hou M, Chen L, Lu Chen, Zhou Z, Ji M, Xu Z. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39321022/ The rebalancing of the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface ameliorates autism-like behavior in adult offspring]. Cell Rep. 2024 Oct 22;43(10):114787. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114787. Epub 2024 Sep 24. PMID: 39321022.

* Burgess MO, Janas P, Berry K, Mayr H, Mack M, Jenkins SJ, Bain CC, McSorley HJ, Schwarze J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38924546/ Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice]. Allergy. 2024 Aug;79(8):2157-2172. doi: 10.1111/all.16206. Epub 2024 Jun 26. PMID: 38924546.

* Sikder S, Pierce D, Sarkar ER, McHugh C, Quinlan KGR, Giacomin P, Loukas A. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38609741/ Regulation of host metabolic health by parasitic helminths]. Trends Parasitol. 2024 May;40(5):386-400. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.03.006. Epub 2024 Apr 11. PMID: 38609741. [https://mywikis-eu-wiki-media.s3.eu-central-2.wasabisys.com/htwiki/Sikder_Trends-in-parasitology-2024.pdf PDF]

* Mules TC, Inns S, Le Gros G. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37449458/ Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction]. Allergy. 2023 Nov;78(11):2892-2905. doi: 10.1111/all.15812. Epub 2023 Jul 14. PMID: 37449458.

* Pierce DR, McDonald M, Merone L, Becker L, Thompson F, Lewis C, Ryan RYM, Hii SF, Zendejas-Heredia PA, Traub RJ, Field MA, Rahman T, Croese J, Loukas A, McDermott R, Giacomin PR. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37495576/ Effect of experimental hookworm infection on insulin resistance in people at risk of type 2 diabetes]. Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 26;14(1):4503. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40263-4. PMID: 37495576; PMCID: PMC10372076.

* Su CW, Chen CY, Mao T, Chen N, Steudel N, Jiao L, Lan J, Fasano A, Walker WA, Shi HN. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36788341/ Maternal helminth infection protects offspring from high-fat-diet-induced obesity through altered microbiota and SCFAs]. Cell Mol Immunol. 2023 Apr;20(4):389-403. doi: 10.1038/s41423-023-00979-1. Epub 2023 Feb 14. PMID: 36788341; PMCID: PMC10066288.

* Maestas DR Jr, Chung L, Han J, Wang X, Sommerfeld SD, Kelly SH, Moore E, Nguyen HH, Mejías JC, Peña AN, Zhang H, Hooks JST, Chin AF, Andorko JI, Berlinicke CA, Krishnan K, Choi Y, Anderson AE, Mahatme R, Mejia C, Eric M, Woo J, Ganguly S, Zack DJ, Zhao L, Pearce EJ, Housseau F, Pardoll DM, Elisseeff JH. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36780522/ Helminth egg derivatives as proregenerative immunotherapies]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Feb 21;120(8):e2211703120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2211703120. Epub 2023 Feb 13. PMID: 36780522; PMCID: PMC9974432.

* Peng J, Sy CB, Ponessa JJ, Lemenze AD, Hernandez CM, Inclan-Rico JM, Sawhney A, Federman HG, Chavan K, Espinosa V, Kotenko SV, Rivera A, Siracusa MC. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36070344/ Monocytes maintain central nervous system homeostasis following helminth-induced inflammation]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Sep 13;119(37):e2201645119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2201645119. Epub 2022 Sep 7. PMID: 36070344; PMCID: PMC9478671.

* Michla M, Wilhelm C. Food for thought - [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36045216/ ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections]. Mucosal Immunol. 2022 Jun;15(6):1234-1242. doi: 10.1038/s41385-022-00559-y. Epub 2022 Aug 31. PMID: 36045216; PMCID: PMC9705246.

* Loke P, Lee SC, Oyesola OO. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35732819/ Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome]. Mucosal Immunol. 2022 Jun;15(6):1224-1233. doi: 10.1038/s41385-022-00532-9. Epub 2022 Jun 22. PMID: 35732819.

* Shinoda K, Choe A, Hirahara K, Kiuchi M, Kokubo K, Ichikawa T, Hoki JS, Suzuki AS, Bose N, Appleton JA, Aroian RV, Schroeder FC, Sternberg PW, Nakayama T. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35210367/ Nematode ascarosides attenuate mammalian type 2 inflammatory responses]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Mar 1;119(9):e2108686119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2108686119. PMID: 35210367; PMCID: PMC8892368.

* Douglas B, Oyesola O, Cooper MM, Posey A, Tait Wojno E, Giacomin PR, Herbert DR. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33646858/ Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths]. Annu Rev Immunol. 2021 Apr 26;39:639-665. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-122827. Epub 2021 Mar 1. PMID: 33646858; PMCID: PMC8162934.

* Zhang B, Gems D. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526169/ Gross ways to live long: Parasitic worms as an anti-inflammaging therapy?] Elife. 2021 Feb 2;10:e65180. doi: 10.7554/eLife.65180. PMID: 33526169; PMCID: PMC7853715.

* Panelli S, Epis S, Cococcioni L, Perini M, Paroni M, Bandi C, Drago L, Zuccotti GV. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32480001/ Inflammatory bowel diseases, the hygiene hypothesis and the other side of the microbiota: Parasites and fungi]. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Sep;159:104962. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104962. Epub 2020 May 30. PMID: 32480001.

* Shimokawa C, Kato T, Takeuchi T, Ohshima N, Furuki T, Ohtsu Y, Suzue K, Imai T, Obi S, Olia A, Izumi T, Sakurai M, Arakawa H, Ohno H, Hisaeda H. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32321922/ CD8+ regulatory T cells are critical in prevention of autoimmune-mediated diabetes]. Nat Commun. 2020 Apr 22;11(1):1922. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15857-x. PMID: 32321922; PMCID: PMC7176710.

* Maizels RM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31187881/ Regulation of immunity and allergy by helminth parasites]. Allergy. 2020 Mar;75(3):524-534. doi: 10.1111/all.13944. Epub 2019 Jul 18. PMID: 31187881.

* Campbell L, Hepworth MR, Whittingham-Dowd J, Thompson S, Bancroft AJ, Hayes KS, Shaw TN, Dickey BF, Flamar AL, Artis D, Schwartz DA, Evans CM, Roberts IS, Thornton DJ, Grencis RK. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31582416/ ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites]. J Exp Med. 2019 Dec 2;216(12):2714-2723. doi: 10.1084/jem.20180610. Epub 2019 Oct 3. PMID: 31582416; PMCID: PMC6888984.

* Gurven MD, Finch CE, Wann LS. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659774/ Are intestinal worms nature's anti-atherosclerosis vaccine?] Eur Heart J. 2018 May 7;39(18):1653. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy129. PMID: 29659774.

* Jang JC, Li J, Gambini L, Batugedara HM, Sati S, Lazar MA, Fan L, Pellecchia M, Nair MG. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29133417/ Human resistin protects against endotoxic shock by blocking LPS-TLR4 interaction]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Nov 28;114(48):E10399-E10408. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1716015114. Epub 2017 Nov 13. PMID: 29133417; PMCID: PMC5715788.

* McFarlane AJ, McSorley HJ, Davidson DJ, Fitch PM, Errington C, Mackenzie KJ, Gollwitzer ES, Johnston CJC, MacDonald AS, Edwards MR, Harris NL, Marsland BJ, Maizels RM, Schwarze J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196762/ Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota]. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Oct;140(4):1068-1078.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.016. Epub 2017 Feb 11. PMID: 28196762; PMCID: PMC6485385.

* Savage N. [https://doi.org/10.1038/540S103a Q&A: Joel Weinstock]. Nature. 2016 Dec 21;540(7634):S103. doi: 10.1038/540S103a. PMID: 28002396.

* Loukas A, Hotez PJ, Diemert D, Yazdanbakhsh M, McCarthy JS, Correa-Oliveira R, Croese J, Bethony JM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929101/ Hookworm infection]. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Dec 8;2:16088. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.88. PMID: 27929101.

* Maizels RM, McSorley HJ. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27476889/ Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites]. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Sep;138(3):666-675. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.007. Epub 2016 Jul 29. PMID: 27476889; PMCID: PMC5010150.

* Chen Z, Andreev D, Oeser K, Krljanac B, Hueber A, Kleyer A, Voehringer D, Schett G, Bozec A. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27273006/ Th2 and eosinophil responses suppress inflammatory arthritis]. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 7;7:11596. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11596. PMID: 27273006; PMCID: PMC4899615.

* Ramanan D, Bowcutt R, Lee SC, Tang MS, Kurtz ZD, Ding Y, Honda K, Gause WC, Blaser MJ, Bonneau RA, Lim YA, Loke P, Cadwell K. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27080105/ Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity]. Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):608-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3229. Epub 2016 Apr 14. PMID: 27080105; PMCID: PMC4905769.

* Williamson LL, McKenney EA, Holzknecht ZE, Belliveau C, Rawls JF, Poulton S, Parker W, Bilbo SD. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26162711/ Got worms? Perinatal exposure to helminths prevents persistent immune sensitization and cognitive dysfunction induced by early-life infection]. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Jan;51:14-28. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.006. Epub 2015 Jul 7. PMID: 26162711. [https://laurenlwilliamson.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/williamson-et-al-2016-helminths.pdf pdf].

* Wammes LJ, Mpairwe H, Elliott AM, Yazdanbakhsh M. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24981042/ Helminth therapy or elimination: epidemiological, immunological, and clinical considerations]. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Nov;14(11):1150-1162. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70771-6. Epub 2014 Jun 26. PMID: 24981042.

* Weinstock JV. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23135449/ Autoimmunity: The worm returns]. Nature. 2012 Nov 8;491(7423):183-5. doi: 10.1038/491183a. PMID: 23135449; PMCID: PMC3744107.

* McSorley HJ, Maizels RM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23034321/ Helminth infections and host immune regulation]. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012 Oct;25(4):585-608. doi: 10.1128/CMR.05040-11. PMID: 23034321; PMCID: PMC3485755.

* Hussaarts L, van der Vlugt LE, Yazdanbakhsh M, Smits HH. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21684587/ Regulatory B-cell induction by helminths: implications for allergic disease]. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Oct;128(4):733-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.012. PMID: 21684587.

* Broadhurst MJ, Leung JM, Kashyap V, McCune JM, Mahadevan U, McKerrow JH, Loke P. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21123809/ IL-22+ CD4+ T cells are associated with therapeutic trichuris trichiura infection in an ulcerative colitis patient]. Sci Transl Med. 2010 Dec 1;2(60):60ra88. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001500. PMID: 21123809. ([https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Png_Loke/publication/49650965_IL-22_CD4_T_Cells_Are_Associated_with_Therapeutic_Trichuris_trichiura_Infection_in_an_Ulcerative_Colitis_Patient/links/00b7d535585b829413000000.pdf Full PDF version])

* Harnett W, Harnett MM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20224568/ Helminth-derived immunomodulators: can understanding the worm produce the pill?] Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Apr;10(4):278-84. doi: 10.1038/nri2730. Epub 2010 Mar 12. PMID: 20224568.

* Cooper PJ, Chico ME, Vaca MG, Moncayo AL, Bland JM, Mafla E, Sanchez F, Rodrigues LC, Strachan DP, Griffin GE. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16698413/ Effect of albendazole treatments on the prevalence of atopy in children living in communities endemic for geohelminth parasites: a cluster-randomised trial]. Lancet. 2006 May 13;367(9522):1598-603. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68697-2. PMID: 16698413.

* Croese J, O'neil J, Masson J, Cooke S, Melrose W, Pritchard D, Speare R. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16344586/ A proof of concept study establishing Necator americanus in Crohn's patients and reservoir donors]. Gut. 2006 Jan;55(1):136-7. doi: 10.1136/gut.2005.079129. PMID: 16344586; PMCID: PMC1856386.

* Summers RW, Elliott DE, Urban JF Jr, Thompson R, Weinstock JV. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1774382/ Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn's disease]. Gut. 2005 Jan;54(1):87-90. doi: 10.1136/gut.2004.041749. PMID: 15591509; PMCID: PMC1774382.

* Gale EA. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032638/ A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis?] Diabetologia. 2002 Apr;45(4):588-94. doi: 10.1007/s00125-002-0801-1. Epub 2002 Mar 26. PMID: 12032638.

* Turton JA. [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/f/fd/Letter_-_IgE%2C_parasites%2C_and_allergy_%28Turton%29.pdf Letter: IgE, parasites, and allergy]. Lancet. 1976 Sep 25;2(7987):686. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92492-2. PMID: 60540.

== Further reading ==
Many other pages contain further research papers and articles relevant to their title's subject, for example the following.

* [[Helminths and the gut microbiota | '''Helminths and the gut microbiota''']]
* [[Deworming debunked | '''Deworming debunked''']]
* [[Helminthic therapy for well people | '''Helminthic therapy for well people''']]